新课标苏教版选修四化学反应原理总复习

KJ/mol

C+CO2 , H2+CuOC+H2OBa(OH)2.8H2O+NH4ClCaCO3

E

E1E> E2E< E

250c101kpaslg

HH+kJ/molHH

1molH2O H+ (aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(l);H=-57.3 kJ/mol

oC101kPamolKJ/molmol890.31KJCH4g+2O2g=CO2g+2H2Ol H=890.31KJ/mol

125101 kPa393.5 kJ/mol285.8 kJ/mol890.3 kJ/mol2 800 kJ/mol, A.C(s)+O2(g)=CO(g);H=-393.5 kJ/molB.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g);H=+571.6 kJ/molC.CH4g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(g);H=-890.3 kJ/molD.1/2C6H12O6s+3O2(g)=3CO2(g)+3H2O(l);H=-1 400 kJ/molD

2HC(s)O2(g)====CO2(g)H1 C(s)1/2O2(g)====CO(g)H2S(s)O2(g)====SO2(g)H3 S(g)O2(g)====SO2(g)H4H2(g)1/2O2(g)===H2O(l)H5 2H2(g)O2(g)====2H2O(l)H6CaCO3(s)====CaO(s)CO2(g)H7 CaO(s)H2O(l)====Ca(OH)2(s)H8 A B CDC

3A BC DA

4a2H2(g)+O2=2H2O(g) H = -Q1(b)2H2(g)+O2=2H2O(1) H = -Q2(c)2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g) H = -Q3(1)Q1 (>=

520051012N2H4NO2N2N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO2(g) H = + 67.7kJ/mol N2H4(g) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = 534kJ/mol NO2A2N2H4(g) + 2NO2(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g) H = 1135.7kJ/mol B2N2H4(g) + 2NO2(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g) H = 1000.3kJ/molCN2H4(g) + NO2(g) 3/2N2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = 601.7kJ/mol D2N2H4(g) + 2NO2(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O(l) H = 1135.7kJ/molA

11molH2O2.:3. Q=mct H= -Q:m:ctc=4.18 J/g Q=0.418t2t1kJ

4. 500 mL100 mL 50 mL 0.50 mol/L 0.50 mol/L NaOH

.2.50 mL 0.50 mol/L

3.50 mL 0.50mol/L NaOHNaOH.NaOH.4.NaOHHClNaOH11NaOHHCl

0.50 mol/LNaOH0.50 mol/L NaOH5.

6.57.3 kJ/mol1.50 mL50 mL50 mL2.3.4.5.6.

7. 1.50 mL 0.50 mol/L50 mL 0.50 mol/L2.100 mL 0.50 mol/L100 mL 0.55 mol/LNaOH1.2.1 mol H2O

8.50 mL 0.50 mol/L50 mL 0.50 mol/L 1NaOH1 2 3 460 mL 0.50 mol/L50 mL 0.55 mol/L NaOH

5NaOH 50 mL 0.50mol/L NaOH 1 mol H2O

1 A. B. C. D. D

Ag+>Fe3+>Cu2+>H+>Fe2+>Zn2+>Al3+>Mg2+>Na+(),S2- > I- > Br- > Cl- > OH- > > F----

4pH1pH 2pH3 pHpHpH

xy,a,b,A

1a b

2a b

3a b

4a , b 2 1

5a , b ;

5Fe(OH)2+Ni(OH)2 Fe+NiO2 + 2H2O ( ) AFe(OH)2 BNi(OH)2 CFe DNiO2C

----CuSO41

A BC DH+c(OH-)

4 12 3 Fe -2e = Fe2+ 2H2O +O2 +2e=4OH-Fe -2e = Fe2+ 2H+ +2e = H2

----1>> > >>2

5., .FeFeCFeZnA()B()C()D()F()E()

6H2SO4Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4 2PbSO4+2H2O1:______________________________________:______________________________________2:______________________________________:______________________________________PbO2+4H++SO42- +2e- =PbSO4+2H2OPb+ SO42-2e- =PbSO4 PbSO4+2H2O-2e- =PbO2 + 4H++SO42- PbSO4 +2e- =Pb + SO42-

