वार्ता र सामुहिक सौदावाजी पुस्तिका

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;f}bfafhL k'l:tsfJfftf{ / ;fd"lxs

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ljifo ;"rLk'l:tsfsf] pb]Zo | $jftf{ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < | %–^xfdLn] jftf{ lsg ug]{ < | &;kmn / prLt jftf{sf] lgldQ cfjZos tLg s'/fx? -xfj8{ cjwf/0ff_ | *Jfftf{ / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL | (–!)cf}Bf]lus ;DaGwdf s'g k|sf/sf] jftf{ x'g ;S5 < | !!jftf{ sxfF ug{ ;lsG5 < | !@jftf{af6 s:tf lsl;dsf lgisif{x? cfpg ;Sb5g\ < | !#–!% b'j} kIfx?nfO{ kmfObfhgs cj:yf | !#Pp6f kIfnfO{ kmfObf / csf]{ kIfnfO{ a]kmfObf x'g] cj:yf | !$b'j} kIfnfO{ a]kmfObf x'g] cj:yf | !%;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLsf] d'Vo txx? | !^–@@ tx ! M k|f/lDes tof/L | !^–!&tx @ M jftf{ k|f/De ug'{ cl3 Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? | !*tx # M Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ k|:tfj /fVg] tx | !(tx $ M ;f}bfafhLsf] tx -k|ToIf jftf{_ | @)tx % M ;Demf}tf / jftf{sf] clGtd r/0f | @!jftf{sf] nflu cfjZos bIftf | @#;'Gg] bIftf (L.A.D.D.E.R) | @$–@%cfˆgf] c8fg eGbf klg cfˆgf] lxtsf ljifoj:t'x?df a9L s]Gb|Lt x'g'kg]{ | @^;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ bIftf — af]Nbf k|i6 / cl8u eP/ af]Ng] | @&–@* tl/sf g+= ! — cfkm\gf] egfO{nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s /fVg' | @&tl/sf g+= @ — ædÆ ;+u ;DalGwt ;Gb]zx? | @*sfg"gL ?k/]vf | @(–#!

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jftf{;+u ;DalGwt cjwf/0ff -ljz]iftM OG6Lu|]6Le÷sf]k/]l6e_, pkfo tyf ljifox?sf] ;DaGwdf,

jftf{ k|s[ofnfO{ kmnbfoL agfpg] ;DaGwdf,

prLt jftf{ k|s[ofsf] l;4fGtx?sf] ;DaGwdf /

;kmn jftf{ / ;DalGwt b'j} kIfx?sf] lgldQ kmfobfhgs kl/0ffd;+u ;DalGwt tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? aLr ;DaGw ;'wf/sf s'/fx? .

g]pafdxf;+3n] ljleGg k|sf/sf Pjd\ k|lti7fgx?sf] cfkm\gf] dfu adf]lhdsf k|lzIf0f sfoqmdx? l8hfOg u/L ;~rfng ug]{] u/]sf] 5 . ORr's /f]huf/bftf tyf Joltmx?n] /f]huf/bftfsf] a]j;fO6 (www.fncci.org) dfkm{t jf g]pafdxf;+3df ;f]em} ;Dk{s ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 .

o; k'l:tsfsf] pb]Zo Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] jftf{ ug]{ Ifdtf clea[l4 u/fpg' xf] . o; k'l:tsfsf] ;xof]uaf6 jftf{ s] xf] / pBf]u Jofkf/sf] If]qdf ;+nUg JolQmx?n] jftf{sf] k|s[ofjf6 cf}Bf]]lus ;'';DaGw s;/L :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f a'em\g ;lsg]5 . o; k''l:tsfsf] d'Vo pb]Zo kf7sx?nfO{ lgDg ljifox?af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg' xf] M

k'l:tsfsf] pb]Zo

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xfdLn] xfd|f] b}lgs lhjgdf sxL+ g sxL+ jftf{sf] dfWod ckgfpg] u/]sf x'G5f} . 3/, ;dfh / sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ljz]iftM jftf{sf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf x'G5f} . dflg;x?sf] aLr s]xL lng] lbg] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ 5nkmnsf] qmddf jftf{sf] ;xof]u lng] u/]sf x'G5f} . Jofkf/, sfg"gL k|s[of, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, /fi6«–/fi6« aLr / JolQmut kl/l:yltdf jftf{ x'g] ub{5 .

