網路多媒體研究所 1 wcdma technology past, present and future part iii: wcdma mobile...

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WCDMA TechnologyWCDMA TechnologyPast, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future

Part III:WCDMA Mobile Communication System

網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所2

Part III:WCDMA Mobile Communication

System• Overview of WCDMA• WCDMA System Architecture• WCDMA Protocols & Service Channels


WCDMA Basic (1/4)• Goal :

– an integrated seamless networkintegrated seamless network that ensures global personal connectivity and enables access to broadband wireless multimediabroadband wireless multimedia communications and services by anyone, from anywhere, at any by anyone, from anywhere, at any timetime. (source: UMTS Forum)

• Data Rate Requirements

Source: ITU-R Circular LetterEdit: CHT-TL


WCDMA Basic (2/4)

• Frequency band (ITU Allocation)– FDD : Downlink 1885-1980 MHz, Uplink 2110-2170 MHz

(Extended Band: 806-960 MHz, 1710-1885 MHz, 2500-2690 MHz)

– TDD : 2010-2025 MHz

• Features of spread spectrum– Spread the information bits into the whole carrier space

(white noise)– Channelisation by using the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spr

eading Factor) codes– Processing gain– Security– Anti-jamming


WCDMA Basic (3/4)Duplexing FDD

Chip Rate (Mcps) 3.84

Channel Spacing (MHz) 5

Frame Length (ms) 10 (38400 Chips)

Slots/per Frame 15 (1slot=2560 Chips)

Multi-rate ConceptVariable Spreading Factor (OVSF Code)

and/or Multi-code

Data Modulation QPSK

Spreading ModulationUL： QPSK; DL： QPSK

Complex Spreading

Spreading factors from 256 to 4 with uplink

from 512 to 4 with downlink

Channel CodingConvolutional Coding (r = 1/2, 1/3; K = 9)

Turbo Code (r=1/3; K=3)

UL: Uplink; DL: Downlink


WCDMA Basic (4/4)

• 3GPP– www.3gpp.org

• WCDMA– FDD mode– TDD mode

• Release– R99 (200003 freeze)– R4 (200103 freeze)– R5 (200203-06 freeze)– R6 (200306-12 freeze)– R7 (2004-)


WCDMA System Architecture (1/2)

UEUE RANRAN CNCN Existing NetworkExisting Network

USIM

ME

Node B

Node B

Node B

Node B

Cu

RNC

RNC

MSC/VLR

SGSN

HLR

GMSC

GGSN

PSTN

Internet

Uu Iub Iur

Iu CS

Iu PS PSDomain

CSDomain


WCDMA System Architecture (2/2)

• Major Components to form the Network– UE (User Equipment)– UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network)

• Node B and RNC

– CN (Core Network) (R99)• Inherit the GPRS/GSM Core Network• SGSN/GGSN (GPRS)• MSC/HLR/VLR (GSM)

• Two Switching Domain– Packet Switch Domain– Circuit Switch Domain


CN (Core Network)

• MSC as upgraded CN for CS domain• SGSN as upgraded CN for PS domain• Existing network elements like HLR or GGSN w

ill be modified and reused• Existing interfaces like E, Gn … will probably re

used

Ref: Tektronix


RNC (Radio Network Controller)

Control of one or more Node B Interface with the CN (3G-MSC and 3G-

SGSN) Control the use and the integrity of the

radio resources of UTRAN Terminated RANAP, NBAP, RNSAP as well as

RRC/RLC/MAC The central element of an UMTS


Node-B (BS) A logical node like BTS in GSM Perform the air interface L1 processing Responsible for transmission and reception in

one or more cells to/from the User Equipment Terminate the Iub interface, i.e. NBAP RF power control Control a number of cells

Ref: Tektronix


WCDMA Bearer Services

TETE MTMT UTRANUTRAN CN(Iu EN)

CN(Iu EN)

CN(GT)CN

(GT)TETE

Utra FDD

Radio Bearer Iu Bearer

Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer

UMTS Bearer External BearerTE/MT Local

Bearer

End-to-End Bearer


WCDMA—Protocol Architecture (1/2)

