שאלות פתורות בכימיה 2
DESCRIPTION
שאלות פתורות בכימיה 2TRANSCRIPT
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47196
:
" .
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.9 %09 . . 93.9 ytina nortcele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 014.9 ygrene noitazinoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 011.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 012.01 REPES V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6131 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8171 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.71 )( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0291 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3202 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0322 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3332 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5342 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
1
-
52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7362 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8372 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9382 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0492 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
1
30.0g
lm5 ro
g
L
30.0g
lm
lm0001
L
03 =g
L
. 3001
m0101 = 13mc1 = lm1 lmg 1 =
3001(
m0101(3)
mc001
m
(3)g1
lm
)g2201 =
" sm043 = V
= ces0063 = ruoh1
(ces0063
rh1
)
043m
s
(s0063
rh1
()mk1
m0001
)4221 =
mk
h
1.1
301 3.0 + 601 4.0
x = N01gol N = x01
3 = 000101gol
2
-
0 = 101gol
nl = egol
ygol +xgol = )yx(gol
(golx
yygol )x(gol = )
)x(goly = y)x(gol
2.1 5
gk061.17 gk181.17 gk341.17 gk531.17 gk251.17
, 1.17
, . :
1. 02. 4.3017
3. 301 4.5 = 4500.04. 201 1 gid gis1 001 0.001
0.001 gid gis4.001 gid gis3 .001
s301 050.8 4 hmk 201 5.1 = hmk051 2
, , 4
5 .
311.13 = 310.1 0.81 1.21
1.13
.
301 50.1531.6
401 5117.1 =
3 401 17.1
3
-
3.1
= F2q1qk2r
2c2mN901 99.8 = k
c9101 6.1 = 1qc9101 6.1 = 2q
51
= F2C12q 2c2mN901 99.82)mc001m1 ( 2mc51
= F 2c2mN801 99.8
2c 2)9101 6.1(2m4011 251
1102.11.01:
2
aXz
x .z: ' +p = z
a: 0n + +p = a
.
3
g4201 45066.1 = uma1+pm 0nm uma1
21mc 6
uma21 = )uma(
lom1 3201 220.6 = aN
4
-
g1 = 3201 220.6 g3201 45066.1 uma1 ) lomg (wm
5.4 n
660.23 = swmg
lomsn sm
)g(sm
(s1wm
lom
g
))lom(sN =
1 g5.4lomg 660.23
lom41.0 = lom341.0 =
mota# sNsmota#aN lom41.0
lomsmota# =
1 3201 220.6 lom41.0lom
smota2201 4.8 =
lom57.0 ?
uAm uAN791769.691 = uAwm uA 97
g
lom
769.691(lomng
lom)g(m = )
g 769.691 lom57.0lom
g051 = 52527.741 =
iN, ?
396.85 = iNwmg
lomg001 = uAm
g05 = iNm
)g(m
(1wm
lom
g
))lom(n =
= uAng001
lomg 796.691lom5.0 =
= iNng05
lomg 396.85lom9.0 =
459.51 = Hwm2 + owm = o2Hwmg
lomg 800.1 2 +
lom50.81 =
g
lom
5
-
4 n .
nE
= nEB2n
J8101 971.2 = B:
3 = n?
B = 1E 3E = laitiniE lanifE = E(
1
231
21
)=
8
9J8101 739.1 = B
: J8101 169.1 ?
B = J8101 169.1 = E(
1
2n1 )
J8101 269.1B
=1
2n01 269.1 1 1
J81B
=1
2n161.3 = n 099.9 = 2n 1001.0 =
,
5
1. n: . .
2. l: . 0 ,1 ,...1 n: 0 : s 1 : p 2 : d 3 : f
3. lm: , : l ,1l... ,0 ,... ,1+l,l = lm p = 1 = l zp ,yp ,xp ro 1 ,0 ,1 = lm
4. sm: 21 = sm 3 = n
3 = n
2 ,1 ,0 = l
lm l n0 0 31 1 30 1 31 1 32 2 31 2 30 2 31 2 32 2 3
6
-
3 = n 81 n
n 2n2
6 ' n
s2 ,yp2 ,xp2 , 2zd3
s2 ,yp2 ,xp2 " l n.
