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qarTvelobis gadasarCenad
# 9 (79) 7 aprili 2009 s a x alxo mo Zr ao b a “ “s a m e gr elos “ org a no 5 0 T eTri
9-10
amis
dakargvis,
an
daviwyebis
ufleba
arc russa
aqvs da arc
qarTvels!
samegrelos
saamayo
Svilebi
istoriuli masalebi
nawyvetebi v.veliCkos
wignidan "kavkasia"
mafalu aris jgu-
fi, romelic cdilobs
zepir gadmocemaTa
legendebiT da sx-
vagvar salarod poezi-
is Sevsebas mecniere-
bisaTvis da es cil-
iswameba, romelic mi-
aweres am jgufs sru-
liad usafuZvlod
sinamdvilis gadaWar-
bebiT gaugiaT.
m a f a l u
xsovnis striqonebi
nawyvetebs megrul enaze Seqmnili istoriuli poemidan “bu-laTia”, romlis avtori gaxlavT Tavdadebuli mamuliSvili
da WeSmariti poeti daniel pavles Ze fifia, gTavazobTgazeT “ilorSi”. 113-e weli ileva poetis dabadebidan. igi 28wlis asakSi Seiwira politikurma uamindobam _ samSoblossiyvaruliT gamsWvaluli gulanTebuli patrioti 1924 wlis
TebervalSi daapatimres imis gamo, rom saqarTvelosdemokratiuli respublikis arsebobis dros iyo zugdidissamazro komitetis pasuxismgebeli propagandisti. dapatim-
rebisas daniel fifia Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis mesame kursze swavlobda.
8
akaki xorava
samegrelo
1990-ian
wlebSi
daviT qobalia
4
6
5
redaqtoris gverdi
S i S i
gazeTi “ilori”
aqveynebs werilebis
cikls, romelic
asaxavs fexburTSi
msoflio
Cempionatebis
finalur bataliebs.
12
2
3ra scenariTecdebaxelisufleba9 aprilis aqciebisganeitralebas
vin da ratom
ebrZvis
patriarqs? 7
“urwmuno
adamiani
martoobisas
mxolod
sikvdilze
fiqrobs... ”
11
2 ilorimarTlac didi Zala hqonia SiSs,
ufro sworad _ didi Tvalebi!
omaxianad iyvnen, vidre xalxis
aSkara risxvas waawydebodnen, poli-
tikuri TamaSebi xalxTan TamaSad
gadaaqcies, rac SeiZleba Zalian Zvi-
rad daujdeT “nacionalebsa” da maT
liders.
yovelgvari resursi amoewura
xelisuflebas, saqurdavic araferi
darCaT da didi siamovnebiT wavi-
dodnen xelisuflebidan, magram Tavisi
garemocvis tyved qceuli prezidenti
verasodes gadadgams aseT nabijs,
radgan upirvelesad is garemocva
mouRebs bolos, romelic prezidentSi
naqurdal-naoxralis SerCenis er-
TaderT garants xedavs.
amitom, saakaSvilisagan Tundac io-
tisodena politikuri daTmoba mas
SeiZleba Zvirad daujdes.
amitom, erTmaneTs SiSiT Sescqerian
prezidenti da misi garemocva _ gage-
baSi ar arian, Tu pirvelad vin vis
uRalatebs da Tavis gadasarCenad
qveynidan gadaixveweba.
rogorc eqimebi a,tkiceben, SiSis el-
dam Turme kuWis aSla icis. albaT
amitomac gaxda Zneli saSovni afTi-
aqebSi kuWis aSlilobis uebari wa-
mali _ leomicetini.
xumroba iqiT iyos da, xelisu-
flebis did Tu patara warmomadgen-
lebs aSkarad etyobaT SiSis zafra,
radgan yoveli maTi satelevizio
gamosvla Tu sxvadasxva donis fi-
arkampania faqtiurad Tavis marTle-
baa da xalxisadmi Txovna, rom kidev
miscen dro mdgomareobis gamosas-
woreblad. Tumca, ukve eqvsi weliwadi
gailia “vardebis revoluciis” gziT
maTi xelisuflebaSi mosvlis dRidan
da xalxisa da qveynisaTvis sasarge-
blo da xelsayreli araferi gakeTe-
bula.
pensiebi gavzardeTo! _ gaiZaxian
“nacebi”.
ki batono, pensiebi da Semweobebi 20-
30 procentiT gazardes, magram mini-
maluri samomxmareblo kalaTis Rire-
buleba rom TiTqmis 80 procentiT
gaizarda, amaze krints ar sZraven.
xalxi jer kidev Cumadaa, radgan
moTminebis fiala sabolood ar avse-
bia. TviTkmayofili “nacmoebi” ki
Tvlian, rom sazogadoeba verafers xe-
davs da Zveleburi SemarTebiT
agrZeleben qveynis yvlefa-gaCanagebas.
Tumca, xelisufalT xalxis siCumisac
eSiniaT, amitom, ganrisxebuli Tanamo-
qalaqeebisagan Tavi dasacavad rom ve-
raferi moifiqres, saqarTvelos par-
lamentis Senobis pirveli da meore
sarTulis fanjrebs rkinis cxaureb-
Si svamen, aqaoda, aRelvebuli xalxi
parlamentSi ar Semogvicvivdes da ar
gagvrekono.
ician, rom Zalovnebi kvlavindebu-
rad aRar aRmarTaven xels ganrisxe-
bul adamianebze da axla rac Sei-
Zleba Rrma soroebs Txrian sakuTari
ubadruki saxelisuflebo yofis
gasaxangrZliveblad. upirvelesad,
Tanamoqalaqeebs sTxoven qveyanaSi
politikuri stabilurobis dacvas.
saqarTvelos samarcxvino xelisu-
flebis mentalitetidan gamomdinare,
xalxisadmi simSvidisaken mowodeba
aseT JReradobas iZens: “me mogparav da
gagaRatakeb, Sen ki xma ar amoiRo,
Toren qveyana airevao!”.
magram, rogorc Cveni didi winapari
ambobda, “SiSi ver ixsnia sikvdilsa...”
sikvdilis SiSi (ara aqvs mniSvnelo-
ba _ politikuri Tu fiziologiuri)
ar asvenebs xelisufals Sin da gareT.
amitom, qveynis pirveli piris pirad us-
afrTxoebas sakmaod didi SeiaraRebu-
li qvedanayofi icavs. is dro
maxsendeba, roca saqarTvelos kom-
partiis cekas pirveli mdivani vasil
mJavanaZe fexiT dadioda samsaxurSi
yovelgvari dacvis gareSe da mowi-
webiT esalmeboda Semxvedr adamianebs.
Semdeg, roca saqarTvelos Tavze
wamoaskupda saakaSvilis sulieri mama
da politikuri orientiri eduard Se-
vardnaZe, man icoda rom, rogorc
politikuri figura arafers ar war-
moadgenda da dacvis specialuri
korteJi ramdenime manqanamde gazarda,
riTac xalxs imis iluzia Seuqmna, rom
raxan SevardnaZes ase gaZlierebulad
icaven, saWiro da aucilebeli kaciao.
dResac am inerciiT modis sax-
elmwifo aparati _ rac ufro meti
xalxi gicavs, miT ufro sWirdebi
qveyanas. magram, is aRar axsendebaT, rom
joxs ori bolo aqvs da xalxmravali
dacva meorenairi logikiT imas niSnavs,
rom didad miuRebeli da sazizRari
pirovneba xar qarTveli xalxis Tval-
Si da aRelvebulma adamianebma sadme
rom ar migasrison, amitomac gWirdeba
amdeni SeiaraRebuli damcveli.
axla ki, aRar ician romel kedels
ecnen, da xalxis mosalodnel risxvas
xan ruseTis politikas miusadageben
xolme _ aqaoda, ruseTma uari Tqva
saqarTvelos samxedro intervenci-
aze da axla cdilobs, rom Sidasax-
elmwifoebrivi ryevebis meSveobiT
gamocvalos xelisuflebao. is ki
aviwydebaT, rom saqarTveloSi yvelaze
didi ekonomikuri investori swored
ruseTia da investors araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ar aZlevs xels destabi-
lizacia im qveyanaSi, romlis
ekonomikaSi milionobiT saxsrebi aqvs
dabandebuli.
sokrates mowafe antisTenes Turme
sicocxlis bolos raRac avadmyofo-
ba stanjavda. mis mosanaxuleblad
misul megobrebs erTxel Turme Sek-
iTxviT mimarTa:
_ vin gamanTavisuflebs tanjvis-
agan?
erTma megobarma usityvod gauwoda
xanjali. antisTenem upasuxa:
_ me gTxoveT tanjvisagan da ara
sicocxlisagan ganTavisufleba.
saqarTvelos arc mTlad qarTuli
suliskveTebis mqone “nacionaluri
moZraobis” liderebis, friad saeWvo
qarTuli eTnikuri warmomavlobis
mqone adamianebis gadamkideebs gveCvene-
ba, rom TiTqmis yvela axlobeli Tu
Soreuli “megobari” saqarTvelos xan-
jals uwvdis.
samwuxarod, es paradoqsi ukve re-
aluri faqtia, radgan, profesor Tamaz
buTxuzis sityvebisa ar iyos, “nebis-
mieri civiluri qveynis moqalaqe, Cveni
moqalaqisgan TiTqos arafriTaa
gamorCeuli, arc SemoqmedebiT, arc
Sinagani pitencialiT da arc tem-
peramentiT; Tumca, maTi erToba _ sazo-
gadoeba, CvenTvis dRemde saocnebo
sistemas qmnis. Cven ki...”
genialuri gaTvla gaakeTes Se-
vardnaZem da misma damqaSebma, roca
saqarTvelos prezidentis postze Sem-
cvlelisa da maTi xelSeuxeblobis
garantis Zebnisas gaTvla swored mix-
eil saakaSvilze gaakeTes. maT kargad
icodnen, rom saakaSvili arafriT iyo
gamorCeuli, piriqiT, saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis iusticiis ministrad
yofnisas mis mier gakeTebulma skan-
dalurma gancxadebebma garkveuli
damokidebuleba Camoayalibes saaka-
Svilis mimarT, romelic erT sam-
Tavrobo sxdomaze saqarTvelos prezi-
dentis maSindelma mrCevelma Temur
mirianaSvilma arc Tu mTlad lamazi
SedarebebiT moixsenia.
Turme raoden didi simarTle uTq-
vams maSin baton Temurs, Cven ki es
sabediswero gafrTxileba yurad ar
viReT, gabrazebuli kacis Sefasebad
CavTvaleT, ubralod, gavicineT da
saakaSvilis mier gakeTebuli uamravi
arakoreqtuli gamonaTqvami davivi-
wyeT, rac Semdeg Zalian Zviradac
dagvijda,
yovelive es qmnida imis realur
safrTxes, rom mixeil saakaSvils
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba prezidentad
ar moisurvebda, amitom, ZiriTadi aq-
centi gaakeTes sandra rulovsze,
imaze, rom am holandielma qalbaton-
ma mokle vadebSi iswavla qarTuli da
megruli enebi, rac sakmarisi Seiqmna
imisaTvis, rom “vardebis revoluciis”
talRa swored samegrelodan _ walen-
jixis raionidan agorebuliyo.
ki vWameT megrelebma maSin es sir-
cxvili, magram, megrelebi rom mets aRar
motyuvdebian, es kargad ician saakaSvil-
ma da misma garemocvam da amitom axla
saerTod aRar aTamaSeben maT mTavar
kozirs _ qalbaton sandra rulovss.
nacvlad imisa, rom amerikaSi gan-
swavlul saakaSvils da mis evropel
meuRles saqarTveloSi civiluri
evropuli Rirebulebebis danergvaze
ezrunaT, maT kidev ufro dabla daswies
socialuri azrovnebis done.
SemotaniT ki Semoitanes, magram
ara civilizaciis mowinave meTodebi,
aramed yviTeli holandiuri avto-
busebi, xalxi rom “sandrabusebs”
eZaxis, vinasidan es biznesi, romelmac
didi mogeba moutana mis organiza-
torebs, swored pirveli ledis ojax-
is wevrebis sakuTreba gaxldaT.
ai, amitom eSinia xalxis risxvis
saakaSvilsa da mis garemocvas!
antikuri droidan dRemde, Zveli
egviptidan dawyebuli da iaponiiT
damTavrebuli, anu yvela drosa da
sivrceSi, saRad, racionalurad
moazrovne, Tavisi qveynis keTil-
dReobaze mofiqral adamianTa Ziri-
Tadi problema iyo da aris iseTi
sazogadoebis, saxelmwifos Seqmna,
romelic am qveynis nebismier mo-
qalaqeSi interess aamaRlebs da, rac
mTavaria, adamians pirovnul Tavisu-
flebas mianiWebs. amitom cdilobdnen
isini iseTi kanonebis Seqmnas, rom-
lebic Sinaganad Tavisufali adamia-
nis keTil nebas Seesabameboda. es
kanonebi Sesrulebadi, bunebis kanon-
zomierebasTan SeTavsebadi unda
yofiliyo, anu sociumis SesaZleblo-
bis farglebSi Cateuliyo.
waakiTxeT es striqonebi saqarTve-
los mTavrobis wevrebs, romlebic
saqarTvelos pirveli aRmSeneblis
statuss epotinebian da Tu mravali
maTgani raimes gaugebs mas, xels
davdebT mosaWrelad.
gaunaTleblobas saakaSvils namdvi-
lad ver daswameb, magram saeWvoa
icodes patriotis Segoneba imis
Taobaze, rom qveynis siZliere, sikeTe
sociumis safuZvlis Seqmna-
damkvidrebazea damokidebuli.
misma xelisuflebam ki imdeni
ukanonoba Caidina, rom sasinlad eSinia
xalxis risxvisa, radgan icis, rom
adamianebi odnavadac ar endobian Ta-
vianT xelisuflebas. amitom midian
saxelisuflebo wreebi yovelnair in-
sinuaciebze.
ramdenime wlis win qarTuli presa
werda, rom erTxel, foTSi yofnisas,
saakaSvili Turme daZrul
troleibuss Seaxta. aqoSinebuli
dacvis biWebi Zlivs daewivnen
troleibuss.
_ Tena WiWe xanga xom vare (es cota
giJi xom ar aris)? _ gadaulaparaka
Turme erTma foTelma meores da
troleibusis kars mifarebuli
saakaSvilis fexebs gaayola Tvali.
_ WiWe qordasn, mu miWira (cota rom
iyos, ra gviWirda)?
ase iyo, ase aris, ase iqneba...
xalxsac eSinia Tavisi prezidenti-
sa, magram, es is SiSi ar aris, romel-
ic “siyvaruls Seiqms”. es aris imis
SiSi, rom saakaSvilma kidev raime
samxedro avantiura ar wamoiwyos da
saqarTvelos darCenili teritoriebic
ar gadaulocos sxvebs.
didi SiSi patara SiSebs badebs.
eSiniaT megrelebis, vai Tu Tbilisi
daisakuTrono, imas ki erTi wamiT ar
ufiqrdebian, rom gasomxebul-gaqur-
Tebul-gaTaTrebul-gaujiSoebuli
Tbilisis gaqarTvelebaSi swored
megrelebma gaiRes lomis wili, saku-
Tari saxl-karis daTmobis fasad.
modi, isic vaRiaroT _ gana SeiZleba
WeSmaritad qarTveli adamianis smenas
megrul enaze saubari examuSos?
ar SeiZleba!
da Tu vinmes mainc examuSeba, man
sakuTari Tavi qarTvelobaze Seamowme-
binos, radgan SeiZleba qarTuli
gvarsaxeli hqondes da qarTuladac
SesaniSnavad saubrobdes, magram
genetikurad iseve ar iyos qarTveli,
rogorc ar aris saqarTvelos umaR-
lesi xelisuflebis mravali warmo-
madgeneli (gardacvlil Tu saeWvo
viTarebaSi daRupul sxva araqarTvel
xelisuflebze aRarafers vambob,
garkveul eTikur da religiur
mosazrebaTa gamo).
da ra gasakviria, rom araqarTveleb-
ma qarTvelebs daakargvinon istori-
uli teritoriebi, Tavs moaxvion siR-
atake da yovelive is uzneoba, rac an-
grevs eris erTianobas.
dro politikuri sistemis sasinji
qva gaxlavT. amitom ukve naTlad
gamoCnda, rom Tu Cveni cxovrebis gan-
vlili etapi zneobis uxeSi, SeuniRbavi,
cinikuri uaryofa iyo, axla ufro
saSiS movlenasTan _ sikeTis
saburvelSi lamazad SefuTul
borotebasTan gvaqvs saqme.
anu, Tu pirveli etapi aRmaSfoTe-
beli iyo, meore momavlis winaSe
amazrzeni danaSaulia.
amitom, vidre eduard SevardnaZe
cocxalia, Cven mas vaiZulebT pasuxi
gagvces erT SekiTxvaze _ ratom
Caugdo Zalaufleba xelSi im adami-
anebs, vinc lamis daRupvis pirad mi-
iyvana saqarTvelo?
ra dauSava qarTvelma erma eduard
SevardnaZes iseTi, rom am araadamian-
ma amxela siborote mihmadla im
qveyanas, sadac, yvelafers Tavi rom ga-
vaneboT, Tavad daibada.
eduard SevardnaZem aucileblad
unda agos pasuxi qarTveli eris
winaSe mis mier Cadenili mravali
danaSaulisaTvis!
jerjerobiT ki farda daSvebulia.
adamianebi dayruvdnen da dabr-
mavdnen umaRlesi xelisuflis mi-
marT.
swored amisi eSiniaT mixeil
saakaSvils da mis garemocvas, radgan
ar arsebobs imaze meti zizRi, vidre
sazogadoebis mier zurgis Seqcevaa
sakuTari prezidentisadmi.
Tumca, mas ukve sakuTar preziden-
tadac ar aRiarebs saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis meti wili da im uzur-
patorad miiCnevs, vinc arCevnebis
Tavxedurad gayalbebiT usindisod mi-
iTvisa saqarTvelos prezidentis
Tanamdeboba.
yvelaferi es rom icis saqarTve-
los xelisuflebam, amitomac eSiniaT
qarTveli xalxis,.
mSiSara adamiani ki uaRresad
saSiSia, radgan misi cxovrebiseuli
kredo nebismieri safrTxis
SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, Semdegnair
lozungad yalibdeba:
“me Tu ar viqeni gamarjvebuli, qva
qvaze nu darCenila!”
amitom aris aucilebeli, rom
qarTveli eri, rac SeiZleba male gan-
Tavisufldes yovelgvari simaxinjis-
agan da daubrundes realuri aRm-
Seneblobis im procesebs, romlis
gareSe warmoudgenelia qveynis
gamTlianeba da gaZliereba.
redaqtoris gverdi
S i S i
3ilori
saqarTvelo 9 aprilis molodinSia. am
dRisTvis opoziciac da xelisuflebac
didi xania emzadeba. gamocdileba orive
mxares aqvs da samzadisic igivea, rogoric
adre iyo. Tumca 7 noembris SedegebiT
dasruldeba revoluciis morigi mcde-
loba Tu 23 noembris SedegebiT, amis
Tqma gadaWriT dRes aravis SeuZlia.
prognozirebas Sss-s mier gavrcelebuli
faruli Canawerebic arTulebs. ar aris
gamoricxuli, rom burjanaZis aqtiviste-
bis kvaldakval, xelisufleba sxva poli-
tikur jufebsac daerios da daWerebis ax-
ali talRac vixiloT.
dRemde urTierTgamomricxavi cifre-
bi vrceldeba, Tu ramdeni adamiani idga
prezidentis gadadgomis moTxovniT par-
lamentis Senobis win 2007 wlis noem-
berSi, Tumca udavoa, rom asi aTasze
meti. am xalxs imedi hqonda, rom `xelisu-
fleba damTavrdeboda~. es imedi maT
opoziciis liderebma Caunerges. amitomac
bevrma sakuTari samsaxuris da Se-
mosavlis wyaros riskis fasad CamoaRwia
TbilisSi, marTlac rom CamoaRwia, radgan
xelisuflebam imisTvis, rom xalxi
SeeCerebina, gzebze uamravi barieri
moawyo. im samarSuto taqsebisa Tu av-
tobusebis mZRolebi, romlebic marTvis
mowmobebis CamorTmevas gadaurCnen, gze-
bze dayril xuTkuTxovan lursmnebs
umklavdebodnen. mokled, qarTuli
zRapris gmiris wiqaras xrikebiT ebr-
Zodnen saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan
momaval xalxs, Tumca maTma didma naw-
ilma Tbilisamde mainc CamoaRwia.
sagangebo situaciis gamocxadebis gar-
da, saprotesto talRis SeCereba xelisu-
flebam maSin imiTac moaxerxa, rom medi-
asaSualebebiT videoCanawerebi gaavrcela,
Tu rogor ̀ TanamSromlobdnen~ opozici-
is liderebi rusul generalitetTan. saer-
Tod, rusuli kvali erTgvari safrTxo-
belaa, romelsac xelisufleba sakmaod kar-
gad iyenebs. rogorc situaciam gviCvena, ms-
gavsi video Canawerebis damzadebiT Sss ise-
vaa gatacebuli. merabiSvilis uwyebas Savi
sia ukve mzad aqvs da Tu `saxelmwifos~
dasWirdeba, opoziciis liderebis winaaR-
mdeg izolaciis zomebsac gamoiyenebs.
opoziciis liderebis ganeitralebis gar-
da, aseT SemTxvevebSi xelisuflebas tele-
viziebis ganeitralebac mouwevs, noemberSi
aseTi samizne telekompania `imedi~ gaxda,
amJamad imedis problema mogvarebulia,
amitom niRbian stumrebs amjerad, albaT,
telekompania `maestro~ unda elodos. es
9 aprilis Semdeg, manamde ki saxelmwifo
manqana imaze muSaobs, rom aqciaze rac Sei-
Zleba cota adamianma moaxerxos misvla.
saamisod ukve nacad xerxebs iyenebs, ro-
gorc opoziciuri partiebis warmomad-
genlebi acxadeben, ukve daiwyo samarSuto
taqsebis mZRolebis gafrTxileba, rom 9
aprils muSaoba Sewyviton, aseve mimd-
inareobs partiuli aqtivistebis daSanta-
Jeba da daWera.
