© 2003 prentice hall, inc.6-1 chapter 6 organizational information systems information systems...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-1
Chapter 6
OrganizationalInformation Systems
Information Systems TodayInformation Systems TodayLeonard Jessup & Joseph ValacichLeonard Jessup & Joseph Valacich
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-2
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-3
Chapter 6 Objectives Understand characteristics of operational, Understand characteristics of operational,
managerial, and executive information systemsmanagerial, and executive information systems Understand characteristics of transaction Understand characteristics of transaction
processing systems, management information processing systems, management information systems, and executive information systemssystems, and executive information systems
Understand characteristics of information systems Understand characteristics of information systems that span organizational boundaries that span organizational boundaries
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-4
Decision-Making Levels of an Organization
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-5
Decision-Making Levels of an Organization
Executive level (top)Executive level (top) Long-term decisionsLong-term decisions Unstructured decisionsUnstructured decisions
Managerial level (middle)Managerial level (middle) Decisions covering weeks and monthsDecisions covering weeks and months Semistructured decisionsSemistructured decisions
Operational level (bottom)Operational level (bottom) Day-to-day decisionsDay-to-day decisions Structured decisionsStructured decisions
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-6
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-7
General Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) TransactionsTransactions Used at Operational level of the organizationUsed at Operational level of the organization Goal: to automate repetitive information Goal: to automate repetitive information
processing activitiesprocessing activitiesIncrease speedIncrease speedIncrease accuracyIncrease accuracyGreater efficiencyGreater efficiency
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-8
General Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) Online processingOnline processing Batch processingBatch processing
Data inputData input Manual data entryManual data entry Semiautomated data entrySemiautomated data entry Fully automated data entryFully automated data entry
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-9
General Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) Examples:Examples:
PayrollPayrollSales and orderingSales and orderingInventoryInventoryPurchasing, receiving, shippingPurchasing, receiving, shippingAccounts payable and receivableAccounts payable and receivable
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-10
General Types of Information Systems
Management Information Systems (MISs)Management Information Systems (MISs) Two Types:Two Types:
Management of IS in organizationsManagement of IS in organizationsSpecific information systems for mid-level Specific information systems for mid-level
managersmanagers Used at managerial level of the organizationUsed at managerial level of the organization
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-11
General Types of Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems Types of reports:Types of reports:
Scheduled reportScheduled reportKey-indicator reportKey-indicator reportException reportException reportDrill-down reportDrill-down reportAd hoc reportAd hoc report
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-12
General Types of Information Systems
Management Information Systems (MISs)Management Information Systems (MISs) Examples:Examples:
Sales forecastingSales forecastingFinancial management and forecastingFinancial management and forecastingManufacturing planning and schedulingManufacturing planning and schedulingInventory management and planningInventory management and planningAdvertising and product pricingAdvertising and product pricing
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-13
General Types of Information Systems
Executive Information Systems (EISs)Executive Information Systems (EISs) Used at executive level of the organizationUsed at executive level of the organization Highly aggregated formHighly aggregated form Data typesData types
Soft data – news and nonanalytical dataSoft data – news and nonanalytical dataHard data – facts and numbersHard data – facts and numbers
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-14
General Types of Information Systems
Executive Information Systems (EISs)Executive Information Systems (EISs) Examples:Examples:
Executive-level decision makingExecutive-level decision makingLong-range and strategic planningLong-range and strategic planningMonitoring internal and external eventsMonitoring internal and external eventsCrisis managementCrisis managementStaffing and labor relationsStaffing and labor relations
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-15
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-16
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Decision Support Systems (DSSs)Decision Support Systems (DSSs) Designed to support organizational decision Designed to support organizational decision
makingmaking ““What-if” analysisWhat-if” analysis
Example of a DSS tool: Microsoft ExcelExample of a DSS tool: Microsoft Excel Text and graphsText and graphs
Models for each of the functional areasModels for each of the functional areas Accounting, finance, personnel, etc.Accounting, finance, personnel, etc.
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-17
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Expert Systems (ESs)Expert Systems (ESs) Mimics human expertise by manipulating Mimics human expertise by manipulating
knowledgeknowledge Rules (If-then)Rules (If-then) InferencingInferencing
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-18
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Office Automation Systems (OASs)Office Automation Systems (OASs) Examples:Examples:
Communicating and schedulingCommunicating and scheduling Document preparationDocument preparation Analyzing dataAnalyzing data Consolidating informationConsolidating information
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-19
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Collaboration TechnologiesCollaboration Technologies Virtual teamsVirtual teams VideoconferencingVideoconferencing GroupwareGroupware Electronic Meeting Systems (EMSs)Electronic Meeting Systems (EMSs)
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-20
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Functional Area Information SystemsFunctional Area Information Systems Geared toward specific areas in the company:Geared toward specific areas in the company:
Human ResourcesHuman Resources BenefitsBenefits MarketingMarketing
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-21
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 6-22
Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Global Information SystemsGlobal Information Systems International ISInternational IS Transnational ISTransnational IS Multinational ISMultinational IS Global ISGlobal IS