USOF: Instrumental in bridging India

3rd Sept. 2015

Workshop on USOFNICF, Ghitorni

Saurabh MohanDy. Administrator(Finance), USOF

History of Universal Service

*1837 Concept originated by Rowland Hill in Britain with his postal reforms (uniform rates and prepayment by sender via postage stamps)

*1907 Term originated in Theodore Vail’s slogan of ‘One Policy, One System, Universal Service’ for AT&T, USA

*1934 It became a national policy for making available wire & radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges across USA

*US is a key objective of the UPU. Even Art 1(d) of ITU lays a broad directive for States “to promote extension of the benefits of the new technology to all world’s inhabitants”

Essentials*

Availability: the level of service is

the same for all users in their place of work or

residence, at all

times and without geographical discrimination

Affordability:

for all users, the price of the service should not be a

factor that limits service

access

Accessibility:

all subscribers should be treated in a non-

discriminatory manner with

respect to the price, service and quality of the

service, in all places, without distinction of race, sex, religion, disabilities

etc.

* The underlying concept of Universal Service is to ensure that telecommunication services are accessible to the widest number of people (and communities) at affordable prices

Digital inclusion

Basis: Gaps Model

Source: Navas-Sabater et.al, 2002.

By ideal regulatory and

legal environment

Limited subsidy support

Continuing subsidies

Funds around the world (ITU sept 2013)

Guiding Force behind the Govt. intervention

Capacity to avail other EntitlementsBuild Capabilities

* NTP 2012 has one of its goal as ‘Right to Broadband’

ICT as an Entitlement

ICT as tool (means)

ICT as a goal (ends)

Making ICT services Available, Accessible & Affordable enough

Individual Development

Learning from best practices

Access vs. Service as policy goal

*Universal access (UA) is when everyone can access the service somewhere, at a public place]

*Universal service (US) is when every individual or household can have service or adequate proportion of the population can. (i.e., subscriber penetration targets)

*With the onset of Broadband revolution & maturation of mobile/wireless communications, UA/US policies & strategies is looking beyond telephony.

* In the deregulated competitive sector, the US obligation of the State towards the excluded sections, un-served or the underserved areas remains of paramount focus of the State

Timeline of changing focal points of USOFUS: (Stream I) ‘02-’16 Public phones

VPT /RCP schemes (‘02-’12)New VPT ‘09-’16 (Feb)

UA: (Stream V) ‘10- … OFC Infrastructure

OFC infra Coverage schemes (Assam - ’10 –’17 , NE I/II – ’12-’20 ) BBNL funding for NOFN, Transmission Plan in NER, Submarine OFC & Satellite B/w augmentation in Islands,

UA: (Stream II) ’02-’14 Rural household phones

RDEL scheme (‘02-’10) RDEL (Prior to ’02), still being funded

UA: (Stream III) ‘07- … Mobile voice coverageMobile (‘07- Nov. ’13) LWE & Mobile for uncovered villages schemes upcoming

UA & US: (Stream IV) ‘09-’18 Wire-line BBProvisioning of BB Kiosk & BB connection ‘09-’18 (Jan)

(Stream VI) ‘10- … Pilots- on new tech. developments

SMCF (‘10-’14) & Sanchar Shakti (‘12-…) & Renewable energy support to towers

Stream I Stream II Stream III Stream IV Stream V Stream VI0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2,517 cr

6,183 cr 403 cr

0 cr 0 cr

5 cr

116 cr

7,500 cr 597 cr

2,303 cr 410 cr

1 cr

Subsidy disbursed against closed & ongoing schemes in each Stream of USOF Activities signifying the currently prominent Streams

Ongoing

Closed

Genesis in India

•New Telecom Policy (NTP) envisaged development of telecom facilities in remote, hilly & tribal areas and provision of universal services to all uncovered villages. Private sector involvement was found to be slow as envisaged in NTP ‘99, all service providers were encouraged to participate in USO via reimbursement from USOF.

’99

•TRAI recommendations for est. of USOF & USL @5% of AGR of the TSPs except pure VAS providers •Universal Service Support Policy (USSP) came into effect w.e.f. 1.4.2002.•Administrator, USOF was appointed on 01.06.2002

’02

•The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 1885 gave statutory status retrospectively to the USOF

’03

•One of the objectives of the NTP ‘94 was Universal service : provision of access to all people , covering all villages as early as possible, for certain basic telecom services at affordable and reasonable prices.

