16th century – Portuguese traded for silk and tea

Portuguese followed by the Dutch and English

18th century› Chinese believe that they are

superior to the Europeans.

› Manchus began restricting Europeans – missionaries and traders. Only trading for silver.

› Porcelain & Silk

China unwilling to trade for resources frustrates Britain.

Britain no longer wants to give up all of their silver they decided to illegally trade Opium in China.

British brought opium from India to Canton› Many Chinese became addicts

Chinese emperor forbade opium imports› War between British and Chinese

Chinese emperor forbade opium imports› War between BritishBritish and Chinese

Treaty of Nanking (1842)1.Additional British ports in China2.British control over Hong Kong3.China had to pay an indemnity4.China limited to 5% tariff

Explain to your partner if you think Europeans were justified fighting the Opium War. Why or Why Not

Belgium, France, Holland (Netherlands), Portugal, Prussia (Germany), United States

Spheres of influence› Exclusive trading areas

Extraterritoriality› Tried in their own courts and under their

own laws (Exempt from Chinese Law)

Also known as the Arrow War Results

1. More Chinese ports opened up to European trade

2. Opium traffic legalized3. Protection of Christian missionaries4. All foreign vessels could navigate

the Yangtze River5. Russia’s border extended to Amur

River

Explain to your partner if you think China was actually imperialized.

What forms of Imperialism are present in China.

Proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay (1899)

Fear that China would be carved up between imperialist powers

Left China’s independence and territory intact

All nations could trade equally in China

Endorsed internationally› But not always strictly followed

Chinese people resented foreign influence and power

Order of the Patriotic Harmonious Fists› Called “Boxers” by Westerners› Demanded that foreigners leave China› Killed circa 300 western religious figures and

vandalized foreign property European imperialists, Americans, and

Japanese put down the rebellion China paid $333,000,000 in damages and

had to permit military forces in Peking (Beijing) and Tientsin

Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)› Founded Kuomintang

(Nationalist party) Overthrew Manchu (Qing)

dynasty Established a republic President of Chinese

Republic who succeeded him – Yuan Shih-k’ai

Kuomintang symbol

Create a license plate for a European driving in China during this time and a Chinese man driving in China during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.