指導教授 : 于淑君 博士 2013 / 07 /25
DESCRIPTION
Synthesis and Characterization of Aminodipyridylphosphine Oxide Iron(II) Complexes. Catalytic Application on Microwave-Assisted Amidation of Aldehydes. 指導教授 : 于淑君 博士 2013 / 07 /25 . 學 生 : 蔡俊偉. Green Chemistry. 能源的綠色化 提升能源的效率如微波. 化學反應的綠色化 原子 經濟反應. 原料的綠色化 無毒無害的原料 可再生資源. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Aminodipyridylphosphine Oxide Iron(II)
Complexes. Catalytic Application on Microwave-Assisted Amidation of Aldehydes
指導教授 : 于淑君 博士2013 / 07 /25
學 生 : 蔡俊偉
2
Green Chemistry
化學反應的綠色化 原子經濟反應 產品的綠色化 環境友好產品
溶劑的綠色化 無毒無害的溶劑
原料的綠色化 無毒無害的原料 可再生資源
觸媒的綠色化 無毒無害的觸媒
能源的綠色化 提升能源的效率如微波
Chahbane, N.; Popescue, D., L.; Mitchell, D., A.; Chanda, A.; Lenoir, D.; Ryabov, A.D.; Schramm, K., W. and Collins, T., J. Green Chem. 2007, 9, 49–57.
3
Green Catalysts
• Solid acid catalysts– Ex, Nafion-H, SO4
2-/ZrO2 、 SO42-/TiO2, …
• HPA catalysts– H3PMo12O40, H4PW11VO40
• Zeolite catalysts– ZSM-5, X-type, Y-type
• Metal catalysts– heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis
• EnzymeSheldon, R., A.; Arends, I., W.,C., E.; and Hanefeld, U. (2007) Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim
4
Application of Green Chemistry
Sonogashira coupling
N
Cl+
Si(CH3)3
N
Si(CH3)3
time yield (%)Conventional 18 h 80
Microwave assisted 25 min 97
+ H2O2
NOHOH
OO
FeCl3. 6 H2O (5 mol%)
pyrrodlidine (10 mol%)
(10 mol%)
t-amyl alcohol/water (90/10)rt. 1 h
O
H2O
30% / 2 equiv
+
conv. 99%sel. 95%
+ H2O2
30% 3 equiv
0.5 mol %
Ru
NO
O
O
ON
N
N
t-AmOH / water (90/10)rt. 12 h
O
+ H2O
yield = 71 %
Epoxidation
物質 動物 , 途徑
Lethal Dose, 50%
(LD50)
FeCl3.6H2O 大鼠 , 口服 1872 mg/ kg
FeCl2.4H2O 大鼠 , 口服 1678 mg/ kg
RuCl 3大鼠 , 口服 210 mg/kg
Anilkumar, G.; Bhor, S.; et. al. Tetrahedron Asymm., 2005 , 16, 3536–3561
Hasan, K.; Browne, N. and Kozak,C.,M. Green Chem., 2011, 13, 1230.
5
Phosphine Ligand Phosphines are electronically and sterically tunable.
Chemical waste - water bloom
Air/water sensitive and thermally unstable.
Metal leaching.
. Expensive.
P P PPO
OO
P(Bu)3 P(OiPr)3 P(Me)3 P(o-tolyl)3
R NH
PO
NN
R = CH3 = (CH3)8OH
Kinzel, E. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1986 1098.
6
The Importance of Fe(II)
• Iron is one of the most abundant metals on earth. (5.6% of earth’s crust. 4th most abundant element after oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.