2007 wlis noemberSi veravin war-
moidgenda, rom 2009 wlis aprilSi
saqarTvelos prezidenti isev mixeil
saakaSvili iqneboda. Tumca Cvens uaxles
istorias 2003 wlis revoluciac axsovs.
2003 wels, rogorc giorgi TargamaZe
acxadebs, arc SevardnaZis xelisuflebas
egona, rom revolucia moxdeboda. eqs-
prezidenti SevardnaZe revoluciidan 5
wlis Semdeg asaxelebs axal moRalates
– maSindel saxelmwifo ministrs, av-
Tandil jorbenaZes. mas, rogorc Cans, sak-
maod didi dro dasWirda imis gasarkve-
vad, Tu vin gadabargda misi garemocvidan
opoziciur banakSi. rac imas niSnavs, rom
maSindelma opoziciam sakmaod kargad
imuSava. is faqti, rom revolucionerebis
gundSi iyo, maSindeli parlamentis Tavmj-
domare, saxelmwifo ministri, gener-
aluri prokurori da uSiSroebis min-
istric ki, metismetad urTulebda xelisu-
flebas situacias, da piriqiT, dadebiTad
aisaxeboda opoziciis moqmedebebze. uSiS-
roebis TanamSromlebi amaod awvdidnen
informacias maSindel ministrs SesaZlo
safrTxeebis Taobaze. saxelmwifo aparats
revoluciis Tavidan asacileblad faq-
tobrivad araferi gaukeTebia. parla-
mentSi SeWrisas, miyolebiT uxsnidnen
xalxs kordons didube-CuRureTis,
gldani-naZaladevis Tu qalaqis mTavari
sammarTveloebis TanamSromlebi. mog-
vianebiT ki isini maSindelma qalaqis sam-
marTvelos ufrosma, givi TargamaZis
megobarma levan maisuraZem saerTod
ganyofilebebSi gaiwvia. mokled, 2003
wels xelisuflebis rRveva Signidan dai-
wyo. cnobas, rom Tbilisis policiam
uari Tqva, qveynis mTavarsardals damor-
Cileboda, elvis siswrafiT mohyva in-
formaciebi, rom Tavdacvis saministros
danayofebmac maT mibaZes. situacia kon-
trolidan gamovida. Znelia msjeloba
imaze, SeZlebda Tu ara eduard SevardnaZe
situaciis Semobrunebas, garemocvaSi
moRalateebi rom ar hyoloda, magram
amis magaliTic ukve arsebobs. mixeil
saakaSvili SevardnaZis Secdomebs ar
imeorebs. igi mudmivad amowmebs sakuTar
garemocvas da sakvanZo Tanamdebobebsac
mxolod im adamianebs abarebs, romlebic
saflavSi gahyvebian saWiro Tu gaxdeba.
garda amisa, saakaSvils piar manqanac sak-
maod kargad aqvs amuSavebuli da qveynis
saomar mdgomareobaSi yofnac uwyobs
xels, situaciis gamwvavebis SemTxvevaSi,
`qveynis gadasarCenad~ Zala gamoiyenos.
parlamentis yofili Tavmjdomare, nino
burjanaZe, romelic 7 noembers aqciis
darbevas parlamentis Senobidan ade-
vnebda Tvals da warbSeuxrelad
amarTlebda saxelmwifos am
gadawyvetilebas, axla SeSfoTebiT
saubrobs aqciis mosalodnel darbevaze.
9 aprilamde erTi TviT adre, rodesac
generaluri Stabis ufrosad axlad-
daniSnulma polkovnikma vladimer
CaCibaiam ministris moadgilis postze
gadainacvla burjanaZem ganacxada: `es
rigiTi sakadro cvlileba ar aris, ro-
gorc amis warmodgena xelisuflebas
unda. polkovnikis CamoSoreba Tanamde-
bobidan da miT ufro, misi samoqalaqo
Tanamdebobaze, kerZod, Tavdacvis min-
istris pirvel moadgiled daniSvna, erT-
erTi niWieri sardlis samxedro
aRorZinebis saqmidan faqtobriv
CamoSorebas niSnavs... Cvens xelT arse-
buli informaciis Tanaxmad, polkovnikma
CaCibaiam Zalze mniSvnelovani
Sexvedrisas ganacxada, rom jaris mier 7
noembers daSvebul Secdomebs ar gaime-
orebs. 9 aprils da sxva Semdgomi
movlenebis dros is araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ar dauSvebs, rom jari, an misi
calkeuli nawilebi ama Tu im operaciis
ganxorcielebaSi CaerTon... M
mis funqciebs faqtobrivad Tavdacvis
ministris moadgile baCo axalaia
Seasrulebs, romelsac 4 martis TaT-
birze saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil
saakaSvilma SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sabr-
Zolo momzadeba da kontroli Riad
daavala. es sxva araferia, Tu ara jaris
politizirebis Ria mcdeloba, rac ofi-
crebis da samxedro mosamsaxureebis
samarTlian protests gaaZlierebs. bur-
janaZis SiSi usafuZvlo namdvilad rom ar
aris, radgan misi komprometireba, Tu no-
Raidels ar gaviTvaliswinebT, yvelaze
advilia. burjanaZe-biwaZis garda sxva
opoziciuri Zalebis winaaRmdegac arse-
bobs konkretuli gegmebis monaxazebi.
sadao sakiTxia, vis ufro aZlevs xels Ten-
giz kitovanis Camosvla sagangebod 9
aprilis aqciisaTvis. konservatori kuka-
va acxadebs, rom kitovanis gamoCena
xelisuflebis scenaris nawilia, iseve ro-
gorc biwaZis mier dajgufebebis Seqmnaze
saubari. aRniSnuli mosazreba realobas
Zalian waagavs, miTumetes, rom Turme
Cveni diplomatiuri korpusi aqtiurad
awvdis informaciebs dasavleTsa da aSS-
s. aqciebma SesaZloa, Zaladobrivi saxe mi-
iRos da saxelmwifo gadatrialebaSi
gadaizardoso da xels ruseTisken iSvers.
aseve sagangaSoa is faqtic, rom Tbilisis
garSemo didi xania, sangrebi mzadaa, rac
udavoa, rusebis axalgoridan daZvris
safrTxes unda ukavSirdebodes, an
ubralod amis asociacias qmnides. aseT
SemTxvevaSi sazogadoeba situaciis es-
kalacias xels ar Seuwyobs da, Tu msgavsi
scenari xelisuflebas marTlac aqvs
dagegmili, opoziciis liderebi parla-
mentis win, albaT, marto darCebian. xelisu-
flebis ritorika, rom qveyanaSi situaci-
is areva ruseTis interesebSi Sedis, rom
opoziciaSi rusuli fuli trialebs, da in-
formacia Ss saministros gansakuTrebul
samzadisze, rom mimdinareobs policiuri
Zalebis gadamzadeba da merabiSvilis
uwyebam ukve SeiZina darbevis axali
saSualebebi, SesaZloa mosaxleobis
daSinebas emsaxurebodes, radgan darbevis
simware bevrma maTganma cota xnis win
gamoscada, da rac yvelaze mTavaria, es am-
bavi xelisuflebas xaxviviT SerCa. Tumca,
Tu procesi umarTavi gaxdeba da pro-
vokacias eqneba adgili, saakaSvili rom Se-
vardnaZis kvals ar gahyveba mgoni, sada-
vo ar unda iyos. Tu SevardnaZesaviT Sina-
gan saqmeTaAda Tavdacvis saministroebi
masac ar CamoeSala, prezidenti aucile-
blad ecdeba, yvela Zala gamoiyenos
xelisuflebis SesanarCuneblad.
manana WeliZe
ra scenariT ecdebaxelisufleba9 aprilis aqciebisganeitralebas
raRa viRacam _ kokom, kakom, giam da gugulim.
axla gavSifroT, radgan iseTma gavlenianma
politikurma Zalebma gadawyvites aliansis Seqmna,
rom, xumroba iqiT iyos da, bevrs daufrTxobda mSvid
Zils.
`aliansi saqarTvelosTvis~ _ am saxelwodebiT
oTxi politikuri partia gaerTianda: `Tavisufle-
ba~, ̀ qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSiri~, ̀ momavlis
partia~ da `qalTa partia~.
axla erTad dasxdebian koko gamsaxurdia, kako asa-
Tiani, gia maisaSvili da guguli maRraZe. dasxdebian!
maT aerTianebT saerTo politikuri warsuli, ker-
Zod, erovnuli moZraoba da zviad gamsaxurdias
erovnuli mTavrobis saTaveebTan yofna. es Cemi
sityvebi ar gegonoT, _ konstantine gamsaxurdias
ekuTvnis. miuxedavad Cemi pativiscemisa am didebu-
li gvaris mimarT, unda Sevbedo baton kokos da
mokrZalebiT SevniSno, rom man icrua. mizani keTil-
Sobiluria, magram xom yvelas gvaxsovs, rom zviad
gamsaxurdias erovnuli mTavrobis saTaveebTan am
oTxi patiosani adamianidan mxolod erTi _ akaki
asaTiani idga (fumfula savarZelSic ijda da cota
xniT qobuleTSic imSvidebda afrTxialebul guls!)
da isic _ uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomaris rangSi.
xolo danarCeni samidan erTs icnobdnen, rogorc
zviad gamsaxurdias ufros vaJs, meores _ gia maisaS-
vils, rogorc `nacionaluri moZraobis~ ekonomikuri
programis avtors da e.w. silikonis velis propa-
gandists, romelic amerikis SeerTebuli Statebidan
xelebis qneviT mogvevlina; mesames _ guguli maR-
raZes ki, jer prezidentis dedis _ qalbaton
giuli alasanias universitetel megobrad moixse-
niebdnen, mere prezident saakaSvilis mexotbed,
Semdeg ki portarturelebis gzas daadga da `qal-
Ta partiis~ Tavmjdomaredac gagvecno.
es xalxi realobas sruliad moswyda:
yvelas gvaxsovs koko gamsaxurdias emociuri
gamosvlebi, aseve yvelas gvaxsovs gia maisaSvilis
farTod gaSlili xelebi da silikonis velis
saswaulebis Sesaxeb moyolili zRaprebi. axlac Se-
mogvZaxa, _ `qveyanas elodeba yovlismomcveli
ekonomikuri paralizebao~. ukve moxda, mister gia, eg
ambavi, aRaraferi elodeba, ukve paralizebulia didi
xania, da, pamela andersonis ar iyos, silikonis
saswaulsRa veliT.
kako asaTianze, aba, ra giTxraT, `bavSvmac ki icis,
vin aris kako~. Wkviani kaci kia, garkveul movlenebs
winaswarac Wvrets. `wiwakaanT magdana~ swored misi
aqtiuri CareviT gaxda parlamentis Tavmjdomare.
Tavis droze Jvaniam mas sTxova burjanaZis kandi-
daturis dayeneba da mere mTeli tvirTi TviTon aiki-
da. maia nadiraZec kako asaTianis `kiserzea~, magram
an mas da an Jvanias daufasdaT es amagi?
guguli maRraZe ki fsiqologiis profesoria, ma-
gram rogorc politikosi, aba, ra mogaxsenoT; es erTi
qalia am aliansSi da, modi, Tavi davaneboT.
erTi sityviT, `aliansi TavisuflebisTvis~ Sedga
da Sexmatkbilda. gugulebs sxvis budeSi kvercxis
dadeba axasiaTebT, amaT ki erT budeSi moikalaTes
da vnaxoT, ras gamoCekaven.
jani gavardes, iqneb, sulac biWi iyos?!
bondo mZinaraSvili
viRacam gugulisbudeSi moikalaTa
4 ilori
... 1994 wlis gazafxuli
Semodioda. samxreT germa-
niaSi, bodenzees napiras
mdebare ulamazes qalaq
vaingartenSi, sastumro „Alte
Oxsen“-Si (qarTulad „beberi
xarebi“) vcxovrobdi.
TiTqmis naxevari weli mo-
miwia iq yofna da mec am pa-
tara qalaqis TiTqmis naxe-
vari macxovrebeli gavicani.
cxadia, Cemi qarTvelobis
Sesaxeb yvelam icoda da mec
sakmarisze meti mosayoli,
pasuxgasacemi kiTxva mqonda
da rac mTavaria, imis mtki-
ceba miwevda, rom Cven qarT-
velebi, qurdebi da mamaZaR-
lebi ar varT da Cveni bra-
li ar aris kriminaluri
mTavroba rom gvyavs.
...pirvelad swored aq mo-
miwia SevardnaZis saxelTan
dakavSirebul evropul miT-
Tan Sejaxeba.
... roca Cems oponentebs
vuxsnidi – dRevandeli sa-
qarTvelos kriminaluri
mTavroba swored Sevardna-
Zis mier, misive, kriminaluri
gzebiT mopovebuli fuliTaa
moyvanili isini gaognebuli
miyurebdnen, xolo rom dav-
Zendi: es fuli SevardnaZem
swored germaniaSi iSova
misi aranakleb kriminali
kolegebisgan, maT xSir
SemTxvevaSi moTmineba ar
yofnidaT, magram arasodes
gadaulaxavT is zomiereba,
rasac hqvia _ sakuTari oja-
xis gasaWiri patronze uke-
Tesad sxvam rom ar icis da
Tavis kanturiT Cailapara-
kebdnen: „Cven amis Sesaxeb
arferi gvsmenia!..“ da Cveni
kamaTic ludze dapatiJebiT
mTavrdeboda, romelic namd-
vilad jobda SevardnaZesa
da mis kriminalebze saubars.
es swored is periodia,
germaniaSi helmut kols
rom 500 aTas germanul mar-
kas edavebian, TiTqos mis
partias es Tanxa dauregi-
strireblad gamoeyenebinos
arCevnebSi. saqme imdenad
gaxmaurda germaniis gamaer-
Tianebeli kancleris, ger-
maneli erisaTvis saukunis
ocnebis amxdenis qonebas
yadaRa daades (romelic,
mxolod 1,2 milion markad
Sefasda!!!), kancleri ki ram-
denjerme sasamarTloze ga-
mocxadda amis gamo. marTa-
lia mas araferi daumtkic-
da, miTumetes aravis uka-
drebia misTvis (qarTvel
xelisufalTagan gansxvave-
biT _ SevardnaZidan moyo-
lebuli, saakaSviliT dam-
Tavrebuli) qveyana Zarcva
da naZarcvi saxlSi waiRoo,
magram kidev erTxel dada-
sturda germanuli WeSmari-
teba: kanonis winaSe kanc-
leric da kelneric yvela
Tanasworia!
sainteresoa, im dros ra
manqanebi hyavdaT b-n kanc-
lers da mis meuRles?
_ kanclers oTxkariani,
xolo mis meuRle hanelo-
res orkariani golfi hyo-
liaT!..
es, kidev erTi patara sen-
sacia SeiZleboda qarTve-
lisTvis yofiliyo, germane-
lisTvis ki Cveulebriv mov-
lenad iTvleba.
cxadia germaniis gamaer-
Tianebeli kancleri da misi
(aw gardacvlili) meuRle
uyvarT maT samSobloSi da
xandisxan keTilganwyobil
anegdotebsac yvebian maTze:
„ ...erTxel helmuti da ha-
nelore „Tankstelle“-ze Sevid-
nen manqanis gasamarTad. hel-
mutma benzini Caasxa, meqani-
kurad karebi Caeketa da
fulis gadasaxdelad mar-
ketSi Sevida. ukan mobrune-
buls manqana da manqanis ga-
saRebi Caketili daxvda.
Sewuxebulma benzingasam-
arTis TanamSromels daxma-
reba Txova.
manac ar daaxana da fo-
ladis wvrili mavTuli mou-
tana.
gaxarebulma helmutma mav-
Tuli karis rezinis man-
JetSi gaaZvrina da cdi-
lobs ramenairad karis sa-
kets gamosdos da gamoqaCos,
magram amas ver axerxebs.
uceb manqanis Signidan qa-
lis xma gaismis: „helmut
cota marcxniv, helmut cota
marjvniv!..“
benzingasamarTis TanamS-
romlebi pirdaRebuli Se-
hyurebdnen manqanaSi Caketil
hanelores da mis aRtace-
bul gulSematkivrobas, ro-
dis gamosdebs helmuti mav-
Tuls manqanis sakets... „
aravis arasodes wamoc-
denia SevardnaZis dasavle-
Teli kolegebis misamar-
TiT, rom maT saxelmwifo
Zarcves, kriminalebTan ali-
ansi Sekres, an ucxo qveynis
agenturasTan TanamSrom-
lobdnen!..
2003 wlis noemberSi „var-
debis saxads“ Semoyolil
udReur bavSvTa mTavrobis
mier „SeSinebuli“ Sevard-
naZe „TavSesafars“ germa-
niaSic eZebs. erTi kviris
ganmavlobaSi germaniis te-
leviziis ramdenime arxi da
zogadad evromediis aTeu-
lobiT warmomadgeneli moT-
minebiT eloda rodis Camo-
vidoda igi saxeldaxelod
(11 milion evrod) SeZenil
grundigebis mamulSi, ro-
melsac saqarTveloSi ubra-
lod „vila“ uwodes, baden-
badenSi ki daaxloebiT ise-
Ti adgilia, rogoradac Cemi
Taobis studentobis dros
TbilisSi TerTmet sarTu-
liani saxli moixsenieboda
gmirTa moedanze.
imedi maqvs mkiTxvels ar
gamorCeba erTmaneTs Seada-
ros germaniis gamaerTiane-
beli kancleris 1,2 milion
markad SefasebuliFpirad
sakuTrebaSi arsebuli da
saqarTvelos damaqcevaris,
sulierad da zneobrivad
gamryvnelis SevardnaZis
mier dagrovili qoneba!..
...me imJamad germaniaSi vi-
myofebodi da uamravi
kiTxvisTvis miwevda pasuxis
gacema. maT Soris:
„ – marTla Tu Camova
eduard SevardnaZe germa-
niaSi da rodis?..“
mkiTxvels ar Sevawuxeb
Cemi pasuxiT, magram Cemi
uaxloesi megobris, saqarT-
velos didi gulSematkivris
magdeburgeli hans baier-
lingis im dReebSi mowe-
ril werils ki moviSve-
lieb:
„ ... daTo, mesame dRea te-
leSous vuyurebT baden-ba-
denidan. pirvel dRes mec
mjeroda SevardnaZis germa-
niaSi Camosvlis, magram es
ukve ar moxdeba ramdenime
ubralo mizezis gamo:
1. misi mrCevlebis Secdo-
ma iyo grundigebis myvirala
mamulis SeZena;
2. TerTmeti milioni
evros, nebismieri germane-
lisTvis uzarmazari Tanxis
gacxadeba;
3. is, rac saqarTveloSi
SeiZleba daimalos da
aikrZalos, Sen kargad ici
germaniaSi SeuZlebelia. yve-
lafers rom Tavi davaneboT,
marto „Bild“-i gauSrobs
sisxls 11 milioni evros ga-
damxdel, gaRatakebuli sa-
qarTvelos naprezidental
SevardnaZes!..
etyoba mas Wkviani mrCeve-
li gamouCnda da daanaxa es
realoba, romlis Semdegac
igi germaniaSi namdvilad ar
Camovao!..“
bevri ram CemTvis isedac
cxadi iyo, magram Cemi ger-
maneli megobris daskvna, rom
ityvian aTians ar acdenia
da srul WeSmaritebas Ra-
Radebda, rac Semdgomma mov-
lenebma naTlad daadastu-
ra.