7 1. .
2. )( .
3. .
P51
7
-
E
p3
s3
p2
s2s1
3p32s36p22s22s1 : P
3p32s3]eN[ : P
8 1. .
2.
3
6p32s3]eN[ : 3 P
2p32s3]eN[ : +P
1.8 1.
2.
s p . ?
uC92
8
-
E
d3 s4
p3 s3
p2
s2s1
s4 d3
d3]rA[ : uC921s401
9 n
1.9
Z
)e eroc#( Z = ffeZ
1. .
2.
ffeZ ) (
2.9 %09 , :
1.
2. ) (
F ,eB,aN
1 = ffeZ3 = n : aN
2 = ffeZ2 = n : eB
7 = ffeZ2 = n : F
aN eB F.eB .
9
-
3.9 ytina nortcele
A e +A
.
1. ffeZ .
2.
4.9 ygrene noitazinoi
e + +A A
. ffeZ
1.
2.
:
F + +O Fdna Oro
+F + O Fdna O
01 1.
2. REPES V
3.
4. .
1.01 NC
1. : 1+5+4 = 01
2. ,
N C
01
-
3.
4.
C :..
N..
:
5. ,
C :: N
6.
sdnob# egnidnobnon# eecnelav# = CF1 = 3 2 4 = )C(CF0 = 3 2 5 = )N(CF
1
7.
2.01 REPES V1. ,
2 2. ,
) ( pi
ps
C p p2
ps s2
N p p2
ps s2
ps p
11
-
3.01 1.
C : C : N
C .
2.
C C H +H+ N
N
42OS
1. 23 = 2 + 42 + 6 : elav
2. S 5
3. 1 = 1 6 6 = )O(CF 2 = 4 0 6 = )S(CF
21
-
, S d
. O
S 4 .
3ps4 , 4 3 3 2ps 3 ) p d
pi( 43ps
:
) ( ?
. .
OOC3HC
42
31
-
1 = CF
3 2ps3 p .
021 09 ?
.
11
3OS 2O+ 2OS .
1. .
2. , .
3. . ) 2H2O (
4. .
3OS 2O+ 2OS+ 2OS
1
23OS 2O
2etorwew
2 OSsdnob tnelevoc etirw tndid ewsmota ynamwoh
3OS2 2O+
41
-
4OP3H O2H+ 01O4P4OP3H4 O2H+ 01O4P4OP3H4 O2H6 + 01O4P
3ONaN+ 4OSbP 4OS2aN+ 2)3ON(bP3ONaN2 + 4OSbP 4OS2aN+ 2)3ON(bP
2OS + 3O2eF 2SeF + 2O 42 2SeF 2O, 3O2eF ?
3O2eFlom# 2SeFm2OS8 + 3O2eF2 2SeF4 + 2O11
eFwm+ swm2 = 2SeFwm
2SeFm = 3O2eFlom#
(1
2SeFwm
)2SeF(lom
g
()2
4
)3O2eF(lom
)2SeF(lom
)g0.42 =
1
779.911)2SeF(lom
g1
2)3O2eF(lom )2SeF(lom
)3O2eF(lom001.0 =
2 2O
)g(2Om )3O2eF(lom#)3O2eF(lom# = )g(2Om
(11
2
)2O(lom
)3O2eF(lom
)2Owm
(g
)2O(lom
) ))3O2eF(lom( 001.0 =
(11
2
)2O(lom
)3O2eF(lom
)899.13
(g
)2O(lom
)g6.71 =
3 ?
g6.14 = g6.71 + g0.42
01g gM gM
2O OgM 2F 2FgM 32.6 , 2FgM?