PDCPRLCMAC

RRC

IubPlane

ATM

IuPlane

Iub Plane Iu Plane

RRCRLCMAC

NBAP ALCAP

SSCF-NNIALCAP

Iub FP

AAL2

ATM

PHYRadio Q.2630.1

Q.2150.1Uu

Plane

Iub Plane

Q.2630.1

Q.2150.1

GMMMMCC SM

UDPTCPIP

PPP

Applications

CS PS U

C C

ALCAPRANAP RANAP IuUPIuUP

MTP3B

SCCP SCCP

SSCF-NNISSCOP

GTP-U

UDP

IP

AAL5ATM

AAL2

Iu Plane

U

Applications

RRC

RLCPDCP

MACPHY

Radio Interface

GMMMMCC SM

UDPTCPIP

PPP

CS PS UU

C C

Uu Plane

NASAS

UE Node-B RNC CN

Uu Interface Iub Interface Iu Interface

Application Protocol

NAS Signaling

AS Signaling

AAL5


WCDMA—Protocol Architecture (2/2)

• Access Stratum• Non-Access Stratum• User plane protocols• Control plane protocols


W-CDMA UE 端通訊協定架構

W-CDMA PHY SW/HW

W-CDMA UE Control Module

CPHY

PDCPLayer

BMCLayer

RRC Layer

Transport Channels

RABMLayer

MM Layer

CM Layer

USIMModule

USIM

Control Interfaces CS/PS Data Interfaces

W-CDMA L2(Uu Interface)

(Uu Interface)

W-CDMA L3

RLC Layer

MAC Layer

UserPlane

ControlPlane


UE 端 NAS 通訊協定架構

CCSub-layer

SMSub-layer

SSSub-layer

GSMSSub-layer

CBSSub-layer

CM Layer

MMSub-layer

GMMSub-layer

MM Layer

RABMLayerUSIM

Module

W-CDMA AS Protocol

W-CDMA UE Control Module

USIM

Nt GC DC PDCP

PSData

CBSCtrl

GSMSCtrl

SSCtrl

SMCtrl

CCCtrl

MMCtrl

BMC

CSData

CS

UMTS NAS


UE 端 AS 通訊協定架構

PDCPLayer

W-CDMA PHY SW/HW

W-CDMA NAS Protocol

Nt GC DC PDCPBMC

UMTS AS

BMCLayer

RRCLayer

RLC Layer

MAC Layer

CPHY

CS

Transport Channels

Logical ChannelsCMAC

CRLC

CBMC

CPDCP

Radio Bearers


PHY 層基頻信號處理功能方塊

CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching






Transport Channel MUXTransport Channel MUX

TransportChannel #1

TransportChannel #2

TransportChannel #N

CCTrCH

Physical Channel Segmentation,2nd Interleaving,

Physical Channel Mapping

Physical Channel Segmentation,2nd Interleaving,

Physical Channel Mapping Spreading&

Gain Weighting

Spreading&

Gain Weighting

PhCH #1

PhCH #2

PhCH #3

PhCH #4

DPCCH

Σ

Σ⊕⊕

j

ScramblingScrambling

Pulse ShapingPulse Shaping

ModulationModulation

To RF

I + jQ

I

Q

(DPDCH)


WCDMA Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (1/2)

PHY(W-CDMA)PHY(W-CDMA)

RLCRLC

RRCRRC

PDCPPDCP

L1

L2

L3

Control

Control Plane User Plane

Transport Channels

Logical Channels

Physical Channels

Radio Bearers

MACMAC

BMCBMC

U-plane Radio

Bearers

Signalling Radio Bearers


WCDMA Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (2/2)

• The radio interface protocol (access stratum) is layered into three protocol layers:– Layer 1: Physical Layer– Layer 2: Data link Layer --- split into two

main sub-layers• Radio Link Control (RLC)• Medium Access Control (MAC)

– Layer 3: Network Layer• Radio Resource Control (RRC)


Radio Resource Mapping Concept

• Signalling Radio Bearer (SRB):– RB#1~RB#4 are used for RRC signallin

g• Radio Access Bearer (RAB):

– RAB is from the NAS viewpoint for User-plane services

– one RAB may contain more than one RBs (RB#5~RB#31)

• Logical Channel– information to be transferred (ITU-

R M.1035) • Transport Channel

– information transfer method

• Physical Channel– corresponds to a specific carrier

frequency, spreading code, and on the uplink, relative phase (0 or /2)

Ph

yC

H(R

L)

L1

TrC

H(D

CH

)