Tu ra moyva yovelive
amas saqarTveloSi, amisaTvis
kidev erTxel unda mivub-
runde Cems vaingartenSi
yofnas da satumro „Alte
Oxen“-s:
erTxelac, gvian SuaRami-
sas telefoni rekavs, Suqi
avanTe da saaTs davxede,
sami sruldeboda. mivxvdi,
mxolod saqarTvelodan
SeiZleboda vinmes am dros
daereka.
ar Sevmcdarvar, mxolod
erTi SesworebiT, qarTvele-
bi isxdnen sufrasTan Turme
israelis qalaq aSdodSi. iq
myofi Cemi megobari kaxa mo-
bodiSebiT meubneba:
“... albaT gaifiqre, am Su-
aRamisas qarTvelis meti vin
darekavdao! stumrebi gvyavs,
krwaniseli ebraelebi arian,
qeifi didxans gagvigrZelda,
viRacam Seni saxeli axsena
da erT-erTi maTgans SenTan
saubars iTxovso!“
saxeli da gvaric miTxra
_ daTo hqvia, ajiaSvilia gva-
rado. saxeli da gvariT me
igi ver gavixsene, magram
amas ra mniSvneloba hqonda
_ didi siyvaruliT da pa-
tiviscemiT mommarTavda Cemi
Tanamosaubre israelidan:
„ _ rogor xarT batono
daviT, yvelas gvaxsovxarT
da gviyvarxarT, Tqveni saxe-
li rom axsenes gulma ver
momiTmina da amitom Sega-
wuxeTo“
mec movikiTxe. manac da-
mayara kiTxvebi da bolos:
„ – ras akeTebT batono
daviT, germaniaSi?”
vrcel axsna ganmartebas
Tavi avaride da mokled
vuTxari – disertacias va-
keTebB Cemo daviT meTqi!
imanac ar daayovna:
„ – rava iqneba magi saqme,
yvela fuls akeTebs da
Tqven disertacias?!.“
... karga xans vicineT ori-
vem. kargad vicodiT es
ufro simwris sicili iyo,
radgan saqarTvelos im-
droindeli mTavrobisTvis
wigni da disertacia yovlad
Seusabamo iyo da orive gav-
CumdiT.
isev me vcade gamosavlis
moZebna, rodis wamoxvediT
saqarTvelodan Cemo daviT-
meTqi.
daviTs dafiqrebac ar
dasWirvebia ise momigo:
„ - 92-Si, maSinve movxie sa-
qarTvelodan, ravarc ki ya-
CaRebi movidnen mTavrobaSi,
daviT, degenacvle!..“
simwriT gavifiqre, rom
daviTs dafiqrebac ar das-
Wirvebia Tavis arCevanSi.
utyuari WeSmaritebaa: si-
marTles fiqri ar sWirdeba!
gazeT “iloris” me-3 no-
merSi mkiTxvels movuTxre
Cems mimarT SevardnaZis kri-
minaluri xelisuflebis
agresiuli damokidebule-
bis Taobaze, rac Cemi ram-
denimegzisi dapatimrebiT
aRiniSna. samwuxarod, mog-
vianebiT aRmovaCine Cems pi-
rad arqivSi Cems erT-erT
dapatimrebasTan dakavSire-
buli dokumentebi, romlis
Tundac dagvianebiT mkiTxve-
lamde mitana aucilebel
saqmed mimaCnia.
kidev erTxel movixdi bo-
diSs mkiTxvelis winaSe,
Seqmnili uxerxulobisaT-
vis da vTavazob mas gazeT
“iloris” me-3 nomerSi ga-
moqveynebul werilSi Casa-
matebel masalas.
... qalaqis policiis sam-
marTvelos sapyrobileSi
TiTqmis yvela policieli
nacnobi aRmoCnda. me xom
garkveuli periodi Tbili-
sis krwanisis raionis pre-
feqti viyavi da qalaqis
aqtivis Sekrebebze xSirad
vxvdebodi Zalovani
struqturebis warmomadgen-
lebs. gulwrfelad ukvir-
daT Cemi iq yofna. madlie-
rebis niSnad, xan sigarets,
xanac Saqars da TeTri pu-
ris naWrebs mTavazobdnen
malulad. mogvianebiT me
TviTon vTxove saponi, sawe-
ri qaRaldi da sawerkalami,
rac maSinve momarTves ki-
dec.
saponi – daubaneblobas
ver Sevegue;
saweri qaRaldi da sa-
werkalami – xma rom mi-
mewvdina gareT myofTaTvis
(gvian amixsnes yvelaferi es
akrZaluli yofila patim-
rebisaTvis da Cemi erTguli
policielebi riskis fasad
akeTebdnen yovelives).
ase gavugzavne saprote-
sto werilebi maSindel Si-
nagan saqmeTa ministrs b-n
roman gvencaZes da qalaq
Tbilisis mTavar prokur-
ors b-n mixeil qurdaZes.
... Cemi ganTavisuflebi-
dan erTi kviris Tavze b-ni
mixeil qurdaZis werili mi-
viRe, sadac igi mauwyebda
rom – me kanonis uxeSad
darRveviT viyavi dapatim-
rebuli, saqme aRZrulia da
damnaSaveebi aucileblad
daisjebiano...
mogvianebiT misma piradma
mdivanma damireka da mTxova
b-n miSa qurdaZesTan miv-
sulviyavi. Cemi prefeqtad
yofnis dros axlo urTier-
Toba Camogviyalibda me da b-
n miSas, rac arc am SemTxve-
vis Semdegac darRveula, vi-
dre SevardnaZis kriminalebi
erTerT Cvengans sicocxles
gamoasalmebdnen.
TiTqos momibodiSa kidec
momxdaris gamo, bevri vi-
saubreT TbilisSi da zo-
gadad saqarTveloSi mimdi-
nare ubedurebebze da bo-
los mirCia:
„ _ xom xedav qveyana dam-
naSaveTa xelSia Cavardnili.
Znelia amaT vinme win aRud-
ges... Sen camde marTali
xar, mogwere kidec, magram ar
girCev amaT SeeWido, marTa-
li kaci xar da ar minda
vinmem rame dagiSavoso!..“
ase davemSvidobeT erTma-
neTs.
me imave dRes wavedi sa-
megreloSi, sadac yovel-
dRe axal-axal provoka-
ciebs awyobda Tbilisis
kriminaliteti.
baton miSasTan Sexvedris
ori kviris Tavze, swored
zugdidSi movismine Tbili-
sis televiziis specialuri
reportaJi:
„...guSin, sakuTari saxlis
sadarbazosTan, daudgenelma
pirebma cecxlsasroli
iaraRiT mokles q. Tbilisis
prokurori mixeil qurda-
Ze!..“
mewyina, magram ar gamkvir-
vebia _ mkvlelisa da yaCa-
Risagan mkvlelobisa da ya-
CaRobis mets ras unda moe-
lode?
мпиегоедл 1990-1992 щдеюшт
gagrZeleba iqneba
5ilori
samegrelos saamayo Svilebi
cnobili qarTveli lot-
baris Zuku loluas cx-
ovreba da Semoqmedeba imis
naTeli dadasturebaa, Tu
namdvili eriskacis pir -
ovnebaSi erTmaneTs rogor
unda Seerwyas maRali pro-
fesionalizmi da mo-
qalaqeobrivi Segneba. gada -
uWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom am didi moRvawis Tavgan-
wiruli Sromis gareSe Cve-
namde ver moaRwevda qar-
Tuli sasimRero folk-
loris mniSvnelovani nawili,
romelic dRes ase ancv-
ifrebs mTel msoflios.
Zuku loluas xanmokle
sicocxle (igi 47 wlis asak-
Si gardaicvala) bevri sag-
ulisxmo faqtiT aris
damSvenebuli. maTgan erTs _
afxazeTSi moRvaweobas ver-
avin auvlis gverds.
odnavadac ar gvepareba eWvi,
rom axlo momavalSi, roca
ruseTTan keTilmezoblobis
saRi azri izeimebs da
saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianoba aRdgeba, roca
qarTvelebi, afxazebi da os-
ebi keTilmezoblobaSi,
srul urTierTgagebaSi
gatarebuli saukuneebis
madls veRarsad gaeqcevian,
Zuku loluas figura xe-
laxali daaxloebis gzaze
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
SeiZens; saqarTvelos didi
patrioti xom afxazi moZmee-
bis, maTi adaT-wesebis, maTi
sasimRero folkloris didi
damfasebeli da qomagic iyo.
Zuku loluas xelmZR-
vanelobiT Sesrulda sceni-
dan pirvelad afxazuri sim-
Rerebi, mis garSemo Se-
moikribnen SesaniSnavi afx-
azi momRerlebi, romelTac
qarTvelebi Zmebad miaCndaT.
Zuku lolua daibada 1877
wlis 8 aprils axlandeli
xobis raionis sofel qval-
onSi. ori Tvisas gardaec-
vala mama da oblad darCe-
nili xuTi Svilis aRzrda
dedam iTava.
male maTi ojaxi sacx-
ovreblad qalaq foTSi ga-
davida. igi bavSvobidan
eziara Sromas, radgan marCe-
nalis gareSe darCenil
ojaxs materialurad Zalian
uWirda. aTi wlis Zuku Se-
girdad muSaobda rkinigzis
saxelosnoSi da aq aRebuli
xelfasiT loluebma saxl-
kari moiwyves foTSi.
1888 wels Zuku amxanageb-
Tan erTad baTumSi gaemgza-
vra. ojaxis didi survili
iyo, rom Zuku sasuliero
gzas gahyoloda. amitom, 1892
wels, episkoposis rekomen-
daciiT, igi xobis monaster-
Si swavlobs saeklesio mwig-
nobrobasa da galobas xobis
monasterSi da amave dros
foTis saeparqio taZarSi
iricxeba ponomarad.
1894 wels Zukum foTis
saeparqio skolaSi daiwyo
galobis maswavleblad
muSaoba. Semdeg igi wavida
sofel kokSi, moagrova iq
mezobeli soflebidan mom-
Rerlebi da 24 kacisagan
Semdgari gundiT ori Tvis
intensiuri mecadineobis
Semdeg quTaisis Teatris
scenaze gamarTa koncerti,
romlis mowyobas xelmZR-
vanelobdnen Salva dadiani
da vaJTa gimnaziis galobis
maswavlebeli besarion
wereTeli. axladSeqmnil
ansambls “megrel momR-
eralTa saxalxo gundi” ewo-
da. es iyo ara marto Zuku
loluas gundis, aramed
mTeli dasavleT saqarTve-
los momReralTa gundis
pirveli gamosvla scenaze.
ramdenime wlis Semdeg Zuku
soxumSi Cavida. roca iq xma
gavarda, soxumSi cnobili
lotbaria Camosuli, romel-
mac ansambli unda Seadgi-
noso, Zalian bevri aRmoCnda
msurveli aseT gundSi gaer-
Tianebisa. agvistos TveSi
ukve 80 kaci Seikriba. gund-
Si mRerodnen afxazebi,
megrelebi, imerlebi, gu-
rulebi, svanebi, socialurad
sxvadasxva fenis warmomad-
genlebi: xelosnebi, vaWrebi,
meetleebi, portis muSebi,
maswavleblebi, moswavleebi
da sxva...
1904 wlis 25 seqtembers im
binaSi, sadac gundi mecadi-
neobda, es iyo samSe Tofu-
rias saxli, Catarda kon-
certi. darbazSi xalxis
teva ar iyo. ori imdeni
garedan adevnebda Tvalyurs.
adgilobrivi ZalebiT
gundis gamosvlas didi
sixaruliT Sexvda soxumis
sazogadoeba. es iyo mxolod
dasawyisi im didi aRmavlo-
bisa, rac qarTul-afxazurma
erovnulma musikam Zuku
loluas moRvaweobis peri-
odSi ganicada.
soxumSi Casvlis dRidan
Zukum mTavar amocanad afx-
azuri sasimRero Semoqmede-
bis saganZuris mopoveba ga-
nizraxa. man fexiT Semoiara
afxazeTis soflebi. udidesi
sifaqiziTa da aRfrTo-
vanebiT Seudga uZvelesi
afxazuri simRerebis, cekve-
bisa da sakravebis Segrove-
bas. dauaxlovda afxazuri
simRerebis saukeTeso mcod-
neebs _ abas koRonias, gu-
juji marRanias, malxaz eS-
bas, kondrate ZiZarias da
sxvebs. jer TviTon swavlob-
da maTgan simRerebs da mere
aswavlida gundis wevrebs.
soxumis gundis mier Ses-
rulebuli afxazuri simR-
erebi azari, daWrilis simR-
era, afxazuri sacekvao, afx-
azuri saieriSo, dasakravebi
afxazur instrumentebze _
afxercaze, aWarpanze, aiumaze
iseT did STabeWdilebas ax-
denda Turme msmenelze, rom
xSirad ameorebinebdnen
kidec.
gundis wevrebi, SemdgomSi
cnobili lotbarebi kiwi
gegeWkori, kirile paWkoria,
vano kozmava (afxazi), maqsime
anua, ZRiki ZiafSipa, rema Se-
legia da sxvebi momavalSic
xSirad mimarTavdnen Ta-
vianTi gundebis sakoncerto
repertuarSi Zukus mier sce-
naze gamotanil afxazur sim-
Rerebs. amrigad, gundma
araerTi koncerti gamarTa
afxazeTsa da samegreloSi.
1914 wels Zuku loluas
gundma didi sakoncerto
mogzauroba moawyo das -
avleT saqarTvelos qalaqeb-
Si: baTumSi, foTSi, quTaisSi,
WiaTuraSi, zestafonSi, saCx-
ereSi...
1919 wels Zuku lolua
isev foTSi gadavida da sak-
maod gvian _ 42 wlis asakSi
daqorwineba gadawyvita. man
colad SeirTo pirmSvenieri
Tavadis asuli _ daSa Ciqo-
vani. jvrisweras uamravi
xalxi daeswro _ cas swvde-
boda omaxiani simReris xma.
daojaxebam Zuku saqmes
ver mowyvita. meuRle
maswavleblobda, Zuku ki
kvlav sagundo xelovnebis
morevSi gadaeSva.
1921 wels Zuku dasavleT
saqarTvelos saxalxo gun-
debis instruqtorad dain-
iSna, rasac misi soflidan
sofelSi da qalaqidan
qalaqSi gamudmebuli
siaruli mohyva. adgilze Ca-
suli Zuku jer Sekrebda
momRerlebs, moamzadebda
maTTan simRerebs, Semdeg
gamoarCevda lotbarobis ni-
WiT dajildoebul piro-
vnebas, Caabarebda mas gundis
xelmZRvanelobas da mx-
olod amis Semdeg stovebda
iqaurobas.
1923 wels Zuku loluas
mweralTa kavSiris quTaisis
ganyofilebidan mouvida Tx-
ovna, Casuliyo quTaisSi da
Camoeyalibebina momReral-
Ta gundi, romelTan erTadac
SemdgomSi moskovSi unda
gamgzavrebuliyo. Zuku
loluam Sekriba SesaniS-
navi axalgazrdoba, daiwyo
intensiuri mecadineobebi.
Sedegmac ar daayovna da Za-
lian male gundma ramdenime
koncerti gamarTa quTaisSi,
xolo 1924 wlis maisis
pirvel ricxvebSi sandro
kavsaZis saiubileo kon-
certSi monawileobis mis-
aRebad gaemgzavra TbilisSi.
Casvlidan meore dRes Zuku
avad gaxda, ris gamoc gundi
koncertze mis gareSe
gamovida. eqimebma tifis di-
agnozi dausves. gamokeTebas
piri ar uCanda. aucilebeli
iyo Zukus saavadmyofoSi ga-
dayvana. mkurnaloba da yu-
radReba Tavis Tavze aiRo
eqimma Salva miqelaZem, ma-
gram 1924 wlis 9 agvistos
Zuku lolua gardaicvala.
dakrZales TbilisSi, veris
sasaflaoze, mogvianebiT ki
gadaasvenes qalaq foTSi.
Zuku lolua
saqarTvelos erovnuli
gmiri giorgi saakaZe, sabr-
Zolvelad azvirTebuli
xalxis winamZRoli anzor
CerbiJi, darbaiseli megreli
glexi tariel golua, sax-
alxo gmiri arsena, oZe-
laSvili, tiraniis winaaR-
mdeg mebrZoli karl moori,
ruseTis didi xelmwife
(ivane mrisxane), mamaci kapi-
tani bersenevi, mefe liri,
keTilSobili sabWoTa in-
teligenti platon kreCeti,
RmerTebis winaaRmdeg amxe-
drebuli mefe oidiposi, al-
baneTis erovnuli gmiri
skanderbegi, balRiviT gul-
Ria da mimndobi, keTilSo-
bili Seqspiriseuli mavri
otelo _ ai, arasruli sia
scenuri da kinosaxeebisa,
romlebic Seqmna didma
xelovanma, sabWoTa kavSiris
saxalxo artistma akaki xo-
ravam.
akaki xoravas rom mx-
olod otelos saxe Seeqmna,
isic ki ikmarebda misi sax-
elis SaravandediT
Sesamosavad, vinaidan misi
otelo msoflio Se-
qspirologiam aRiara
namdvil, ganumeorebel Se-
qspirul saxed.
es iyo 1937 wels. wlebis
ganmavlobaSi quxda akaki
xorava-otelos xaverdovani
xma sabWoTa kavSiris
Teatrebis scenebze da aR-
tacebaSi mohyavda msmeneli
da mayurebeli. 1947 wels
gazeTi “pravda” werda:
“sabWoTa kavSiris saxalxo
artistma akaki xoravam
otelos rolSi miaRwia
mwvervals, sanamdec
msoflio Teatralur is-
toriaSi Zalian cota vinme
Tu asula”.
akaki xorava iyo
tragikuli planis msaxiobi,
zedmiwevniT flobda
tragikuli xasiaTis gaxsnis
scenur saidumloebas. misi
samsaxiobo xelovneba aris
masStaburi, monumenturi. aka-
ki xoravas gmirebi
yovelTvis Zlierni, nebisy-
ofiani adamianebi arian, Tav-
daviwyebiT uyvarT sic-
ocxle da TavdadebiT ibrZ-
vian sicocxlisaTvis, siy-
varulisaTvis, bedniere-
bisaTvis.
akaki xorava daibada 1895
wlis 17 aprils zugdidis
mazris patara sofel oCxa-
murSi. qalaq quTaisis
klasikuri gimnaziis
damTavrebis Semdeg war-
matebiT swavlobda ukrainis
dedaqalaq kievSi, sadac
samedicino ganaTlebas eu-
fleboda.
1922 wels Sevida akaki
faRavas Teatralur studi-
aSi.
akaki xoravam, rogorc
profesionalma msaxiobma,
fexi aidga rusTavelis
saxelobis saxelmwifo
TeatrSi, romelsac Semd-
gom wlebis ganmavlobaSi
TviTon xelmZRvanelob-
da.
akaki xorava eweoda far-
To pedagogiur da sazoga-
doebriv moRvaweobas _ misi
iniciativiT Seiqmna
saqarTvelos Teatraluri
sazogadoeba, Teatraluri
instituti, sadac Tavad ped-
agogobda. sabWoTa kavSiris
saxalxo artisti akaki xo-
rava iyo mSvidobis dacvis
saqarTvelos respublikuri
komitetis Tavmjdomare, sax-
elmwifo premiebis
komitetis wevri. miniWebuli
hqonda sabWoTa kavSiris
saxalxo artistis wodeba,
iyo saxelmwifo premiebis
oTxgzisa da kanis me-7 saer-
TaSoriso kinofestivalis
premiis laureati. sic-
ocxlis dasrulebamde
aswavlida msaxiobis osta-
tobas Tbilisis saxelmwifo
Teatralur institutSi. ki-
nosa da TeatrSi, akaki xo-
ravas, wlebis ganmavlobaSi,
gansaxierebuli hyavs 100-ze
meti gmiri.
qarTuli Teatrisa da ki-
nos didostati akaki xora-
va gardaicvala 1972 wlis 23
ivniss qalaq TbilisSi.