• Iron is environmentally friendly metal
• Low toxic
• In body play a important role to transport oxygen (woman 2.5g , man 4g) 60 mg/kg to iron poisoning
The Catalytic Applications of Fe(II)
Ring Opening Reactions
Kharasch Reaction
Cross-Coupling Reactions
Mukaiyama-aldol reaction
Cycloadditions[2+1]-Cycloadditions[2+2]-Cycloadditions
Acetalization
Diels-Alder Reaction
Sulfide Oxidations
Aminochlorination
Allylic Aminations
Baeyer-Villiger Reactions
Amidation Reaction
7
8
Amide Bond
R1 NR3
O
R2
Amide
R1P
NR3
O
R2
R
Phosphoramide
R1S
NR3
O
R2
O
Sulfonamide
C. A. G. N. Montalbetti, V. Falque Tetrahedron , 2005, 61, 10827–10852
+R H
OSO
ONI R N
OS
H
O
O
9
Application of Acyl Sulfonamides
HCV NS5B polymerase allosteric inhibitors
antitumor activity Navitoclax
S. Jana, F. Hof. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 3733–3741
Hepatitis C Virus Non-structural protein 5B, NS5B
Acyl Sulfonamides
10
J. Chan,* K. D. Baucom, and J. A. Murry J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, , 129, 14106-14107
J. W. W. Chang and P. W. H. Chan*, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1138-1140
J. W. W. Chang and P. W. H. Chan*,et.al. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 4894-4904
SO O
R1 NH2+ H R2
O 2 mol% Rh2(esp)2
PHI(OC(O)tBu)0 to 50 oC, IPA, 24 h
SO O
R1 NH
R2
O
Me H
Me O+ PhI=NTs
5 mol% Ru(TTP)CO
CH2Cl2, RT, 1h Me NHTs
Me O
11
Motivation Well-defined structure Iron is environmentally friendly metal Iron is less expensive than other transition metals.
- Rh2(esp)2 $ 30172 USD/mol ReagentPlus® (Aldrich) - Ru(TTP)CO $ 20740 USD/mol reagent grade (Sigma-
Aldrich) - FeCl2
.4H2O $ 148 USD/mol reagent grade (Sigma-Aldrich) Using bipyridine ligand to replace phosphine ligand in
organomatallic catalysis. Microwave to replace thermal energy
HO NH
PO
NN
12
+Degas DMF
95 oC, 6 hourN3
[P(2-py)3]
NN
N
P1ml DI water
NH
PO
NN
Mix solvent MeOH:CH3CN= 1: 5, RT, 12 hour
Cat.
NH
PO
NN Fe
NH
PO
NN FeCl2.4H2O
HNP
O
NN
Cl
Cl
2
80 %
Br 1.NaN3 , DMF/H2O
2. 50 oC / 8 hour
N3
80 %
Synthesis of 4C-Ppy2 and (4C-Ppy2)2FeCl2
IR (KBr) : py CC NC,
Ring stretching = 1590(s), 1426(s) cm-1
80 %
IR Spectra of 4C-Ppy2 and (4C-Ppy2)2FeCl2
νC - C (Py ring)
νC - N (Py ring)
Wavenumber (cm-1)pyridine ring
vibration
ν(C = N) Δν
Ln- FeCl2a 1650 → 1668 18
PdCl2(2-pmOpe)2b 1594 → 1609 15
11C-Ppy2-Cu(OTf) 1570 → 1592 22
11C-Ppy2-NiBr2 1577 → 1592 15
11C-Ppy2-Pd(OAc)2 1574 → 1586 12
11C-Ppy2-MnCl2 1574 → 1586 12b.
b. a.
NH
PO
NN Fe
HNP
O
NN
Cl
Cl
Hahn, F. E.; Langehahn, V.; Lügger, T.; Pape, T.; Le Van, D. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3759-3763.