jftf{ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

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jftf{ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <;lIfKtdf eGg] xf] eg], jftf{ eGgfn] ;+afbsf] dfWodjf6 b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L JolQm jf kIfx? aLr pGkGg ljjfb ;'Nemfpg jf ;dembf/L sfod ug{ jf kmnbfoL lgisif{ lgsfNg] k|s[of xf] . d'VotM gLlh If]qdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? x'g] ePsf]n] pgLx?;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg ljifoj:t'df 5nkmn, ljjfb jf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg jftf{ dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfpF5 .

jftf{ l8l:6«\Ao'l6e (Distributive)÷ sDkL6]l6e (Competitive) jf OG6/Psl6e (Interactive) ÷sf]kl/l6e (Cooperative) x'G5 . t/ kf/:kfl/s ?kdf kmfObf x'g] OG6/Psl6e (Interactive) ÷ sf]kl/l6e (Cooperative) k|sf/sf] jftf{ /f]Hg' g} prLt x'G5 . o;jf6 eljiodf Jofkf/ug{sf] lgldQ 9f]sf ;w}+ v'nf /xG5 . To;}n] xfdL OG6/Psl6e ÷sf]kl/l6e k|sf/sf] jftf{sf] af/]df a9L s]lGb|t /xg]5f}+ . o;n] eljiodf ;d]t ;DaGwnfO{ sfod /fVg], ;'wf/ ug]{ tyf b'j} kIfnfO{ kmfObf x'g] cj:yf >[hgf ug]{ nIo lnPsf] x'G5 .

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xfdLn] jftf{ lsg ug]{ <

b'j} kIfx?sf] ;femf rfxgf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ePsf]n] jftf{ ug{' kg]{ x'G5 .

jftf{sf] dxTjM of] sd vlr{nf] x'G5 / ljjfbnfO{ rfF8f] 6+'UofFp5 . of] cgf}krfl/s / gLlh x'G5 . jftf{sf] kIfx?åf/f lgolGqt k|s[ofjf6 ljjfbsf]

;dfwfg x'G5 . o;n] åGb sd u/L ;DaGwnfO{ a9L ;'b[9 u5{ .

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;kmn / prLt jftf{sf] lgldQ cfjZos tLg s'/fx? -xfj8{ cjwf/0ff_

Jfftf{n] b'j} kIfx?nfO{ dfGo x'g] ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf >[hgf ug'{ kb{5 .

jftf{ k|efjsf/L x'g' kb{5 . jftf{n] ;+nUg b'j} kIfx?sf] aLrsf] ;DaGw lju|g glbO{ ;s];Dd ;'b[9 ug{' kb{5 .

cfkm\gf] c8fgsf] lgldQ dfq ul/g] jftf{ jf ;f}bfafhLn] dfyL pNn]lvt s'/fx? k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g .

o;n] cg'lrt k|sf/sf] ;Demf}tf ug{ k|]l/t ub{5 h'g b'j} kIfx?sf] lgldQ lxtsf/L x'Fb}g .

o; k|sf/sf] jftf{ k|efjsf/L xF'b}g .

o;n] eljiosf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;d]t vt/fdf kfb{5 .

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Jfftf{ / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL

;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLn] /f]huf/bftf / sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] aLr /f]huf/ zt{x? lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL x'g] jftf{nfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . jftf{df k|foMh;f] sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] tkm{jf6 o'lgog jf c? s'g} dhb'/ ;+37gn] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/]sf] x'G5 . ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL k|s[ofsf] cGTodf ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ;Demf}tf tof/ ul/G5 . ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ;Demf}tf k|f]l;8'/n (procedural) jf ;A;6]G6Le (substantive) ;Demf}tfsf] ?kdf x'g ;S5 . k|f]l;8'/n (procedural) ;Demf}tf sfdbf/ / Joj:yfks aLrsf] ;DaGw / JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ k|s[of;+u ;DalGwt x'G5 .