Rvawlmosili msaxiobis
cxedari madlierma
qarTvelma erma pativiTa da
didebiT miacila mTawmindis
savanemde. mas arc sic-
ocxleSi moklebia xalxis
pativi da siyvaruli, da arc
gardacvalebis Semdeg,
radgan mis saflavze mudam
alagia axali yvavilebi.
akaki xorava
6 ilori
im saxelmwifoebriobis Ria
likvidacia, romelsac si-
vaJkace, erTguleba, disci-
plina, Tavganwirva, materia-
lur sikeTeze uaris Tqma da
sisxlis gaReba sWirdeba, ar
SeiZleba rasis keTilSobi-
lebis patentad gamodges. ma-
gram, garemo pirobebis sir-
Tulis gamo mezoblebisaTvis
Ria omis gamarTva Zalze uTa-
nasworo iqneboda. amdenad,
monur omze gadasvla mTlad
nebayoflobiTi ar iyo; meo-
res mxriv, Teokratiaze ga-
dasvla imdenad iyo brZnuli
aqti, ramdenadac swored Teo-
kratiam SeanarCunebina som-
xebs TviTmyofadoba da es
TviTmyofadoba saswaulebri-
vad aaRorZina iq, sadac TiT-
qosda saukunod iyo miZine-
buli.
somxebis danarCen istori-
as, romelic savsea maTdami
ucxoel mTavarTa damamcire-
beli damokidebulebiT, yo-
velTvis, Tundac sust xazad
somxeTis xalxisa da sa-
xelmwifos aRorZinebis imedi
gasdevda.
ra Tqma unda, amaze ara
xalxi, aramed calkeuli pa-
triotebi, upiratesad sasu-
liero pirni, gamdidrebuli
vaWrebi, naxararebi, Sahisa da
sulTnis karze pativSi myofi
meliqebi ocnebobdnen. dama-
xasiaTebelia isic, rom es
imedi ruseTis imperiis teri-
toriis zrdasTan erTad, gan-
sakuTrebiT wina aziaSi misi
droSis winsvlis kvaldak-
val izrdeba.
somexTa damokidebuleba
ruseTis mTavrobis mimarT
sagrZnoblad Wrelia. aniWeb-
da ra did mniSvnelobas
axlo aRmosavleTSi ruseTis
istoriul misias, petre pir-
veli sulac ar iqneboda imis
winaaRmdegi, rom xalxi, rome-
lic Tavis Tavs qristians
uwodebda, musulmani dampyr-
oblis winaaRmdeg aRmsdga-
riyo. amitom man, zemoT aR-
niSnul avantiurists, somexTa
wargzavnil israel oris az-
ris gamoTqmis saSualeba mis-
ca, magram, mis ankesze ar wa-
moego. didma imperatorma
brZana, sityvierad ganemartaT
somexTa wargzavnilTaTvis,
rom axla “SvedebTan omiT
aris dakavebuli” da, amdenad,
avantiura Tavidan aicila.
rac Seexeba somex israel
oris Txovnas, rom SvedebTan
omSi igi ruseTis jarTan
darCeniliyo, imperatorma upa-
suxa, rom “misi iq yofna ara-
fris momtania”.
sainteresoa. rom me-18 sau-
kunis ruseTis mefe-qalebi-
dan (albaT, graf volinski-
sagan miRebuli cnobebis sa-
fuZvelze, romelic kargad
icnobda somxebs), ana ioanes
asuli, miuxedavad mis mier
ganxorcielebuli qristia-
nuli politikisa, undoblad
ucqerda am ukanasknelT, rad-
gan misi mxedarTmTavrebi
musulmanebs amarcxebdnen.
ekaterine meore ki, piriqiT,
sulSi iZvrenda somxebs, ra-
sac, ZiriTadad, mis karze ga-
mefebul uzneobas da araC-
veulebriv fufunebas mia-
werdnen. mefis karze bevri
moxele iRebda “feSqaSs”
mdidari somexi vaWrebisa-
gan. garda amisa, Tavadi po-
tiomkini yovelTvis gamoir-
Ceoda amouwuravi fantaziiT
da albaT isic ocnebobda
somxeTis zeganze qristia-
nuli saxelmwifos aRorZi-
nebaze.
ekaterine meoris mefobis
dros somxebs gamouCnda yo-
velmxriv SesaniSnavi pirovne-
ba, dauokebeli energiis mqone,
politikurad fxiani, arc Tu
iSviaTad _ momabezrebeli. igi
arqiepiskoposi iosebi
gaxldaT, warmoSobiT gaqarT-
velebuli kulturuli som-
xuri ojaxidan, romelsac
qarTvel mefeTagan Tavadis
wodeba hqonda miniWebuli. misi
gvari _ arRuTaSvili-mxargrZe-
li rusul yoveldRiurobaSi,
rusuli fantaziisve wyalobiT,
rogorc “arRuTinski-dolgo-
ruki” Sevida. riurikebis dol-
gorukTan maT, ra Tqma unda,
araferi akavSirebT. xsene-
bulma arqiepiskoposma ioseb-
ma samxreT ruseTSi somxuri
qalaqi “donis naxiWevani”
daarsa. yirimidan da Turqe-
Tidan gadmoxvewili 15.000 som-
xis bazaze Camosaxlebulebs
sakmaod kargi SeRavaTebi dau-
wesdaT: xazinis xarjze yiri-
midan mTeli qonebis gadazid-
va, 12.000 desetina saZovari
ialaRi, saguSagoebisa da re-
krutisagan ganTavisufleba, 10
wliT yvela saxis begaris
moxsna; yovel mosaxles 30 de-
setina miwa gamoeyo; xe-tye da
saxlis asaSenebeli masala
usasyidlod gadaecaT, saTesle
masala, saqoneli da inventari
ki 10 wlis Semdeg anazRaure-
bis pirobiT. yovelive es ka-
nonTa srul krebulSi dawvri-
lebiTaa asaxuli.
saqarTveloSi, erekle meo-
ris mefobis Jams, igive arRu-
Tinskis mcdelobiT, viRac ya-
rabaxeli meliqebi Camoasax-
les TavianTi yma-glexebiT,
romelTac Sulaveris dasax-
leba Seqmnes. orma meliqma,
mejnunma da abom, Tvalis da-
xamxamebaSi uRalates Tavis
axal mfarvels _ mefe ere-
kles da 1795 wels aRa-mahmad
xans tfilisSi SemouZRvnen,
romelmac qalaqi miwasTan
gaaswora. es faqti erovnebiT
somexma general-leitenantma
s.o.qiSmiSovma aRiara. sanqt-pe-
terburgis universitetis
profesori a.a.cagareli sa-
fuZvlianad aRniSnavs, rom me-
18 saukunis miwuruls arqie-
piskoposma iosebma energiuli
saqmianoba gaaCaRa, magram
“friad araxelsayreli, ruse-
Tis mTavrobis gegmebisa da
SexedulebebisaTvis!” am
daskvnis dasturi SeiZleba
akademikos n.f.dubrovinis naS-
romSi ixiloT, romelic aR-
niSnavs, rom 1796 wels some-
xi arqiepiskoposi ubodiSod
Caeria dapyrobili derben-
tis saxanos saqmeebSi da mu-
sulmanebTan Sedavebis ar-
cerT SemTxvevas ar uSvebda
xelidan; maT somexTa winaSe
amcirebda; derbentSi xanmo-
kle yofnis periodSi mTeli
mosaxleoba aimxedra. grafma
zubovma iosebi mTavar binaSi
gamoiZaxa, magram aqac saWiro
gaxda zomebis miReba, raTa ar-
qipastoris politikuri mi-
awrafebebi SezRuduliyo.
dauaxlovda ra eCmiaZinis pa-
triarqs ise, rom nebarTva
aravisgan auRia, maT erTob-
livad Seadgines _ “ko-
leqtiuri mimarTva yarabaxSi
da kavkasiis sxva adgilebSi
mcxovreb somxebs”. am mani-
festSi ewera, rom ruseTis
jari sparseTSi mxolod erTi
ganzraxviT Sevida _ “gaanTa-
visuflos somxebi musulman-
Ta uRlisgan da moupovos maT
damoukidebloba”. amas didi
mRelvareba mohyva mTel
amierkavkasiaSi. somxebi didi
somxeTis samefos aRdgenaze
ocnebobdnen.
xsenebuli arqiepiskoposis
Tanamedrove p.g.butkovi ada-
sturebs iosebis gadamete-
bul pativmoyvareobas, rome-
lic, TiTqosda, cdilobda
somxeTis mefis taxtze Tavi-
si ZmisSvili aeyvana da saa-
misod samefo gvirgvinic ki
hqonda gamzadebuli. jer ki-
dev ruseTSi yofnisas arRu-
Tinski-dolgoruki eCmiaZinis
patriarqis taxtis dakavebas
apirebda, risTvisac patriar-
qis samosSi gamowyobilma
SeukveTa sakuTari gravire-
buli portreti.
somxuri eklesiis politi-
kurobis klasikur nimuSs war-
moadgens somexTa didi apo-
logetis _ ezovis broSura
“eCmiaZinis sapatriarqos ru-
seTis xelisuflebasTan ur-
TierTobis dasawyisi”. me-18
saukunis dasasruls, eCmiaZinis
kaTolikosis Tanmxleb sayo-
velTaod sasuliero pirTa
mier taxtze iqna ayvanili ar-
qiepiskoposi gukasi (luka).
konstantinopolis somexTa pa-
triarqma zaqariam protesti
gamoTqva. gukasi mas Tbil we-
rilebs ugzavnida. amasobaSi ki
konstantinepolis somxurma
diasporam TurqeTis xelisu-
flebas zaqarias gadayenebis
nebarTva gamostyua. ezovs am
nabijisTvis camde ahyavs gu-
kasi, romelmac aseve ar dauS-
va eCmiaZinis taxtze gancal-
kevebuli ganZasaris minastris
agvaneli patriarqis izrae-
lis aRzeveba. saubaria imaze,
rom dartyma mieyenebina agva-
neTis gancalkevebis msurvel
sapatriarqoze da daewesebina
iq Teokratiuli mmarTveloba.
am saqmeSi CinovnikTa windau-
xedaobis Tu angarebiTi gari-
gebis Sedegad, somxebs Tea-
traluri erTsulovnebiT mxa-
ri dauWires ruseTisa da Tur-
qeTis mTavrobebma, miuxedavad
imisa, rom maT erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli interesebi
amoZravebdaT. konstantine-
polSi Cveni wargzavnili, sa-
xelad tomara, 1801 wels Ta-
nagrZnobiT atyobinebda mTav-
robas, rom gukasi eswrafvoda
“Tavisi eris aRorZinebas ru-
seTis daxmarebiT”. ucxoeli
kaTolikosis interesebidan
gamomdinare, agvaneTis patri-
arqi jer Seaviwroves, Semdeg
ki, yarabaxisa da ganjis ru-
seTTan SeerTebisTanave,
SeumCnevlad gaauqmes mTlia-
nad sapatriarqo, rac misi es-
kamotireba gaxldaT. aRmoCnda,
rom Turqma politikosebma
meti Sors- mWvreteloba ga-
moiCines, vidre maTma rusma ko-
legebma. maT mxari dauWires
TavianTi qveynis farglebSi
siosis da axtamaris sapatri-
arqoTa damoukideblobas “yo-
velTa somexTa kaTolikosis-
gan”.
saqarTvelos ruseTTan
SeerTebisTanave somxuri
samRvdeloeba mudmivad cdi-
lobda daemtkicebina, rom
somxebi aq raRac gansaku-
Trebul rols TamaSoben da
rom yvelaferi maTzea damo-
kidebuli. imdenad, ramdena-
dac saqmeSi Caxedulma ru-
sulma samRvdeloebam kar-
gad icoda somxuri monofi-
zitizmi, da isic, rom qarT-
velebi ruseTs “erTmorwmu-
neobis” egidiT SemouerTdnen,
arqiepiskoposma iosebma som-
xur-grirorianul sarwmu-
noebasTan dakavSirebiT uaR-
resad keTilSobiluri in-
formaciis gavrcelebaze iz-
runa. 1799 wels sanqt-peter-
burgSi gamovida ruseTSi
damkvidrebul somexTa saw-
mysos arqiepiskopos iosebis
wigni “somxuri eklesiis qri-
stianuli sarwmunoebis aRm-
sarebloba”, romlis me-14
gverdze avtori wers: “erTi
saxe, erTi ieri, SenivTebulia
erT bunebriobasTan”; 50-e
gverdze iosebi ganmartavs,
rom “bunebriobaSi” igu-
lisxmeba “saxe”. maSin ra sa-
Wiro iyo ori erTmniSvne-
lovani cnebis moyvana! gasa-
gebia, rom igi ecada somxebis
monofizitobis miCqmalvas.
man aseve miCqmala kaTolikos
ioane meoTxis saxelic, ro-
melic somxur eklesias wmin-
danad hyavs Seracxuli da
romelmac arabi musulmane-
bis saameblad qalkedoniis
eklesia anaTemas gadasca da
Semdegi gadawyvetileba ga-
moaqveyna: “anaTema mas, vinc
ityvis, rom qriste adamiani
iyo Tavisi bunebiT, rom igi
iyo xorcSesxmuli da gadai-
tana xorcieli wameba, eziara
sikvdils adamianTa msgavsad,
anaTema mas! vinc ar aRiarebs
qristes erTsaxovan ukvdav
bunebriobad, anaTema mas!”
xedavdnen ra, rom yovelive
es marTlmadidebelTa Tval-
Si somxur eklesias Seu-
racxyofs, me-13 saukunis so-
mexi istorikosi kirakosi,
mogvianebiT ki xsenebuli io-
sebi da kaTolikosi nersesi
somxuri monofizitobis
miCqmalvas cdilobdnen.
am maqinaciebs naTels hfens
cimbiris sasuliero akademi-
is profesori troicki 1877
wels gamocemul naSromSi
“somxuri eklesiis rwmenis
Sinaarsi” da aniskini “somxu-
ri eklesiis istoriaSi”, ro-
melic 1900 wels gamoica wi-
gnad kiSiniovSi.
tyuilad ki wuxda arqiepi-
skoposi iosebi, radgan im pe-
riodis rusul biurokratias
sruliadac ar anaRvlebda
marTlmadidebluri principe-
bi. somxuri saqme rusul
sazRvrebSi maSin giganturi
tempebiT viTardeboda da axa-
li simaRleebisken ganuxrelad
miiwevda. TurqmenCais traqta-
tiT eCmiaZini ruseTis Semad-
genlobaSi Sevida, kaTalikosi
ki mTeli msoflios somexTa
patriarqad darCa. qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri avtokefa-
lia Cven droulad gavauqmeT,
miwebi CamovarTviT da xazinas
gadaveciT, ris gamoc ruseTis
saxelmwifoSi Seiqmna somxuri
Teokratiuli saxelmwifo sa-
xelmwifoSi, romelic mi-
uwvdomeli iyo kontrolisaT-
vis da politikuri sawmysos
TvalSi veeberTela avtorite-
ti gaaCnda. paskeviCis dros
sparseTidan somxebis gadasay-
vanad polkovniki lazarevi
gaigzavna, romelsac Tan daax-
loebiT 40.000 somexi Camohyva
.gagrZeleba iqneba
1904 wels, am wignis avtoris vasil veliCkos gardacvalebis Sem-
deg, misi moswavleebis mier „kavkasiis“ wignad gamocemam Zalze
aaforiaqa mTeli planetis somxuri mosaxleoba. inglisSi mcxov-
rebma somexma didvaWarma gulbekianma im droisaTvis zRapruli
Tanxa _ xuTi milioni funti sterlingi (dRevandeli kursiT,
daaxloebiT samasi milioni dolari) _ gadaixada, raTa am wignis
mTeli tiraJi gayidvidan amoeRoT da gaenadgurebinaT, magram, ro-
gorc xedavT, verafers gaxda. Tumca, somxebma nawilobriv mainc
miaRwies sawadels, radgan winamdebare wigni gaxlavT vasil ve-
liCkos mTliani naSromis pirveli tomi, meore tomi ki, saerTod
aRar gamosula da, Cveni didi Ziebis miuxedavad, mainc ver mova-
xerxeT misi povna. rogorc Cans, am tomis xelSi Cagdeba da ga-
nadgureba garkveuli sazRauris fasad mainc moaxerxes somxebma.
amis dakargvis, an daviwyebis ufleba
arc russa aqvs da arc qarTvels!(nawyvetebi vasil veliCkos
wignidan "kavkasia")
7ilori
,,me ar SemiZlia uTqvenod da Tqven
ar SegiZliaT uCemod”- ase mimarTa
ilia II-m mrevls drois sakmaod daZ-
abuli monakveTis dasasruls, romelic
mis avadmyofobas da eklesiis winaaR-
mdeg gaCaRebul uprecedento kampanias
ukavSirdeboda. Sexvedris sixarulTan
erTad, mis sityvebSi airekla is gan-
wyobac, romelic am periodSi sazoga-
doebaSi sufevda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gasul TveSi, ram-
denime politikosma da sazogado moR-
vawem, TiTqmis erTdroulad, mkafiod
miuTiTa imaze, rom saqme gvaqvs aSkara
SeTqmulebasTan patriarqis da eklesiis
winaaRmdeg. arsebobs Tu ara es SeTq-
muleba? vin da ratom ebrZvis patri-
arqs? saubari am Temaze garkveul
sifrTxiles moiTxovs, raTa faqtebi da
Worebi erTmaneTSi ar agverios. es er-
Tob hgavs im mkvlevaris samuSaos,
romelmac ramdenime Zvlis mixedviT
unda aRadginos dinozavris ConCxi, an
erT nafexurze dayrdnobiT mTeli pop-
ulaciis bedi aRweros. Secdomebisgan
dazRveuli am SemTxvevaSi veravin iqne-
ba. mTavari kiTxva ki, albaT, Semdegia: ra
undaT patriarqis mowinaaRmdegeebs
konkretulad? ra (vin) aiZulebT maT
mkveTrad gaaqtiurdnen?
maTi saxeli legionia
dasawyisisTvis, mizanSewonilia
CamovTvaloT is jgufebi, romlebic mon-
awileobdnen patriarqis an misi ideebis
mwvave kritikaSi, mis winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tul sxvadasxva tipis aqciebSi, rogorc
am bolo dros, ise adre.
1) liberaluri Sexedulebebis mqone
sekularistebis jgufi. mis birTvs
xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli ram-
denime inteleqtuali warmoadgens.
ideaSi, maTi mTavari sazrunavia ekle-
siasa da saxelmwifos Soris urTier-
Tobis mowyoba sakuTari rwmena-war-
modgenebis mixedviT. Tumca, bolo
dapirispirebaSi am jgufis mTavar fun-
qcias warmoadgenda movlenebis warmo-
Cena bunebriv konflitad ,,progresul
sazogadoebasa da retrograd sapa-
triarqos Soris”, mTavar asparezs ki
xelisuflebis mier kontrolirebadi
media.
2) yofil sasuliero pirTa da sapa-
triarqos saswavlo dawebulebebis
yofil studentTa erTi, friad konso-
lidirebuli jgufi. maT surT eklesi-
is gardaqmna sakuTari Sexdulebebis
mixedviT, ,,drois moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad” da saeklesio struq-
turaSi damkvidreba. am jgufis winaSe
bolo dros ramdenime tipis amocana
dgas a) informaciis Segroveba sapa-
triarqos SigniT mimdinare procesebze
b) aqtiuri RonisZiebebi patriarqis
diskreditaciisaTvis g) sakuTari rige-
bis gafarToeba axalgazrdebis gadmo-
birebis gziT, rogorc saeklesio struq-
turis SigniT, ise mrevlSi d) Worebis
gavrceleba da a.S.
3) calkeuli sasuliero pirebi, rom-
lebmac sakuTari gavlenis gafarToe-
bisaTvis gadawyvites mokavSireebi ek-
lesiis gareT moeZebnaT. am jgufis
mTavari (samomavlo) funqcia
daaxloebiT iseTia, Sua sakuneebSi rom
hqondaT im adamianebs, romelnic
gadamwyveti Sturmis dros mowinaaR-
mdeges uRebdnen karibWes. dRes isini
dakavebulni arian informaciis
SegrovebiT da ukmayofiloTa frTxili
gadmobirebiT. Tumca, maT jer ar Seu-
ZliaT eklesiis SigniT mZlavri, ganx-
eTqilebisTvis sakmarisi, opoziciuri
fraqcia Seqmnan.
4) mixeil saakaSvilis Tanagun-
delebis da momxreebis jgufi, romlis
wevrebi miiCneven, rom ilia II-s av-
toriteti da eklesiis mzardi gavle-
na safrTxes uqmnis maTi miznebis ganx-
orcielebas. maT xelSia uzarmazari
saxelisuflebo da mediaresursi, Tum-
ca isini nawilobriv SezRudulni ar-
ian mis gamoyenebaSi, radgan patriarqis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebis
gamoaSkaraveba sazogadoebis mkveTrad
uaryofiT reaqcias gamoiwvevs. am jgu-
fis wevrebs, SeuZlia mixeil
saakaSvilze zegavlenis moxdenac, raTa
daarwmunon ama Tu im gancxadebis an mo-
qmedebis aucileblobaSi.