Zerong, L.; Zhongquan, L.; Ning, M. and Biao, W. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2011, 32, 2537-3543
wavernumber
14
Iron Complexes –Catalyzed Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
entry catalytic Yield(%)a
1 FeCl2 . 4H2O 20 2 FeCl3 . 6H2O 15 3 FeCl2 + 4C-Ppy2 90 4 FeCl3 + 4C-Ppy2 76
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent = 0.67 mL, 50 oC, 3 hr
H
O
CHCl3, PhINTs, 40 oC, 3 h
O
NH
TsFe cat.5 mol %
15
AA Spectrum of [CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
NH
PO
NN Fe
HNP
O
NN
Cl
Cl 1.46710-6 mol/mg Fe
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
f(x) = 0.0344666666666667 x + 0.0557999999999995R² = 0.996640441478057
Series1Linear (Series1)
ppm 吸收度3 0.153
6 0.267
9 0.365
12 0.483
15 0.562
mol/mg Fe
1 1.679 10-6
2 1.653 10-6
3 1.589 10-6
NH
PO
NN Fe
Cl
Cl2.48710-6 mol/mg Fe
Calculated base on chemical formula
experimental AA data
16
Colorimetry of [CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
N N
1,10-Phenanthroline
Fe2+ + 3phen (phen)3Fe(II)
Visible spectrum of (phen)3Fe(II)
max = 510nm
(4C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2 (3)
mol/mg
FeCl2·4H2O
mol/mg
理論值 a 1.48 × 10-6 5.031 × 10-6
AA 實驗值 1.58 × 10-6 4.671 × 10-6
傳統比色分析 1.42× 10-6 3.783 × 10-6
二價鐵純度 b 80 % 81 %
a. Calculated base on chemical formula
b. ( 傳統比色分析 / AA 實驗值 ) × 100%Harvey, J.; Aubrey, E.; John, A. Smart, Analytical Chemistry 1955, 27, 26-29.
17
638.00 640.00 642.00 644.00 646.00 648.00 650.000.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
641.12
642.14
643.16
644.16639.16
641.14
643.16642.16
644.16
640.16
639.16
1020805_130705183651 #1236 RT: 2.52 AV:1 NL: 1.48E5T: ITMS + c ESI Full ms [150.00-2000.00]
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000m/z
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
641.52
366.53
573.21435.35379.02 491.34 1000.32938.06550.28 613.35 722.47 889.44861.35752.26 824.49
ESI-MS Spectrum of [CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
[CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2+
= 641 (m/z)
Simulated MS Data
Simulated MS Data
[CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]FeCl2+
= 366 (m/z)
Experimental MS Data
NH
PO
NN H
NPO
NNFe
Cl
Experimental MS Data
1020805_130705183651 #1236 RT: 2.52 AV:1 NL: 1.23E5T: ITMS + c ESI Full ms [150.00-2000.00]
637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647m/z
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
633.52
642.53
643.53
675.42
644.56
676.45 647.50
639.49645.61
646.55640.49
362.00 364.00 366.00 368.00 370.00 372.00 374.000.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
366.00
367.02
368.04
369.04364.04
1020805_130705183651 #755 RT: 1.69 AV:1 NL: 3.56E5T: ITMS + c ESI Full ms [150.00-2000.00]
359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374m/z
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
366.53
367.48
368.47
360.39
369.48
373.38 374.47361.42359.34 371.58
364.49
363.51 370.47362.49365.49
NH
PO
NN
FeCl
18
EPR Spectrum of [CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
g = 2.199N
N N
NM
M = FeCl2
g = 2.04 (radical)
77 k, MeOH 300 k, MeOH
Li Zhong-Fang, et al. Chinese Journal of Inoranic chemistry 2003, 19.7, 691-698.
NH
PO
NN Fe
HNP
O
NN
Cl
Cl
19
+
Degas DMF
95 oC, 6 hourHO N3
[P(2-py)3]
NN
N
P 1ml DI water
Aminodipyridylphosphine Oxide Ligand
HO NH
PO
NN
80 %
HO Br1.NaN3 / DMF
2. RT / 6 hourHO N3
93 %
Synthesis of 11C-Ppy2
Lin, Y.-Y; Tsai, S.-C.; Yu, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4920-4928.
20
Synthesis of (11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
MeOH:CH3CN= 1: 5, RT, 12 hour
Cat.