)2FgM(lom 2FgMm= )2FgM(lom
2FgMm2FgMwm
(glom
32.6 = )203.26
lom001.0 =
, gM ?
51
-
OgM 2O+ gMOgM2 2O+ gM22O+ 2FgM 2F + OgM
2O+ 2FgM2 2F2 + OgM2)gM( lom# )2FgM( lom#
)2FgM( lom# = )gM( lom#(
2
2
)OgM( lom
)2FgM( lom
)(
2
2
)gM( lom
)OgM( lom
))gM( lom001.0 =
3, 01 .
= %tw)g(gMm
latotm001
)g(gmm )gM(lom#)gM(lom# = )g(gmm
(gMwm
g
lom
)g34.2 =
= %tw3.42
01%3.42 = 001
21 .
5H2C 01H4C .
31 .
O,H,C , %38.85C
H %8.9 O %73.13 ? 001 .
= C)g(38.85
lomg 110.21894.2 = 169.1/898.4 lom898.4 =
= O)g(73.13
lomg 999.511 = 169.1/169.1 lom169.1 =
= Hg08.9
lomg 800.189.4 = 169.1/27.9 lom27.9 =
: 2O01H5C lomg 662.402 .
celomwmpmewm
=lomg 662.402lomg 331.201
2 =
61
-
4O02H01C ) 2OC + O2H(
2OC + O2H 2O+ 4O02H01C2OC01 + O2H01 2O31 + 4O02H01C
g8.3 g7.8 , .
ON 2ON O2N 3O2N
= Ng8.3
lomg 700.4172.0 72.0 =
72.01 =
= Og7.8
lomg 999.5145.0 45.0 =
72.02 =
2ON
41 : 8H3C
1. 2. 054 2 .
3.
)g(O2H+ )g(2OC )g(2O+ )g(8H3C)g(O2H4 + )g(2OC3 )g(2O5 + )g(8H3C
1 g054 = ))g(8H3C(lom#1.44
lom
glom2.01 =
5 lom2.01 = )2O(lom#1
lom
lom)2O(lom15 =
15 , 15
1 2 g0002 = 2Olom#4999.51
lom
glom5.26 =
)8H3C(lom# = )g(O2Hm4
1
)O2H( lom
lom= g)O2H(wm
g437 = 0.81 4 g4.01 =
= )2O(wm )lom# lom#( = 2Ormg863 = 0.23 )0.15 5.26( =
71
-
51 : 808
2OC
= %dleiydleiy laer
dleiy yroeht001
)8H3C(lom# = 2OCm3
1
lom
lom= 0.44 3 2.04 = )2OC(wm
= dleiy%g808
%06 = 001 0.44 3 2.04
61
= M1lom1
L1
c
: lm042 g02.4 ? 11O22H21C
)qa(11O22H21C )s(11O22H21C
= )11O22H21C(cglom wm1 )g(m
)puc( V= l
glom 2.2431 g2.4L042.0
1150.0 =lom
LMm1.15 = M1150.0 =
M73.0 )Lm033(?
= snoops#)puc ragus(m
)noops regus(m=puc regusC
(lomL
)lomg ( raguswm )L(pucV ))noops regus(m
=lomg 2.243 L33.0 Llom73.0
g02.4snoops01 =
niV niC = nifV nifC )lom#(nin = )lom#(nifnL33.0 M73.0 = nifV L33.0 M73.0 = nifV M1150.0
M1150.0L83.2 =
L1.2 = niV nifV = ddaV
81
-
71 1.71
" .
.
.