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JolQmut u'gf;f], ljjfb / cg'zf;g;+u ;DalGwt k|s[ofx? o; k|sf/sf] ;Demf}tfn] ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . w]/}h;f] k|f]l;8'/n (procedural) ;Demf}tfsf s'/fx? sDkgLsf] lgoddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 / o;n] /f]huf/;+u ;DalGwt zt{ tyf cj:yfx? / cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L lbPsf] x'G5 . ;A;6]G6Le (substantive) ;Demf}tfn] ljz]if k|sf/sf ljifoj:t'x? h:t} cfwf/e"t kfl/>lds, cf]e/6fOd e'QmfgL, af]g;, ljbf, sfo{;do cfbLsf af/]df Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 . w]/}h;f] sDkgLx?df lglZrt ;dosf] lgldQ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] x'G5 . ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL k|s[ofn] kfl/>lds / /f]huf/ zt{ ;DaGwL jftf{df k|f]l;8'/n (procedural) ;Demf}tfnfO{ k"g/larf/ u5{ .

Jfftf{ / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL

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cf}Bf]lus ;DaGwdf s'g k|sf/sf] jftf{ x'g ;S5 <

Pshgf sfdbf/ / pgnfO{ sfddf nufpg] /f]huf/bftf aLrsf] jftf{ .

o'lgog jf sfdbf/x?sf] ;d"x / Pshgf /f]huf/bftfaLrsf] jftf{ .

o'lgogx?sf] ;d"x / /f]huf/bftfx?sf] ;d"xaLrsf] jftf{ .

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jftf{ sxf“ ug{ ;lsG5 <sfo{:yn jf k|lti7fg :t/df

pBf]u :t/df -pxL k|sf/sf] pBf]ux?sf] ;d"x jf ;+3_

/fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df

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jftf{af6 s:tf lsl;dsf lgisif{x? cfpg ;Sb5g\ <pbfx/0fM

b'j} kIfx?nfO{ kmfObfhgs cj:yf

sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm'n] kfpg] dfl;s kfl/>ldsdf ? %))÷— a[l4 ul/lbg dfu u5{g\ .

b'j} kIfx?n] cfˆgf] ;a} dfux? k'/f u/fpg ;Sg] cj:yf gx'g ;S5 t/ To; dWo] s]xL s'/fx? kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf x'g ;Sb5 .

sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] dfyL /fv]sf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ /f]huf/bftfx?n] dfl;s ? @))÷— a9fpg] k|:tfj /fvL ;f] jfkt x8tfn gug]{ k|lta4tf sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?af6 dfU5g\ .

jftf{sf] dfWodjf6 b'j} kIfx? aLr ? @*)÷— a9fpg] ;xdlt x'G5 . sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] klg ;Demf}tf sfod /xg] cjlwe/ ;f] ;Demf}tfn] ;d]6]sf ljifoj:t'x?sf] ;DaGwdf x8tfn gug]{ s'/fsf] ;fy ;fy} To;afx]s c? ljifoj:t'x?df klg x8tfn h:tf cf]Bf]lus sf/jfxL ug{' cl3 ljjfb ;dfwfgsf k|s[of ckgfpg] s'/fdf ;xdt x'G5g\ .b'j} kIfx?n] cfkm\gf] k"j{ c8fgnfO{ TofuL s]xL nrLnf] eO{ ;xdlt u5{g\ .

Wofg lbg' kg]{ a'+bfx? cfkm\gf] lxtsf s'/fx?nfO{ la;{g' x'Gg . sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] rfxgf af]g;\,

OG;]lG6e, ;'/lIft sfo{:yn cfbL s'/fx?sf] ;fy ;fy} cfkm\gf] xftdf w]/} k};f k/f];\ eGg] xf] .

/f]huf/bftfx?sf] rfxgf pTkfbsTj / sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfdf a[l4 ug{'sf] ;fy} nfut tyf pTkfbg vr{ a9g glbg' xf] .

b'j} kIfx?n] rfx]sf lxtsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ldnfpg ;s] b'j} kIfx?sf] lgldQ kmfObfhgs ;xdlt ePsf] dflgg]5 .

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Pp6f kIfnfO{ kmfObf / csf]{ kIfnfO{ a]kmfObf x'g] cj:yf

Pp6f kIfn] cfkm'n] /fv]sf] dfux?dWo] ;a} jf w]/} xfl;n ub{5g\ eg] csf]{ kIfn] cfkm\gf] dfux? s]xL klg xfl;n ug{ c;kmn jf yf]/} dfq xfl;n ug{ ;kmn x'G5g\ . sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds a[l4sf] dfu k|lt s'g} rf;f] b]vfpFb}gg\ / kfl/>lds a9fpg dfGb}gg\ .

clGtddf kfl/>lds a[l4 ug{ g;Sg] lgisif{df 6F'luG5 . sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;f}bfafhL ug]{ Ifdtf sdhf]/ ePsf]n] /f]huf/bftfx?n] /fv]sf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf5{g\ .

/f]huf/bftfx?nfO{ of] jftf{ kmfObfhgs x'G5 eg] sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ s]xL klg pknAwL x'Fb}g . o;n] c;Gt'i6L, lg/fzfkg / cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f >[hgf ub5{ h'g c;n ;DaGwsf] lgldQ k|lts'n x'G5 . o;n] sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfpg] ;xof]u klg u'Dg ;S5 / x8tfn h:tf] cf}Bf]lus sf/jfxL x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .

jftf{af6 s:tf lsl;dsf lgisif{x? cfpg ;Sb5g\ <

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b'j} kIfnfO{ a]kmfObf x'g] cj:yf

b'j} kIfx? s'g} klg ;xdltdf cfpg g;sL jftf{ cuf8L a9g ;Sb}g . ljjfb x8\tfn jf tfnfaGbLdf kl/0ft x'g hfG5 .

sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] dfu k|lt /f]huf/bftfx?n] s'g} rf;f] b]vfpFb}gg\ . b'j} kIfx? cfˆg–cfˆgf] c8fgdf sfod /xL s'g} klg nrstf b]vfpFb}gg\ . kmn:j?k jftf{ cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g / sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx? x8tfndf hfG5g\ . b'j} sfdbf/ / /f]huf/bftfx?n] cfDbfgL u'dfpF5g\ lsgeg] x8tfn hf/L ePsf] cj:yfdf pTkfbg x'Fb}g .

o;af6 sfo{:yndf cfjZos kg]{ bL3{sflng ;xof]u / c;n ;DaGwsf] ljsf;df gs/fTds c;/ kg{ hfG5 .

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;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLsf % d'Vo txx?

tx !

k|f/lDes tof/Ljftf{ k|s[ofdf k|f/lDes tof/Lsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 .

of] r/0fdf jftf{ 6f]nL u7g ug]{ sfo{ x'G5 . jftf{ 6f]nLdf b'j} kIfsf jftf{ ;DaGwL 1fg tyf bIftf ePsf k|ltlglwx? ;dfj]z ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . of] txdf /f]huf/bftf / sfdbf/sf k|ltlglwx?n] cfˆgf] cfˆgf] l:yltnfO{ ;ldIff u/L jftf{df /fVg' kg]{ d'Vo ljifoj:tx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 . ;j{k|yd jftf{ ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 5}g eGg] ljifosf] 6'Ëf] nufpg' kg]{ x'G5 . d'Vo ljifoj:t'sf] ;xL a'emfO{, pBf]u ;~rfng, sfdsf zt{, pTkfbg tyf c? s'g} ;DalGwt zt{x?sf] af/]df ljz]if hfgsf/L x'g cfjZos x'G5 .

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sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] kfl/>lds ;DaGwL jftf{jf6 cfkm\gf] xftdf a9L k};f k/f];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . sfdbf/x?sf] rfxgf sDkgLnfO{ bfdf;fxLdf kf/L cfkm\gf] kfl/>lds ;d]t gkfpg] cj:yfdf k'/\ofpg' kSs} xf]Og . csf]{tkm{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] a9L kfl/>lds kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gcfcf];\ eGg] /f]huf/bftfx?sf] klg rfxgf xf]Og . t/ pgLx? tna a[l4;+u ;DalGwt Jofkfl/s k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf / :yL/tfaf/] a9L ;+j]bgzLn x'G5g\ . of] ljifo sfdbf/x?sf] lgldQ klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ / ;fGble{s x'G5 .

pbfx/0f

jftf{sf] lgldQ tof/L ubf{ k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf, pTkfbsTj / sDkgLsf] sfo{ Ifdtf clea[l4sf ;fy ;fy} pTkfbsTj vr{ sd ug]{ / gofF /f]huf/ cj;/ >[hgf s;/L ug]{ eGg] ljifoaf/] ;f]+Rg' kg]{ x'G5 .b'j} kIfx?sf] lgldQ ;fGble{s tyf dxTjsf oL ljifox?sf] ;DaGwdf ;xdlt u/L sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] xftdf a9L k};f kfpg] cj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L b'j} kIfx?nfO{ x'g] lxtsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L b'j}nfO{ kmfObfhgs l:ylt >h[gf ug{ ;lsG5 .