5) garkveuli jgufi adamianebisa,
romlebic sakuTar Tavs prezident gam-
saxurdias momxreebs uwodeben, Tumca
dRes, ukve sakmaod Sors dganan misi
idebisgan da ,,zviadistebis” ZiriTadi
nawilisagan. isini savsebiT gulwrfe-
lad Tvlian, rom ilia II-s pozicia 1991-
93 wlebis krizisis dros araswori iyo.
maT ZiriTad funqcias warmoadgens mo-
qmedeba patriarqis imijis Sesalaxad.
jgufis asparezi SezRudulia, Tumca
mas aqtiuroba axasiaTebs.
6) radikalebis jgufi eklesiis Sig-
niT, romlebic patriarqs ,,zedmeti
liberalurobisaTvis” akritikebs. maTi
mTavari amocana eklesiis fundamen-
talistur poziciebze gadayvanaa.
isinic gulwrfelad moqmedeben da ar
imyofebian kavSirSi CamoTvlil
jgufebTan, Tumca es ar gamoricxavs maT
irib gamoyenebas savaraudo SeTq-
mulebis miznebidan gamomdinare.
7) ucxo konfesiebis is warmomad-
genlebi, romlebic tradiciul
dapirispirebaSi imyofebian saqarTve-
los sapatriarqosTan. marTalia am
dapirispirebas aqvs garkveuli SemzRu-
davi wesebi, romelTac mxareebi icaven,
Tumca am jgufebs veravin Seakavebs
imisagan, rom isargeblon Seqnili daZ-
abulobiT da kritikul momentSi mkve-
Trad gaaqtiurdnen.
8) im ucxo qveynebis (an transna-
cionaluri gaerTianebebis) reziden-
turebi, romlebic Tvlian rom qarTuli
eklesiis Sexedulebebi, misi dRevandeli
roli qarTul sazogadoebaSi sazianoa
maTi sasicocxlo interesebisaTvis.
maT SeuZliaT Seasrulon mniSvnelovani
roli sxvadasxva jgufebis koordina-
ciaSi, maT uzrunvelyofaSi informa-
ciiT, gegmebis SedgenaSi da a.S. (am jgu-
fis saqmianobis analizis dros iolia
gadavarde SeTqmulebis TeoriaSi, ase
rom aRvniSnoT, rom istoriaSi uamravi
magaliTia imisa Tu rogor cdilobda
esa Tu is saxelmwifo dapyrobili an
dasapyrobi qveynis ierarqebis da saek-
lesio struqturebis gamoyenebas).
9) jgufi, romelsac pirobiTad Sei-
Zleba ,,momavlis rezervi” vuwodoT. igi
aerTianebs im politikosebs da arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciebis aqtivistebs,
romlebic dRes, taqtikuri mosazrebe-
bidan gamomdinare ar upirispirdebian
patriarqs pirovnulad. jerjerobiT,
maTi mTavari funqcia misi ideebis
(monarqiis aRdgena, ganaTlebis sis-
temis gajansaReba da a.S.) diskredita-
ciaa. es adamianebi estafetas
saakaSvilis xelisuflebidan wasvlis
Semdeg miiReben.
yvela es jgufi adrec awarmoebda
sakuTar, erTgvar partizanul oms ek-
lesiis winaaRmdeg. Tumca bolo Tveeb-
Si maTi Zalisxmeva, aSkarad koor-
dinirebuli, erTi gegmis farglebSi mo-
qceuli gaxda (rasac Tavad CamoTvlili
aqtivistebis didi nawili, albaT, nakle-
bad acnobierebs) da seriozuli sain-
formacio uzrunvelyofa miiRo. Sei-
Zleba gaCndes kiTxva, vin axdens am
jgufebis koordinirebas? vin xelmZR-
vanelobs operacias?
amasTanave, ibadeba erTi kiTxvac _
ratom ar xdeba sapatriarqos mier saku-
Tari mowinaaRmdegeebis saxelobiTi
CamoTvla, mxileba, sakiTxebis
dakonkreteba. CamoTvlil jgufebs
sazogadoeba xom isedac aRiqvams, ro-
gorc marginalurs da ubralod
sabolood moikveTavs maT, rac erTob
ganmuxtavs daZabulobas. es, TiTqosda,
logikuri iqneboda. ratom ar akeTebs
amas patriarqi? amasTan dakavSirebiT,
erTi Zveli istoria gamaxsenda:
keTili uyaviT Tqvens moZuleT...
1945-46 wlebSi niurnbergis procesis
paralelurad evropaSi sxva, dRes
naklebad cnobili sasamarTlo proce-
sebi imarTeboda, asamarTlebdnen
damnaSaveebs sakoncentracio banakebis
personalidan. erT-erT aseT procesze
sagulisxmo SemTxveva moxda.
yvelaferi martivadaa _ batono,
samarTlianobis zeimi, _ gansasjelTa
skamze ,,ss”-is oficeri, mkvleli da
sadisti; mowmis adgilze ki misi msxver-
pli, cocxal-mkvdari, aCrdilad qceuli
yofili patimari, romlis Tvalwin
braldebuli dRidan dRemde xocavda
adamianebs, xolo Tavad mas ise awameb-
da, rom albaT sjobda Tavidanve
moekla. moyveba mowme Tavis ambavs _ aR-
sruldeba marTlmsajuleba da izeimebs
samarTlianoba, elodeba sazogadoeba
da mosamarTle; TiTqos yvela is pa-
timaric, yvela is bavSvic, romelic mok-
la am arakacma, aqve darbazSia da
elodeba, ras ityvis mowme.
da mowmemac Tqva... ,,me ar mogcemT
Cvenebas am adamianis winaaRmdeg”. ratom?
_ ikiTxa (albaT gaognebulma)
mosamarTlem.
,,imitom rom, me mivxvdi, _ Tqva mowmem,
_ mivxvdi, rom gamCenisaTvis misi suli,
iseTive Zvirfasia, rogorc Cemi”. Tqva da
gavida darbazidan.
ra Tqma unda moiZebnen sxva mowmee-
bic. raRa Tqma unda zedamxedveli
gaasamarTles, ganaCeni gamoutanes da
CamoaRrCves kidevac. erTia mxolod,
sikvdilis win man mRvdelTan Sexvedra
iTxova, aRsareba Caabara da eziara.
,,giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebi da keTili
uyaviT Tqvens moZuleT”...
TiTqosda, yvelaferi gaioldeboda,
Tu mkafiod gaJRerdeboda vin ebrZvis
patriarqs da eklesias. oriode saaTSi,
problema, gamartivebuli, saero gagebiT,
moixsneboda. magram es ar moxdeba. ram-
denadac mesmis, ilia II imiT gansx-
vavdeba Tavisi mtrebisgan, rom ar
sZuls, maT Semobrunebaze fiqrobs da
damatebiT dros aZlevs. es faqtori
dapirispirebaSi mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs, konfliqtis anatomia ki, cota
ufro rTulia, vidre Cans.
ratom Cqaroben ase?
TiToeuli jgufebidan, calke aRe-
buli saSiSroebas ar warmoadgens.
metic, maT nawilTan polemika, albaT
sasargeblocaa postsekularuli epoqis
konturebis gamokveTis procesSi,
romelzec dRes amdens saubroben.
saSiSni isini mxolod maSin xdebian,
rodesac erTi strategiuli gegmis
farglebSi moqmedeben.
eklesiis gavlenis zrdidan, av-
tomaturad ar gamomdinareobs masTan
brZolis aucilebloba. Tu xelisu-
flebasa da eklesias Soris (istoriaSi
bevri magaliTia) rig principul sak-
iTxebze mainc konsensusi arsebobs,
masStabur Setakebas maT Soris adgili
ar eqneba. saqarTveloSi ase ar aris.
patriarqis qadagebebSi SeiZleba
gamoiyos ramdenime mniSvnelovani mo-
menti, romelic ukavSirdeba saqarTve-
los momaval ganviTarebas, axalgazr-
dobis beds. igi saubrobs tradiciebis
erTgulebaze, rogorc eris gadarCenis
mTavar winapirobaze, mizanmimarTul
Setevaze, romelic erovnuli cno-
bierebis winaaRmdeg xorcieldeba, imaze,
rom saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma
Tavisi saqmianoba unda warmarTon
sazogadoebis umravlesobis (marTlma-
didebeli qristianebis) interesebis
Sesabamisad. mis qadagebebSi da bolo
wlebis epistoleebSi Zalian bevri
saintereso iniciativaa _ demografi-
uli problemis gadawyvetis, ganaTlebis,
ekonomikis ganviTarebis, soflis meur-
neobis aRorZinebis, adamianis uflebe-
bis dacvis da sxva sferoSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom misi ideebi
principul winaaRmdegobaSi modis
xelisuflebis politikasTan, es Tavis-
Tavad ar aris sakmarisi mizezi im
masStabis mtruli moqmedebisTvis,
romelic gasul TveebSi ganxorcielda.
aris kidev erTi idea, romelTan mi-
marTebaSic patriarqis pozicia ara mx-
olod gamaRizianebelia misi mtre-
bisTvis, aramed Seicavs potenciur
safrTxes ucxo qveynebis interesebis
ganxorcielebisaTvis. es, erTi SexedviT
uwyinari, monarqiis aRdgenis ideaa.
saqme imaSia, rom xelisuflebis le-
gitimaciis wyaro, CvenTan, iseve rogorc
sxva sust saxelmwifoebSi, qveynis far-
glebs gareT mdebareobs. Cvens poli-
tikosebs xelisuflebaSi mosvlisTvis
yovelTvis sWirdebodaT araformaluri,
magram gadamwyveti Tanxmoba moskovidan,
Semdgom vaSingtonidan. mefe am Tval-
sazrisiT Tavisufalia, igi ar aris
damokidebuli gare Zalaze. es, TiTqos,
arafers cvlis, radgan maTTvis, vinc re-
alurad akontrolebs xelisuflebis
berketebs, yvelaferi Zveleburad darCe-
ba. magram gaCndeba xelisuflebis axali
centri, romelsac SeeZleba ganaxor-
cielos mediacia gavlenis sxvadasxva
jgufebs Soris, da, manevrirebis pro-
cesSi TandaTan gamoiyvanos maTi (da
gare) kontrolidan qveynisTvis sasic-
ocxlod mniSvnelovani sferoebi;
wamoayenos garkveuli pirobebi, im
principebis Sesabamisad, romelsac
iziarebs sazogadoebis marTlmadide-
beli umravlesoba _ saqarTvelos md-
gomareoba gaumjobesdeba.
am WrilSi monarqiis aRdgena Sei-
Zleba ganixiloT rogorc realuri
damoukideblobis miRwevisaTvis, dekol-
onizaciisaTvis aucilebeli revolu-
ciuri idea, romelic ar moswonT maT,
visi miznebic sapirispiroa.
faqtia, rom patriarqis moRvaweobis
Sedegad eklesiis gavlena Zalian gai-
zarda. misi mowinaaRmdegeebi cdiloben
daasuston eklesia an sakuTari ideebs
ruporad aqcion. es ar gamosdiT, ama-
sobaSi ki, warsulisagan da sindisisa-
gan Tavisufali ,,axali tipis qarTve-
lebi”, romelTa Seqmnaze ase zrunavd-
nen ,,vardebis revoluciis” mTavari ar-
qiteqtorebi, sinjaraSive suls Rafa-
ven da friad samarcxvinod wkmutune-
ben (detalebi sociologebTan).
gaafTrebuli brZolis dawyebis
mTavari mizezi ki drois deficitia,
vinaidan:
a) eklesiis mxardaWeris pirobebSi
qarTuli sazogadoeba ubrundeba
tradiciul Rirebulebebs da iwyebs
aqtiur brZolas maTi damkvidrebisTvis.
es procesi Seuqcevad xasiaTs iZens;
b) saakaSvilis xelisuflebaSi yof-
nis dro Zalian swrafad iwureba, xolo
qveynis momaval mmarTvelebs, miuxe-
davad maTi orientaciisa, obieqturi
mizezebidan gamomdinare eklesiis mi-
marT gacilebiT frTxili politikis
gatareba, metic, amJamad mimdinare anti-
saeklesio kampaniis monawileebis qmedi-
Ti SezRudva mouwevT.
saerTod, maTi bolo ieriSi raRaciT
hgavs damarcxebuli jaris qmedebas,
romelic ZalTa ukanaskneli mokrebiT
cdilobs gaanadguros gamarjvebulTa
sardali. am dros albaT yuradRebis,
nebisyofis da moTminebis SenarCunebaa
saWiro. swored im moTminebis, romelzec
ilia II-m Tqva: ,,man vinc iswavla moT-
mineba, iswavla TiTqmis yvelaferi”.
r.SalamberiZe
vin da ratom ebrZvis patriarqs?
8 ilori
xsovnis striqonebinawyvetebs megrul enaze Seqmnili istoriuli poemidan
“bulaTia”, romlis avtori gaxlavT Tavdadebuli ma-
muliSvili da WeSmariti poeti daniel pavles Ze
fifia, gTavazobT gazeT “ilorSi”. 113-e weli ileva po-
etis dabadebidan. igi 28 wlis asakSi Seiwira poli-
tikurma uamindobam _ samSoblos siyvaruliT
gamsWvaluli gulanTebuli patrioti 1924 wlis Teber-
valSi daapatimres imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis dros iyo zug-
didis samazro komitetis pasuxismgebeli propagan-
disti. dapatimrebisas daniel fifia Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis mesame kursze swavlobda.
daniel fifia bulaTia
bJaqg ekin eSe-eSe
gafuru Tudo dixa.
sunCxeq Zalami Seawux
gurielxe qvarafixa:
zojg: “oko qobZireni
Cqini Waqvinjuri jixa _
Teqiani mosvanjini
miCqg vare gvalo xixa”.
gurielxe Tquanduni
iyukoni oko Tiqg.
mi iyidg movarie
Sxva gubedas vara miqg;
muWo arTi koCin TeSi
dejer arTo jalabiqg;
ekilesg do misvanjes,
iyu bira laafiqg.
misTi Sara merCamuni
zugidiSe bJaiolc,
jveSi sofeli Waqvinjire
xvale Jiri saTiS olc.
viTi versiT vailna
qaladirTi dikoncxg
qoZirgq oZirafu
vaujwrq Tqvano Tolcg:
muki-muki sukefi re
moTinili falo tkili
babuSobaS curuefiT
gobondRili, gofinili;
caSi wvandi unWun feri _
arZo Sxu do arZo rCing,
sukiSi wvancg fuTqurami
cximurefi mukorSving.
Jir saJeniS maJiaSe
emer wyurgil mosofunc,
gvarTa-gvarTa mukmoxorcg,
quaSi kidas mikofuncqg,
ukul tkilcg uzogaro
gianTxu do gvargvalanc,
jununc yorofiliSoro,
bonuncg do xvarCalancg;
Tudo qviSa varCxiliSi
eTmoceng, varkalancd;
bJaS Cxorias gemSutyobu
Sqas miSabarCxalancg.
gijineqg iSo-aSo
dugarZRu Suri, guri.
xeSqaguriSoro moCqg
jveS oxvame wendixuri;
WiTa gvala, Tudo squri,
naoxvamu obujuri,
jveS borjiSi moWiSefi
amdRa arZo uminjuri.
mzem TandaTan aiwia,
aadina miwas buri,
sicxem metad Seawuxa
gurielxe tanad sruli.
brZana: “minda vinaxulo
Cemi jixa Waqvinjuri.
aris metad saamuri
iqauri dasveneba”.
gurielxe rom ityoda,
isurvebda odnav: neta,
aba, viRa iqneboda
uari rom Seebeda.
axlac erTxmad daeTanxma
erTianad, mTlad jalabi, mere
gorze abanakdnen
simReriTa da TamaSiT.
Tu savali gqonebiaT
zugdididan aRmosavleT
ZirZvel sofel Waqvinjs naxavT
ori saaTis gzas Tu galevT.
aTi versic ar iqneba
TavdaRmarTi moCans cerad
aseTia sanaxebi
Tvalebisa aRar gjera.
irgvliv yvelgan gorebia
pitalo klded aSverili,
miTaJamis suroebiT
Sesudruli, Sefenili.
cas kenwero rom uwvdeba,
yvela jmuxi, tani mTeli.
goris Tavze Sexavsuli,
rcxilnaria Zvelis Zveli.
saJenobiT simaRlidan
wyaroebi gadmoSxuis,
talRa-talRad moxeTqili
pitalo kldes rom askdeba.
enarcxeba qvis tafaze,
duRdeba da TuxTuxdeba
satrfosaviT gars exveva
TiTqo bans da ikocneba.
qveS ireva vercxlis qviSa
dgas ferebis kamkami,
mzis sxivebi Sig SeWrilan
momxiblveli barCxaliT.
gaxedav da gagaxarebs
are atkbobs Sesaferi,
xelisgulze gamoCndeba
walenjixis monasteri,
wiTeli mTa, qvemoT squri,
obujelTa nasaydrali,
Zveli drois kargi mowme,
dRes suyvela Sesabrali.
amonaridi social-feder-
alistebis partiis mTavari
komitetis organoSi, gazeT
“saxalxo saqmeSi” dabeWdili
kote kobaxiZis 1919 wlis 3
ivnisis werilidan _ “meunar-
gias dasaflaveba”.
“Camovidnen... maT Soris
megrel avtonomistTa jgufis
“mafalus” warmomadgeneli. yve-
las warmomadgenelma war-
mosTqva sityva... romlebmac
zogaderovnuli poziciebidan
Seafases i.meunargia rogorc
“saqarTvelos moRvawe”. magram,
meore mxriv samegrelos avton-
omistTa jgufis “mafalus”
warmomadgeneli stud. kan-va
(kankava mixeili _ g.c.) raRac
axal hangze aJRerda da imit-
om misi sityva ganmartoebulad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos... gar-
daicvala samegrelos saukeTe-
so Svili iona meunargia,
romelmac yvela evropel mec-
nier-mkvlevarT da politikur
moRvaweT, vinc ki kavkasiaSi
Camodioda, an kavkasiis cx-
ovrebiT dainteresebul iyo...
gaacno samegrelos warsuli
da awmyo viTareba da saqmiT
cdilobda megreli xalx-
isaTvis warmateba moepovebina.
nikoloz meoris borkilebis
damsxvrevis Semdeg qarTveleb-
Tan (anu “qorTuebTan” erTad _
g.c.) Cvenc movelodiT Svebas
da roca es ar marTldeba,
swored exla samegrelosaTvis
fasdaudebeli iyo i.meunar-
gias sicocxle... mkiTxveli
albaT mixvdeba, Tu ra surs
“mafalus”, misi mizanis
samegrelos Tavisufleba
moupovos. aSkarad ar Cans mx-
olod am Tavisuflebis forma
_ damoukidebloba, Tu avtono-
mia, kerZod cnobebiT ki
“mafalu” avtonomiis moTxov-
nas unda apirebdes. mizani
maTi deklaraciuli sityvisa,
Cemis azriT, erTaderTia _
Tavisuflebis lozungi
xalxSi gadaisrolon da
Sesaferisi muSaoba amieridan
axlad awarmoon. uneblied
magondeba egnate ninoSvilis
dasaflaveba, romlis drosac
social-demokratiulma parti-
am organizaciulad xorci
Seisxa. exlac analogiur
movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme, mx-
olod im gansxvavebiT, rom eg-
nate ninoSvili social-
demokratiuli partiis
moZRvrebas iziarebda, i.meu-
nargis ki aramc Tu iziarebda
“mafalu”-s jgufis miswrafebas,
vfiqrob, arc ki icoda am jgu-
fis arseboba... uadgiloa am
werilSi “mafalus” mis-
wrafebaTa kritikuli ganxil-
va, radgan maTi mizani da
samoqmedo gegma mTlianad ara
maqvs gacnobili, vityvi mx-
olod, 3.500 wlis ganmavlobaSi
qarTveli eris modgmaT, maT
Soris megrelebsac, bevrjer
ugemniaT sitkboeba da simware
urTierTSoris Tanxmobisa da
SuRlisa da vimedovneb igi Ses-
Zlebs warsulis gaTval-
iswinebiT momavalSi aicdinos
siZulvilis morigi maxe
romelic qarTveli eris sx-
vadasxva tomTa Soris mtrobis
CamogdebaSi gamoixateba. am
azris WeSmariteba i.meunar-
gias mtkiced swamda“.
komentari: akaki kobaxiZem
(kobaxiam) am weriliT, faqto-
brivad Tavisi da Tanamoazre-
Ta partiul-politikuri da
patriotuli pozicia
gamoavlina, da ara is, rom
“mafalus” da misi mesveurebis
separatizmis Sesaxeb simar-
Tle asaxa.