AAg BZn(OH)2 CAg2O DZn

2Ag + Zn(OH)2

Ag2O + Zn + H2O

7

D

1AAgAPBF4OH- - 4e-=2H2O+O2CEFDPHPH

B

2Ag2OZnKOHZn +Ag2O== ZnO+2Ag AAg2O BPH CPHD

AB

10abbAXYBXYCCuSO4PHDCuSO4PH

AC

11AaBb4OH4e 2H2O+O2CD

BD

12KOH2C2H6+7O2+8KOH==4K2CO3+10H2O A14H2O+7O2+28e-==28OH- BpH C1molC2H614mol DKOH

B C

13ABDC

14ABCPH

Fe + 2 Fe3+ = 3Fe2+123 _________________________ __________________________Fe3++e-=Fe2+__Fe-2e-=Fe2+_

:mol/ L.min mol/L.s v= C/t:

14NH3+5O2 = 4NO+6H2O5LNO0.3molx A(O2)=0.01 molL-1s-1 B(NO)=0.008 molL-1s-1 C(H2O)=0.003 molL-1s-1 D(NH3)=0.002 molL-1s-1 CD

22A + B = 3C + 4D( )AVA =0.5mol / (L.min) BVB =0.3mol / (L.min) CVC =0.8mol / (L.min) DVD = 0.6mol / (L.S) D

3N2+3H22NH3:[N2]=3molL-1,[H2]=9molL-1,[NH3] =4molL-1N2H2

4CO+H2OH2+CO2773KK=9C(H2O)=C(CO)=0.020molL-1CO

2C()+CO2()=2CO() 1 23CO24N25N2 13

abccabSO2O22SO2+O2=2SO3 acN2 Pa ___Pb Pc acVa ___Vc acVa ___Vc = = = >Va ___Vb ___Vc

H 0 S>0 H >0 S 0 H 0 S 0 H >0 S>0

(1) (2)(3)=(4) (5)

a L1mol X2 mol YXg2Yg 2ZgA B C XYZ122D 0.1mol X0.2mol ZAB

,,: A()+3B() 2C()+D() ( )A. B.C.B D.

BC

1. : K

31K2KK

3K

4. (1) (2) (3) (4) K

92NO2g O2g2NOgH0XYX AX YNO2BX YNO2CXYDXNO2YO2 B

. Cs+H2OgCOg+H2g N2g+3H2g 2NH3gN2N2 A B C DD

02KA 2molX7molYB4molX14molYVA=VB=a2Xg+2Yg=Zg+2WgH0VB=0.9a 1BX XB2AWBZnWA nZB 3KB a4B900.35a

03TPkpaV 1molA2molBAg+Bg CgC 402molA4molB C T1molB1molCC 4010V/7405V/7

2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)H=-Q kJ/mol(Q)

A:1molSO30.5 Q kJB :2Q12Q2=Q1 Q C :Q1 =2Q2 = 2Q3 = Q D : 2Q2 = 2Q3 Q1 Q AD

1 ()4 2 pHpH3 ()

12 CH3COOHH2SCu(OH)2H2CO3KHCO3KHSO4NH3H2O345w6

NaCl NaOH H2SO4Cu CH3COOH NH3H2O CO2 1

______,______,________,_______.a. b. c. d.NaCl e. f. g.CO2 h.Na2O i. j. k. l. m. n. o. BaSO4 a.c.e.d.h.l.oi.j.k.m.f.g.

0.05molNaOH100mL A. B.0.5mol/LNH4Cl C.0.5mol/L D.0.5mol/L BD

2. 1.: V=V0

3.1K ()()

n(H+)C(H+)HClNaOH

5NaCl = Na+Cl

NaHSO4=Na++H++SO42-

. 1 H2O+H2O H3O+ +OH- H2O H+ +OH-H+OH-2 Kw= c(H+) c(OH-)=110-14 25

25,, c(H+ )=c(OH-)=110-7mol/L

31.2. 3.