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tx @

jftf{ k|f/De ug'{ cl3 Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

5nkmn u/L cfwf/e't lgodx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;xdt x'g] .kIfx?n] of] txdf jftf{sf] lgldQ cfjZos cfwf/e"t lgodx? to ug{' kb{5 . k|s[ofsf] /fd|f] z'?jft x'g' eg]sf] cfwf sfd ;lsg' xf] eGg] egfO ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLsf] ;DaGwdf klg pltg} dxTj /fVb5 . o;n] ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ;Demf}tf agfpgsf] lgldQ cfjZos kf/:kl/s ljZjf; / ;dEfmbf/Lsf] jftfj/0f >[hgf ub{5 .

kIfx?n] jftf{sf] ;do Ps– csf{nfO{ afwf gk'¥ofpg] s'/fdf ;xdt x'g] .kIfx?n] Ps–csf{nfO{ bf]if nufpg], x:tIf]k ug]{ jf bafpg] sfo{ gug]{ s'/fdf ;xdt x'g] / k|i6 x'g / ljifo j:t' /fd|/L a'Efm\gsf] lgldQ dfq k|Zg ug]{ .kIfx?n] cfb/k"j{s ;'lglbg] / csf]{ kIfsf] rfxgf / lxtsf] s'/fnfO{ klg a'em\g] k|of; ug]{ s'/fdf ;xdt x''g] .

pbfx/0f

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tx #

Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ k|:tfj /fVg] tx

jftf{sf] z'?df kIfx?n] cfˆgf] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 c8fgsf ljifox? k|i6 ?kdf /fVg' kb{5 .

sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|:tfjsfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] dfl;s kfl/>ldsdf ? %))÷– a[l4 ug'{kg{] dfu /fVb5g\ . @))( b]lv @)!! ;fn leq b}lgs lhjgofkgsf] lgldQ nfUg] vr{df #) k|ltztn] a[l4 ePsf] sf/0f ;f] /sd a9fpg' kg]{ ts{ sfdbf/x?sf] /x]5 .

/f]huf/bftfsf] k|:tfj/f]huf/bftfn] sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] dfunfO{ c:jLsf/ u5{ . pTkfbgsf] nfutdf !) k|ltztsf] b/n] a[l4 ePsf] / x8tfnsf] sf/0f kl5Nnf] b'O{ jif{ otf pTkfbsTjdf w]/} sdL cfPsf] eGg] /f]huf/bftfsf] ts{ . t;y{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?af6 pTkfbsTj / pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] u'0f:t/ a[l4 u/L sDkgLsf] ;]jfdf k|utL ug]{ k|lta4tf eP dfq /f]huf/bftfn] dfl;s kfl/>ldsdf ? @))÷— a9fpg] k|:tfj cl3 ;fb{5 .

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tx $

;f}bfafhLsf] tx -k|ToIf jftf{_

;f}bfafhLsf] txdf kIfx?sf] km/s km/s lxtsf s'/fx?nfO{ ldnfpg, z'?sf] cf—cfˆgf] k|:tfjsf] -? %))÷— / ? @))÷—_ sf/0f b'j} kIfx? aLr pTkGg b'/LnfO{ sd ug{' jf csf]{ kIfnfO{ cfˆgf] ts{ 7Ls 5 egL cfkm'n] k|:tfj u/]sf] /sdnfO{ :jLs[t u/fpg' xf] . o;sf] lgldQ b'j} kIfx?n] cf—cfˆgf] ts{ k|i6?kdf /fVg] / ;f]sf] cfwf/x? v'nfO{ cfˆgf] d'4fnfO{ k]z ug{' kb{5 .

Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?M

k|i6 / v'n]/ s'/f /fVg],

;+od eP/ af]Ng] / l56f]–l56f] gaf]Ng],

JolQmut cfIf]k gnufpg] / gs/fTds ;+s]tx?sf] k|of]u gug]{ /

csf]{ kIfsf] s'/f ;'Gbf ;s[o eP/ ;'Gg] .

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tx %

;Demf}tf / jftf{sf] clGtd r/0f

;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog x'g] ldlt,

;Demf}tfsf] ;dofjlw,

;Demf}tfsf] JofVof;+u ;DalGwt ljjfb tyf cGo ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|s[of /

;Demf}tf pNn+3g ePdf x'g;Sg] ;d:of / pkrf/ .