2. amonaridebi Seuracxy-
ofili stefane gaguas piradi,
fragmentuli Canawerebidan,
romelic foTSi mivlinebis
dros misi memkvidreebis mier
Semonaxul xelnawerebSi
moviZie:
“mafalu aris jgufi, romel-
ic cdilobs zepir gadmoce-
maTa legendebiT da sxvagvar
salarod poeziis Sevsebas
mecnierebisaTvis da es cil-
iswameba, romelic miaweres
am jgufs sruliad usa-
fuZvlod sinamdvilis
gadaWarbebiT gaugiaT.
rom Seavsos da Seasworos
qarTuli sityva sasiamovno
saSen... (aRar ikiTxeba _ g.c.).
“gana me Cems qveyanas ar vem-
saxurebodi... me miyvars Cemi
xalxi da RviZli...
de Cemma namowafrebma Cemi
sikvdilis Semdeg sTqvan Tu
ra provokaciebiT var da gam-
cemaT sircxvili Wkvianebs. me
Cemi samsaxuriT da agreTve...
usamarTlo adamianur... zug-
didelebs hkiTxon Tu ra
gamikeTebia aseT dros, roca
maseTebia... qarTvelTa ena iyo
devnili. araferi ar minda.
guli mtkiva... magram jer kidev
ratom var da vTqva sanam es
Seuferebeli saxeli SemarqviT
vici ar gamarTldeba igi.
yvela naxvamdis, iyaviT bed-
nieri colSvilTan miviwyebu-
li aTvaliswinebuli”...
“pativcemul spiridon kei-
dias
saqarTvelos gazeT “erTo-
baSi” cocxlad weris... Cemi md-
gomareoba pirdapir au-
tanelia. pasuxi gavugzavne.
ar dabeWda da Tan sasacilod
amigdo. simarTles emsaxureba,
raRa?.. vis eqomageba. amas qvia
miudgomeli presa? Cems pasuxs
Semoitans TqvenTan studenti
kankava da amitom simarTlis
aRsadgenad damibeWdavT.
...egeb guli ar gamiskdes...
vigeme da marTla davrwmundi
ro sindisis RmerTi jer ar
dabadebula.
yvelaferi moCvenebaa da
gaSavebuli sityvebis brigini.
amas mohyveba “vikurivanie iz
gimnazii”. zogierTs gau-
marTlebs. barem esec Semi-
sruldes.
sajgiro ujguSiSe giSerC-
qindudas (mjobnis mjobni ar
dailioso _ g.c.). 1919 wlis 6
ivlisi“.
wyaro: stefane gaguas ubis
wignakis Canawerebi.
komentarebi: 1. stefane gaguas
ubis wignakis Canawerebi Ses-
rulebulia saxeldaxelod, fan-
qriT, punqtuaciisa da stilis
dacvis gareSe. azri xSirad
damTavrebis gareSe wydeba. zog-
jer SeuZlebeli xdeba xelnaw-
eris amokiTxva. magram risi
amokrefac SevZeli, vfiqrob, rom
Rirebulebis mqonea.
2. ubis wignakis Canawere-
bidan Cans, rom misma patron-
ma usamarTlo braldeba
Tavdapirvelad imdenad gani-
cada, rom yvelas emSvidobeba
“miviwyebuli, aTvaliswinebu-
li”, magram isic Cans, rom
k.kobaxiZis Seuracxmyofeli
werilis gamoqveynebis (3.VI.1919)
Semdeg erTi Tvis manZilze
(6.VII.1919) Zala moukrebia da
cilismwameblebTan Sebr-
Zoleba gadauwyvetia.
SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos,
rom st.gaguam sapasuxo
sityviT Tavdapirvelad imave
gazeTs mimarTa, romelmac
k.kobaxiZis Seuracxmyofeli
werili simarTlesaviT
gamoaqveyna. magram aramc Tu
ar daubeWdes, kidevac
dascines. amitom igi iZule-
buli gaxda miamarTa
kuTvnili, erovnul-
demokratiuli partiis lid-
erisa da amave partiis
mTavaro organos redaqtoris
spiridon keidiasaTvis da ki
ar eTxova, aramed moeTxova
sapasuxo werilis mis gazeTSi
gamoqveyneba.
3. stefane gaguas mier spiri-
don keidias mimarT gagzavnili
werilidan kargad Cans, rom edp-
s lideri da am partiis mTavari
organos redaqtori misTvis sak-
maod axlo damokidebulebis
mqone pirovnebaa da misTvis
“mafaluus” saqmianobis namdvili
arsisa Tu miswrafebebis Sesaxeb
winaswar unda yofiliyo cno-
bili. spiridon keidia ki im-
droindel saqarTveloSi ara
marto kargad iyo cnobili,
aramed mas am dros ukve uaR-
resad bevri hqonda gakeTebuli
saqarTvelos damoukideblo-
bisaTvis brZolis Tval-
sazrisiT. amasTanave, erovnul-
demokratiuli partia gaxlavT
ilia WavWavaZis patriotuli
ideebis erT-erTi yvelaze Tan-
mimdevruli memkvidre. am
sinamdviles spiridon keidias
erovnul-patriotuli Rvawlia
amsaxveli mravali publikacia
da specialuri monografia
aSuqebs (ix. g.SaraZe, spiridon
keidia. wignSi _ “ucxoeTis cis
qveS”, w.I, Tb. 1991, gv.94-17: s. Ci-
javaZe _ kedia, nasmen-naxuli, TB.
2001: o.janeliZe, narkvevebi
saqarTvelos erovnul-
demokratiuli partiis istori-
idan, Tb. 2002 da mravali sxva).
isini cxadyofen, rom sp.keidias
erovnul-patriotuli garja
efuZvneboda uaRres principu-
lobas da erovnuli interese-
bisaTvis Seupovrobas. maSasadame,
“mafaluus” lideri st..gagua,
misTvis dabralebuli avtono-
mistobisa da separatistobis
Tundac nawilobrivi
danaSaulis SemT- xvevaSi sp.kei-
dias mxardaWerisaTvis ver mi-
marTavda da miT umetes Tanad-
gomas misgan ver moiTxovda.
m a f a l u
akofovma icoda, rogor Seswy-
oboda gubernatorebs yvelas da,
rogorc SeZlebuli kaci, yovelTvis
win miuZRoda, Tu ram deputacia iyo
moqalaqeTagan misagzavni visTanme,
yvelas acinebda Tavis rusulis la-
parakiT da am rusulis oinbazur
damaxinjebiT sawadels yovelTvis
eweoda, saxeldobr misi naTqvamis
dedaazrs sulmudam miuxvdebo-
den,radgan usmenden xolme. erTxel
gubernatori beliavski raRazedac
gauwyra somex-kaTolikeT da brZa-
na masTan gamocxadebuliyvnen. be-
liavski yviroda _ nebas aravis
mivscem aq sxvadasxva partiebi iyo-
so da sityva “partia” ramdenjerme
ganimeora Turme. roca beliavskis
gauTavebia, laparaki daewyo ako-
fovs: “ra partias brZanebT, Tqveno
aRmatebulesobav, Cven aseTi par-
tiebisa araferi viciT, Tqveno aR-
matebulesobav; partias mxolod
meoTxed kapikobiT vTamaSobT (qa-
Raldis TamaSobaSi).
beliavskis ver gaego akofovis
pasuxi da qarTulad ekiTxvinebina,
_ ris Tqma undoda. aRmoCnda, rom
akofovi viTomc fiqrobda, rom gu-
bernatori sityva “partias”-s rom
axsenebda, hgulisxmobda preferan-
sis partias da viTomc swyreba, so-
mex-kaTolikeni rogora hbedaven
preferansis TamaSobaso. guberna-
tors, akofovis komikur-seriozul
saxes rom uyurebda, Zalauneburad
gaecina, laparakis kilo gamoicvala,
mousmina somex-kaTolikeT, rac saTq-
meli hqondaT, da gaigo, rom mas so-
mex-kaTolikeTa winaaRmdeg amxed-
rebda meqrTame policmeisteri, da
yvelani mSvidobiT gauSva. xumro-
biT replika akofovisa Zalian ga-
modga.
rogorc SeZlebul kacs, ro-
gorc saWiro kaci, ise hqonda sax-
lakari mowyobili. misi saxli
mTels quTaisSi yvela saxlsa
sjobda; saxls baRica hqonda da
Sig gamodioda didi veranda. misi
coli tfilisSi iyo aRzrdili.
rusulad saucxovod laparakobda
da metad mosiyvarule diasaxlisis
saxeli hqonda gavardnili. mis
saxlSi xSirad imarTeboda saRa-
moebi da am saRamoebs TiTqmis mTe-
li qalaqi eswreboda. didi mxia-
ruleba iyo xolme am saRamoebze;
es saRamoebi metad gemriel ime-
rul vaxSiT Tavdeboda, auarebeli
Rvino ismeboda, rogorc kaxuri, ise
evropuli. maspinZlis Tavazianobas
da misive SeTxzul rusul lapa-
rakis Tavisebur goneba-simaxvi-
les sazRvari ara hqonda.
erTis sityviT, kaTolikeTa uban-
Si akofovi pirvel kacad iTvle-
boda da am ubnis despoti, mRvdeli
don antonioc ki pativiscemiT epy-
roboda. es mRvdelic, gvarad gla-
xiaSvili, quTaisSi iyo dabadebuli,
didxans ecxovrna romSi, iq Turme
samRvdelod emzadeboda da pater-
ieziutis qceva-mamarTuleba zedmi-
wevniT SeeTvisebina. kaTolikeTa
ubani SiSiT kankalebda don anto-
nios winaSe, radgan iqauri qalebi
sityva-Seubruneblada hyavda da-
morCilebuli, yvelas aSinebda jo-
joxeTSi codvilTaTvis gamzadebul
yovelgvar satanjvelebiT; xolo qa-
lebis saSualebiT antonio hbato-
nobda mamakacebzedac. metis-meti
asketi ram iyo, misi tanisamosi “se-
vidiel dalaqSi” don bazilios mo-
gagonebdaT. sakanonos ganwesebis
dros pirdapir Seubralebeli iyo
da TiTqmis saSualo saukunoebis
zomiss sakanonos uwesebda cod-
vilT. xSirad naxavdiT mis mier zia-
rebisagan ganyenebulT, romelTac
raRac gasanTluli qlamindebi ec-
vaT, xelSi anTebuli sanTlebi eWi-
raT da daCoqilni ise dabobRavdnen
eklesiaSi; kargaxans amyofebda ase
momnaniebelT, sanam ar Seundobda.
da aseTi sastiki moZRvari ise iyo
akofovis mier morbilebuli, rom ne-
bas aZlevda, TavisTanac ki prefe-
ransi eTamaSna cotaze.
kolubiakins akofovi tfilisSi
jer maSin icnobda, roca kolu-
biakini jer kidev dabalis xaris-
xis moxele iyo; mere vice-guber-
natoroba miiRo quTaisSi, da roca
gubernatorad daniSnes, ornive
erTmaneTs dauaxlovden rogorc
Zveli, kargi nacnobebi. raki icoda
kolubiakinma, marTla ramdenaT
kai kaci iyo akofovi, Tavisis sa-
stumros mudmiv wevrad gaxada,
sruls Tavisuflebas aZlevda mis
ueSmako oxunjobas, xolo saRamo-
obiT imarTeboda sayvareli pre-
feransi.
da ai aseTs preferanss garSemo
usxden Cveulebrivi moTamaSeni, am
Tavis dasawyisSi ro movixsenieT.
akofovi ubralod Txilis guls
Camovida da vistianebi usamod das-
tova. astyda saSineli xarxari. am
dros ucbad gubernatoris saxlis
ezoSi gaisma safosto zaris wkaruni,
da safosto uremi mZimed migorda
aivanTan. raki zari akruli ar iyo,
adamians unda efiqrna, rom
momsvlels Zalian eCqareboda. pirve-
lad is vifiqreT _ tfilisidan xom
ar aris Sikriki, mefis nacvlis mier
gamogzavnilio? magram gaiara erT-
ma wuTma da yvelas gagvikvirda, roca
kabinetSi Semovida grZel aCeCil
Tmiani, TeTr Coxiani, mtvriT da-
faruli da talaxis SxefebiT
mosvrili kaci, romlis cnoba erT-
baSad gagviWirda. es iyo megreli
TavadiSvili nikoloz aleqsandres
Ze miqaZe. mosulma kolubiakins
gadasca werili da dasZina: “eka-
terinesagan gaxlavarTo”.
axsna ar gvWiroda, vicodiT, rom
“ekaterine” iyo _ samegrelos ded-
ofali, ubrwyinvalesis daviT da-
dianis meuRle.
werili mokle iyo. kolubiakinma
xelaT gadahkra Tvali, daagdo magi-
daze da gviTxra: waikiTxeTo. TviTon
skamidan wamodga, etyoboda, Semkr-
Tali iyo. mivida miqaZesTan da
dauwyo gamokiTxva.
werilis Sinaarsi, daaxloebiT
aseTi iyo:
“samegrelo mTlad ajanyebulia, _
iwereboda dedofali, _ me srulebiT
ar SemiZlia Tavi gavarTva. glexebi
sul mTlad Tavs gavidnen;
SeiaraRebuli brboebi srulebiT
ar gvemorCilebian. Tu RmerTi
gwamsT, Tqven TviTon momeSveleniT.
nikoloz petres Zev, da Tan wamoasx-
iT, sul ukanaskneli, 500 yazax-rusi
mainc; maSin-Ra SemeZleba ajanyeba
Cavaqro. erTi wuTic ar daaxanoT. me
qvaSxorSi vimyofebi da yvela mxri-
dan ajanyebul glexebi martyia. mi-
faraven Cemi erTguli Tavadebi.
ekaterine”.
miqaZe daRlilobisagan Zlivas
laparakobda. ocdaaTiod versis
manZili cxenis WenebiT gamouvlia
(samegreloSi maSin jer kidev ar iyo
safosto sadgurebi, romlebic omer-
faSas Semosevis dros daangries os-
malebma) da quTaisis guberniaSi rom
Semosula, safosto sadgurze safos-
to uremSi Camjdariyo da cxenebs
dauzogavad moerekeboda Turme.
ar SeeZlo dalagebiT, gabmiT
eTqva rame, nawyvet-nawyvetad la-
parakobda... isRa gavigeT, rom ajanye-
ba am eqvsis Tvis winad dawyebula.
dedofali am dros peterburgSi iyo
wasuli imperator aleqsandre
nikolozis Zis kurTxevaze
dasaswreblad. iqidan dabrunda
maisSi da yovlis RonisZiebiT
Seecada samegreloSi mSvidoba dae-
myarebina, magram yovelma cdam
amaoT Cauara da ajanyeba saSinlaT
moedo iqaurobas. memamuleni glexe-
bis brboebs emalebodnen, radgan
glexebi saca miaswrebdnen,
Seubraleblad eqceodnen; TviTon
dedofals saSiSroeba moeloda da
Tavi Seefarebina Tavis naTesavTan
meniki dadianis qalTan, qviSixorSi,
da masTan imyofebodnen grigoli da
konstantine dadianebi, mis mic-
valebul qmris, samegrelos mTavris,
daviTis Zmebi.
uRmerToba iqneboda Cvenis mxriv,
didsxans gagveCerebina daRlil-
daqanculi da damSeuli miqaZe da am-
bavi gamogvekiTxna, amitom, kolubi-
akinma ubrZana sasadiloSi vaxSami
moetanaT da miqaZec iqiT waayvanina,
TviTon ki qaRaldis saTamaSo magi-
das miujda da mogvmarTa am kiTxviT:
_ aba, batonebo, rogora hfiqrobT,
me ra unda vqna? Tqveni azri minda
gavigo da, akofovo, Sengan viwyeb.
_ Cemi azri is gaxlavsT, _ daiwyo
akofovma, _ rom, nikoloz petres Zev,
Seni saqme ar aris am saqmeSi Careva.
_ rogor Tu Cemi saqme ar aris?
maS es werili?
_ ra werili, ris werili! Sen
quTaisis gubernatori xar, werili
ras miqvia!
_ rogor ar gesmis, yazax-rusebsa
mTxovs ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg!..
_ mere sad aris ajanyeba? _
samegreloSi. Seni ra saqmea?! aiRos
da gagarins misweros.
Tavadi gagarini am dros quTaisis
general-gubernatori iyo da
droebiT soxumSi imyofeboda, e.i.
samegrelodan oTxjer ufro Sors,
vidre quTaisi.
_ Sen SegeZlo aseTi rCeva migeca
misTvis, imasTan qvaSxorSi rom
yofiliyav, da kargsac izamdi, magram
raki SenTvis rCeva ar ukiTxavs, ise
CemTan gamogzavna kaci, aba rogor
SemiZlia ar gaverio saqmeSi?
_ nikoloz petres Zev, dedofali
Sena gwers da Senc, nikoloz petres
Zev, SeuTvale _ gagarins miswere-Tqo.
_ Sen, Cemo kargo, mihqarav. war-
moidgine, Senis mezoblis saxls
cecxli waekida da Svela gTxova.
gana SegiZlia uaris Tqma?
_ nikoloz petres Zev, sxvis saqme-
Si nu erevi, Sen quTaisis guberna-
tori xar. ris saxli, ris cecxli, _
me Cemi saxli vici da yurs vugdeb,
cecxli ar waekidos... mezobeli ki
raSi medardeba, Tu RmerTi gwams; Tu
miss saxls cecxli ukidia, vcdilob,
Cemsas ara evnos ra.
_ adamiano, gaige, qalia, Svelas rom
mTxovs, Tavtani aqvs dakarguli,
umweoTaa darCenili.
_ Senc aiRe da gagarins miswere,
ekaterines werilic masve gaugzavne.
qalma Tav-tani dahkarga-Tqo... ise mis-
were. Sen ki nuRar waxval, did usi-
amovnobas gadaekidebi... rac Seni
saqme ar aris, imaSi raRaT erevi, Tu
RmerTi gwams... Sen quTaisis...
magram kolubiakinma sityva ar
daamTavrebina.
_ geyofa, geyofa, _ vxedav, rom
jorze Sejeq da iqidan kaci ver
Camogiyvans... gmadlob... Tqvena, ba-
tonebo, Tqven raRas ityviT? _ mogvi-
brunda Tavad erisTavs da me.
Cveni azri is iyo, rom gadaude-
bliv mivSvelebodi dedofals, rom
TviTon nikoloz petres Ze kolu-
biakini wasuliyo masTan, da, ra Tqma
unda, es ambavi ifrindas saSualebiT
gagarinisa da mefisnacvlisaTvis
ecnobebina.
kolubiakinic amasve apirebda. Cven
guli-gulSi veTanxmebodiT kolu-
biakins, Tumca arc imas uarvyofdiT,
rom akofovis sityvebSi praqtikuli
mosazreba iyo, da, rogorc Semdgom-
Si gamoirkva, misi mosazreba win-
daxedulebasac ar yofila mokle-
buli.
amgvarad, gadawyvetili iyo wasvla.
maSinaTve kaci gavugzavneT vice-
gubernators iv.m.iurCenkos da yaza-
xTa legionis komandirs boldirevs.
erT saaTSi wasasvlelad saWiro
brZaneba dasrulebuli iyo, kolu-
biakinma gaiyolia Tavadi erisTavi
da miqaZe, romelic Zlivas gaaRviZes
(vaxSams Semdeg daRlilobisagan mo-
celiliviT daeca da mkvdris ZiliT
CaeZina), da ramdenime aseul yaza-
xrusis TanxlebiT gaeqana
samegreloSi.
gubernatoris saxlis Sesaval-
Tan, Cemi gamoTxovebis dros, ako-
fovma jibidan saTuTune amoiRo,
9ilori
gagrZeleba. me-10 gv.
samegrelo da svaneTi
korneli borozdini
am wignis avtoris, korneli
borozdinis samsaxureobrivi kari-
era kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer
mTavarmarTeblis kancelariaSi
muSaobda, Semdeg ki (1854 wels)
samegrelos dedofalTan miavlines
miwer-moweris sawarmoeblad da misi
Svilebis aRmzrdelad. 1858 wels
dainiSna senakis olqis ufrosad,
sadac 1867 wlamde imsaxura. swored
aq gaecno igi samegrelos mosaxleo-
bis yofas, romelic sainteresod aR-
wera Tavis wignSi.
borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod
vrclad aris gadmocemuli os-
maleTis jarebis mier samegre-
los awiokeba, romelic Semdeg
rusma jariskacebma alagmes.
