© 2011 pearson addison-wesley. all rights reserved. addison wesley is an imprint of the complete a+...

© 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.

Addison Wesley is an imprint of

The Complete A+ Guideto PC Repair 5/e

Chapter 1Introduction to

Computer Repair

Chapter 1Introduction to

Computer Repair


CertificationsCertifications

• Certifications are important especially for people who do not have experience.– May get them an interview– Shows they know the basic information for the

job– Does not demonstrate ability to think logically,

troubleshoot problems, or deal with people in a professional manner

– Validates experienced technicians proficiency and up-to-date knowledge


A+ CertificationA+ Certification

• The A+ Certification is a non-vendor specific industry standard certification.• Does not guarantee someone a job• Is required by a lot of companies and agencies

• Consists of two exams– 220-701 A+ Essentials– 220-702 IT Technician

• CompTIA states that it measures competencies for an IT professional with at least 1000 hours of hands-on experience in the lab or field.

• This book, The Complete A+ Guide to PC Repair 5th Edition by Cheryl A. Schmidt, covers material for both exams.


Preliminary Safety NotesPreliminary Safety Notes

Turn off and unplug the computer when taking the computer apart, installing parts, removing parts, or performing preventive maintenance.

Computer PowerComputer PowerPower Supply

and CRT MonitorPower Supply

and CRT Monitor

Do not take these

components apart without

specific training. They

hold a charge and can

hurt you.


Explore qualities of a good computer support personQualities

Parts

Ports

Discover the major parts of the computer

Identify ports seen on a computer

OverviewOverview


Technician QualitiesTechnician Qualities

Active listening

Good, positive attitude

Active listening

Good, positive attitude

Know technical terms, but explain in easy to understand words

Know technical terms, but explain in easy to understand words

HumblenessHumbleness

A good technician…A good technician…


Beginning TermsBeginning Terms

HardwareHardware

Software Software

FirmwareFirmware

The physical components •Case, keyboard, power supply, mouse

Operating systems such as Windows 7, Red Hat Linux, Snow Leopard

A combination of hardware and software such as chips on an adapter (hardware) that contain software to control and customize the adapter or the BIOS on the motherboard.

Applications such as Adobe Acrobat and Microsoft PowerPoint


Hardware and Software InteractionHardware and Software Interaction

• Notice how the operating system communicates with hardware through the kernel and the operating system.

• Another way the operating system communicates with hardware is directly through the BIOS (which is not shown).

– This is especially important for integrated components inside the computer.


Basic Computer PartsBasic Computer Parts


Basic Laptop PartsBasic Laptop Parts


Basic Laptop PartsBasic Laptop Parts

DC power port

Media bay


Basic Motherboard PartsBasic Motherboard Parts


Other Major PartsOther Major Parts

• Motherboard– RAM– Flash memory– Expansion slots– Adapters

• Memory– RAM (Random Access

Memory)• Volatile or contents are

gone if power is removed

– ROM (Read Only Memory)

• Contents cannot be changed

– Stores less than hard drives


Basic PortsBasic Ports

DB-25 (parallel) DB-9 (serial)

DB-15 (game)

DINs are notched/keyed

D-shell connectors are shaped like the letter D turned to the right.


Video PortsVideo Ports

• DVI– Flat panel monitors,

LCDs

• S-Video– TVs, VCRs,

cameras, external video devices

• VGA– Older CRT monitors


USB PortsUSB Ports

• 127 devices on a single port• 1.0

– 1.5 and 12Mbps

• 2.0– Plus sign (+)– 480Mbps

• 3.0– SS (SuperSpeed)– 5Gbps

• Mini versions available• Converters of all types are

available


USB “mini” ConnectorsUSB “mini” Connectors

• Common on – Cameras– Digital media readers– External hard drives

• Three types– Mini-A– Mini-B– Mini-AB

Mini-B USB Connector


Parallel PortParallel Port

• Also known as a printer port

• DB-25 (25-pin) female port

• Replaced by USB

• Transmits data 8 bits at a time


Serial PortSerial Port

• Also known as a COM, RS-232, or asynchronous port

• DB-9 (9-pin) male port and an older DB-25 male port

• Replaced by USB• Transmits data 1 bit

at a time• If a serial port is needed such as

to configure a router, a USB to serial converter can be purchased.


Mouse

Keyboard

Keyboards and MiceKeyboards and Mice

• Wired– Mini-DIN or PS/2 port (not interchangeable)– USB port

• Wireless– Bluetooth– RF

• Mouse types– Mechanical (rubber ball)– Optical (LEDs)

• Keyboard types– Mechanical

• Cheaper, most common, more error-prone– Capacitive

• More complex design


Preventive MaintenancePreventive Maintenance

• Mouse – Cleaning kits– Optical: damp, lint-free cloth for the bottom– Mechanical mouse ball: clean with mild detergent, rinse, and

dry thoroughly. For rollers, lint-free cloth with alcohol; otherwise, fingernail, small screwdriver, straightened paper clip.

• Keyboard– Cleaning wipes– Compressed air– Cotton or lint-free swab between keys– Upside down shake


Wireless Input DevicesWireless Input Devices

• Infrared– Shorter distances and cheaper

• Radio– Interferences from other devices

• Troubleshooting– Battery– Line of site with infrared– Move device or transceiver– Interference– Device recognized by operating system


Other Input DevicesOther Input Devices


Sound Card PortsSound Card Ports

• Converts digital signals to sound (analog signal) and vice versa

• Can be on the motherboard or on an adapter


Sound Card PortsSound Card Ports

• Commonly have symbols that designate the purpose of the port

• Standardized colors – Orange – Center speaker or subwoofer– Black – Rear speaker– Light blue – Line in– Lime – Line out– Pink – Microphone – Gray – Side speaker


IEEE 1394 PortIEEE 1394 Port

• 63 devices can connect to a single port (using hubs)

• Speeds of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200Mbps

• Also called FireWire or i.Link

• Faster than USB

• Supports hot swapping

Click to see a laptop port

Next ►


IEEE 1394 PortIEEE 1394 Port

• 4-, 6-, and 9-pin connectors– 4-pin on consumer electronics– 6-pin on computers– 9-pin used on 800Mbps connections

• Newer standards support RJ-45 and fiber connectors

6-pin 4-pin 9-pin


Network PortsNetwork Ports

• Connects a computer to other computers, a network, which could include a server and a printer among other devices.

• Two types– Ethernet

• Most common type

• RJ-45 port

– Token Ring• Not very

common


Ethernet PortsEthernet Ports

• Most common

• Types– BNC (old)– 15-pin female D-shell (old)– RJ-45

• Connects to UTP cable


Modem PortsModem Ports

• A modem connects a computer to a phone line.– Has one or two RJ-11 ports

• A modem can be an adapter or an external device.– The adapter has two connectors for connecting the phone

cables.• Line port has a cable that goes to the phone jack on the wall.

• Phone port has a cable that connects to a telephone.

– An external modem connects to a serial port. • Phone cables use the same ports as the internal modem.


Integrated MotherboardsIntegrated Motherboards

Mouse

Keyboard

CoaxS/PDIF

OpticalS/PDIF

IEEE1394

2 USBports

Mini-IEEE1394

(FireWire)

2 USBports

RJ-45NIC

RJ-45NIC

2 USBports

2 USBports

6 audioports

Center speakerRear speakerSide speaker

Line in Line out Microphone


Gets data to the port faster than if the port was on an adapter

Saves on the number of expansion

slots needed or used

Easier to troubleshoot and support

Pros of Integrated MotherboardsPros of Integrated Motherboards


May have ports you

don’t need or want

You have to add an adapter or replace the motherboard.

What if there is not an available

slot?

The port may not be as high

a quality as an adapter

you might buy

Cons of Integrated MotherboardsCons of Integrated Motherboards


Docking StationDocking Station

• A docking station allows a laptop to be more like a desktop computer.– Commonly has connections to a monitor,

printer, keyboard, and mouse


Port ReplicatorPort Replicator

• Similar to a docking station

• Does not include any expansion slots or drive storage bays.– Attaches to the laptop and allows external

devices such as monitor, keyboard, and mouse to be connected.


Port Round-upPort Round-up


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