Jfftf{sf] clGtd r/0fdf Tof] eGbf klxn]sf] r/0fdf u/]sf ;a} sfo{x?sf] ;dLIff u/L To;jf6 lgrf]8 lgsfNg] sfo{ ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . of] r/0fdf jftf{jf6 algPsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;+o'Qm?kdf ;femf ;f]+r, of]hgf / ;xdltsf] cfwf/df sfo{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . lgDg aF'bfx? clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 / tL aF'bfx?nfO{ lnlvt ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 .

21

22

;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLsf % d'Vo txx? pbfx/0fjftf{sf] dfWodjf6 kIfx? ;Demf}tf ug{ tof/ x'G5g\ / sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] dfl;s kfl/>ldsdf ? @*)÷— a9fpg] u/L ;Demf}tf x'G5 . sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?n] u}/sfg"gL x8tfndf efu glng] / pTkfbsTj / sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ u/fpg k|lti7fgdf sfo{:yn ;xsfo{ ;ldlt :yfkgf ug]{ ;xdlt ub{5g\ . b'j} kIfx?n] ;xdt ePsf] ldltjf6 gofF kfl/>lds lbg] Joj:yf ug{'sf] ;fy} ;Demf}tfsf] ;dofjwL ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog x'g] ldlt b]lv b'O{ jif{sf] lgldQ to ub{5g\ . ;Demf}tfsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} c;dembf/L jf ljjfb ePdf b'j} kIfx?sf] cfk;L 5nkmnaf6 lglZrt ;do leq ;f] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ pko'Qm k|s[of tf]Sg] s'/fdf ;xdt x'G5g\ .

csf]{ kIfn] gs/fTds pQ/ lbPdf, t'/Gt lj/f]w u/L xfNg'' xFb}g . To;sf] sf/0f ;f]wL cfˆgf] c8fg eGbf klg jftf{af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL jftf{nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg' kb{5 .

jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;Demf}tf ;Dd k'Ug pko'Qm ljsNkx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kb{5 (B.A.T.N.A) / ;Demf}tf x'g g;Sg] l:ylt ePdf ;a} eGbf pko'Qm ljsNksf] 5gf}6 ug{' kb{5 .

;Demf}tfsf] lgldQ pko'Qm ljsNk (B.A.T.N.A)

23

jftf{sf] nflu cfjZos bIftf

x/]s kIfsf] jftf{ k|s[ofdf b'O{ k|sf/sf] cfˆgf] dtnasf ljifox? x'G5g\ . Pp6f ljifoj:t'';+u ;DalGwt x'G5 eg] csf]{ cfˆgf] JolQmut s'/f;+u ;DalGwt x'G5 . w]/} cj:yfx?df ljleGg sf/0f oL b'O{ dtnasf ljifox?nfO{ ld;fOG5 .

JolQmx?nfO{ ;d:ofaf6 cnUofpg' cfjZos x'G5 .

slt cj:yfdf cgfjZos ?kdf JolQmut nfG5gf nufpg] sfo{ eO{/x]sf] x'G5 . ljz]ifu/L xfdLn] c?x?sf] af/]df cfˆgf] s:tf] ;f]Fr 5, ;f] af/] pgLx?nfO{ ;f]em} geGg] sf/0fn] klg o:tf] x'g hfG5 .

cf–cfˆgf] c8fgnfO{ lnP/ ljjfb ug]{ sfo{n] kIfx? aLr ;DaGw ;'wf/ ug]{ eGbf klg cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] c8fgnfO{ a9L dxTj lbg] sfo{ x'G5 .

s'g} cj:yfnfO{ lnP/ l/;fpg] sfo{ ubf{ ;f] cj:yf;+u ;DalGwt JolQmx?;+u :jt l/;fpg] sfo{ x'g hfG5 .

24

jQmf;+u ;f]emf] b[li6 ldnfP/ pgsf] s'/f ;'Gg' kb{5 .

jQmfaf6 yk hfgsf/L lng k|Zg ug]{ / pgn] eg]sf] s'/fdf pT;'stf b]vfpg' kb{5 .

jQmfn] af]Ng] qmddf x:tIf]k gug]{ / c?nfO{ klg To;f] ug{ lbg' x'Fb}g . jQmfnfO{ k|i6 ?kdf cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg lbg' kb{5 .

ljifoj:t'nfO{ km]g'{ tyf a+Uofpg' x'Fb}g . jQmfsf] ljifoj:t' k|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 / To;jf6 cfˆgf] ljifoj:t';+u ldNg] a'+bfx?nfO{ 7Dofpg ;Sg' kb{5 .