HO NH
PO
NN Fe
HO NH
PO
NN FeCl2.4H2O
OHHNP
O
NN
Cl
Cl
IR (KBr) : py CC NC, Ring stretching = 1588(s), 1425 (s) cm-1
21
3000 2500 2000 1500 10000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
B
A
L1 L1-FeCl2
IR Spectra of 11C-Ppy2 and (11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
1575cm-1
1424cm-1
1588cm-1
1426cm-1
Wavenumber
T( %
)
νC - C (Py ring)
νC - N (Py ring)
2
22
AA Spectrum of [HO(CH2)11N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
HO NH
PO
NN Fe
Cl
Cl
HO NH
PO
NN Fe OH
HNP
O
NN
Cl
Cl
1.106 10-6 mol/mg Fe
1.937 10-6 mol/mg Fe
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6f(x) = 0.0344666666666667 x + 0.0601999999999997R² = 0.993462133150962
mol/mg Fe
1 1.324 10-6
2 1.413 10-6
experimental AA data
Calculated base on chemical Formula
23
Colorimetry of [HO(CH2)11N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
N N
1,10-Phenanthroline
Fe2+ + 3phen (phen)3Fe(II)
Visible spectrum of (phen)3Fe(II)
max = 510nm
(11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2 (6)
mol/mg
FeCl2·4H2O
mol/mg
理論值 a 1.11 × 10-6 5.031 × 10-6
AA 實驗值 1.32 × 10-6 4.671 × 10-6
傳統比色分析 1.03× 10-6 3.783 × 10-6
二價鐵純度 b 78 % 81 %
a. Calculated base on chemical formula
b. ( 傳統比色分析 / AA 實驗值 ) × 100%Harvey, J.; Aubrey, E.; John, A. Smart, Analytical Chemistry 1955, 27, 26-29.
1020704_130705183651 #494-617 RT: 0.84-1.11 AV:93 NL: 6.98E6T: ITMS + c ESI Full ms [350.00-2000.00]
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000m/z
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
390.36417.31
869.34
778.51 914.03444.27 965.38577.20480.28 833.38515.20372.41 630.10 664.33 700.38 942.37728.42547.56
ESI-MS Spectrum of [HO(CH2)11N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
[HO3(CH2)11N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl+ = 869 (m/z)
24
Simulated MS Data
HO NH
PO
NN Fe OH
HNP
O
NN
Cl
Experimental MS Data
25
Optimization of Reaction Conditions
entry PhINTs(equiv.) temp. hour colvent conv.%1 2 rt 18 CH2Cl2 87%2 2 40 18 CH2Cl2 95%3 2 40 6 CH2Cl2 85%4 0.5 40 6 CH2Cl2 56%5 1.5 40 6 CH2Cl2 88%6 1.5 40 3 CH2Cl2 56%7 1.5 40 3 CHCl3 89%8 1.5 40 3 CH3CN 65%9b 1.5 40 18 CHCl3 30%10 1.5 rt 3 CHCl3 50%
[CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
+5 mol %H
O
SO
ONI N
OS
H
O
O
5 mol %
b. no cat.
26
entry solvent time (hr)
Polarity (P * ) yielda (%)
1 CHCl3 3 4.1 892 CH2Cl2 3 3.1 563 CH2Cl2 6 854 CH3CN 3 5.8 655 CH2Cl2 : Toluene = 1 : 1 3 0.5 × 3.1 + 0.5 × 2.4 246 CHCl3 : Toluene = 2 : 1 3 0.67 × 4.1 + 0.33 × 2.4 187 MeOH 3 5.1 208 DMSO 3 7.2 NA9 [Bmim]Br 3 13
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent = 0.67 mL, 40 oC, 3 hr NA = not available
Reaction Conditions ScreeningCH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
+5 mol %H
O
SO
ONI N
OS
H
O
O
P *AB=QAP *
A+QBP *B [Bmim]PF6 dipole moment 14.89 D
27
CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
+5 mol %
CHCl3, 40oC, 3hR H
OSO
ONI R N
OS
H
O
O
(4C-Ppy2)2-Fe(II) Complex –Catalyzed Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
General reaction conditions: Aldehyde (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), Catalyst (0.05 equiv.) Solvent = 0.67 mL, 40 oC, 3 h. a Yields were determined by 1H-NMR. b. PhINTs = 2 equiv. c 18 h
Summary of Fe(II) catalytic ActivityEntry Product (4C-Ppy2)2-
FeCl2
Yield(%)a
(11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
Entry Product (4C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
(11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
1 90 86 7 90 85
2 92 87 8 85 77
3 82 80 9 85 86
4 90 85 10 78 75
5 5964b
57 11 6784b
65
6 92 83 12 87 80
NH
O
Ts NH
O
Ts
NH
O
TsNH
O
F
Ts
NH
O
nn = 6
Ts NH
O
Br
Ts
NH
O
TsNH
O
Ts
NH
O
Ts NH
O
MeO
Ts
NH
O
Ts NH
O
Ts
General reaction conditions: Aldehyde (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), Catalyst (0.05 equiv.) Solvent = 0.67 mL, 40 oC, 3 h. a Yields were determined by 1H-NMR. b. PhINTs = 2.0 equiv.
