高三二轮复习阅读理解

——推理判断

高三二轮复习阅读理解

——推理判断

2008—2012 阅读理解题型一览表

题型年份

细节理解题

推理判断题

主旨大意题

词义猜测题

2008 60% 25% 10% 5%

2009 40% 35% 15% 10%

2010 55% 25% 13% 7%

2011 55% 30% 5% 10%

2012 34% 40% 13% 13%

2000—2007阅读理解题型一览表

3.3%6.7%43.3%46.7%2000年

3.3%11.7%26.7%58.3%2001年

9.1%12.7%38.2%40%2002年

7.2%10.9%40.1%41.8%2003年

5.1%9.5%43.4%42%2004年

7.8%11.3%42.8%38.1%2005年

12%12%37%39%2006年

9%10%31%50%2007年

词义猜测题主旨大意题推理判断题细节理解题年份

题型

Infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, appear, learn, intend, assume.

此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词： can, could, would, might 或副词 probably, most ， likely.

推理判断问题中常用词汇 :

题目设计形式一般有 :

1. We can infer/assume from this passage/paragraph___2. The story suggests/implies that .3. The writer of this passage intends to .4. The writer’s purpose of writing the passage is to .5. The passage is probably taken from a .6. The writer of the passage considers it .7. Which of the following best describes the character

of .8. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph

that follows?9. The writer’s attitude toward ··· is .

推理判断题型分类：

探析一：细节推断题 探析二：态度观点判断题 探析三：写作意图题 探析四：深层推理题 探析五：逻辑结论题 探析六：文章的题材或出处题 探析七：预测推断题

探析 1 ：细节推断题 要求根据语篇关系抓住关键信息词，推断

具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。

(A) 2012 广东卷

1. I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.

2. One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and I ran into something. “I’m awfully sorry,” I said but later I realized I had apologized to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop, unless passengers want to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.

3. Generally in this situation, because I hated showing

I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.

4.But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop: It seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of my self, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.

1.The girl refused to ask for help because she thought______. A. she might be recognized B. asking for help looked silly C. she was normal and independent D. being found blind was embarrassing2. What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus? _____. A. Other vehicles also stopped there B. It was unreliable for making judgments. C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl. D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.3. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping_____. A. to find people there B. to find more buses there C. to find the bus by herself there D. to find people more helpful there

D

B

A

(B) In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always. Some cynics( 愤世嫉俗的人 ) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?

4: It can be inferred from the text that .

A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living

B. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless people

C. the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless

D. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboard box

C

(C) Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company’s activities. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. ··· The information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes. One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information aboutcomputers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.

长难句： One research found that business firms

were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.

5: All of following statements are true EXCEPT that .

A. computer is a great help for business management

B. with the help of computers, company managers are now more informed of what’s going on in their companies.

C. computerized information enables managers to take timely measures to prevent possible mistakes.

D. computer science graduates are quicker to learn business subjects because of their professional knowledge about computers

D

(D) Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.

Avoid Big Events Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it hard to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival cost $169.15. A week later, the same room cost $118.15

If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid--- or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time---- check out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city , date and category.

6. The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may______.

A. help travelers pass time

B. attract lots of travelers to the UK

C. allow travelers to make flexible plans

D. cause travelers to pay more for accommodation

D

探析 2 ：态度观点判断题

主要考察作者的态度、观点，此问题有一定难度。推断过程中须注意文章作者的措辞。

常见的表示态度的词语有 :

positive, negative, neutral( 中立的 ), approval,

disapproval, indifferent ( 中立的 ), critical, doubtful

optimistic( 乐观的 ), pessimistic( 悲观的 ), useful,

disgusted( 厌恶的 ), disappointed, objective( 客观的 ),

subjective( 主观的 ), supportive, passive( 消积的）

【知识链接】

1. 选项内容与原文相同，不需要经过推断， 这样的选项直接排除。2. 绝对化，扩大化的选项要排除。3. 与文章基调不相符的结论要淘汰。4. 推断时要客观，忠于原文，不要受主观意 识影响。

知识链接：观点，态度类推断题的选项分为三种：1. 中性词 : neutral, indifferent, uninterested

2. 褒义词 : positive, supportive, useful,

enthusiastic, admiring

3. 贬义词 : disgusted, critical, negative,

disappointed

一般作者的态度不直接给出，而是隐含在文章字里行间，要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的信息。

1 Why isn’t you newspaper reporting any good news? All I Read about is murder, bribery( 行贿 ) and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all the bad news.

Q: This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to___

A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform

2. Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their story alive forever. Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still,

even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.Q. What is the author’s attitude towards modern celebrity?_____ A. Sincere. B. Skeptical. C. Disapproving D. Sympathetic

A

D

专家意见 : 推理判断类型题并非无章可循 , 而是有一定的规律 . 关键是按照作者陈述的观点和描述的事实 , 进行正确合乎逻辑地推论和引申 . 做到”有理有据” , 从而得出符合原文信息或提示的答案 .

探析 3 ：写作意图题 有些文章写作目的比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类

题应关注主题句。有些让读者去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议文章中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表自己的看法。因此议论部分蕴含的作者的写作意图。

例 3 （ 2007 年全国卷Ⅱ B 篇）

If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading.

Q: With the example of basketball players, the author shows .A. why certain people are poor readers.B. that there are differences in people’s abilitiesC. why some people are good basketball playersD. That good basketball players can be good readers

B