. c> o.z c>o r _ > _aI> . l > c> a. a_ ,z . o c,. r _ c> laI _> r. ...c. > r > z I o ,Is ._a c> _ .I. . . _ _I> _I> > _ . ,a _ .> L > a o . aa> c> ca ..z.: I> L ..z .: c .c _> ..z > c.> _o: > c> .I. . . > caa> . , _ z, > > _a. . _ . > _I> _I> > _ . ,a _ , ca _ L . > ,z ,z ..r ,z > ,z c > > _ > c> ,a.c. > .r _ _s. o: .. .I , z r _ , _I : > c> r _> r :> _, .. r > > , c > c: z ,z _ c> I ....z r I>_: _: .. _ > z, > _ caI> _I . I I > _ J .> .z c.> > ,r .I l, _a.I ,. I s> z. z : _I .I .I J._.I aI > _I ., I .c , ._.. c,I .> .ca..I c> ,Ir c: ...>.I ,rJ .,I rI . >I s> cr ,I ..I I ..>.I L. .1999 c,.I c.) c>. .I .,I >I s>I I.I L caI c> IJ _ : z:a ,rc.>JI: .> _I> .z _:: .I ,: .z c z ._>J s.I _Ir :I s>._sII .z.I z > ... .>I s>.I I .>..>I > _ J .. > >I >.I ..>.I _> ca z r..I ,>> _ r ,.II ,>.. I .> _I>: .I _.I I >I > : a| ca z .I.I _I >I > I >.I>.I .I :ca:_,.zMa| eas n metaphss hae sne the nept wahat (meann "nt"). Twman phsphes pea n ths ntesa tp. ahat a| tea means the nt exstene. ahat ahh (ppaentsm Unt tness) n the the han hs thatanhs eatn aeente sepaate. mesam emes haeamethat theheeneetweenthetwphspheshennsemantsanthattheenteeatesmeeaetn "ea nteses" whhhaemeat ease amsanae. wee the nept the eatnshp etween an the nese s st ateeate th amn s an etween s an nn Msms .ntentsahat a|n a s mst ten haateze n sam texts as the nat the tne wahat aw| hwee ths expessn s nt n n hs ws an the st wh empe ths tem waspehaps n at the nasan msta thne n an. thh he eqent maesstatementsthat appxmatet t annt eamethat "Oneness en" sasmentesptn hs nt sne he amms the "manness eat" wth eqa .n hs ew w| s the nnwae an naesse n eethn that exsts. anes te w| whe a thns we n nnexstene s as w| ane s nnemte (mtaq)wheeethnesesnstane nne annstte. |stheaste nntennemte eat whe a thes eman eate nte an emte .ne w| s nnemte t s tta heent m eethn ese. hatee exsts an an enwn aspe s a emtatn an entn a nsttn the nmte a nte |etaesse t a nte s|et. n the same wa w|'s senssness s nnemte wheeethenssness s nstaneannne.t we nee te aen assetnw|'s nnemtatn. Ths mst nt e nest t mean that w| s heent an nheent m ee emtatn. The hah s q t pnt t that w|'s nnemtatnemans that t e ae t assme ee emtatn. w| nt eme emte tw e mte ts wn nnemtatn. Ths "e pssesses nnemtatn n emtatn"O "pssessesnnemtew| tnemtatnpeentsemtatn. athe epssesses a emtatns s e s nnemte emtatn sne n sne emtatn athethan anthe es e m.... ene nthn s t e attte t m n peeene t anthnese" . | mst hae the pwe assmn ee emtatn n pan en mte thse emtatns that t annt assme. t the same tme t tansens the ms whh temes emte an emans nthe the nstants .Onewhpssessesennmse (w|ht) anwhseensseessene(w|h 'an hth) mets the name en. On an e e that .On the hhest ee w| s the aste an nnemte eat the "Neessa en"(wa| aw|) that annt nt exst. n ths sense w| esnates the ssene theea(hat ahaqq)the n eat that s ean ee espet. On we ees w| s thenen sstane "eethn the than " (ma swa ah)-whh s hw n a anthesenethe"sms""nese"(a'aam). ene nasenameann thetemw| s se as shthan t ee t the whe sms t eethn that exsts. t an as eempetee ttheexstene eahaneethnthat