TrC

H (D

CH

)

TrC

H (D

CH

)

TrC

H (D

CH

)

RLC

MAC

SRBs

Lg

CH

RB

Lg

CH

RB

Lg

CH

RB

Lg

CH

RB

Lg

CH

RB

Lg

CH

RB

RAB


Logical Channels• Control Channel

– BCCH : A downlink channel for broadcasting system information

– PCCH : A downlink channel that transfers paging information

– CCCH : A bidirectional channel for transmitting control information between a UE and the network

– DCCH : A point-to-point bidirectional channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network

• Traffic Channel

– DTCH : A point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE, for transfer of user information

– CTCH : Point-to-multipoint unidirectional channel for transfer of dedicated user information for all or group of specified UEs

Logical Channel

Control Channel

BCCH

PCCH

CCCH

DCCH

Traffic Channel

DTCH

CTCH


Transport Channels• Dedicated Transport Channel(DCH)

– Carries all the information intended for the given user, including data and signals

– Optimizes Radio Performance• Fast Power Control• Fast Data Rate Change on Frame Basis• Soft Handover

– Needs some extra time to setup channel before using

• Common Transport Channel– BCH : DL, relatively high power, low and fixed rate– PCH : DL, relatively high power, low and fixed rate,

low power consumption– RACH/FACH : Open Loop Power Control or Fixed

Power• Common Packet Transport Channel(CPCH)

– Extension to the RACH– Fast Power Control without Soft handover

• Shared Transport Channel(DSCH)– Similar to FACH– Fast Power Control without Soft handover

Transport Channel

Dedicated Transport Channel

Common Transport Channel

Shared Transport Channel

DCH

BCH

PCH

RACH

FACH

DSCH

Common Packet Transport Channel

CPCH


Physical Channels • Common Physical Channels:

– Synchronization Channels (SCH, DL)• Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH)• Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)

– Common Pilot Channel (CPICH, DL)– Common Control Physical Channels (CCPCH,

DL)• Primary common physical channel (P-CCPCH)• Secondary common physical channel (S-

CCPCH)– Indication Channel

• Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH, DL)• Page Indication Channel (PICH, DL)• CPCH Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator

Channel (AP-AICH, DL)• CPCH Collision Detection Channel Assignment

Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH, DL)• CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH, DL)

– Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH, UL)

– Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH, UL)

• Dedicated Physical Channels:– Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH,

DL&UL)– Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH,

DL&UL)

DPCCH

Physical Channel

Dedicated Physical Channel

Common Physical Channel

DPDCH

PCCPCH

SCCPCH

PRACH

PCPCH

PDSCH

PICH

AICH

CPICH

SCH

AP-AICH

CD/CA-ICH

CSICH


Radio Resource Mapping

MAC-b MAC-c/sh MAC-d

Broadcast ControlChannel(BCCH)

Paging ControlChannel(PCCH)

Broadcast ControlChannel(BCCH)

Common ControlChannel(CCCH)

Common TrafficChannel(CTCH)

Dedicated ControlChannel(DCCH)

Dedicated TrafficChannel(DTCH)

BroadcastChannel(BCH)

Paging Channel(PCH)

Forward linkAccess Channel

(FACH)

Random AccessChannel(RACH)

Common PacketChannel(CPCH)

Downlink SharedChannel(DSCH)

DedicatedChannel(DCH)

Primary CommonControl Physical

Channel(PCCPCH)

SynchronisationChannel(SCH)

Common PilotChannel(CPICH)

Secondary Common Control PhysicalChannel

(SCCPCH)

Paging Indication Channel(PICH)

Physical RandomAccess Channel

(PRACH)

AcquisitionIndication Channel

(AICH)

Physical CommonPacket Channel

(PCPCH)

CPCH StatusIndication Channel

(CSICH)

Collision Detection/Channel Assigment

Indication Channel(CD/CA-ICH)

Access Preamble- Acquisition

Indication Channel(AP-AICH)

Physical DownlinkShared Channel

(PDSCH)

Dedicated PhysicalData Channel

(DPDCH)

Dedicated PhysicalControl Channel

(DPCCH)

LogicalChannel

TransportChannel

PhysicalChannel

CCTrCH CCTrCH CCTrCH

MAC Layer

PHY Layer

網路多媒體研究所 1 wcdma technology past, present and future part iii: wcdma mobile...

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