‘94

Milestones of USOF

•New Telecom Policy (NTP) stated Universal Service as its goal, even in NTP 2012- focus on converged communication service (ICT-data, voice, video) in commercially unviable rural & remote areas

’99

•Universal Service Support Policy (USSP) came into effect w.e.f. 1.4.2002.

•schemes MARR VPT(A) & RDEL-B & RDEL-P(prior to 1.4.2002)

’02

•Statutory status retrospectively to the Fund, by adding Sec 9A- 9D in ITA, 1885

•VPT-OPEX & MARR VPT(B) launched

’03

•Rules for administration of the Fund was notified as IT (amendment) Rules,1951•Net Cost definition in Rule 525 & 523•Two streams (Rule 525) of US obligation funding for the activities •Powers of Administrator defined under Rule 524

•RCP & Uncovered VPT- Phase I launched

’04

•RDEL-A launched

’05

Milestones of USOF

•Four more streams (Rule 525) of USO funding added•"obligation to basic telegraph services“ substituted by " obligation to provide access to telegraph services“ vide Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act

’06

•RDEL-X(extension of A) & Shared Mobile Infrastructure scheme•Rule 525 amended for support of max Rs. 6000 cr. for RDEL–P for period of 3 years

•New VPT Phase II & Rural wire-line BB launched

’07‘08‘09

• OFC(Assam) & Solar Mobile Charging Facility pilot schemes launched•All of the USOF activities came under Plan Budget from 2011-12

’10‘11

•Creation of NOFN for extending the BB connectivity to GPs via SPV(BBNL) funded by USOF •Eligible operators definition in ITR modified to mean ‘entities having valid license or registration or authorisation from Central Govt. for providing telecom services/infra. or any other entity. •Work towards ‘Right to broadband’ enshrined in NTP 2012•OFC for NE-I & NE-II and Sanchar Shakti pilot projects launched

’12

• BSNL nominated as USP for mobile services provision in LWE areas vide IT(amendment) Rules 1951 -Was an exception to Universal Service Provider selection process of competitive bidding as per Rule 526 • Rule 525 amended for support of max Rs. 1500 cr. for RDEL–P for one year w.e.f 18.7.11

’13

Milestones of USOF

•Mobile provisioning in MHA identified sites in LWE states launched•SS pilot in AP commenced its VAS services

‘14

•Upcoming tender for 8 USOF schemes for NER for mobile provisioning in uncovered villages & uncovered sections of NHs

‘15

Rationale

Market Gap

Lack of business

case

Green telecom,VAS/content

Access Gap

LWE, NE telecom planState ‘s obligation

Mobile coverageto uncovered villages ,A&N,OFC schemes in NE

Tech & Regulatory lag, Subsidy support to ~32 lakh RDEL (prior to 1/4/02) Connections of BSNL

Wealth re-distribution

LF levy across Rural & urban areas

R-U divide

(50%-150%) NOFN, Digital India

Objectives

»Economic: Network extension & stimulate uptake of the ICT services in rural/remote areas

»Social: Mainstreaming the underserved & unserved areas/groups

»Political: to enable citizens exercise their political rights in an informed way and

»Constitutional: Equitable distribution of the fruits of the telecom/digital revolution and fair allocation of national resource (pooled USO levy) via targeted subsidies

defined in Act as providing access to telegraph services in rural & remote areas at affordable and reasonable prices

•VPT-OPEX, MARR VPTs, VPT-1991, and RCP• On-going VPT-2001Public Access

•RDEL-A,RDEL-B,RDEL-X•RDEL–Prior to 1.4.2002 (subsidy support is being extended and under consideration by Telecom Commission)

Individual Access

•Shared Mobile Infrastructure scheme -Part A (IP)& B(USP)

•Ongoing LWE scheme & Upcoming Comprehensive telecom development plan for North East, uncovered villages of Himalayan & western Border states etc

Mobile Connectivity

• On-going Rural Wire-line broadband scheme (individual connections & kiosks)

