310 ɍȾɄ 343.98:346.542 ɈȺ. ɉɟɬɪɭɯɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɸɪɢɞ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, (Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, Ɍɭɥɚ, ɌɭɥȽɍ) ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄȺ Ɍɂɉɂɑɇɕɏ ɋɅȿȾɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɂɌɍȺɐɂɃ, ɋɄɅȺȾɕȼȺɘɓɂɏɋə ɇȺ ɉȿɊȼɈɇȺɑȺɅɖɇɈɆ ɗɌȺɉȿ ɊȺɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə ɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɄɊȿȾɂɌȺ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɢɞɵ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚ, ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ. ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ (ɮɪɚɧɰ. situation, ɨɬ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ situs — ɩɨ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ) ɤɚɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜ- ɤɨɣ, ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ, ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ [1. ɋ. 217]. ȼ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ©ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ», ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚ- ɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ, ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ [2. ɋ. 97]. ȼ ɤɪɭɝ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚ- ɰɢɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ, ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɦɭɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɢɩɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɚɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɬɢɩɢɡɚ- ɰɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ. ɉɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɡɚ- ɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚ- ɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ- ɧɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɨɡɧɚ- ɧɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚ- ɰɢɹ — ɷɬɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɪɚɫɫɥɟ-
