物理化学电子教案 — 第六章
DESCRIPTION
物理化学电子教案 — 第六章. 第六章相平衡. 6.1 引言. 6.2 多相体系平衡的一般条件. 6.3 相律. 6.4 单组分体系的相图. 6.5 二组分体系的相图及其应用. 6.6 三组分体系的相图及其应用. 6.7 * 二级相变. 6.1 引言. 相平衡是热力学在化学领域中的重要应用之一。研究多相体系的平衡在化学、化工的科研和生产中有重要的意义,例如:溶解、蒸馏、重结晶、萃取、提纯及金相分析等方面都要用到相平衡的知识。. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
*
*
*
phase diagram
*
*
degrees of freedom f
*
(2)
*
6.3
*
S1 ×S1
(S1)2
*
1SS ( 1)
f=
+f=S+2
*
*
*
T-x
*
*
=2,f=1
*
*
OA - -
OC -C
*
O triple point-- =3,f=0
H2O273.16 K610.62 Pa
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
p-x T-x
1 f 3Tp x
*
ABp
*
*
2 p-x-y
p-x x y AB
p-x p-x-y
*
*
*
T-xT-xp-x
*
(4) p-xT-x
4 p-x x1x2x3 x4x1381K
*
*
*
*
*
DEDE
*
*
*
*
*
y1y2x2AAB
*
*
*
B
BB
*
*
AA
*
*
*
*
*
p-x(y)T-x(y)(b)(c)
*
*
351.28K95.57
*
*
95.57 95.57
*
p-x(y)T-x(y)(b)(c)
*
*
381.65 KHCl 20.24
*
*
*
373 KA’A”conjugate layersA’A”
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sheet1
QM
429K
QN
373.15K
*
*
*
*
e596 KCdT-x
546 KBi
*
*
bCBi(s)
DCd(s)
*
D’Bi(s)Cd(s)
70CddFCd(s)T-x
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*
340Cd
40Cd60BiCE Bi(s)Cd(s)
*
*
*
*
4. BEMBi(s)+Cd(s)
*
3. BEMBi(s)+Cd(s)+l BEM
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ABi(s)
HCd(s)
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4
3
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*
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4
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3.
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“”
*
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O,aAObcBCO
*
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(1) def A
(3) ADDADA
(2) AD
*
*
O DE
*
DEGGFHHDEF
*
*
b AA
*
abab
*
*
BCOisothermal consolute pointaobbinoal curve
cA
*
*
SnBiPb CDB
*
*
Sn(s)Pb(s)Bi(s)
Bi Bi Sn Pb
*
A Bi(s)SnPb
F,Sn(s) Pbs
*
*
BENOIT PIERRE EMILE CLAPEYRON
BENOIT PIERRE EMILE CLAPEYRON (1799-1864) French scientist,was the first to appreciate the importance of Carnot’s work on the conversion of heat into work. In analyzing Carnot cycles,Clapeyron concluded that “the work w produced by the passage of a certain quantity of heat q from a body at temperature t1, to another body at temperature t2 is the same for every gas or liquid … and is the greatest which can be achieved” (B.P.E. Clapeyron, Memoir sur la Puissance Motrice de la Chaleur (Paris,1833)).
*
BENOIT PIERRE EMILE CLAPEYRON
Clapeyron was speaking of what we call a reversible process. Kelvin’s establishment of the thermodynamic temperature scale from a study of the Carnot cycle came not from Carnot directly but from Carnot through Clapeyron, since Carnot’s original work was not available to Kelvin.
1
*
*
phase diagram
*
*
degrees of freedom f
*
(2)
*
6.3
*
S1 ×S1
(S1)2
*
1SS ( 1)
f=
+f=S+2
*
*
*
T-x
*
*
=2,f=1
*
*
OA - -
OC -C
*
O triple point-- =3,f=0
H2O273.16 K610.62 Pa
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
p-x T-x
1 f 3Tp x
*
ABp
*
*
2 p-x-y
p-x x y AB
p-x p-x-y
*
*
*
T-xT-xp-x
*
(4) p-xT-x
4 p-x x1x2x3 x4x1381K
*
*
*
*
*
DEDE
*
*
*
*
*
y1y2x2AAB
*
*
*
B
BB
*
*
AA
*
*
*
*
*
p-x(y)T-x(y)(b)(c)
*
*
351.28K95.57
*
*
95.57 95.57
*
p-x(y)T-x(y)(b)(c)
*
*
381.65 KHCl 20.24
*
*
*
373 KA’A”conjugate layersA’A”
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sheet1
QM
429K
QN
373.15K
*
*
*
*
e596 KCdT-x
546 KBi
*
*
bCBi(s)
DCd(s)
*
D’Bi(s)Cd(s)
70CddFCd(s)T-x
*
*
340Cd
40Cd60BiCE Bi(s)Cd(s)
*
*
*
*
4. BEMBi(s)+Cd(s)
*
3. BEMBi(s)+Cd(s)+l BEM
*
ABi(s)
HCd(s)
*
4
3
-
*
*
*
*
4
*
*
,CAB
*
*
b
d
*
Au-Ag-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
(2) e
(3) j
*
*
*
CDE455K1CE2
*
*
*
3.
*
*
*
*
*
“”
*
*
*
*
O,aAObcBCO
*
*
(1) def A
(3) ADDADA
(2) AD
*
*
O DE
*
DEGGFHHDEF
*
*
b AA
*
abab
*
*
BCOisothermal consolute pointaobbinoal curve
cA
*
*
SnBiPb CDB
*
*
Sn(s)Pb(s)Bi(s)
Bi Bi Sn Pb
*
A Bi(s)SnPb
F,Sn(s) Pbs
*
*
BENOIT PIERRE EMILE CLAPEYRON
BENOIT PIERRE EMILE CLAPEYRON (1799-1864) French scientist,was the first to appreciate the importance of Carnot’s work on the conversion of heat into work. In analyzing Carnot cycles,Clapeyron concluded that “the work w produced by the passage of a certain quantity of heat q from a body at temperature t1, to another body at temperature t2 is the same for every gas or liquid … and is the greatest which can be achieved” (B.P.E. Clapeyron, Memoir sur la Puissance Motrice de la Chaleur (Paris,1833)).
*
BENOIT PIERRE EMILE CLAPEYRON
Clapeyron was speaking of what we call a reversible process. Kelvin’s establishment of the thermodynamic temperature scale from a study of the Carnot cycle came not from Carnot directly but from Carnot through Clapeyron, since Carnot’s original work was not available to Kelvin.
1