29
Proposed Mechanism of Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
RNH
PO
NN
Fe N SO
O
4+
SN
IO O Ph
RNH
PO
NN
FeCl
Cl
2
NN Fe N Ts
R
OH
R H
O
Product
R NH
OTs
RNH
PO
NN
Fe
I
SN
IO O Ph
I
2+
H2O
SNH2
O O
2
2
J. W. W. Chang and P. W. H. Chan* J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 4894-4904
byproduct
30
Microwave Assisted Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
entry M.W. power
time. ( s ) solvent Yield Dielectric loss
1 300W 5min CHCl3 29% 0.432 300W 5min CHCl3 + 3drop [Bmim]
[PF6]20%
3 300W 2min DMSO No product 37.124b 300W 5min CHCl3 5%5 300W 5min CHCl3 + 1 drop DMSO 11% 0.43+37.126 600w 7min CHCl3 53%,7 600w 7min CHCl3 + 1 drop MeOH 28% 0.43+21.48 600w 7min CHCl3 + 1 drop DI
water22%, 0.43+9.89
9c 600w 7min CHCl3 67%10d 600w 7min CHCl3 87%
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent = 0.67 mL. b no cat. . c aldehyde = 0.4 mol PhINTs = 0.6 mol Fe cat. = 10 mol% solvent = 1 ml. d solvent = 0.4 mL
H
O
M.W.PhINTs
O
NH
Ts4C-Fe cat.
[Bmim][PF6] dipole moment 14.82 D
31
Optimization of Reaction Conditions under Focused Microwave
entry M.W. power
time. ( min )
aldehyde ( M) temp. (oC)
yield(%)
1 50 W 1 0.5 35 30%2 100w 1 0.5 43 40%3 150W 1 0.5 64 47%4 150W 2 0.5 63 52%5 150W 5 0.5 66 68%
150W 8 0.5 65 77%6 150W 10 0.5 70 75%7 150W 1 0.5M+1 drop BmimBr 69 76%8 150W 3 0.5M+1 drop BmimBr 83 88%9 150W 3 0.5M+2 drop BmimBr 124 67%
10 150W 5 0.5M+1 drop BmimBr 95 91%11 200W 1 0.5 66 57%
12 200W 1 0.5 M+1 drop BmimBr 110 54% 13 250W 1 0.5 62 63%
14 250W 2 0.5 68 51%a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde = 0.2 mol (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent CHCl3 = 0.4 mL .
H
O
Focus M.W.