s nnthenese .'s 'names' (asma') 'atttes' (sat) n the the han ae the eatnshps whh an esene etween the ssene an the sms. The ae nwn t ease he nws ee|et nwee t the ae nt exstent enttes nta qates ths w mppat n the hea .F the eates en s nt pat the essene. a eate es nt wn ts en that tan nee e nepenent n tse . n ths sense the eate es nt esee the atttn en. On s en an a the est s n eat a psst (mn) a eate psse nnexstene .n'a sethetem"ehsn" (a) tentetheat eatn. swtnsntanexpessns whh shw heent staes eatn a stntn mee aan nt ata.The wn es etas at hs sn eatn n thee staes: the Mst hsn (aaaaqas) thehsn(aaamqaas) anthePepeta hsn(aaamstam) .ahat| spea thh the teahns the s e Onaw |an TmsanOasha |am et. Ths mst s phsph n ne s n man pats th sa asmst the sants an saes eame eate spes ahat|. t s as assatewththeamahUst (Pesanmeann"esthenne") phsphnthsa. ahaamast an eh hah tw pets m Pastan wee as aent wes ahat| .Ta smeOes ntatheetash set anthenntatna sets Unesasm pae mh emphass n the nept wahatw| .TasheeTashee aatn s se assate wth aan ntepetatn wahat aw|.n t ths sh nt n thee s aatn exstene that stan n a ast heahahan en (maat aw|) m (ash) t ne thne (ash) t the w| eahexstent maaha s nthn t a ae the sne eat w| whse se s theaste en (aw| amtaq). hat heentates the w| heent exstents s nthnt w| n heent eees stenth an weaness. The nese s nthn t heenteees stenthsanweanesses w|ann mntenseeee w| ahane eates t the m w| w st m whh aam was mae .tsm the neptmeMsms nnthsanaas haemaempasnsetweenwahat w| an Panthesm the nept that a s . Ths tsm has me th m aas anm s as we.neeeme hwee w nte that the tw nepts he n that wahat w| states that an the nese aen't enta. The h ea exstene t e n an the nese thae n exstene n ts wn (wtht ) .aa tsmme aas tze the nept wahat aw| n the ns that t was a pt anteatn wthn phsphan snta pesam nept.neeeweeths shh mpae smp ease Msms nt en the nteatns wth the ns nant the12thentwheeaspmnent s haaeapenpshesme thewtns as ea as the 6th entnn aa|DhNn aMs ans n. thhaas te smates wth Kaaah as a tsm een a s st the hst Kaaahw nate that the matn Kaaah was ase n tnes as espse thhseet patns the ethen Pt.neee. F exampe ethen Pt ssse thetne emanatnswhhmentntheeeneht sephth wheeasnKaaaht smentne that thee ae ten sephth. wee the wtns the ethen Pt nteah the |ews ntn the tme the Msm e pan an the tme the saes.ee then hwee sh tnes aea exste an wee we estashe . tsmme s sh as hma hn (M|a an) hae tse wahat w|. hmahn wte at the sans that nese has n exstene ts wn an s a shaw theexstene the neessa en. e as wte that ne sh sen the exstene nesem the aste an that the aste es nt exst ease exstene t ease hsessene .ahat ahhahat ahh ( wahatshh wahatshh wahat shh) has ten eentansate ntnshasppaentsm.na tteameans"nt wtness""nt peeptn" "nt appeaane .."Ot thse wh ppse the tne wahat aw| thee wee thse wh sstttethe pe s|et the |et matn the tne ahat shah. Ths sh wasmate `a aDawah mnan was t attat man wes n na nn hmehn whpesme themst weaeptematns thstnenthenan sntnent .nthmehn'stne anexpeenentetweenantheeatews pes|eteans nnthemn theeee; t has n|etentepat n the ea