;'Gg] bIftf (L.A.D.D.E.R)

25

;'Gg] s|ddf jQmfsf] efjgf k|lt ;+j]bgzLn /xL cfkm"n] ;'g]sf] / a'em]sf] s'/fx?nfO{ k'glj{rf/ u/L t6:y efiffdf JoQm ug{' kb{5 .

b[li6, ;sf/fTds zfl//Ls cleJolQm / zAbsf] k|of]u u/L jQmfsf] egfO{ a'Efm\g cfkm' pT;'s 5' eGg] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{'kb{5 . jQmfsf] s'/fx?nfO{ ;+If]kdf k|:t't ug]{ / pg]n] eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;Ddfg u5f}{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ emNsfpg' kb{5 .

of] txdf ;Demf}tf;+u ;DalGwt ;a} a'Fbfx?nfO{ k|i6?kdf x]g]{ / /fVg] sfd u/L ;Demf}tfsf] d:of}bf tof/ ul/G5 . gf]6M of] txdf ;kmntfsf] d'Vo cfwf/ g} kIfx?sf] cfˆgf] c8fgnfO{ 5f8]/

nlrnf] eO{ cufl8 a9\g' xf] .

26

slt cj:yfdf ljjfbsf kIfx? cf–cfˆgf] c8fgdf /xL s'g} nrstf gb]vfpgsf] sf/0f ;xdltsf] ljGb'df k'Ug ufx|f] kg]{ x'G5 . Pp6f kIf cfˆgf] c8fg cg';f/sf] hLt xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePdf csf]{ kIf cfˆgf] c8fgsf] xsdf xf/]sf] dflgg]5 . t/ w]/} cj:yfdf b'j} jf ;a} kIfx? kmfObfhgs cj:yfdf k'Ug ;Sg] pkfo cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;xdltaf6 ;a} kIfx? ;Gtf]if x'g] cj:yf x'G5 .

kIfx?sf] c8fg k5fl8 pgLx?sf] cf–cfˆgf] :jfy{sf s'/fx? x'g ;S5g\ h'g t'/Gt} ldNg ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . t/ oL dtnasf s'/fx? k5fl8 /x]sf ljz]if s'/fx? o:tf x'G5g\ h;df ;xdlt sfod ug{ clt h?/L x'G5 . cfˆgf] z'?sf] c8fgnfO{ 5f]8L o; k|sf/sf h?/L ljifo j:t'x?df leGg tl/sf ckgfO{ ;xdlt sfod ug{ clt h?/L x'G5 .

c8fg eGbf klg cfkm\gf] lxtsf ljifoj:t'x?df a9L s]Gb|Lt x'g'kg]{

27

;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ bIftf — af]Nbf k|i6 / c8Lu eP/ af]Ng];"rgf k|jfx eg]sf] b'O{ kIfaLr ljrf/ cfbfg–k|bfg x'g] k|s[of xf] . csf]{ kIfn] ;s[o eO{ ;'lglbg] cj:yf >[hgf ug{ ;Sg' g} k|i6 jStfsf] u'0f xf] . ljz]iftM b'O{j6f tl/sf w]/} pkof]uL x'G5 .tl/sf g+= !

cfˆgf] egfO{nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s /fVg'M ljrf/x? cfbfg k|bfg ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug{', c;dembf/LnfO{ Go"g ug{', ;xdlt / c;xdltsf aF'bfx? k|i6fpg], ;femf ;dembf/Lsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ a9fjf lbg] / cfk;L lxtsf nflu ljleGg pkfox? vf]Hg] .l b'j} kIfx?nfO{ kmfObf x'g] pkfo vf]Hg],l ljjfb ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] ;+Vof

a9fpg] .

28

tl/sf g+= @

ædÆ ;+u ;DalGwt ;Gb]zx?ædÆ ;+u ;DalGwt ;Gb]zn] kIfx?sf] ljjflbt s'/fx?nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s JoQm ug{ d2t ub{5 / o;n] csf]{ kIfnfO{ l/;fpg] cj:yf / kl/jt{g ljd'v x'gjf6 arfpF5 . ;fy} cfkm' s;'/bf/ xf] eGg] ;f]Frjf6 klg arfpF5 .

ædÆ ;+u ;DalGwt ;Gb]zsf] rf/ efu x'G5g\ M cfˆgf] efjgfTds cleJolQm n ædnfO{ ;fx|} b'v nfu]sf] 5 lsgeg]====Æ cfkm'nfO{ lg/fz ug]{ Jojxf/

;DalGw cleJolQm n æ===tkfO{ ldl6ª\df #) ldg]6 l9nf]

k'Ug' eof]========Æ To; k|sf/sf] Jojxf/af6 cfkm'nfO{ x'g hfg] c;/ n æ====To;sf/0f d}n] csf]{ 5nkmn

sfo{qmddf efu lng kfPg .Æ o;af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf] kl/jt{g n æ;dodf 5nkmn sfo{qmd z'? ug{

kfP d tkfO{sf] ;f] sfo{nfO{ w]/} ;x|fgf ug]{ lyPF . Æ

;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ bIftf — af]Nbf k|i6 / c8Ls eP/ af]Ng]

29

sfg"gL ?k/]vf jftf{sf] e"ldsf;+u ;DalGwt >d P]g @)$* / >d lgod @)%) sf k|fjwfgx? M

Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt — lqkIfLo -bkmf @!_ n sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgldQ Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f

ug]{ sfo{ ;DaGwdf jftf{ .

29

30

s]lGb|o >d ;Nnfxfsf/ ;ldlt — lqklIfo -bkmf ^@_ n >d ;DalGw gLlt / sfg"g th{'df ug]{ ljifodf jftf{ .

k|lti7fgdf >d ;DaGw ;ldlt — b'O{kIfLo -bkmf ^#_ n sNof0fsf/L sf]if, ;~ro sf]if, jf:yfg Joj:yfkg,

pTkfbsTj / ;]jf j[l4 ;DaGwL ljifodf jftf{ .

JolQmut ljjfb ;dfwfg k|s[of -bkmf &#_

;fd"lxs ljjfb ;dfwfg k|s[of -bkmf &$_

sfg"gL ?k/]vf

31

tx !k|ltlglwx? jf cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgog dfkm{t ;fd"lxs xs, lxt tyf ;'ljwf ;DalGw ;fd"lxs dfubfaL Joj:yfkg ;dIf k]z ug]{ / ;f] ljifodf jftf{ u/L dfubfaL k]z u/]sf] ldltaf6 @! lbg leq dfubfaLsf] ;DaGwdf ;dfwfg vfHg] -bkmf &$_ .

tx @dfly pNn]lvt k|s[ofjf6 ;d:of xn geP ljjflbt kIfx?n] >d sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df !% lbg leq b'O{kIfLo jftf{ u/L dfubfaLsf] ;DaGwdf ;dfwfg vf]Hg] .

tx #dfly pNn]lvt k|s[ofjf6 klg ;d:of xn geP dWo:y dfkm{t ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{' kb{5 . dWo:ysf] lgldQ jftf{åf/f ;xdlt vf]Hg] -bkmf &$_ .

sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;fd'lxs xs, lxt / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ;fd"lxs dfubfaL ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug]{ k|s[of bkmf &$-!_, -@_, -#_, -$_, -%_, -^_ / -&_ df lj:t[t?kdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . x8tfn, tfnfaGbL, dWo:y jf lqkIfLo ;ldlt dfkm{t ;fd"lxs dfubfaL ;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{' cl3 Joj:yfkg / sfdbf/ sd{rf/L aLr jftf{sf] dfWodnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbPsf] 5 . jftf{sf txx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

k|lti7fg :t/df x'g] ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhLdf jftf{sf] e"ldsf —

of] k'l:tsf cfO= Pn= cf]sf] ;xof]u / gj]{lhog ;/sf/sf]] cfly{s ;xof]udf

/f]huf/bftf kl/ifb\, g]pafdxf;+3n] tof/ kf/]sf] xf] .

lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM

g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3/f]huf/bftf kl/ifb\

krnL ;xLb z's| g]pafdxf;+3 ldng dfu{ 6]s'sf7df8f}+, g]kfn kmf]gM $@^@)(!

Email: [email protected]

lrq l8hfOg tyf lk|G6lk|G6 sDo'lgs]zg k|f=ln=, $&*@&$^

?= !))÷—

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