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Chapter 5Light and Matter:

Reading Messages from the Cosmos

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How do we experience light?

• The warmth of sunlight tells us that light is a form of energy.

• We can measure the flow of energy in light in units of watts: 1 watt = 1 joule/s.

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Colors of Light

• White light is made up of many different colors.

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How do light and matter interact?

• Emission

• Absorption

• Transmission– Transparent objects transmit light.– Opaque objects block (absorb) light.

• Reflection/scattering

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Reflection and Scattering

Mirror reflects light in a particular direction.

Movie screen scatters light in all directions.

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Interactions of Light with Matter

Interactions between light and matter determine the appearance of everything around us.

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Clicker QuestionWhy is a rose red?

a) The rose absorbs red light.

b) The rose transmits red light.

c) The rose emits red light.

d) The rose reflects red light.

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Clicker QuestionWhy is a rose red?

a) The rose absorbs red light.

b) The rose transmits red light.

c) The rose emits red light.

d) The rose reflects red light.

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What is light?

• Light can act either like a wave or like a particle.

• Particles of light are called photons.

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Properties of Waves

• Wavelength is the distance between two wave peaks.• Frequency is the number of times per second that a

wave vibrates up and down.Wave speed = wavelength frequency

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Wavelength and Frequency

wavelength frequency = speed of light = constant

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Particles of Light

• Each photon has a wavelength and a frequency.

• The energy of a photon depends on its frequency.

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Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy

f = c

= wavelength, f = frequency

c = 3.00 108 m/s = speed of light

E = h f = photon energy

h = Planck’s constant

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Clicker QuestionThe higher the photon energy,

a) the longer its wavelength.

b) the shorter its wavelength.

c) energy is independent of wavelength.

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Clicker QuestionThe higher the photon energy,

a) the longer its wavelength.

b) the shorter its wavelength.

c) energy is independent of wavelength.

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Clicker QuestionEverything looks blue through a

blue filter because___.

a) The filter absorbs the blue light and emits other colors

b) The filter transmits the blue light and absorbs other colors

c) The filter reflects the blue light and transmits other colors

d) The filter emits the blue light and absorbs other colors

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Clicker QuestionEverything looks blue through a

blue filter because___.

a) The filter absorbs the blue light and emits other colors

b) The filter transmits the blue light and absorbs other colors

c) The filter reflects the blue light and transmits other colors

d) The filter emits the blue light and absorbs other colors

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Special Topic: Polarized Sunglasses

• Polarization describes the direction in which a light wave is vibrating.

• Reflection can change the polarization of light.

• Polarized sunglasses block light that reflects off of horizontal surfaces.

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What is the electromagnetic spectrum?