Broadband connectivity

•On-going schemes for subsidy support for Optical Fibre Cable in Assam, NE-I & NE-II and National Optical Fibre Network,, A&N connectivity via OFC & satellite

General infrastructure

•Solar Mobile Charging facility by TERI•On-going Sanchar Shakti scheme for free of cost dissemination of customised information (Mobile-VAS) to rural women

•Renewable energy support for mobile towers

Pilot SchemesTargeting the needy & extension of new

converged services to the excluded

Subsidy streams of USOF

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 (Q1)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

100

36

1014

19

34

1815

711

8

1

65

9086

81

66

81

81

88 79

69

2 3

5

15

3

29

2 25

11

3 4

100

65

24

66

Stream VI

Stream V

Stream IV

Stream III

Stream II

Stream I

Stream I ( Total 2633 cr.)13%

Stream II ( Total 13683 cr.)68%

Stream III ( Total 1000 cr.)5%

Stream IV ( Total 2303 cr.)11%

Stream V ( Total 410 cr.)2%

Stream VI ( Total 6 cr.)0.03%

Stream-wise share in the total subsidy disbursed by USOF

Stream I : Provision of Village Public Telephones & Rural Community PhonesStream II : Provision of rural household wireline telephonesStream III : Provision of Mobile telecom services in rural/remote areasStream IV : Provision of Broadband Connectivity in rural/remote areasStream V : Creation of General telecom infrastructure in rural/remote areasStream VI : USOF pilots for assessing the viability & feasibility of new teelcom technologies for rural/remote areas

Joint Administrator (F)

Administrator, USOF

Joint Administrator (T)

DDG (Broadband)

DDG (PM&C)DDG (Green Technology)

Organization Structure

USOF: Attached office of DoT

*Administrator (Secretary rank) endowed with the powers of a Head of department & reports to MoC&IT

*USO Fund administration

*Policy making, define/review the scope

*Agreement formulation & signing with Service Provider with subsidy support for carrying out the USO (unviable rural/remote areas)

*Subsidy authorizations to CCAs

*Directions &clarifications to Service Provider & CCAs

*Monitor performance, issue inspection guidelines

*Conducting impact assessment & evaluation

»Rule 524 of ITR,1951 lays down the power of the Administrator, USOF to-

˃Settle the claim of Universal Service Provider after due verification, and make disbursements accordingly from the Fund;

˃Specify relevant formats, procedures and records to be maintained and furnished by the Universal Service Provider;

˃Monitor the performance of the Universal Service Provider as per the procedure specified by him from time to time.

USOF: Attached office of DoT

Functions of USOF (Finance)

» Finance advice in the implementation of the guidelines laid down by Government for providing Universal Service Support;

» Suggesting such changes in policy as may be deemed necessary for implementation of Universal Service Support for efficient & effective utilization of the Fund;

 

» Formulating USOF projects/schemes under the various streams provided in the Indian Telegraph Rules, 1951, in consultation with telecom service providers and various stakeholders;

 

» Designing an intelligent subsidy support model underlying the scheme/project, for reducing/closing the Viability Gap in provisioning of telecommunication service;

 

» Determining desirable subsidy level, structure & disbursement schedule and appropriate pricing of the services after undertaking a suitable costing & modeling/benchmarking exercise and competitive tendering process;

 

Functions of USOF (Finance)

» Finance advice in designing the bidding process and in carrying out the tendering;

» Aptly drafting Agreement with necessary incentives & disincentives to ensure the achievement of the deliverables by USP for the concerned scheme;

» Monitoring the implementation of USOF projects/schemes and to disburse subsidy in accordance with the terms & conditions of the respective USOF Agreement;

» Accurate & timely settlement of all claims of subsidy/financial support in respect of USOF schemes via CSM package

» Guiding CCAs in the implementation of the USOF scheme(s) and issuing clarifications w.r.t provisions of the governing USOF agreement via CSM;

» Content management of the USOF Website

 

Functions of USOF (Finance)

 » Carrying out post-implementation review of USOF

projects/schemes;

» Financial management, Accounting, Budgeting and Audit of USOF activities;

» Forecasting the requirement of Universal Service Funds for each financial year and obtaining approval of Government through Department of Telecom;

 

» Ensuring that the prescribed Universal Service Levy is credited to the appropriate Universal Service Fund on a regular basis, as the Fund is a non-lapsable;

» Designing the format of various records and return to be maintained by the USPs.