10 ilori
cxviri burnuTiT gaitena
da miTxra:
“tyuilad ereva... misi
saqme ar aris, naxav, Tu ara.
es quTaisis gubernatoria!”
da erTmaneTs gavSordiT
kideca.
magram sanam kolubiakins
mivyvebodeT, modiT, mk-
iTxvelT gavacnoT is gare-
moeba, romelic win uZRoda
samegrelos ajanyebas, da
agreTve dedoflisa da kol-
ubiakinis pirovneba, da maSin
am mkiTxvelTaTvis gasagebi
iqneba mTavrobis Semdgomi
moqmedebani, am ambiT
gamowveuli.
Tavad aleqsandre gar-
sevanis Ze WavWavaZis meore
qali, ekaterine aleqsan-
dres asuli dadianisa,
swored iseTsave pirobebSi
iyo aRzrdili, rogorSic
izrdebodnen maSin sazo-
gadoT yvela mdidari da
saxelovani ojaxebi rus
Tavadaznaurobisa. musika,
simRera, xatva, franguli
ena da cekva Seadgenda
maSindeli maRali sazoga-
doebis gasaTxovar qalis
codnisa da talantis en-
ciklopedias, xolo gareg-
noba miss ganaTlebas, co-
TaT Tu bevraT, fassa
matebda da iers aZlevda.
misi ufrosi dai ukve ram-
denime weliwadi iyo, rac
qvrivad darCa Cvens sax-
elovans griboedovs, da
axla Tavis moxucebul
dedis magivroba gauwia
Taviss das da sazogadoe-
baSi gamohyavda. orive
kalmiT daxatulni lamaze-
bi iyvnen da Tavbrusa
hxvevdnen tfilisis maSin-
del axalgazrdobas; es
axalgazrdoba umetesad
Sedgeboda Wabukebisagan,
romelnic peterburgidan
kavkasiaSi moiswrafodnen
karieris gasakeTeblad da
romlebic atarebdnen did
aristokratiul gvarebs.
TviT griboedovi, rogorc
ukve vsTqviT, Tavis
meuRles “madonnas” eZaxda
im araamqveyniuri saxiere-
bisa da simSvidis gamo,
nino aleqsandres asulis
saucxoo TvalebSi rom
gamoixateboda. mis gverdiT
iyo sul mowinaaRmdege
mSveniereba _ misi dai,
romelSiac ganxorciele-
buli iyo mxiaruleba,
sificxle, gonebis
simaxvile da Tan Tvalebi
enTeboda cecxliT da maTs
mayurebels gulSi imedi
esaxeboda, rom es qali mo-
mavalSi mTlian xasiaTis
patronad gadaiq- ceoda.
roca im TayvanismcemelTa
Soris, romelnic gars ex-
vivnen ekaterine aleqsan-
dres asuls, win wamodga
iseTi saqmro, rogoric iyo
daviT dadiani, sxvebi yve-
lani ukan dadgnen.
mSoblebi erT wuTsac ar
Seyoymanebulan Tavisi
qali miecaT daviTisaTvis,
da imanac male samudamoT
waiyvana samegreloSi.
gagrZeleba iqneba
samegrelo da svaneTivaSingtoni. amerikis SeerTebulma
Statebma unda daiwyos seriozuli di-
alogi ruseTTan SeiaraRebaze kontro-
lis dawesebis Taobaze da xelmeored
gaaanalizos evropaSi raketsawinaaR-
mdego sistemis Seqmnis gegmebi. amgvari
rekomendaciebi amerikis prezident baraq
obamas administraciasa da amerikis
kongress gaugzavnes komisiis wevrebma,
romlebic Seiswavlian ruseTis mimarT
amerikis mier gasatarebel politikas.
saerTo jamSi komisiam gansaxilve-
lad warmoadgina 19 rekomendacia.
eqspertTa azriT, ruseTsa da amerikis
SeerTebul Statebs Soris TanamSrom-
lobis mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba unda
iyos saerTo politika iranisa da ma-
sobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis gau-
vrceleblobis sferos mimarT.
am ori qveynis upirveles amocanad
aRniSnuli dokumentis Semqmnelebi mi-
iCneven terorizmTan erTobliv brZolas
da avRaneTsa da axlo aRmosavleTSi md-
gomareobis stabilizacias. eqspertebi
xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, rom evraziasa da
evropasi usafrTxoebis saerTo wesebis
SemuSavebisas ar SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi
ar iqnas miRebuli ruseTis azri.
dokumentSi xazgasmiTaa miTiTebuli,
rom ukraina da saqarTvelo mzad ar ar-
ian natoSi Sesasvlelad. eqspertebi
rCevas iZlevian, rom unda moiZebnos am
qveynebTan partniorul urTierTobaTa
ganviTarebis sxva SesaZleblobebi.
30-gverdiani moxseneba Sedgenil iqna
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi wamyvani poli-
tologebis, politikosebisa da eqsper-
tebisa da ruseTis mimarT politikis
SemmuSavebeli orpartiuli komisiis
wevrebis moskovSi vizitis Sedegebze da-
fuZvnebiT.
delegacias xelmZRvanelobdnen
yofili senatorebi geri harti da Cak
heigeli. maT garda moskovSi Cafrindnen
prezidentis eqs-mrCeveli erovnuli us-
afrTxoebis sakiTxebSi brent sk-
oukrofti, saxelmwifo mdivnis yofili
moadgile riCard berti da sxva war-
momadgenlobiTi figurebi. isini maRal
doneze miiRes _ vizitis kulminacia
gaxldaT stumarTa Sexvedra dimitri
medvedevTan, romelsac eswreboda
ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri
sergei lavrovi.
moxsenebis avtorebi amosaval wer-
tilad miiCneven imas, rom ruseTi "mtru-
lad ar aris ganwyobili amerikis mi-
marT, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis _ mimd-
inare etapze". igi saerTod ar mis-
wrafvis vaSingtonTan konfrontaci-
isaken. da kidevac rom miiswrafvodes, am-
Jamad, _ msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis
gamo, _ mas ar gaaCnia "axali civi omis"
gasaCaRebeli resursi.
dokumentebis Semqmnelebs gverdi ar
auvliaT poloneTsa da CexoslovakiaSi
antisaraketo sistemebis ganlagebis
sakiTxisaTvis. moxsenebis avtorTa
azriT am problemasac axleburad unda
SevxedoT. kerZod, moskovi unda CaerTos
antisaraketo faris mSeneblobis pro-
cesebSi. amis optimaluri varianti
gaxlavT "gaerTianebuli sistemis Seqmna,
romelSic CarTuli iqnebian ruseTis
obieqtebi da mowyobilobebi".
garda amisa, amerikis prezidents
rekomendacia mieca "kategoriulad
mosTxovos kongress Secvalos jeqson-
venikis Casworeba" _ radgan igi aris "civi
omis uazro gadmonaSTi" (aRniSnuli Cas-
woreba 1974 wels iqna miRebuli kon-
gresmenebis henri jeqsonisa da Carlz
venikis iniciativiT, rac iTvaliswinebda
amerikasTan vaWrobis SezRudvebs so-
cialisturi banakis im qveynebisaTvis, rom-
lebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen ebraelebisa da
sxva sakuTari moqalaqeebis emigracias _
redaqciis ganmarteba).
19 rCevas Soris aris imis mowodebac,
rom mxari daeWiros evropelTa m,on-
domebas bunebrivi airis miwodebis di-
versificirebaze, raTa isini, am mxriv,
naklebad iyvnen damokidebuli ruseTze.
mTlianobaSi ki, moxsenebis Semd-
genelTa ganwyoba, pozitiuri da kon-
struqciulia. moxsenebis teqstis av-
torebs miaCniaT, rom masSi wamoweuli
ideebis realizacia, kompiuterebis pro-
gramistTa eniT rom vTqvaT, saSualebas
iZleva moxdes ruseT-amerikis urTier-
TobaTa "gadatvirTva", romliskenac ase
iswrafvis amerikis axali saxelmwifo
mdivani hilari klintoni.
baraq obamam miiRo imis 19 instruqcia, Tu rogor unda elaparakos ruseTs
axalgazrda iuristTaAaso-
ciaciam sagzao samuSaoebSi
samarTlebrivi darRvevebi aR-
moaCina
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa
asociaciam TbilisSi, sastumro `am-
basadorSi~ Tbisili-senaki-leseliZis
saavtomobilo magistralis nataxtari-
aRaianis monakveTis rekonstruqciis
monitoringis Sedegebis prezentacia
gamarTa.
rogorc asociaciis xelmZRvanelma
Tamar xidaSelma ganacxada, dReisaTvis
saqarTveloSi infrastruqtruris gan-
viTareba, gansakuTrebiT ki, saavtomo-
bilo gzebis mSenebloba da rekon-
struqcia aqtualuri Temaa. am proeqtebs
yovelwliurad sabiujeto saxsrebidan
Tu saerTaSoriso daxmarebebidan aseu-
lobiT milioni xmardeba.
axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia
fondi `Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos~
finansuri mxardaWeriT axorcielebs
proeqts `sagzao infrastruqturis
ganviTarebaze gamoyofili sabiuje-
to Tanxebis monitoringi~. swored mis
farglebSi ganxorcielda nataxtari-
aRaianis 16-kilmetriani monakveTis
mSeneblobis samarTleblivi da fi-
nansuri monitoringi. rogorc proe-
qtis koordinatorma Tamar CugoSvilma
ganacxada, aRniSnuli monakveTis
mSeneblobasa da ganaTebas saxelmwifo
biujetidan 80 milioni lari moxmar-
da.
asociaciis monitoringis Sedegad am
Tanxis gankargvis procesSi ara erTi
kanondarRveva gamovlinda. kerZod,
mravaljer dairRva saxelmwifo Sesyid-
vebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis moTx-
ovnebi. am kanonis Tanaxmad, tenderis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba adgilobrivi mediis
garda ucxo qveynis mediiTac unda
gamoqveynebuliyo, romelic saerTa-
Soriso masStabiT farTod vrceldeba.
Tumca gancxadeba mxolod or adgilo-
briv gazeTSi _ `24 saaTsa~ da `mesin-
jerSi~ gamoqveynda.
amasTan, gamovlinda tenderis monaw-
ileTa mimarT araTanabari midgoma.
kerZod, erT-erTi predendenti Sps, `d da
g teqnologi~ tenderis meore etapze, Se-
fasebis stadiaze tenders sruliad
dausabuTeblad gamoeTiSa. amasTan, ar
arsebobda aRniSnuli kompaniis ten-
deridan gamoTiSvis samarTlebrivi sa-
fuZveli.
amasTan, tenderSi gamarjvebulad
gamocxadda ara is satendero Se-
Tavazeba, romelsac satendero komisi-
is wevrTa umravlesobam misca xma,
aramed individualuri Sefasebebis
mixedviT erT-erT bolo adgilze myofi
Sps `zimos~ alternatiuli winadadeba,
rac Egulisxmobda asfaltis safaris
nacvlad cementobetonis safaris mTel
sagzao monakveTze dagebas. gana sei-
Zleba eWvis Setana imaSi, rom am Sps-s
zurgs romeliRac maRalCinosani uma-
grebs.
asociaciam monitoringisas sxva dar-
Rvevebic gamoavlina. saavtomobilo
gzebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris
moadgile irakli liTaniSvili, romel-
ic prezentacias eswreboda, asociaciis
SeniSvnebs ar daeTanxma. rogorc man Ju-
rnalistebs ganucxada, ukeTesi iqnebo-
da, Tuki aRniSnuli organizaciis war-
momadgenlebi am sakiTxs kvalificiurad
Seiswavlidnen da sagzao departament-
Tan iTanamSromlebdnen.
ras izam, kritika, Tundac samarTliani
da damsaxurebuli, bevrs ar siamovnebs
da yvelaferze midis, raTa mundiris
Rirseba daicvas.
magram, rogorc amboben, faqti jiutia
da carieli sityvebiT ama Tu im saqme-
Si sakuTari braleulobis gaqarwyleba
praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.
axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, ki
uaxloes momavalSi, qarTul medias
sxva sagzao monakveTebis samSeneblo-
sareabilitacio samuSaoebis (ra Tqma
unda _ uxarisxod Catarebuli) moni-
toringis Sedegebsac gaacnobs.
regionebSi policiam mZRolebs
9 aprils muSaoba aukrZala
policiis TanamSromlebma regionebSi mikroavtobusebisa da
avtobusebis mZRolebs 9 aprils muSaoba aukrZales, _ iuwye-
ba kaxeTis sainformacio centri.
mZRolebis TqmiT, samarTaldamcavebma isini gaafrTxiles, rom
9 aprils TbilisSi dagegmil aqciaze regionebidan moqalaqeebi
ar Camoiyvanon, momsaxurebisaTvis ra odenobis Tanxac unda Ses-
Tavazon. maTive TqmiT, policiis TanamSromlebma isic uTxres,
rom, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnul moTxovnas ar daemorCilebian,
sapatrulo policiasTan da sxva samsaxurebTan seriozuli
problemebi SeeqmnebaT.
`mZRolebisTvis 9 aprilis aqciaze raionebidan xalxis Cay-
vanis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT Ss saministrodan komentari
ver movipoveT. ara erTi mcdelobis miuxedavad, Ss saministros
administraciis ufrosma SoTa xizaniSvilma da saministros
pressamsaxuris warmomadgenelma zurab gvenetaZem Cveni
satelefono zarebi upasuxod datoves~, _ iuwyeba kaxeTis sain-
formacio centri.
arasamTavrobo organizacia `adamianis uflebaTa centris~
iuristebis SefasebiT, mZRolebisTvis 9 aprils regionebidan
TbilisSi xalxis gadayvanis akrZalva maTTvis kanonieri qmede-
bis SezRudva da nebis Tavisuflad gamovlenaSi xelSeSlaa,
rac saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia. Tumca,
amave iuristebis TqmiT, policiis TanamSromlebs amisaTvis ara
Tu dasjian, aramed, davalebis saukeTesod Sesrulebis
SemTxvevaSi, daawinaureben.
qarTul problemebTan pirispir
saagento "vesti":
11ilori
film “monaniebaSi” gaJR-
erebuli es amazrzeni fraza
kidev erTxel mianiSnebs, rom
mkvleloba iseTi mZime
danaSaulia, romelsac
mkvlelis momavali Taobebic
ki ver moinanieben. mkvleloba
TavisTavad saSinelebaa, magram
yvelaze didi saSineleba da
amazrzeni qmedeba gaxlavT is,
rom dedas mouklav erTaderT
vaJkacs, da erT wamSi daukar-
gav azrs mis sicocxles.
aseTi deda wamsve iqceva
ubedur arsebad, romlisTvis
sikvdili yvelaze sanukvari
da sanatrelia.
mainteresebs, ras ganic-
dida sikvdilis win sandro
girgvlianis deda _ qalba-
toni irina enuqiZe, romelic
swored Svilze dardma
gadaiyola. albaT im imediT
dastova es codvili wuTi-
sofeli, rom sakuTar Svil-
Tan midioda, mouvlida,
Tmebze xels gadausvamda...
vin icis!
kacisgan wyevla ar egebis,
magram yvelas, vinc irina
enuqiZis codvaSi xeli urevia,
qarTvelma xalxma wyevla da
zizRi unda gaugzavnos, TiTo
sanTeli unda daanTos
imisaTvis, rom am wyevlam da
zizRma adresati ipovos. san-
dro girgvliani mkvlelebma
da mkvlelobis SemkveTebma
unda icodnen, rom maTi adgili
saqarTveloSi ar aris, rom maT
axlave unda dastovon
saqarTvelo, raTa TavianTi
udReuri yofa gaixangrZlivon,
Torem, erTi wamiT Tu war-
mogidgeniaT, ra dReSi Cayris
maT qarTveli xalxi
saakaSvilis xelisuflebis
Tavidan moSorebis Semdeg.
xolo is, rom saakaSvilis
xelisufleba qarTveli xalx-
is mteria da yvela mis prin-
cips ewinaaRmdegeba, iqidanac
Cans, rom sandro girgvlianis
mkvlelebi saakaSvils
Seuwyalebia (rac sasjelis
ganaxevrebaSi gamoixata). am
sakiTxs uTmobs yuradRebas
qarTuli masmedia.
miuxedavad sazogadoebrivi
aRSfoTebisa, saakaSvilma kidev
erTxel CaafurTxa qarTvel
xalxs sulSi da mkvlelebs
Tavisufleba uboZa, rac bevr
rameze metyvelebs.
pirvel yovlisa es aris
erTgvarad valis gadaxda am
oTxi msjavrdebulisaTvis,
imisaTvis, rom itvirTes am
danaSaulis simZime da ar
gaTqves Tanamonawileebi. am
pirebSi igulisxmebian sandro
girgvlianis mkvlelobis dRes
“SardenbarSi” myofi Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros fa-
voritebi daTa axalaia, vasil
sanoZe, oleg melnikovi, guram
(gurgen) donaZe da Sinagan
saqmeTa ministris meuRle Tako
salayaia-merabiSvili. saqmis
masalebidan gamomdinare, es
pirebi danaSaulSi Tanamonaw-
ileebad imxilebian. es
Sewyaleba iyo valis gadaxdis
aqti dumilis safasurad.
wyeulimc iyos yvela
mkvleli da maTze xelis dam-
farebeli!
meore mniSvnelovani faq-
tori xelisuflebis SiSi
gaxlavT. etyoba, marTla Za-
lian gauWirda da am mZime
viTarebaSi surs gverdiT
hyavdes is pirebi, romlebic
upirobod Seasruleben
xelisuflebis nebismier
binZur davalebas, Tundac es
sxva adamianis sicocxlis mo-
spobas gulisxmobdes.
xelisuflebam am ugunuri
gadawyvetilebiT kidev erTx-
el Tavxedurad gamoiwvia qar-
Tuli sazogadoeba. rogorc
Cans, xelisuflebas ar esmis,
ras iTxovs misgan sazoga-
doeba. kanoniT, mZime
danaSaulSi msjavrdebul pir-
Ta Sewyaleba dauSvebelia da
mkvlelobebSi, mkvlelobebis
mcdelobasa da yaCaRobaSi
braldebulTa sakiTxs
Sewyalebis komisia arc ki
ganixilavs. miuxedavad amisa,
prokuraturam “priviligire-
buli patimrebis” Sesawyale-
blad prezidentTan pirdapiri
gza gamoZebna. im skandalur
da mkacrad gasaidumloebul
siaSi, romelsac prezidentma
noemberSi xeli moawera, kon-
stituciuri usafrTxoebis de-
partamentis xelmZRvanelis,
soso TofuriZis Svilic aris
Seyvanili. TofuriZis vaJi
sasjels mkvlelobis mcde-
lobisaTvis ixdida (miuxe-
davad imisa, rom daWrili adg-
ilzeve gardaicvala, Tofur-
iZis vaJi jer mkvlelobis
mcdelobisaTvis gaasamarTles
da gavleniani mamis wyalobiT
saakaSvilma Seiwyala kidec).
roca xelisufleba sazo-
gadoebis konsolidaciaze,
Tanasworobasa da kanoniere-
baze laparakobs, sainteresoa,
aseTi faqtebis Semdeg ro-
gorRa apirebs sazogadoebis
mxardaWeris mopovebas? _ svams
paTetikur SekiTxvas qarTveli
Jurnalisti
xaTuna paiWaZe
“urwmuno adamiani martoobisas
mxolod sikvdilze fiqrobs... ”
“vaSington posti”, aSS
demokratiis Sua gzaze
gaCxiruli qveyana
oTxi wlis winaT aSS-s prezidentma
jorj buSma saqarTvelos “demokrati-
is Suqura uwoda” da msoflioSi
demokratiis gavrcelebis nimuSad aRi-
ara. mas Semdeg, marTalia, saqarTvelo
Zveleburad avtoritaruli qveyana aRar
iyo, magram arc demokratiul qveynad
qceula. rogorc Cans, es saxelmwifo
sadRac SuaSi gaiCxira. aq moqalaqeebi
winandelze meti uflebebiT sarge-
bloben, magram iseTi demokratiuli in-
stitutebi, rogorebicaa masmedia,
sasamarTloebi, saarCevno komisiebi da
politikuri partiebi, sustni arian da
cudad muSaoben. aseTi gaurkveveli md-
gomareoba saqarTveloSi sul ufro
tipuri xdeba.
gaxSirda saqarTvelos prezidentis
kritikac imis gamo, rom man mTeli xe-
lisufleba xelSi Caigdo, xels uSlis
parlamentis, masobrivi informaciis sa-
Sualebebis, sasamarTloebis da samo-
qalaqo sazogadoebis muSaobas, magram
aSS-dan mxolod kerZo pirTa kritika
ismoda. amerikis mxardaWeram saakaSvi-
lisadmi humanitaruli daxmarebis gazr-
da gamoiwvia, magram TiTqmis Sewyda sa-
zogadoebrivi organizaciebis dafi-
nanseba, rasac maTi funqciis Sewyveta
mohyva. dazaralda samoqalaqo sazoga-
doebrivi institutebic. saakaSvilis
ltolva avtoritarizmisken ver SeniS-
nes ara mxolod dasavleTSi, aramed re-
formistebma saqarTveloSic.
mixeil saakaSvilma asobiT korum-
pirebuli policieli da aTeulaTa-
sobiT saxelmwifo moxele daiTxova
samsaxurebidan, SemoiRo sistema, sadac
korufciaSi braldebuli biznesmeni
da moxele uzarmazar jarimas ixdis
sasamarTlodan Tavis dasaRwevad. biz-
nesmenTa umravlesoba nawilobriv uar-
sac ambobs Tavis sakuTrebaze. amis wy-
alobiT saxelmwifo biujeti kriziss
gadaurCa, magram amavdroulad Seiqmna
STabeWdileba, rom damnaSaves Tavi-
suflebis yidva fuliT SeeZlo, xolo
prokuraturis muSakebs _ maTTvis fu-
lis warTmeva.
ruseTTan agvistos omis Semdeg
saakaSvilma demokratiuli reformebis
“meore talRis” wamowyeba ganizraxa.
yofili parlamentis Tavmjdomare
nino burjanaZe da sxvebi saerTaSo-
riso sponsorebisgan standartebis
dawesebas moiTxoven, romlis mixedvi-
Tac SesaZlebeli iqneba miRweuli
warmatebebis Sefaseba. garda amisa, opo-
zicia masobrivi saprotesto aqciebis
mowyobas apirebs saakaSvilis gadad-
gomis moTxovniT.