)s(lCaN)qa(lC + )qa(+aN )l(O2H
)4OS( 2+3lA
23)4OS(2lA )s(3
)s(3)4OS(2lA42OS3 + +3lA2 )l(O2H
:
1. 3ON
)s(3ONgA+ )s(rBaN)qa(3ON+ )qa(+gA+ )qa(rB+ )qa(+aN )l(O2H
) (
)qa(3ON+ )qa(+aN+ )s(rBgA
2.71 )(
aB+ )s(lCH)s(2)HO(+2
)qa(lC + )qa(+2aB+ )l(O2H lO2HaB+ )s(lCH2
)s(2)HO(+2)qa(lC2 + )qa(+2aB+ )l(O2H2 lO2H
:
)s(3lCeF + )s(HOK)qa(lC3 + +3eF + )qa(HO+ )qa(+K lO2H
)qa(lC3 + )qa(+K3 + 3)HO(eF )s(3lCeF + )s(HOK3
)l(4OP3H+ )s(2)HO( aB43OP + )qa(+2aB+ )l(O2H lO2H
)s(2)4OP( 3aB+ )l(O2H6 )l(4OP3H2 + )s(2)HO( aB3
g412.43 2)4OS(2lA 1 .
2)4OS(2lA)qa(2)4OS(3 + )qa(+3lA2 lO2H
= )M(+3lAClAlom 12 wm1 tlasm
+3
tlaslom
L1M2.0 =
42OSC+3lAC =
(3
2
) 42OS(lom)+3lA(lom
)M3.0 =
91
-
81
6H2C )s(2H+ )s(4H2C qeK=
= qeKrazot zukir
mivigam zukir
1M99.0 = qeK M533.0
M625.0 ? :
1.
2.
3. Q
4. ECI
5.
)g(6H2C )g(2H+ )g(4H2C
= Q]6H2C[
]2H[]4H2C[0 =
,
0 M625.0 M533.0 Ix+ x x CM890.0 = x M824.0 = x 625.0 M732.0 = x M533.0 E
= qeK]6H2C[
]2H[]4H2C[=
Mx
M99.0 = 2M)x 625.0( )x 533.0(= 1
=Mx
= 2x +x625.0 x533.0 625.0 533.0x
99.0 = 671.0 +x168.0 2x71.0 +x9.1 2x99.0 = 0 M890.0 ,M8.1 = 21x
M890.0 = x 890.0 = 6H2C M824.0 = 2H M732.0 = 4H2C
, 4.13 = qeK 02
02 ?
)g(2H+ )g(2OC )g(O2H+ )g(OC
qeK = Vlom = C
02
-
= qeK]2OC[]2H[
]O2H[]OC[=
)2H(ntotV
totV)2OC(n )OC(ntotv
totv)O2H(n
)g(2H+ )g(2OC )g(O2H+ )g(OC
= OCn IOCm= O2Hn lom417.0 = OCwm
)O2H(m)O2H(wm
lom011.1 =
x+ x+ x x Clom386.0 == lomx lom386.0 = lomx lom724.0 = lomx 011.1 lom130.0 = lomx 417.0 E
= qek2OCn 2Hn= OCn O2Hn
2x
4.13 = )x 011.1( )x 417.0(
0 = 88.42 +x3.75 2x4.03M386.0 ,M02.1 = 21x
M386.0 = x
g967.0 g600.3 2OC
?