₹ 0 Cr

₹ 5,000 Cr

₹ 10,000 Cr

₹ 15,000 Cr

₹ 20,000 Cr

₹ 25,000 Cr

₹ 30,000 Cr

₹ 35,000 Cr

₹ 40,000 Cr

₹ 45,000 Cr

1,654

2,143

3,458

3,215

3,941

5,406

5,515

5,778

6,115

6,724

6,735

7,896

7,539

300200

1,315

1,767

1,500

1,290

1,600

6,949 crores reimbursed to BSNL for License Fee & Spectrum

2,400

3,100

1,688

625

2,163

2,087

Fund balanceRs 39134.57 cr

Cumulative effect of inflows & outflows on USO fund balance Potentially available Fund for USO purpose via Budget appropriation

Subsidy Disbursed annually for rural/remote telecom connectivity & services provisionFund (CFI) Accretion annually via Universal Access Levy collections from TSPs

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16 (Q1)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

237

66

65 83 82119

88 8625

860

63

4252

43

84

52

53 404

5

3056

63

173

125148

132139

40

914

129

11771514

1215

850

553559

124

58

6183

30

55

45

19

228

42111

7501378

2602 1271

15007500

51 92

87

95

64

403

43 6591

71

60

81

0.35

410

405

514

1352

2271

31

116

5

Share of Activities/Schemes in Annual & Total Subsidy disbursed Values in INR Cr

SMCF

Sanchar Shakti

NOFN

OFC-Assam

WIRELINE-BB

Shared Mobile Infra

RDEL(sum of A X D B)

RDEL-P

New VPT-2

New VPT-1

MARR-B

MARR-A

RCP

VPT OPEX

VPT OPEX4%

RCP1%

MARR-A5%

MARR-B2%

New VPT-11%

New VPT-21%

RDEL-A10%

RDEL-X4%

RDEL-B10%

RDEL-D6%

RDEL-P37%

Shared Mobile Infra2%

LWE3%

NOFN11%

OFC-Assam0%

WIRELINE-BB2%

Sanchar Shakti0.004%

SMCF0.03%

Share of Schemes in Total subsidy disbursed by USOF

Stream I : Provision of Village Public Telephones & Rural Community PhonesStream II : Provision of rural household wireline telephonesStream III : Provision of Mobile telecom services in rural/remote areasStream IV : Provision of Broadband Connectivity in rural/remote areasStream V : Creation of General telecom infrastructure in rural/remote areasStream VI : USOF pilots for assessing the viability & feasibility of new teelcom technologies for rural/re -mote areas

Public account

Transfer to USOF on

Hq. Authorisation of Requisition by

CCA

MH 8235-118

MH 3275-103 MH 3275-797

Parliament appropriates , & MoF allots

Debit on Intimation of payment by CCA

X Compensation to USP ( Debit

by CCAs)

MH 8670 -Drawings from bank

X amount disbursed (Credit)

X amount minus debit(Contra credit)

MH 3275-902

Consolidated fund of India

USO levy collections

MH 1275-OCS

Link between 2 government accounts

The Stages

*Resources for the Fund raised via 5% USO component in LF assessed & collected

* Fund – non-lapsable & for exclusive use

*USOF Policy for US, recent tilt towards community infrastructure ie UA

* 6 Streams/categories of USOF agreements

*Estimate annually & forecast the utilisation & undertake budgeting

*Stakeholder consultation-Desirability

* Technical Consultancy(DPR) –Feasibility

* Financial Consultancy(subsidy modelling) – Viability & ensure compliance of the roll-out obligations

* Tendering or nomination

* Tender/Agreement document preparation for extending subsidy, defining roles & obligations, penal clauses

* issue of NIT, Agreement/contract signing

Subsidy mechanism* Evaluate the extra costs generated by the constraints of the Universal Service

Obligations for the Telecom service provider & finance the ‘Gap’

* Rule 525 of the ITR, which makes explicitly clear that the Financial Support from the Fund shall be provided to meet the Net Cost of providing the specified Universal Service Obligation.

