第四章 存 储 器
DESCRIPTION
第四章 存 储 器. 4.1 概述. 4.2 主存储器. 4.3 高速缓冲存储器. 4.4 辅助存储器. 非 易 失. 4.1 概 述. 一、存储器分类. 1. 按存储介质分类. 易失. (1) 半导体存储器. TTL 、MOS. (2) 磁表面存储器. 磁头、载磁体. (3) 磁芯存储器. 硬磁材料、环状元件. (4) 光盘存储器. 激光、磁光材料. 4.1. 2. 按存取方式分类. (1) 存取时间与物理地址无关(随机访问). 随机存储器. 在程序的执行过程中 可 读 可 写. 只读存储器. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
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4.1 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) TTL MOS
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(1) 4.12. (2)
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CacheFlash Memory3. 4.1
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1. 4.1
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4.1
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4.2 1.
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2. CPU 4.2
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24 16 32 3. 4.2224 = 16 M8 M4 M
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(2) 4. (1) (3) /4.2
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1. 1K 416K 18K 81041411384.2
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16K 1 64K 8 324.2
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2. (1) 4.2
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(2) 4.20,0
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( RAM ) 1. RAM (SRAM) (1) RAM A A 4.2T1 ~ T4
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RAM 4.2
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RAM 4.2
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(2) RAM Intel 2114 1K44.2
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Intel 2114 RAM (64 64) 4.2
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
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(3) RAM 4.2
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(4) RAM (2114) 4.2
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(1) RAM 2. RAM ( DRAM ) 1CS 1 04.2T
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(2) RAM RAM (Intel 1103) 4.2
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RAM (Intel 1103) 4.2
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
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RAM 4116 (16K 1) 4.2
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4116 (16K 1) 4.263000
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4116 (16K 1) 4.2630
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(3) RAM DOUT DIN 4.2
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(4) RAM 32/4000 100% = 0.8% 0.5 s 32 = 16 s4.2 32 32
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tC = tM + tR 1s( 0.5 s + 0.5 s)4.2 128 128
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128 128 0.5s 0.5 s 2 ms 64 s4.2
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3. RAM RAM 4.2
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ROM 1. ROM ( MROM ) MOS 1 MOS 0 2. PROM () 4.2
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3. EPROM ( ) (1) N MOS 4.2
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(2) 2716 EPROM 4.2
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4. EEPROM ( ) 5. Flash Memory () E2PROM4.2EPROM EEPROM RAM
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CPU 1. 2 1K 4 1K 8 4.2
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(2) 2 1K 8 2K 8 4.2
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(3) 8 1K 4 4K 8 4.2
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2. CPU (1) (2) (3) /(4) (5) (6) 4.2
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4.1 : (1) (2) A15A14A13 A11 A10 A7 A4 A3 A04.2
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(3) A10~ A0 2K 8 ROM A9 ~ A0 1K 4 RAM (4) 4.2
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4.1 CPU 4.2
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(1) (2) (3) (4) 1 4K 8 ROM 2 4K 8 RAMA11~ A0 ROM RAM 4.2
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138 CPU 2764 F0000H~FFFFFH , 2764 4.2
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L D C 4.21 .
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2k n + k + 12i ( i = 012 3 ) 4.22 .
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Ci gi 2i1 gi gj 2i1 + 2j1 gigj gl 2i1 + 2j1 + 2l1 4.2
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4.4 0101 n = 4 2k n + k + 1 k = 3:C1 C2 C40 0101 01001014.210
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0011 C1 C2 C41 0 0 n = 4 2k n + k + 1 k = 3 0011 100001114.2
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3. Pi 3 k = 3 P4 P2 P1 k = 3 Pi P1= 0P2 = 0P4 = 0C1C2C44.2
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P4P2P1 = 110 6 0100101 01014.54.2
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2 P4 P2 P1 = 100 4 01010114.2
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1. 4.2
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2. (1) 4.2
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(2) 4.2
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4.2 0 1 2 3
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(3) CPU 4.2
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4.3 1. CPU CPU DRAM
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2. Cache (1) B 4.3
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(2) M >> C 4.3
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(3) Cache CPU Cache Cache 4 8 CRAY_1 16 16 IBM 370/168 4 4 644 = 2564.3
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3. Cache CPU 4.3
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4. Cache Cache 4.3
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5. Cache (1) Cache Cache Cache(2) Cache CachePentium 8K Cache 8K CachePowerPC620 32K Cache 32K Cache4.3
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Cache 1. i j i = j mod C4.3
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2. 4.3
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j Q i i = j mod Q3. 4.3
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1. FIFO 2. LRU 4.3
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4.4 1. CPU 2. C = n k s + Dr = D V
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1. 4.4
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4.4
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2. 4.4
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NRZ1 4.4
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1. (1) (2) 2. 4.4
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(1) 4.4
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(2) (3) 4.4
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1. 4.4
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2. 4.4
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1. 2. 4.4