英汉互译常用技巧之英汉互译常用技巧之简译法简译法陈霞 宾艳芳 李晖陈霞 宾艳芳 李晖

减译法又叫简词译法、省略法，所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去，而是省略一些可有可无的，或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词，而不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。

（一）代词的省略 A· 省略作主语的代词EXAMPLES ：1 ） That’s the way I am ,and try as I might ,

I haven’t been able to change it.但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。

2） All the fellow gathered around ,stretching their necks like ducks.

所有的人聚拢过来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。3） He covered his eye with his hands .

他用双手捂住了眼睛。

B· 在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来EXAMPLES:1 ） When will he arrive ？— You can never tell .他什么时候到？说不准。2 ） If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。

3） The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attains.

人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。4）What one knows is ,in youth ,of little moment; they know enough who know how to learn.

一个人年轻时懂得什么不大重要，重要的是懂得如何学习。

C· 作宾语的代词往往也可省略EXAMPLES:1 ） The following letter will explain itself and

needs no apology.下面的话一看就明白，用不着道歉。2 ） She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if

to thank him for it.她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。

D· 省略物主代词EXAMPLES:1 ） Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad foreh

ead ,her face was short ,her upper lip short ,showing a glint of teeth ,her brows were straight and dark ,her lashes long and dark ,her nose straight.

她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排亮亮的牙齿，眉毛又黑又直，鼻子笔挺。

2 ） In order to survive ,to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.

为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然进行着斗争。

2·省略非人称或无意义的代词 it

“it”也起着代词的作用，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，往往可以省略。A · 非人称的 itEXAMPLES:1 ） Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats an

d dogs.外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。2 ） A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels i

n a straight lines.光的一个人尽皆知的特点是直线传播。

无意义的 it 1 It was very easy for him to pour the whole bott

le of wine into his throat. 将整瓶酒倒进喉咙对他来说就是小菜一碟。 2 It is better to do well than to say well. 说的好不如做的好。 3 It is only shallow people who judge by appear

ance. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。

省略连词 A 省略并列连词 and 和 or 1 Mr.Bingley was good-looking and gentlem

an-like. 宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼。 2 Men and women ,old and young,all joinde

in the battle. 男女老少都参加了战斗

B 省略从属连词• 1 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.• 我们看见了一只更鸟，知道春天快要到了。（表示原因）• 2 If you don′t go there tomorrow ,they will get angry• 你明天不去，他们会生气的。

省略介词 表示时间和地点的介词短语在被翻译成汉语的时候，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。 1 On sundays we have no school. 周末我们不上学。 2 Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所禁止吸烟。

3 She hid behind the door . 她藏在门后（ behind 不能省略） 4 His brother stood by the window. 他弟弟站在窗边（ by 不能省略）

谓语的省略 英语的谓语必须是动词，而汉语的谓语却可以是形容词或其他词性，故英语中的动词特别是联系动词可以省略不译。 1 These developing countries cover vast territorie

s,encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.

这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。 2 When the pressure gets low,the boiling-point be

comes low. 压力低，沸点就低。

（二）从修辞角度考虑的省略1 省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的字

1 There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead.

没有下雪，但叶落草枯。 2 Could you help me in any way? 你能帮帮我吗 ?

2 英文中重复出现的短语译成汉语时可适当省略 1 University applicants who had worked at

a job would receive preference over those who had not .

报考大学的人，有工作的优先录取。 2 She curtseyed again,and would have bl

ushed deeper,if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time.

她又行了个屈膝礼，由于她的脸一直涨的通红，所以现在不可能涨的更红了。

3 同义词，近义词或意义重复的词，翻译时可适当省略1 He was safe and sound.他平安无恙。2 Bacteria capable of causing disease are

known as pathoenic,or disease-prodeducing.

能引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。

总结总之，应该记住这样一个原则：简译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。