* Rule 523 also defines the phrases-

* "Capital Cost” means the capital expenditure incurred on providing access

* "Capital Recovery" means the aggregate of depreciation, interest on debt and return on equity on the capital cost

* “Net Cost” means Operating expenses plus Capital Recovery minus Revenue; Where support is extended towards Stream III, IV and V, Net Cost shall mean a percentage of Capital Recovery

* "Operating Expenses" means the annual Operating Cost incurred on operation and maintenance of the specified facilities

* "Revenue" means the annual charges including usage charge and applicable rental from the specified Service

Critical Role of CCAsArms of USOF Hq.

*Contributions to USO fund; levy assessment & collections

*Accurate & timely subsidy settlement

*Finalization of accounts, at the closure of scheme

*Issuing show-cause cum demand notice for o/s recoveries

Ears & eyes of USOF Hq.

*Role in ensuring compliance to ‘deliverables’ of the Agreement

*Subsidy claim verification & post-payment inspection

* Info. on dues, recoveries, claims/payments

*Feedback on Scheme’s performance

Relevant sections of USOF agreement

*General conditions

*Date of effect

*Validity of agreement

*Scope/target eg- VPT with STD, no existing VPT

*Commercial conditions

* Tariffs, display of information

*Technical conditions

*BB speed, bandwidth, faults, VPT with solar charging devices

*Financial conditions

*Subsidy structure & phasing from date of installation- FLS, EAS, procedure of claim processing, deductions for faults, recovery of excess-ascertained based on claim verification, inspections, auditor’s report

*Operating conditions

*Roll-out schedule, Liquidated damages, Performance Bank Guarantee

*Definitions

ANDHRA PRADESH; 800.7951956; 4%ASSAM; 215.0183119; 1%

BIHAR; 414.8388194; 2% CHATTISGARH, 287.67, 1% GUJRAT; 663.7418111; 3%

HARYANA; 185.0072794; 1%HIMACHAL PRADESH;

267.6460289; 1%J&K; 95.20; 0.48%

JHARKHAND; 86.27; 0.43%KARNATAKA; 666.4046698;

3%KERALA; 521.9597118; 3%

MAHARASHTRA; 1348.1669442; 7%

MP; 833.3697004; 4%

NE-I; 110.3971459; 1%NE-II; 81.32; 0.41%

ORISSA; 410.2907725; 2%PUNJAB; 320.5782676; 2%

RAJASTHAN; 796.1359118; 4%

TAMIL NADU; 360.2485989; 2%

UP(E); 596.740711094; 3%UP(W); 264.9201543; 1%UTTARANCHAL; 161.3467771; 1%WEST BENGAL; 179.7524839; 1%

USOF Hq; 10367.3707971; 52%

Circle wise share in the total subsidy disbursed by USOF

Note: USOF Hq stands for the subsidy payment done centralised to the Universal Service Provider for USO activities in all/some circles

VPT OPEX, 838.82, 5%

RCP; 72.1033019; 0.46%

MARR-A, 913.77, 6%

MARR-B; 404.0651883; 3%

New VPT-1, 228.31, 1%

New VPT-2, 116.35, 1%

RDEL-A, 951.24, 6%

RDEL-X; 294.3725742; 2%

RDEL-B, 2012.43, 13%

RDEL-D, 1191.78, 7%

RDEL-P, 7500.00, 47%

Shared Mobile Infra, 260.34, 2%

LWE, 596.51,

4%

OFC-Assam; 32.1748504; 0.20%WIRELINE-BB; 410.4433606; 3%

Rs 15823 crore out of the total USOF subsidy of Rs 20035 crore disbursed to BSNL (79%)

Stream I : Provision of Village Public Telephones & Rural Community PhonesStream II : Provision of rural household wireline telephonesStream III : Provision of Mobile telecom services in rural/remote areasStream IV : Provision of Broadband Connectivity in rural/remote areasStream V : Creation of General telecom infrastructure in rural/remote areas

