CHAPTER 2SECTION 3

THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

CALL TO ARMS 230,000 plus

served in the continental army

145,000 served in local militias

Few had military experience

REDCOAT

Referred to soldiers of the British Army because

of the red uniforms formerly worn by the majority of regiments

Militiaman

Men who fought for the United States in the

Revolutionary War served in units controlled by their state (part-time militia or regular state troops) or in

the Continental Army

GUERRILLA WARFARE• Guerrilla tactics were

first used at the Battles of Lexington and Concord

• George Washington sometimes used some sort of unconventional methods to fight the British

• Was one of the factors that helped the Americans gain independence

BATTLES OF THE NORTH

VALLEY FORGE December 1777 Shortages of food

and clothing 1/5 died of disease

and malnutrition Friedrich von

Steuben arrived; trained the army

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtb9W3mPVtE

TRENTON Christmas night

1776 Washington crossed

the Delaware River with 2,400 troops

Captured 1,400 Hessians in less than an hour

Five casualties

PRINCETON January 2nd Left fires burning Next morning attacked Cornwallis Continental Army drove them back Battle led to increased support and

moral

WASHINGTON CORNWALLIS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF-Y7s_YIAU

HOW MIGHT THE TIMING OF THE AMERICAN

ATTACK ON TRENTON HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO

ITS SUCCESS

VICTORY AT SARATOGA General John Burgoyne (British) General Horatio Gates (Colonist) Led 8,000 British soldiers to cut off New

England colonies Plan was for three British armies to

converge at Albany, New York October 17, 1777 Burgoyne surrounded

and outnumbered surrendered near Saratoga

JOHN BURGOYNE

HORATIO GATES

HELP February 6, 1778 United States and

France signed treaty of alliance Supplies, loans, troops, and navy Spain joined France a year later

WAR IN THE WEST George Rogers

Clark 1778 175 soldiers Persuaded some

Native Americans to remain neutral

Battle of Vincennes 1779

WAR AT SEA Used fewer than 100

ships Started the war with 8

ships Attacked single ships,

supply ports, and merchant ships

British navy lost nearly 200 ships

John Paul Jones: asked to surrender, responded with, “I have not yet begun to fight”

WAR IN THE SOUTH British defeated

patriots at Charleston, South Carolina May 12, 1780

British capture 5,000 August 1780, patriot

forces lost at Camden, South Carolina

British captured 3,300 out of 4,000

Lost Southern Army Francis Marion (swamp

fox) used guerrilla warfare

YORKTOWN 1781 16,000 French and

colonial forces moved to surround Cornwallis

French navy closed off Chesapeake Bay and kept the British navy from supporting Cornwallis

Cornwallis surrendered after several weeks

October 20, 1781 British troops left in defeat

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_2K7DBrkaM

THE TREATY OF PARIS

Negotiated for the United States by Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens on February 3, 1783 after Cornwallis’s surrender at Yorktown.

THE TREATY OF PARIS The most important thing the treaty

did was to recognize the independence of the United States of America.

It also marked the boundaries of the new nation.

The United States now possessed everything from the Atlantic west to the Mississippi River.

The Northern border was set at the Great Lakes and along Quebec and Nova Scotia.

A NEW UNITED STATES

VICTORY The victory left America with a foreign

debt. $11,710,379 (Foreign)$65 Million (domestic)

CREATE A VENN DIAGRAM DESCRIBING THE

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

THE BRITISH AND COLONIST’S MILITARIES