n = 2OC(nqe2OC
+2Ocm2OCwm
lom3860.0 + lom386.0 =
O2H(n+ O2Hqen = )
O2HmO2Hwm
lom7240.0 + lom724.0 =
Q
= Q)2H(n )2OC( n= )O2H(n )OC(n
)lom3860.0 + lom386.0( 386.0= )7240.0 + 724.0( 130.0
)386.0( 1.1 386.0qeK = )724.0( 1.1 130.0
1. Q > qeK
2. Q < qeK
3. Q = qeK
M301 72.1 = qeK
003
)g(O2H )l(O2H
12
-
M301 72.1 = ])g(O2H[ = qeK
0 = Q
= qeK)g(O2HqentotV
totV qeK = )g(O2Hqen
n = )l(O2Hnlaitini= )g(O2Hqen O2H
O2Hnim)O2H(wm
totV qeKdlroweht fo
0 =
0
gk3 L001
n = )l(O2Hnlaitini= )g(O2Hqen O2H
O2Hnim)O2H(wm
g0003 = totV qeKlomg 0.81
lom35.661 = L001 M301 72.1
)g(2H3 + )g(2H2C )g(4HC2
)g(2H3 + )g(OC )g(2H+ )g(4HC012.1 = qeK
2M52
M201 11.1 = qeK )g(O2H2 + )g(OC4 )g(2O3 + )g(2H2C2+ 2H
1
21M0401 1.1 = qeK O2H 2O
= qeK )g(2H6 + )g(OC2 O)g(2H2 + )g(4HC2(2)2M5201 2.1
1 2 1 2
+ )g(2H2C )g(O2H+ )g(OC23
2= qeK)g(2O
(21 )M201 11.1
3
+ 2H33
2= qeK O2H3 2O
(3)1M0401 1.1
22
-
+ 2H33
2+ )g(2H2C+ )g(2H6 + )g(OC2 +O2H3 )g(O2H+ )g(OC2 +O)g(2H2 + )g(4HC2 + 2O
3
2)g(2O
2H2C + 2H3 4HC2
K = qeK2K 1
12
33K 2
91 1
3HN 3OCH ? qeK 52.01=aKp 47.4 = bKp
OCH+ )qa(3HNHN )qa(3
+OC + 4
23
.aKp
gol = aKp(OCH(aK
)32OC + +O3H )l(O2H+ )qa(3OCH )
HO+ 4+HN O2H+ 3HN ))3HN(bk(gol = bKp
.
OC O2H2 + )qa(3HN+ )qa(3OCH2HN+ )qa(3
+O3H+ )qa(4
+HO+ )qa(
)qa(
O3H+ )qa(HO )l(O2H2+01 = wK = )qa(
41
w1K
= w1K bK aK = qeKbKaKwK
= qeK47.401 52.0101
410101.0 =
? , 0901
.
2 Hp Mm2 HOOClC2HC
Hp gol +O3H HOp gol HO .
M301 4.1 = )HOOClC2HC(aK
32
-
O3H+ )qa(OOClC2HC )l(O2H+ )qa(HOOClC2HC+)qa(
ECI
0 701 0 M00200.0 Ix+ x+ x Cx+ x+ x 301 2 E
= aK2x
01 4.1 = )x 301 2(M3
?
. ?
]egnahc[
]dica[50.0
. 301 2
= aK2x
01 4.1 = )301 2(301 76.1 = x 301 2 301 4.1 = 2x M3
301 76.150.0 > 301 2
.
= aK2x
01 4.1 = )x 301 2(0 = 601 8.2 x301 4.1 + 2x M3
M301 1.1 ,M301 5.2 = 21x
M301 1.1 .
69.2 = )301 1.1(gol = Hp
3 Hp M1 )s(aN3OCH M1
)qa(3OC2H Hp 1 M 3OC2H?
701 4.4 = )3OC2H(aK ,
42
-
)s(aN3OCH)qa(+aN+ )qa(3OCH O2H
+O3H+ 3OCH O2H+ 3OC2H
3OCH 3OC2H .
1 1 .