BSNL; 15822.727813094; 78.97%

BBNL; 2270.8645971; 11.33%

RIL; 750.9936585; 3.75%

TATA; 723.1634735; 3.61%TTML; 317.0695006; 1.58% KEC; 38.6788535; 0.19% GTL; 36.9270366; 0.18% RCIL; 24.9846981; 0.12% VESL; 18.4364951; 0.09%

VECL; 8.8235871; 0.04%

DWL; 8.5949203; 0.04%

REST, 13.36, 0.07%

Universal Servcie Providers wise share in Total Subsidy disbursed

BSNL BBNL RIL TATA TTML KEC GTL RCIL VESL VECL DWL REST(TERI QTIL RTL RML ISPL SHYAM BHARTI RCL HFCL)

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 (Q1)

0cr

500cr

1,000cr

1,500cr

2,000cr

2,500cr

3,000cr

3,500cr

300, 2 200, 3

1,315, 5

1,767, 7

1,500, 7

1,290, 7

1,600, 10

2,400, 12

3,100, 11

1,688, 12

625, 10

2,163, 142,087, 10

0.35, 2

Grand Total ( Progressive figure 20035 cr.)

Variation in Total USO Subsidy disbursed over the years

No of USOF schemes/activities against which subsidy disbursed

Contemporary Relevance

○ Number of upcoming schemes – Plan for utilising around 6 thousand crores during the period FY 15-16 to FY 22-23

○ Utilisation plan for USOF including annual accruals - entire fund would be put to use for the development of telecom infrastructure & provisioning of ICT services in rural/remote areas of India

○ In two pillars of the Digital India campaign- Broadband Highways & Universal Access, USOF has critical role to play

○ Rest of the 7 pillars such as e-governance, electronic delivery of services, information for all etc are directly & indirectly dependent on the strength of these two pillars

Region Upcoming Schemes

Uncovered villages & NH- NER except AP & 2 districts of Assam (2800 cr.)

Transmission Media Plan-NER (296 cr.)

Uncovered villages & NH- AP & 2 districts of Assam (1811 cr.)

Augmentation of satellite bandwidth systems-A&N Capex alone (82 cr.)

Augmentation of Intra-Island OFC network-A&N Capex alone (20 cr.)

Providing 2G (voice) coverage in uncovered villages-A&N (182 cr.)

Providing seamless 2G (voice) connectivity along NH223-A&N (8 cr.)

Submarine OFC connectivity between Mainland India and A&N - Chennai (1000) & Kolkata (600) route Capex alone (1600 cr.)

Augmentation of satellite bandwidth systems-Lakshdweep Capex alone (18 cr.)

Augmentation/ strengthening of 2G (voice) mobile connectivity- Lakshdweep (12 cr.)

Submarine OFC connectivity between Mainland India and Lakshadweep Capex alone (468 cr.)

Himalayan Uncovered villages & NH-Himalayan states (JK,HP,UK) - (1650 cr.)

Western Border Uncovered villages & NH- Western Border States - 2138 villages -(1604 cr.)

Southern States, LWE states, States with lesser number of

uncovered villages

Uncovered villages & NH- Rest of India ~40000 uncovered villages - (~30000 cr.)

NER

A&N

Lakshdweep

Committed Estimated Total

Outflows Total

CumulativeCumulative - Committed

a b c d e = c + d f g

2014-15 7539 39135 - - - - -

1 2015-16 7500 46635 4916 0 4916 4916 4916

2 2016-17 7875 54510 3567 165 3732 8648 8483

3 2017-18 8269 62779 3838 223 4061 12709 12321

4 2018-19 8682 71461 3707 6601 10309 23017 16028

5 2019-20 9116 80577 3707 6601 10309 33326 19735

6 2020-21 9572 90149 3234 6601 9836 43161 22969

7 2021-22 10051 100200 3234 6601 9836 52997 26204

8 2022-23 10553 110753 3234 6461 9695 62692 29438

Out flow/ disbursement

480614720346988

50070

Year End Cummulative Balance

(Only Committed outflows)

8131573996671806084255433504584602741719

-

i = b - g

Projections of the UAL Accrual and Disbursement from USO fund over the period FY 2015-16 to FY 2022-23

S. No.

Year Annual

UAL accrual

Cummulative UAL accrual

Year End Cummulative Balance (Committed &

Estimated)

h = b - f

-

4586241719

4725148444

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