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Chapter 2

ATOMS, MOLECULES

AND IONS

James HillCalifornia State University, Sacramento

with contributions by Todd Austell

Give It Some ThoughtClicker Questions

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a.

A. the law of conservation of matter

B. the law of multiple proportions

C. the law of constant composition

D. the law of conservation of grams

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b.

A. The second compound must have twice as many oxygen atoms per carbon atom as the first compound.

B. The second compound must have half as many oxygen atoms per carbon atom as the first compound.

C. The second compound contains half as many carbon atoms as the first compound.

D. The first compound contains half as many carbon atoms as the second compound.

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A. particles are scattered equally across a range of deflection angles due to the high density of the foil nuclei.

B. Most particles pass through the foil without being deflected, because most of the volume of the atoms that comprise the foil is empty space.

C. Most particles are scattered at acute angles as they pass close to the foil nuclei.

D. Most particles are deflected in a backwards direction from the foil due to the high density of the foil atom nuclei.

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a.

A. Cannot determine number of electrons without additional information.

B. The atom has 30 electrons.

C. The atom has 15 electrons.

D. The atom has no electrons unless it is charged.

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b.

A. The protons reside in the nucleus of the atom.

B. The protons are evenly distributed throughout the atom.

C. The protons are dispersed with the electrons around the nucleus.

D. The protons reside in a shell just outside the nucleus.

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A. The 52.94 amu value and the 51.99 amu value represent two different isotopes of chromium.

B. The atomic weight of chromium does not depend on the atom with a mass of 52.94 amu.

C. The atomic weight of 51.99 amu is for a different isotope than the 52.94 amu mass.

D. The atomic weight of chromium (51.99 amu) is an average atomic mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of chromium.

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a.

A. C

B. Cr

C. Cl

D. Co

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© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

b.

A. 3rd period and Group 7A

B. 2nd period and Group 6A

C. 2nd period and Group 5A

D. 3rd period and Group 8A

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c.

A. 7

B. 17

C. 19

D. 35

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d.

A. metal

B. nonmetal

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a.

A. CH

B. CH3

C. CH6

D. C2H6

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b.

A. CH

B. CH3

C. C2H2

D. CH6

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c.

A. perspective model

B. visual depth model

C. ball and stick model

D. space-filling model

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A. The formula for calcium oxide is actually Ca2O.

B. The number of Ca2+ ions paired with O2– ions in a compound can vary.

C. Two Ca2+ ions can never be found in nature with an O2– ion.

D. Empirical formulas are used for ionic compounds.

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a.A. Chromium is a nonmetal and requires a Roman

numeral after its name. B. Roman numerals are optional after the metal in

ionic compounds.C. A transition element having variable oxidation

states requires a Roman numeral, whereas calcium is only a +2 ion in metal oxides and does not.

D Only transition elements with +2 and +3 ion states require Roman numerals.

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b.

A. It contains only metals.B. It is a nonmetal anion.C. It is monatomic ion of a nonmetal.D. It contains only nonmetals.

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A. All three suffixes relate to the number of oxygen atoms in an anion.

B. -ide is typically used for 1-anions, while -ate and -ite are for 2- and 3-anions respectively.

C. -ide usually means a monatomic anion and -ate and -ite signify differing numbers of oxygen atoms in oxyanions.

D. -ide, -ate, and -ite convey information about the the number of nonmetal atoms in a polyatomic anion.

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A. BO44– and SiO3

3–

B. BO33– and SiO4

4–

C. BO43– and SiO3

4–

D. BO34– and SiO4

3–

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A. Iodic acid

B. Hypoiodous acid

C. Iodous acid

D. Periodic acid

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