:3.Kw=c(H+)c(OH-) ,c(H) c(OH-) .c(H+)OH-1.H+OH,.2.,c(H+)c(OH-)=11014 4.Kw,25 Kw =110-14100Kw =5.510-13

CH3COOH == CH3COO-+H+H+

CH3COO- + H2O === CH3COOH + OH-

a b c______H2_________ b a=cba c

H+a b c______H2_________ a=b=ca=b

HAHB(1)pH(HA)pH(HB) (2)pHCHACHB(3)pHpHHApHHB

pH pH NaOHNaOH pH NaOHNaOH 0.10mol/Lc(H+)c(H+)3c(H+) 3=

A.NaOH() B.H2O C.NH4Cl() D.CH3COONa () BD

7 A1mo/LPH2 BC DAD

100.01mol/L ABCPHDCD

11.0.1 molL1NH4ClA.B.C.D.C

15 O0 abcc(H+) abc cc(Ac )c(H+)

06110.1molL-1CH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COO-+H+ABNaOHC0.1molL-1HClc(H+)DCH3COONa

0613pH=1,c(Al3+)=0.4molL-1c(SO42-)=0.8molL-1,c(K+)A0.15 molL-1 B0.2 molL-1 C0.3 molL-1 D0.4 molL-1

CH+COH-1CH+=COH- = 110-72CH+COH- 110-73CH+COH- 110-7 H+OH- H+OH- C(H+),,110-725oC

pHpH = -lgcH+pH = -lgcH+= 7pH = -lgcH+7pH = -lgcH+ 712 31,pH 2, H+ pH H+ pHCH+ 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 0-71 0-810-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 0-131 0-14PH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

pH123 4

pH=3HAcpH=4NH4ClpH=11NaOHpH=10Na2CO3

tKW=110-121NaCl[H+]= pH = 20.005mol/LpH= 0.01mol/LNaOHpH=

pH=1HClpH=10NaOHpH= pH=5H2SO4pH=12NaOHpH= 20mLpH=510.05mL0.004mol/LBa(OH)2pH=

pH=3HCl100pH pH=3HAc100pH pH5 100pH=51000[H+] [SO42-]= pH=10NaOH100pH pH=10NaAc10pH

CH+NaOH ___________________ CH+___CH+_______CH+____ _____________CH+10CH+______________b a cb a cc a bC>b=aC>b=ab=a>CC>b=a

(1)100mLpH=3H2SO410mL0.01mol/L

( 2)pH=3HClpH=11

1)2)2~32~3

3)[]

:

4). ..2~3

A B C D E 5VC

1 ( )AB CD

0.1molL-1NaOH1.0mL 11.0mL ( ) A.10.0mL B.10.0mL C.10.0mL D.11.0mL pHBaOH2NaOHNH3H2OV1V2V3 ( )AV3>V2>V1BV3=V2=V1 CV3>V2=V1DV1=V2>V3A

1pH = 14, 100, CO2, CO2 0.56L, (CO2 , , ), :1?2CO2 2.24L, (H+ OH-)?1cNaOH=0.5mol/L c(Ba(OH)2)=0.25mol/L (2)c(Na+)=0.5mol/L c(Ba2+)=0.25mol/L c(HCO3-)=1mol/L

210L5molSO23molO23molSO2SO3 molO2 molSO3 s(SO2)= mol/L;c(O2)= mol/L; c(SO3)= mol/L;p1 p1 350%6.546.15%0.20.150.30.8125P1

3mol 50% 6.5mol 46.15% c(SO2)=0.2mol/L; c(O2)=0.15mol/L c(SO3)=0.3mol/L; 0.8125P1

30.05mol/LNaOH12pH12NaOHpH320mlNaOH12.6ml1NaOH23 C(NaOH)=0.04mol/L C()0.0252mol/L 3K=4105