w. The me pstn hah hma et e t panthesm whh wasnta t the tenets nnte sam.neeee he that an eatn ae nt enta;athe theattesashaweetn theDnesNameanttteswhentheaeeete n the ms the ppste nnens (a'am amtaqaa).neee as Uma ahawa an aam| wee as ppnents appaentsm .hah aah's ew ahathah aah mae the st attempt t ene the tw (appaent) ntat tnes wahat aw| (nt en) n a an wahat ashh (nt n nsene) hahhma hn .hah aah neat ese the nt an these heenes 'ea nteses' whhhae me at ease ams anae. we eae he sas athe metaphs ansmes se the expessn eas ase the appaent ppste ews the twmetaphsans w aee. Thepsteest haha ah's enatehts wastw: t ht at hamn etween the tw ppsn ps metaphsans an t asetmze the tne wahat aw| amn the mtaamn (theans) wh pesha nt een ea t aept t .n hs s Lamahat an ata'at he ssses staes en the peepte at the eatn the astat wth the nese the nesa s an the ss man ate eath essenemaes the spe man the s the peet nesa e se manestatn anthe tansmatn msts m qat t qat. e as emnstate that the nstannassmptnthat tnewas eetweenppaentsmanUnt enwas aheene expessn ane the atte tne en seen as mee a essaane stae p|etn .n hs pnn ths whe nese has as se (nas) as an na pesn has a se whh sae the Unesa (anNasKah). The mtpt the whe nese has natem t. hen n a sas that eethn s he thee means the Unesa . ThsUnesa the enn en (a|Mnasat) sssts tse. Thsexstene peaes the whe nese th the sstane an the aent an aepts the m eethn. t s th mmanent an tansenenta. en ths exstene (a|aMnast : Unesa ) twas the na exstene () nne has aess t. n the wsman's pess ens wth the Unesa the enn en. e annt me a stepthe. TheUnesa anaesntemnethatthemestentaentheatte ".s the qestn the eatn that ths exstenen (a|Mnast) has wth the essene tse. Ths eatn s hwee nwn n n ts eat (annah : ness); ts qat snnwn an annee e nwn. Ths whenn a sasthatthe eates the exstnthns ae the names an the atttes the Unesa (enn en) n the stae nwee (F Mataat'm n the Dne nssness) when mam aanassets thattheeates exstn|etsaeshee nthnnessnwhhthehts thenamesanatttes the Unesa (a|Mnast) ae eete s exat the same thn. Theheene n the anae s s tte that t nees n nseatn .ee ashaha aDn hawa (1153-1191) .manatnsmmnatnst phsphn a aa ( sh)eeenes .. Nas (2006) sam Phsph m ts On t the Pesent: Phsph n the Lan Pphe tate Unest New Y Pess p. 156 a mana ws am htt(1994) p.15 a mana ws am htt(1994) p.53 a a am Unt en n n 'a n a'a Mh aDn (11641240) aeessenNas sam Phsphmts OntthePesent(2006) p76 ee ssen Nas sam Phsph m ts On t the Pesent p 78 Tehqq aq Kaamat aq a P Mehe hah Matat aanah hah a ah (Ot aDn hma aahm) (170362) . N. |aan The Teahns hah aah Deh p98peas TheThemeanPpse eatn. Mehe aa DMeae 1955. (senetn p. 280)Fthe eanThaqq ahaqq ' aamat ahaqq a Pee Mah hahxtena nsLette n ahat| Ustaha Umm ahahat a| Ka a ae hma aee Kazm (n U)nex ates eate t ahat|hat s ahat a|Maeat ah ame Tehan (n a)Tawh m a n ameh Taataae an ame Tehan (n Pesan)ahat | hah Khmen(n Pesan)ahat a| aeahat w| & ahat shshah smpeahat a| The Oneness en? hah amza Kaama t esm an Taqa t ePhsphVew pae atnsate ths paehat's ths ?TstwthO|etempeteewtten am hh nweeae at ths tp (ptna)