The perfect world

The real world

Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, Viruses FUNGUS -Epidermophyton floccosum(causes athletes foot)VIRUS- PolioBACTERIA -Clostridium difficile (causes antibiotic-associated colitis & antibiotic-associated diarrhea)PARASITE -Tapeworm

- -

Response to Infectionadaptive immunity

/NKgdTB-1NKTCTL TDTHCK

* - -* *

* * *

* MBL * (C3aC5aC567) C3b (C3b)(C3aC5a) * * * ab *

TNF-aIL-1,6,8IFN-g)NOLTB4PAF

-TNF-a-IL-1-IL-6-IL-8-IFN-

IFN-gTNF-aIL-1, IL-6, IL-8

* * * / NKgdTB-1

Phagocytes are the Most Important Cells

Phagocyte Response to InfectionThe SOS SignalsN-formyl methionineClotting system peptidesComplement products

Phagocyte responseVascular adherenceDiapedesisChemotaxisActivationPhagocytosis and killing

- -H2O2NO /

* **TollLPS)*IgG FcR

NO

NK

NK:1ADCC, 2IFN-gMNKADCC

gdTMHCCD1

B-1(CD5+)TI-1,IgM

LPSC3aC5a

NKNK1.1TCR/CD3CD1CTL

***

PAMP BCR

pathogen associated molecular patternPAMPLPSLTAPGNDNARNAPAMP - - -

(pattern-recognition receptorsPRR)PAMP PRR * * :PRR * PRRMBLToll

* **TollLPS)

T APCPRRPAMPAPCTAPCTLRPAMPMHC-IIB7TLRIL-12

* C3d BCRCD21CR2) B BTD-Ag * APCB7 B7/CD28 T

PRR PAMP T

Th1 Th2

IL-12IFN-MacrophageNK cellIL-4Mast cellTh1Th2Th0IFN- NK IFN- MIL-12 IFN-IL-12 IL-4 Th0Th1 IL-4 IL-5 MIL-10Th0Th2

FDCCR1CR3 Ag/Ab/C3b B

B

APCT/CKTh1 33MBLMASPMBL4004alpha beta,Alpha betaacute phase reactionacute phase reactantacrte phase protein, APAPC-C-reactive proteinC-C-APAP1APAPAPAPC-AAPAPAPAP APAP201000C-AAP251-AP3060C3APAPAPAPAPAPAP1.AP1-1-C12-2.DIC3. APC-C-4.superoxide dismutase,SOD5. AFcC3bNONHDPHCD1Toll1997TLRTLRsTLRPAMP TollToll

TLR4TollToll9TollToll18-Wheeler1.1TLR1994Nomuria4TollTaguchi51996TLR1Toll19971998MedazhitovRockTollTLR43610TollTLR1TLR10