0 701 M1 M1 Ix x x Cx x + 1 x 1 E
Q
= QM1701
M1aK < Q M701 =
x)x + 1(
01 4.4 = x 17
701
x)1(
1x = 701 4.4 =
701 M1 M1 I
x x x C701 +x x + 1 x 1 E
M701 4.3 = x M701 4.4 = x + 701 701 4.4635.6 = )701 4.4(gol = Hp
Hp ECI 0 ) (
0 701 0 M1 Ix x x Cx x x 1 E
2x
01 4.4 = x 1= x 7
401 6.6 = 701 4.4
31.3 )401 6.6(gol = Hp
4 Hp L1 HOOC7H3C M21 501 5.1 = aK
52
-
1. 20.0 )s(HOaN ) (
2. 20.0 )g(lCH ) ( I
ECI
HOaN)qa(HO+ +aN O2H
HO+ )qa(HOOC7H3C)qa(O2H+ )qa(OO7H3C )qa(
HO
FCI
0 lom20.0 lom5.0 = L1 M5.0 Ilom20.0+ lom20.0 lom20.0 Clom20.0 0 lom84.0 = 20.0 5.0 F
O3H+ )qa(OOC7H3C )l(O2H+ )qa(HOOC7H3C+)qa(
ECI
0 701 20.0 M84.0 Ix+ x+ x Cx x + 20.0 x 84.0 E
Q
= QM20.0 701
84.0aK < 701 1.4 =
= aKx)x + 20.0(
01 5.1 = x 84.05
20.0
= aKx)20.0(
84.0M401 6.3 = x 501 5.1 =
44.3 = )401 6.3(gol = Hp
. Hp
)qa(lC + )qa(+O3H O2H+ lCH 20.0
ECI
01 + lom20.0 0 M21 I20.0 7
x+ x+ x Cx + 20.0 x x 5.0 E
62
-
= aKx)x + 20.0(
01 5.1 = x 5.0M5
= aKx)20.0(
5.0401 57.3 = x M501 5.1 =
76.1 = )401 57.3 + 20.0(gol = Hp 401 57.3 + 20.0 H.H Hp
.
gol + aKp = Hp
(]A[]AH[
)tini
gol + bKp = HOp
(]+HB[
]B[
)tini
.
< 1.0]A[]HA[
01 H .
.
63
-
S2gA gA 2O S2H
, ?, " Jk5.595 = H
+ )s(gA1
2+ )g(S2H
1
41 2O
2+ )s(S2gA
1
2)l(O2H
, 5.3 S2gA
.
gA2)+(S 2
)2(H2 + )s(
)+(O 2
)2()g()2(S 2)1+(H2 + )g(2)0(O+ )s(gA4 )l(
,
.
2H 4 = 1H= 2H
5.5954
Jk5.841 =
4 .
. 7
lom5.3 = S2gAlom5.3H2H
lom5.0Jk2401 =
2
6H2C 4H+ 4H2C
Jk7.0141 = 1H O2H2 + 2OC2 2O3 + 4H2CJk4.9113 = 2H O2H6 + 2OC4 2O7 + 6H2C2
Jk6.175 = 3H O2H2 2O+ 2H2
1 1H = rH2
+ 2H1
2Jk731 = 3H
52
)892 1 (
+ )g(2H1
2)l(O2H )g(2O
73
-
.
8.582 = foHJk
lom
)g(2O )g(2O0 = foH
0
j,f0H jntcaer=j i,f0H insecudorp=i = rH
)g(4OC
8.47 = )g(4HC,f0HJk
lom
5.393 = )g(2OC,f0HJk
lom
8.582 = )l(O2H,f0HJk
lom
)l(O2H2 + )g(2OC )g(2O2 + )g(4HC
Jk3.098 = 4HC,fH O2H,fH2 + 2OCfH = rH
'
J81.4 = lac1
Jk3.098 = rH(
lack1
Jk81.4
)lack8.212 =
62 ] J[ = q .
= Cq
T
[J
oc
]
83
-
T '.
= SC
m=
q
m T
g4.27 co001 g001 co01
?
944.0 = eFSJgco
81.4 = O2HSJgco
T = feFTO2Hf
O2Hq = eFq0 = O2Hq+ eFq
) iO2HT fT(O2Hm)O2H(S = ) ieFT fT(eFm)eF(S = eFq5.61 = fT
c0
g4851.0 ) (
co45.2 . gJk24.62 = rq
cq = rq
q = olacC T C = qr
T=
g4851.0 gJk24.6245.2
56.1 =Jkco
g312.0 co52.3
' .