“nezavisimaia gazeta”, ruseTi
ratom “uwvdis xels”
saakaSvili medvedevs
mixeil saakaSvili agvistos omis
Semdeg pirvelad alaparakda ruseTTan
megobrobaze. saqarTvelos gasabWoebis
wlisTavze man rus kolegas, dimitri
medvedevs “piradi sirTuleebis” da-
Zleva da dialogi SesTavaza.
saakaSvilma agvistos omis aqamde uc-
nobi detalebic gaaxmaura: misTvis
SeuTavazebiaT mTavrobis Cabareba,
armiis daSla da Tbilisis datoveba.
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier oku-
paciis muzeumSi warmoTqmuli sityva
urTierTgamomricxavi azrebiT iyo
savse. man ganacxada, rom saqarTvelos
dRes iseTi saSiSroeba emuqreba, ro-
goric TiTqmis erTi saukunis win _
roca pirveli rusuli aneqsia moxda.
CamoTvala yvela movlena, riTac
ruseTma qarTvel prezidentebs avno:
noe Jordania iZulebuli gaxda, kanon-
ierad mieCnia kompartiis qmedebani, ra-
mac 1921 wlis aneqsia gamoiwvia; zvi-
ad gamsaxurdia iZulebuli gaxda,
erovnuli gvardia daeSala, amitomac
saqarTvelom ruseTis gamklaveba ver
SeZlo; eduard SevardnaZem moskovis
karnaxiT daniSna ministrebi...
saakaSvils ki samxreT oseTSi agvis-
tos omisken ubiZga.
“SarSan, agvistoSi, roca ruseTma
Cvens qveyanas Semoutia, mec amgvar
situaciaSi aRmovCndi. magram Cven
sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde brZola
da samSoblos dacva gadavwyviteT.
bevri davkargeT, magram ara Rirseba”, _
aRniSna prezidentma. ruseTis muqaraze
saubrisas uecrad saakaSvilma Tqva, rom
dRes pirobebi agresiisTvis ar aris da
medvedevs pirad wyenaze maRla dad-
gomisa da dialogis dawyebisken mouwo-
da. etyoba, daaviwyda, rom ruseTis
prezidentma mas “politikuri gvami”
uwoda da araerTxel uTqvams,
saakaSvilTan mosalaparakeblad ar
davjdebio. “saqarTvelo mzad aris
ruseTTan Tanasworuflebiani Tanam-
SromlobisTvis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is
saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas
pativs scems. Cven ar davuSvebT,
saqarTveloSi sami saelCo iyos _
TbilisSi, soxumsa da cxinvalSi. Cven
ar gvinda gaxleCili diplomatiuri
urTierTobebi. roca ruseTi saqarTve-
los winaaRmdeg ekonomikur embargos
atarebda, Cven kari da guli gavuReT
rusul investiciebs”, _ ganacxada
saakaSvilma da erTi sityvac ar uTq-
vams imaze, rom rusul kompaniebs uari
eTqva gazsadenebis, portebis da
rkinigzebis privatizebaze. Tavisi sity-
va prezidentma Cveuli pasaJiT daas-
rula _ “saqarTvelo ueWvelad gaxde-
ba natos wevri!”
magram upasuxod darCa kiTxva _
konkretulad vin aiZulebda
saakaSvils mTavrobis Cabarebas, armi-
is daSlas da Tbilisis datovebas.
gaurkveveli darCa isic, Tu ris gakeTe-
bas apirebs prezidenti ruseTTan
urTierTobis mosagvareblad. marto
biznesmenebis mipatiJeba sakmarisi ar
aris, miT umetes, rom ruseTis kapitali
saprivatizacio procesebTan SerCevi-
Ti meTodiT daiSveba.
amave dros, unda vivaraudoT, rom
ruseTis mimarT saakaSvilis rever-
ansebi SinaurebisTvis aris
gamiznuli. SeuZlebelia, ar icodes,
rom is pirobebi, rac man moskovs
urTierTobis gamosasworeblad wauye-
na, kremlisTvis miuRebelia.
saqarTvelo kvlav Sida arastabil-
urobis safrTxis qveS aRmoCnda. _
opozicia am gazafxulze prezidentis
gadadgomas iTxovs da moskovTan di-
alogis aucileblobaze laparakobs,
katastroful mdgomareobas
mTlianad mas abralebs. amitomac
raRac mainc unda eTqva ruseTTan
urTierTobis gamosworebasTan
dakavSirebiT. man mSvenivrad icis, rom
axlo momavalSi es SeuZlebeli, sam-
agierod, mere sufTa sindisiT ganacx-
adebs, rom kidev erTxel gauwoda
ruseTs megobrobis xeli, magram
kremlma es ar dainaxa.
aSS_s samxedro-sahaero
Zalebma kvlav Seircxvines Tavi
`fainenSel taimsi~ am faqts
uwodebs ̀ morig sircxvils samxedro-
sahaero ZalebisaTvis~. 2006 wels
amerikis samxedro sardloba ganmar-
tavda, bombdamSenma SecdomiT rogor
gadaufrina mTel qveyanas eqvsi
birTvuli raketiT bortze.
amerikel samxedroebs ar SeuZliaT
aRmoaCinon birTvuli raketebis asobiT
mniSvnelovani detali. amis Sesaxeb wers
gazeTi `fiinenSel taimsi~, rodesac miu-
TiTebs mTavrobis Cinovnikebze, rom-
lebic icnoben pentagonis angariSs
birTvuli uSiSroebis sakiTxze. infor-
macia sabrZolo masalebis dakargvis
Sesaxeb pirvelad iqna naxsenebi amerike-
li admiralis kirkland donaldis
moxsenebaSi, romelic warmodgenili iyo
kongresis daxurul mosmenaze.
gazeTis wyaros cnobiT, pentagonis
`wiaRSi~ araviTari monacemebi araa
imis Sesaxeb, rom dakarguli kompo-
nentebi aRmoCnda im qveynebis gankar-
gulebaSi, `romlebsac isini ar unda
mieRoT~. miuxedavad amisa, Tavdacvis
saministros oficialurma warmo-
madgenlebma uari ganacxades am cno-
bis komentirebaze imaze miTiTebiT,
rom admiralis moxseneba daxuruli
iyo.
2006 wlis agvistoSi SeerTebulma
Statebma taivanSi gadaitana balis-
tikuri raketebis oTxi saTavo nawili
Sveulmfrenebis saakumulatoro bata-
reebis nacvlad. amas garda, sardlobam
dauSva, rom bombdamSeni b-52 sam saaTze
met xans dafrinavda amerikis SeerTe-
buli Statebis teritoriaze birTvuli
qobinebiT bortze. raketebi birTvuli
muxtebiT Camokidebuli iyo bomb-
damSenebis frTebze.
m s o f l i o p o l i t i k i s l a b i r i n T e b S i
12 ilori
masTan sicocxleze xelCaqneulebi midian
gamojanmrTelebulebi
brundebian
gagniZis preparati arCensavTvisebian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas,kolits, fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas,nevrozs, fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, parkinsons, asTmas, Ciyvs,gulisa da Tirkmelebis daavadebebs, spobs azots TirkmelSi,hkurnavs gafantuli sklerozs da Sidss, Svelis cerebralurdamblas, yurebidan Cirqdenas, osteoqondrozs, gaimorits,sisxlis gaTeTrebas, sefsiss, botulizms, tuberkulozs,cerozs I da II stadiebSi, C-hepatits, botkins, elenTis, naRvlisbuStis daavadebebs, anTebiT procesebs, qlamidias, klimaqss, wy-luls, fsoriazs, saxsrebis daavadebebs, epilefsias, amyarebsimunitets, axdens Tavis tvinis ujredebis aRdgena-SenarCunebas,dadebiTad moqmedebs seqsualur darRvevebze da narkotikeb-
Tan damokidebulebebze.
k o o r d i n a t e b i a :
Telavi, kavkasionis quCa #61-b,
gagniZe biWiko (domenti).
tel: 893-22-66-51 8(250) 7-61-24
Tbilisi, winamZRvriSvilis 120
baTumi, asaTianis 11,
(orSabaTs, oTxSabaTs
da paraskevs, 10-dan 14 saaTamde).
iumori
gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli
publikaciis avtorebs
ekisrebaT
pasuxismgebloba
faqtebisa da
monacemebis sizusteze
redaqciis misamarTia:
Tbilisi,
tabiZis quCa #23
[email protected]:[email protected]
reklamis ganTavseba
923-758
mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania
mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia
teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili
ori narkomani caTambjenis saxuravze dgas.
_ Seni azriT, aqedan ramden xans ifren?
_ albaT, xuTi dRe.
_ roca Cavvardebi, movkvdebi?
_ aba, xuTi dRe saWmlisa da wylis gareSe ra gagaZlebinebs!
mdivanma qalma bavSvi gaaCina. Sefma moadgile gamoiZaxa da
eubneba:
_ aq Wori gavrcelda, TiTqos mdivani qalis vaJi wylis wve-
TiviT mgavs. wadi, gamoarkvie da momaxsene.
moadgile wavida. ori saaTis Semdeg dabrunda da Sefs
moaxsena:
_ bavSvi zedgamoWrili Tqvena xarT _ TqvensaviT pataraa,
meloti, sqeli, arafris azrze araa da mxolod yvirili icis...
erTi ingliseli pianisti sagastrolo mogzaurobaSi imy-
ofeboda axlo aRmosavleTSi. igi moulodnelad dabrunda sam-
SobloSi. roca cnobilma diriJorma tomas biCemma gas-
trolebis Sewyvetis mizezi hkiTxa, pianistma upasuxa:
_ iciT, arabebma orjer mesroles!
_ ras ambobT, _ gaikvirva biCemma, _ nuTu arabebi ase kargad
erkvevian musikaSi?
ruseTSi Seiqmna
specialuri
yumbarsatyorcni
mekobreobis Temaze axla
mTeli msoflio msjelobs.
rusebma ̀ bazaltis~ sawarmodan
gadawyvites mekobreebTan br-
ZolaSi gamoiyenon yum-
barsatyorcni.
saerTod, `bazaltis~ pro-
duqcia kargadaa cnobili. di-
versiis sawinaaRmdego yum-
barsatyorcni rusebs Seiara-
RebaSi aqvT 90-iani wlebis Sua
periodidan. `am yumbarsatyor-
cnis gansxvaveba isaa, rom is Sei-
Zleba gamoiyeno rogorc nebis-
mieri sasroli iaraRi. es niS-
navs, rom SeiZleba isrolo
naxevrad daxuruli Senobidan,
rac metad mniSvnelovania, gemi-
dan, katarRidan, wyalqveSa navi-
dan da Sveulmfrenidanac ki~, _
ganmarta `bazaltis~ mTavarma
konstruqtorma nikolai
seredam.
venera globalurma daTbobam gaanadgura
evropis kosmosuri saagentos “esas” specialistebma am
cota xnis winaT Tanamgzavr “venus eqspresis” mier Ria
kosmosSi gadaRebuli axali fotoebi miiRes, romelTa
gaanalizebis Semdeg daadgines, rom planeta venera,
Turme, globalur daTbobas mniSvnelovnad dauzar-
alebia da SeiZleba iTqvas _ gaunadgurebia kidec.
evropelebis varaudiT, erT dros venera Tavisi
bunebiT dedamiwas saocrad hgavda, magram globaluri
daTbobis Sedegad, romelsac samyarosaTvis udidesi
problemebi milionobiT wlis winac Seuqmnia, planeta
seriozulad gadasxvaferebula _ wyali aorTqlebula,
atmosferos simkvrive gazrdila da venera gavarvare-
bul jojoxeTad qceula, sadac sicocxlis arseboba,
ubralod, SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
xom ar elis globaluri daTbobis mizeziT msgavsi
bedi dedamiwasac?
astronomebi amboben, rom venera Zalian waagavs
dedamiwas. planetebs aqvT TiTqmis erTnairi niadagis
Semadgenloba da wiaRis Sinagani agebuleba, amasTan, maTi
masac ki faqtobrivad erTmaneTis msgavsia.
“venera mzisgan daaxloebiT im raodenobis siTbos
iRebs, rogorsac dedamiwa“ _ ambobs “esas” wamyvani spe-
cialisti ludmila zasova.
gamoricxuli ar aris, klimaturi pirobebi poluse-
bze mainc identuri iyos, Tumca amis damamtkicebeli
sabuTebis mopoveba, jerjerobiT, ver xerxdeba. amdenad,
rTuli saTqmelia, gaiziarebs Tu ara dedamiwa imave
beds, rac veneras SeemTxva?
sabednierod, globaluri daTboba, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, jerjerobiT mainc, fatalur Sedegebs ar
gviqadis, radgan ase rom iyos, mecnierebi amis Tqmas
namdvilad ar moeridebodnen, Tundac imitom, rom war-
sulSic araerTxel gauxeTqavT adamianebisTvis
guli TavianTi gaTvlebiT da prognozebiT.
mokled, jerjerobiT, mSvidad Zilis saSualeba
namdvilad gvaqvs...
meore msoflio omis
damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod,
1946 wels fifas kongresze mi-
iRes gadawyvetileba, rom 1954
wlis msoflio Cempionati
fexburTSi gamarTuliyo Sve-
icariaSi. msoflio Cempi-
onatebis mimarT interesi
SesamCnevad gaizarda, rasac
mowmobda am CempionatSi aziis
(iaponia, samxreT korea)
qveynebis Cabma. Cempionatis win
kidev erTi aRsaniSnavi faqti
is iyo, rom msoflio Cempi-
onatis fuZemdebeli frangi
Jiul rime Tanamdebobaze bel-
gielma rodolfo sel-
dreiersma Secvala.
SeveicariaSi vars kvla vebiT
dakompleqtebuli ramodenime
gundi Cavida. magaliTad,
msoflios 1930 da 1950 wlebis
msoflio Cempion urugvais
gundSi gamodiodnen: mekare
maspoli, mcvelebi: varela da an-
drade, Tavdamsxmelebi: skiafi-
no da miguesi. kargi gundiT iyo
warmodgenili avstriis
erovnuli gundic. aseve aR-
saniSnavia iugoslaviis
erovnuli nakrebi, romelTa
rigebSic brwyinavdnen: boSkovi,
zebeci, mitiCi, beara da Caikovs-
ki. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis
Rirsia ungreTis erovnuli
nakrebic, romlis rigebSi
gamodiodnen tyavis burTis
jadoqrebi: puSkaSi, koSiCi,
groSiCi, hidegkuti da boJiki.
19509 wlidan 1954 wlis ivnisamde
ungreTis nakrebma 32 matCi
gamarTa da aqedan 29 matCi moi-
go, xolo sami fred daamTavra.
ungrelebma SveicariaSi starti
mSvenivrad aiRes. maT samxreT
koreas 9:0 mouges, xolo ger-
maniis federaciuli respub-
likis nakrebs _ 8:3. pirvel
jgufSi moaspareze safrangeTis
nakrebma meoTxedfinalSi ver
gaaRwia, xolo misi adgili
braziliis da iugoslaviis
erovnulma nakrebebma daikaves.
me-3 jgufidan meoTxedfinalis
sagzuri urugvaim da avstriam
moipova. me-4 jgufidan ki Semdeg
etapze inglisi da maspinZeli _
Sveicaria gavidnen. meoTxedfi-
nalSi Sveicarielebma 5:7
daTmes avstriis gundTan. ger-
maniis federaciulma respub-
likam 2:0 daamarcxa iugoslavia,
xolo urugvais gundma 4:2
sZlia ingliss. Semdeg meoTxed-
finalur matCSi ungrelebma 4:2
sZlies braziliis nakrebs.
pirvel naxevarfinalur matCSi
germaniam 6:1 mougo avstrias, un-
grelebma ki Sveicarielebs
sZlies 4:2. mesame adgilisaTvis
matCi msoflios eqs-Cempionebma
urugvaelebma 3:1 daTmes
avstrielebTan, romelTac brin-
jaos medlebi moipoves.
1954 wlis 4 ivliss Sve-
icariis dedaqalaq bernSi
gaimarTa Cempionatis finali,
rac marTlac SesaniSnavi
gamodga. ungrelTa gamarjve-
baSi eWvi aravis epareboda.
TamaSis dawyebidan rva wuTi
iyo gasuli da ungreTi ukve
2:0 igebda. Tumca germanelma
fexburTelebma farxmali ar
dayares da matCis me-19 wuTi-
saTvis ranma angariSi
gaaTanabra. TamaSis damTavre-
bamde 6 wuTiT adre ranma mor-
lokisgan miiRo burTi, daa-
muSava da daartya. groSiCis
naxtomma wamiT daigviana da
germanelebi dawinaurdnen.
darCenili eqvsi wuTi un-
grelebi grigaliseburad
utevdnen da hidegkutma gaitana
kidec goli, magram, msajma
TamaSgare mdgomareobis gamo
igi ar CaTvala. germaniis fed-
eraciuli respublikis nakre-
bi pirvelad gaxda msoflio
Cempioni. aRniSvnis Rirsia ger-
manelTa mwvrTneli zep her-
bergeri, romelmac maqsimalu-
rad momzadebuli germaniis
nakrebi Cempionad aqcia.
amrigad, msoflios me-5 Cem-
pioni gaxda gundi, romelmac
10 wlis win waago didi omi. es
gamarjveba germaniisaTvis
politikur da ekonomikur
winsvlad iqca, rac momavalSi
daamtkica kidec.
g.jalaRania
gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “msoflio Cempionatebi fexburTSi”, romelic asaxavs msoflio Cempionatebis finalur bataliebs.
Sveicaria _ 1954 weli
bombardirebi
Sandor koSiCi (ungreTi) _ 11 burTi;
maqs morloki (germania) _ 6 burTi;
erih probsti (avstria) _ 6 burTi.
Cempionatis simboluri nakrebi
groSiCi (ungreTi), jalma santosi (brazilia), birni (in-
glisi), librixi (germania), boJiki (ungreTi), andrade (urug-
vai), cibori (ungreTi), f.valteri (germania), koSiCi, puSkaSi
(orive ungreTi), borxesi (urugvai).
finali
gfr _ ungreTi 3:2 (2:2)
04.07.1954w. “vadrfStadion”
65.000 mayurebeli.
msajebi: u.lingi (inglisi), b.m.grifitsi (uelsi), v.orlan-
dini (italia).
gfr: tureki, pospali, kolmeieri, ekeli, librixi, mai, rani,
morloki, o.valteri, f.valteri (kapitani), Seferi.
ungreTi: groSiCi, buzanski, loranti, lantoSi, boJiki (kap-
itani), zaqariaSi, tibori, koSiCi, hidegkuti, puSkaSi, m. toti.
golebi: puSkaSi (6), cibori (8), morloki (10), rani (19,84).