© 2015, cengage learning. all rights reserved. the human body in health and disease chapter 2
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The Human Body in Health and DiseaseThe Human Body in Health and Disease
Chapter 2
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Anatomic Reference Systems
• Describe the location and functions of bodyparts using:
– Body planes– Body directions– Body cavities– Structural units
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Anatomic Reference Systems
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Anatomic Reference Systems
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Anatomic Reference Systems
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Anatomic Reference Systems
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Anatomic Reference Systems
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Anatomic Reference Systems
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Cytology
• The study of the formation, structure, andfunction of cells, including:
– Chromosomes
– DNA
– Genetics
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Cytology
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Histology
• The study of tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specificfunctions, including:
– Stem cells
– Epithelial tissues
– Connective tissues
– Muscle tissue
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Glands
• Specialized cells that secrete material usedelsewhere in the body, including:
– Exocrine glands
– Endocrine glands
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Glands
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Organ and Body Systems
• Body parts are organized into systemsaccording to function.
• Examples:– Skeletal system
– Muscular system
– Cardiovascular system
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Pathology
• The study of structural and functional changescaused by disease.
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• aden/o – gland
• adip/o – fat
• anter/o – before, front
• caud/o – lower part of body, tail
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• cephal/o
– head
• cyt/o, -cyte – cell
• end-, endo- – in, within, inside
• exo- – out of, outside, away from
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• hist/o, histi/o – tissue
• -ologist – specialist
• -ology – the science or study of
• path/o, -pathy – disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• plas/i, plas/o, -plasia – development, growth, formation
• poster/o – behind, toward the back
• -stasis, -static – control, maintenance of a constant level
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Questions to Get You ThinkingQuestions to Get You Thinking
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Question
A chromosome is larger than a gene.
True or False?
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Question
Peas have 14 pairs of chromosomes and pigeonshave 80. How many do humans have?
a. 100
b. 145
c. 46
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Question
Stem cells die after a determined life span. True or False?
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Question
A communicable disease and a contagiousdisease are the same thing. True or False