O
NH
Ts4C-Fe cat.+ S
O
ONI
32
(4C-Ppy2)2-Fe(II) Complex Catalyzed Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde = 0.2 mol (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent CHCl3 = 0.4 mL. b PhINTs (2.0 equiv)
33
Summary of Fe(II) Catalytic Activity under Focused Microwave
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde = 0.2 mol (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent CHCl3 = 0.4 mL. b PhINTs (2.0 equiv)
Entry Product (4C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
(11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
Entry Product (4C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
(11C-Ppy2)2-FeCl2
Yield(%)a
1 90 80 7 82 73
2 93 83 8 86 72
3 76 64 9 71 63
4 86 78 10 75 75
5 54 50 11 80b 65b
6 90 80 12 84 68
NH
O
TsNH
O
Ts
NH
O
Ts NH
O
F
Ts
NH
O
nn = 6
Ts NH
O
Br
Ts
NH
O
Ts NH
O
Ts
NH
O
Ts NH
O
MeO
Ts
NH
O
Ts NH
O
Ts
SSS S S
SSS
HS(CH2)11NH
P(2-py)2
O
HAuCl4. 4H2O
2. CH3(CH2)7SH/CHCl33. NaBH4/H2O/12h
1. [CH3(CH2)7]4N+Br-/CHCl3/rt/1h
CHCl3, 65oC,16 h
N P(2-py)2
OH
S
S S S
S
N P(2-py)2O
H
NH
O(2-py)2P
SS S
N
S
S S S
SNPH
SS S
Au
Au Au
NH
O(2-py)2P
O
NPH
OCl2Fe(2-py)2
HPO
NH
PO
(2-py)2FeCl2
FeCl2.4H2O/ dry CHCl3:MeOH = 6 :1
rt / 16 hr
(2-py)2FeCl2
Cl2Fe(2-py)2
34
Synthesis of the RS-Au-L1-FeCl2
RS-Au-L1-FeCl2RS-Au-L1
Au-RSRS = CH3(CH2)7SH
35
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
B
A
Au-L1-FeCl2 Au-L1 L1
IR Spectra of L1 ,Au-L1 and Au-L1-FeCl2
1575cm-1
1585cm-1
1426cm-1
1428cm-1
1575cm-1
1422cm-1
Wavenumber
T (%
)
36
9
N P(2-py)2
OH
S
S S S
S
N P(2-py)2
O
HNH
O(2-py)2P
SS SAu
NH
O(2-py)2P
TEM Image of RS-Au-L1-FeCl2
Particle size distribution 7.32 ± 1.2 nm
N
S
S S S
SNPH
SS SAu
O
NPH
OCl2Fe(2-py)2
HPO
NH
PO
(2-py)2FeCl2
(2-py)2FeCl2
Cl2Fe(2-py)2
Particle size distribution 2.68 ± 0.3 nm
FeRS-Au-L1
Element Weight%
Atomic%
Fe 6.23 7.05Cu 70.60 70.21Au 19.67 6.31
37
H
O
CHCl3, PhINTs, 40 oC, 3 h
O
NH
TsRS-Au-L1-FeCl2
5 mol %
RS-Au-L1-FeCl2 Complex –Catalyzed Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
30 %
Particle size distribution 6.87 ± 1.4 nm
38
Summary
1.We have successfully synthesized green catalysts [4C-Ppy2]2-FeCl2 、 [ 11C-Ppy2]2-FeCl2 .Their structures were studied by IR, ESI-MS, AA, EPR spectroscopies
2.We have successfully demonstrated the catalytic activity of the Fe(II) complexes for amidation reactions of aldehyde with PhINTs.
3. The Fe(II)-catalyzed amidation reactions of aldehyde with PhINTs can be further accelerated under microwave irradiation conditions.
39
40
4C-Ppy2-FeCl2 (3) 11C-Ppy2-FeCl2 (6) FeCl2.6H2O
AA 理論值 1.48 × 10-6 mol/mg 1.11 × 10-6 mol/mg 5.031 × 10-6 mol/mg
AA 實驗值 1.58 × 10-6 mol/mg 1.32 × 10-6 mol/mg 4.671 × 10-6 mol/mg
傳統比色分析 1.42× 10-6 mol/mg 1.03× 10-6 mol/mg 3.783 × 10-6 mol/mg
二價鐵純度 a 80 % 78 % 81 %
a. ( 傳統比色分析 / AA 實驗值 ) × 100%
41
瓦數 時間 焦耳600 W 7 min 252000 5.5 倍150 W 5 min 45000 31 倍130 W 180*60 1404000 傳統加熱
