《高中英语》

选修 (模块） 9-3.7

Leaning about Language

Discovering useful words and expressions

Complete the sentences with words below.1.

The majority of Australians are ______________ from

many different __________________. In fact, the only

_________ whose ancestors have lived here for more

than 200 hundred years are __________ people. Most

Australians believe that having people from so many

different ___________________ creates ________ and

_________ and makes Australia a stronger _________

and a more interesting place to live.

backgrounds nation citizens tolerance Aboriginal homelands migrants respect

citizens / migrants

Aboriginal

citizens

nations / backgrounds

respectnations / backgrounds/ homelands

tolerance nation

2. Read the paragraph below, paying particular attention to the underlined words, some of which may be new to you. Try to work out the definitions of these words and write them down in the second column. Then check your answer using an English-English dictionary and write the dictionary definitions in the third column.The first migrants arrived in Australia after a long voyage on small sailing ships. Life was very tough at first because they did not have adequate equipment or food. One of the first things they did was to dig the soil

and sow vegetable seeds. However, it wasn’t easy to grow enough food for everyone and in the first few years they faced starvation. Despite all the hardships of those early years, many of the migrants succeeded in building a good life for themselves. In the early days, There were not nearly as many women migrants as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors. Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life

and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms. Within a reasonably short time some had established large sheep farms and began to export meat and wool back to England. We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive. These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.

Word Dictionary definition

migrant a person who goes from one place to live in another ( also immigrants)

adequate enough

sow put seeds in the ground so they will grow

hardship difficult or unpleasant condition of life

bachelor an unmarried male

correspond communicate by writing

owe to need to pay or give sth. to sb. because they have given or lent sth to you

You will find it easier to learn English words in clusters. Read aloud the following words and write down as many words related to them as possible. Compare your lists with a partner.

3.

Example:

rain, rainbow, rainfall, rainy, raindrop,

raincoat, rainforest, rainwater

rain tax home rust time night autonomy defend tolerate celebrate nation city birth associate reserve way

tax: taxation, taxed, taxable, taxman, taxpayer

home: homework, homely, homeland, homeless, homemaker, homecoming, homesick

rust: rusty, rustproof

time: timely, timing, timekeeper, timer, timepiece, timesaving, timetable, timeless

night: nightly, nighttime, goodnight, nightclothes, nightclub, nightfall

autonomy: autonomous, autonomously

defend: defense, defender, defenseless, defendant, defensive, defensible

tolerate: tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerantly, tolerable, tolerably, tolerability

nation: national, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationalist, nationwide

city: citizen, citizenship, citywide, cityscape

birth: birthplace, birthdate, birthday, birthplace, birthmark, birthright

associate: association, associative, associated

reserve: reservation, reserved

way: pathway, roadway, waylay, wayside, wayworn

Leaning about Language

Discovering useful structures

Read through this paragraph and underline all

the predicative. 1. A kangaroo kept getting out of his enclosure

at the zoo. Knowing that he was a good

jumper, the zoo authorities increased the

height of the fence around him, but, the next

morning, the kangaroo was out of his

enclosure again. So the keepers’ solution

was to build an even higher barrier.

However, the next morning, the result

was disappointing--- the kangaroo was not in

his enclosure. The authorities, being

desperate, increased the height of the fence

again and again and it was soon over forty

meters high. A camel in the next enclosure

asked the kangaroo, “How high do you think

they’ll go?” The kangaroo said, “ That's

a good question. It seems to me, they’ll

just keep going higher until somebody

remembers to shut the gate at night!”

Underline the predicative in this conversation and then practice it with a partner.

2.

KIM: The meat seems to be shrinking!

SAM: Maybe there’s too much fat in it.

KIM: What can I do?

SAM: It’s probably the wrong kind of meat for a barbecue. The best thing is to cook it slowly.

KIM: You know, it smells strange too.

SAM: Is it rotten? Let’s smell. Hey! This isn’t steak!

KIM: So, what is it?

SAM: Where did you get it?

KIM: It was in the bottom of the fridge.

SAM: Oh, no! That’s the dog's meat!

SAM: Are you sure?

Exercise in the Workbook

Use clues to solve the crossword.1.

4 an unmarried male

5 (preposition) through

7 a country with its own government, tradition, etc

10 relationship of air, water, land, animals and plants

11 amount of rain that falls

12 official plan adopted by a government or other organization

bachelor

via

authority

ecology

rainfall

policy

1 money paid to the government

2 relating to central rather than local government

3 to put seeds into the ground

5 sour liquid made from wine

6 person or people in control of others

8 be in debt for something that has been given or lent

9 an important road

tax

federal

sow

vinegar

authority

owe

highway

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

2.

1.If you associate _________ criminals, you are

likely to get in trouble with the police too.

2._______ of respect for my family, I try to lead

an honest life.

3.I have been comprehending _______ my

penfreined for over five years now.

with

Out

with

4. We tried to talk Jim ______ changing his

mind, but with no success.

5. That all Australians are blond and blue-eyed

is far _______ the truth. Australians are many

different races and almost every eye, hair and

skin color is represented.

6. I am not responsible ______ keeping a

record of the meeting. Jim is.

into

from

for

Choose the correct words to complete

the sentences.

3.

defend/ defence/ defensive1 We must take __________ action immediately to protect ourselves from the enemy.

2 I am taking karate lessons to learn how to ________ myself.

3 The villagers’ only ________ against the enemies were sticks and stones.

defensive

defend

defence

4 They fought ___________ against the wind to bring the boat into shelter before the storm broke.

5 There is a ___________ need to get food and blankets to the earthquake victim.

6 In __________ they jumped out the window of their fifth floor apartment to escape the fire.

desperately/ desperation/ desperatedesperately

desperation

desperate

tolerate / tolerant / tolerable / tolerance7 Having friends at work is the only thing that makes my job __________.

8 I think his parents are far too _________ with him and that’s why he is so badly behaved.

9 I think you need to develop more ________ towards people who are different from you.

10 I can’t _______ his heat any more. I’m going inside where it’s cooler.

tolerable

tolerant

tolerance

tolerate

11 I’m sorry you can’t sit there. This table is

________.

12 I would like to make a __________ for four

people who are different from you.

13 I’m sorry I can’t go on Sunday. I always

_______ Sunday for visiting my grandparents.

reserve / reserved / reservation

reserved

reservation

reserve

14 If you change your mind about going on the tour, your deposit is not __________.

15 After they arrested him, the police went to the thief’s house to ________ the stolen jewellery.

16 After the accident his ________ was slow and he was in hospital for nearly six months.

recover / recovery / recoverable

recoverable

recover

recovery

Complete the paragraph with the words below.3.

My name is Steve Papas. Although my

_________ is Greece, I have lived in Australia

for a long time and I am now an Australian

________. Even though I haven’t visited my

original _________ for 20 years, I am still

proud of my Greek __________. I live in

heritage birthplace homeland celebration fortnight citizen

heritagehomeland

citizen

birthplace

Melbourne where a lot of other Greek

migrants live. As well as celebrating great

events in Australia we hold _________ for

Greek events too. When Greece won the

2004 European Soccer Championship, for

example, we celebrated in Melbourne for a

__________.

celebration

fortnight