4.20ml0.05mol/LBa(OH)2BaSO4pH(1)(2)ApH(1)0.05 mol/L,: 0.2mol/L(2) pH=1

2H2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) = 2H2O ( l ) H = 571.6 kJ/mol2H2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) = 2H2O ( g ) H = 483.6 kJ/molCH4 ( g ) + 2O2 ( g ) = 2H2O ( l ) + CO2 ( g ) H = 890 kJ/mol11.2 L641.8kJ

(1)A25B100 (2)pH=8Ba(OH)2pH=5100pH=7Ba(OH)2 110-12110-1429

25VapH=aVbpH=bVa

6(1)(2),(3)(4)(5)(6)

2, , BaCl2, Ba2CO32BaCO3

1 2 HAcNaAcNH3H2ONH4ClHCNNaCN

pH=3pH=11 A [NH4+][Cl-] [H][OH-] B[NH4+][Cl-] [OH-][H]C[Cl-] [NH4+][H] [OH-] D[Cl-][NH4+][OH-][H]B

60.1mol/L NaOH0.1mol/LNH4Cl A[Na][Cl-][OH-][H] B[Cl-][Na] [OH-][H]C[Na]= [Cl-][OH-][H] D[Na]= [Cl-][H][OH-]C

510mLpH=10KOHpH=4HApH7A[A-] = [K+] B[H+] = [OH-]

cH+=110-14mol/LA)NH4+,Al3+,Br-,SO42- B)Na+,Mg2+,Cl-,NO3- C)K+,Ba2+,Cl-,NO3- D)K+,Na+,SO32-,SO42-C

ACa2+ BpH C D[Ca2+]A

Na2CO31.06gNa2CO310H2OA2.86g BpH CNa+ DD

CH+NaOH ___________________ CH+___CH+_______CH+ ____ _____________CH+10CH+______________b a cb a cc a bC>b=aC>b=ab=a>CC>b=a

pH pH NaOHNaOH pH NaOHNaOH 0.10mol/Lc(H+)c(H+)3c(H+) 3=

11

. 234

2. 1 AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) KspAgCl =C(Ag+)C(Cl-) 2Ksp AnBm(s) nAm+(aq) + mBn-(aq) Ksp, AnBm= C(Am+)n . C(Bn-)m BaSO4Ag2CrO4Mg(OH)2Fe(OH)3

3 AnBm(s) nAm+(aq) + mBn-(aq) Q c >Ksp Q c =Ksp (2) Q c =Ksp Q c

1CaCO311.0 L0.1 mL0.01 mol /L CaCl2Na2CO3

2CaCl2Na2CO31.0 mol /L C(Ca2+) = C(CO32- )= 0.110-3 0.01/1.0 = 10-6 mol /L Qc = C(Ca2+)C(CO32-) = 10-12 < Ksp,CaCO3=4.96 10-9 CaCO3C(Ca2+)C(CO32-) = 10-4 mol /L Qc = C(Ca2+)C(CO32- )= 10-8 > Ksp,CaCO3 CaCO3

11.0 10-3 moldm-3 K2CrO4AgNO3,Ag2CrO4C(Ag+) =? CrO42-, C(Ag+)= ?CrO42-1.0 10-5 moldm-3

2 AgCl(s) Ag+ (aq) + Cl (aq) ,

Ksp Ksp(AgCl)=c(Ag+)c(Cl-)=1.810-10 Ksp(Ag2CrO4)= c(Ag+)2c(CrO42-)=1.910-12 Ag2CrO4(s)2Ag+(aq) +CrO42-(aq)

0.001mol/LAgNO30.001mol/LKCl0.001mol/LK2CrO4(1)Cl-CrO42-? (2)CrO42-Ag2CrO4 Cl-? CrO42-Cl- ?( 10-5mol/L)

: (1)AgClAgCl

(2)AgClAgClAg2CrO4Cl-CrO42-

Mg(OH)2NH4ClMg(OH)2NH4Cl

Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2(s) Mg2(aq)+2OH(aq)HOH-,c(OH)Mg(OH)2NH4ClNH4HOH,c(OH)Mg(OH)2

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123.4.

新课标苏教版 选修四 化学反应原理总复习

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新课标苏教版选修四化学反应原理总复习