620 W 300 oC 6 格呈線性1.3 格 130W 40 oC
42
(11C-Ppy2)2-Fe(II) Complex Catalyzed Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde = 0.2 mol (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent CHCl3 = 0.4 mL. b PhINTs (2.0 equiv)
43
44
表 3.12 用 [CH3(CH2)3N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2 (3) 鐵催化劑對於PhINTs 競爭反應進行 amidation 反應的催化結果
entry solvent yield (%)a byproductyield (%)a
1 thermal CHCl3 90 322 thermal CHCl3 + 1.1 mol DI water 26 823 microwave CHCl3 90 334 microwave CHCl3 + 1.1 mol DI water 10 765b thermal CHCl3 + 1.1 mol DI water NA 456c thermal CHCl3+ 1.1 mol DI water NA 80
H
O O
NH
Ts
SO
ONI
[CH3(CH2)3P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl25 mol %
SO
OH2N+
a Yields were determined by H-NMR. Reaction conditions: aldehyde = 0.2 mol (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), catalyst (0.05 equiv.), solvent CHCl3 = 0.67 mL (thermal) 0.4 mL (MW).b no Fe cat. C no aldehyde
1
45
Reproposed Mechanism of Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
J. W. W. Chang and P. W. H. Chan* J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 4894-4904
46
non classed Staudinger reaction mechanism
R N N N + Ppy
yp
ypR N N N
P pyyp
py
N
N N
P pypy
pyR
N N NP pypypy
R
N P pypypy
R
H2OOH
H+ N Ppypy
ROH
N
H O
Ppy
pyR N
H O
Ppy
pyR
py H+
47
Staudinger reaction mechanism
48
P P PPOO
O
P(Bu)3 P(OiPr)3 P(Me)3 P(o-tolyl)3
25 mL 211.5 USD
25 G 396 USD
100 mL 31.9 USD
10G 135.5USD
49
理論值 =0.0002 mol*0.05 = 0.00001mol
0.00001*55.845/15.584 × 10-4g (in 1ml )
CHCl3 (ml)Aldehyde (mol)
Temp./Time AA (mg/L)取 0.1 ml total Fe g
4C-0.2M 1 0.2 40oC/3h 4.614 4.614 × 10-4g
4C-0.3M 1 0.3 40oC/3h 6.786 6.786 × 10-4g
4C-0.2M 1 0.2 Rt. / 10 min 4.005 4.005 × 10-4g
4C-0.3M 1 0.3 Rt. / 10 min 3.779 3.779 × 10-4g
11C-0.2M 1 0.2 40oC/3h 3.560 3.560 × 10-4g
11C-0.3M 1 0.3 40oC/3h 3.615 3.615 × 10-4g
50
NaN3 / DMF
rt / 6hrBr OH N3 OH
PBr3 / ether
rt / 6hr
N3 Br
97 %
50 %
1. CS(NH2)2 / ethanol
2. reflux , 16 hr
3. NaOH / 5 min
4. HCl /20 min
HS N3
90 %
P(2-py)3
H2O / CH3CN
110 oC / 16 h
NHSH
PO
NN
47%
Synthesis of Spacer-Linker
Lin, Y.-Y; Tsai, S.-C.; Yu, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4920-4928.
L1
1H NMR Spectra of Au NPs L1 and L1-Metal
51
RS-Au-L1-FeCl2
RS-Au-L1
d4-MeOH *
9
N P(2-py)2
OH
S
S S S
S
N P(2-py)2
O
HNH
O(2-py)2P
SS SAu
NH
O(2-py)2P
Py
N-H
NHSH
PO
NN
N-H
52
物質 動物 , 途徑 Lethal Dose, 50%
(LD50)
水 大鼠 , 口服 >90,000mg/kg
甲醇 大鼠 , 口服 5,628 mg/kg
氯化鈉 大鼠 , 口服 3,000 mg/kg
維他命A 大鼠 , 口服 2,000 mg/kg
二氯化亞鐵 大鼠 , 口服 1678mg /kg
三氯化鐵 大鼠 , 口服 1872mg/ kg
釕鹽
53
[CH3(CH2)11N(H)P(O)(2-py)2]2FeCl2
+5 mol %
CHCl3, 40oC, 3hR H
OSO
ONI R N
OS
H
O
O
(11C-Ppy2)2 -FeCl2 Complex –Catalyzed Amidation Reactions of Aldehyde with PhINTs
General reaction conditions: Aldehyde (1 equiv.), PhINTs (1.5 equiv.), Catalyst (0.05 equiv.) Solvent = 0.67 mL, 40 oC, 3 h. a Yields were determined by 1H-NMR. b. PhINTs = 2.0 equiv.