Jk56.1 = T C = qcoJk53.5 = co52.3
Jk53.5 = rqg312.0
Jk61.52 =g
72
93
-
) (e. ) ( e .
.
?
1. \ 2. )
(
:
O2rC + )qa(rB62H41 + )qa(7
+)l(2rB3 + )l(O2H7 + )qa(+3rC2 )qa(
e6 + )l(2rB3 )qa(rB6
.
O2rC2H41 + )qa(7
+e6 + )qa(
)l(O2H7 + )qa(+3rC2
, " tP Tp
rB rB 72O2rC +3rC
82 0E V
0E
e .
04
-
e2 + +H2 2H : o52 M1.
:
. .
E = llec0E0adona0E adotak
.0EO2rC
27
V033.1 =
V560.1 = 2rB0E
V562.0 = V)560.1 033.1( = llec0E
0E . 0 > llec0E
0 < llec0E .
)s(tP|)qa(+3rC ,)qa(72O2rC||)l(2rB|)qa(rB|)s(tP
, .
.
= llec0Elom V2950.0
)lom(n)qeK(gol
01 = qeKllec0En2950.0
n 6
01 = qeK562.066201 8 = 2950.0
?
E = llecE0 llec
2950.0
nQgol
Q ) ( .
. .
M1.0 = ]+3rC[M4.0 = ] 72O2rC[ M100.0 = ]rB[ 5.4 = Hp
14
-
O2rC + )qa(rB62H41 + )qa(7
+)l(2rB3 + )l(O2H7 + )qa(+3rC2 )qa(
= Q2]+3rC[
41]+H[] 72O2rC[6]rB[9701 5.2 =
+H Hp qeE > Q . .
2950.0 V562.0 = llecE6
V815.0 = )9701 5.2(gol
.
]+H[ 41
2 .
:
)s(tP|)qa(lC|)g(2lC||)qa(4OlC|)g(2lC|)S(tP
lC + O2H8)0(e41 + )qa(+H61 + 4)2(O)+7(lC2 2
e2 + )g(2lC)qa(lC2
7
)qa(+H61 + 4)2(O)+7(lC2 + )qa(lC41 )g(2lC8 + O2H8 llec0E
V430.0 = llec0EV853.1 = lClc0E
E = llec0E04OlC0E lClc0E = adona0E adotak
E = 4OlC0E0V293.1 = llec0E lClc
. .
= Q] 4OlC[61]+H[41]lC[
2
8]2lC[qeK =
= Q2]1[61]+H[41]1[
8]1[qeK =
24
-
1 1
01 = qeK = 61]+H[41llec0E901 1.9 = 2950.0
M413.0 = ]+H[
+H M413.0
92 :
M401 0.7 M201 5.2
V5.1 = +2uAuA0E ?
:
e2 + )qa(+2uA )s(uA
:
e2 + )qa(+2uA)s(uA
. .
uA+ )s(NAuATAC+2uA )qa(
TACuA+ )s(
NA+2)qa(
K
= K]ADONA[
]ADOTAC[
, Q . n 2.
E = llecE0 llec
2950.0
20 > Qgol
E = llec0E00 = 5.1 5.1 = adotac0E adona
llecE 0 Qgol
= QM401 0.7M201 5.2
Qgol M401 0.7 = ]+2uA[
M201 5.2 = ]+2uA[ llecE V130.0
34
-
lA +2lAllecE .
. V5.1?
2950.02x (gol
V5.1 = ) M201 5.201 = x
V5.12M3501 3.5 = M201 5.2 2950.0
) V1(
.
03 :
: .
: :
: . .
44
-
)4HN(+
)OOC6H5C(
:
. :
. D
8H3C
) ( : .
: ) ? (
: B
CiS
: ) (
E
oC
. )
( A
3HCOC3HC
: : )
( ) (
) ( F
HOOC3HC
: :
54
-
) ( ) (
C
13 ' .
.
C
A B .
D ) (
E
64