醫學術語

潘德樑高雄榮總 97.06.08

內容大綱 學習目的 醫學術語的組合 常見縮寫 病歷範例 應用實例 簡易解剖圖解 結語

學習目的 醫學術語是醫護、醫療管理 相互間溝通專業語言 幫助學習者發展對醫療語言 的閱讀與了解能力 進一步應用於實務作業

醫學術語的組合 字根法 (Word Root) 字尾法 (Suffix) 字首法 (Prefix) 多重組合 (Multiple combination) 聯結母音 (a,e,i,o,u)

字根法 (Root)

Cardi/o = heart 心臟 Hepat/o = liver 肝臟 Pneum/o = lung 肺臟 Nephr/o = kidney 腎臟 Ren/o = kidney 腎臟 Arthr/o = joint 關節 Cerebr/o = cerebrum 腦

字根法 (Root)

Gastr/o = stomach 胃 Enter/o = intestine 腸 Derm/a = skin 皮膚 Psych/o = mental 精神 Hemat/o = blood 血液 Oste/o = bone 骨頭 Pancreat/o = pancreose 胰臟 Splen/o = spleen 脾臟

字尾法 (Suffix) Endoscopy = endo + scopy in + examination 內部 + 鏡檢 ( 法、術 )

Gastritis = gastr + itis stomach + inflammation 胃 + 發炎 Nephrotomy= nephro + tomy kidney + incision 腎 + 切開

字尾法 (Suffix)

Splenomegaly = spleen + megaly spleen + enlargement 脾臟 + 腫大 Arthrodesis = arthro + desis joint + fixation 關節 + 固定 Rhinoplasty = rhino + plasty nose + plastic 鼻 + 整形術

字尾法 (Suffix) Cystocele = cyst + cele

bladder + hernia, protrusion

膀胱 + 突出 Adenoma = aden + oma

gland + tumor

腺體 + 腫瘤 Leukemia = leuk + emia

white + blood

白血病

字尾法 (Suffix)

Dysentery = dys + entery

pain + intestine

疼痛 + 腸道 ( 痢疾 ) Tonsillectomy = tonsil + ectomy

tonsil + excision

扁桃腺 + 切除 Pyuria = py + uria

pus + urine

膿 + 小便

字首法 (Prefix)

Antipyretic = anti + pyretic gainst + fever 對抗 + 發燒 Antepartum = ante + partum before + labor 在…之前 + 生產 Polyarteritis = poly + arteritis many + arteritis 多處 + 動脈炎

字首法 (Prefix)

Hemiplegia = hemi + plegia half + paralysis 一半 + 麻痺 Hypertension = hyper + tension above + pressure 高 + 壓力 ( 血壓 ) Bradycardia = brady + cardia slow + heart 心跳過慢

字首法 (Prefix)

Tackycardia = tacky + cardia rapid + heart 快的 + 心臟 Polyneuralgia = poly + neuralgia multiple + never pain 多的 + 神經痛 Subcutaneous = sub + cutaneous under + skin 皮下

字首法 (Prefix)

Dysphasia = dys + phasia

impairment + speech

障礙 + 言語

Dysuria = dys + uria

painful + urine

疼痛 + 小便

多重組合(Multiple combination)

electro cardi o gram

字根 字根 字尾 電 心 圖salpingo-oophor ectomy

字根 字根 字尾輸卵管 卵巢 切除

多重組合(Multiple combination)

gastro entero stomy

字根 字根 字尾 胃 腸 造口Esophago gastro duodenoscopy

字根 字根 字根 字尾 食道 胃 十二指腸 鏡檢

聯結母音(Combining vowel)

Nephropathy

Cardiomegaly

Osteotomy

聯結母音(Combining vowel)

Gastrectomy

Cystitis 字尾的開頭即為母音Hepatoma 故不需另加其他母音

字尾及其組合元素實例

cele: hernia, tumor, protrusion

cystocele: hernia of the bladder

gastrocele: hernia of the stomach

Hydrocele: serous tumor of the testis

字尾及其組合元素實例

emia: blood

hyperglycemia: abnormally high

blood sugar

itis: inflammation

gastritis: inflammation of the stomach

nephritis: inflammation of the kidney

字尾及其組合元素實例

malacia: softening

osteomalacia: softening of the bone

splenomalacia: softening of the spleen

pathy: disease

neuropathy: any disease of nerve

myopahty: any disease of muscle

字字尾及其組合元素實例尾及其組合元素實例centesis: puncture

thoracentesis: puncture and aspiration of the pleural cavity

字尾及其組合元素實例ectomy: excision, remove

tonsillectomy: removal of tonsils

oophorectomy: removal of ovary

plasty:surgical correction, plasty repair of

hernioplasty: plasty repair of hernia

proctoplasty: surgical repair of rectum

字尾及其組合元素實例

scopy: inspection, examination

bronchoscopy: examination of the bronchi with an endoscope

cystoscopy: examination of the bladder with an endoscope

字尾及其組合元素實例stomy: creation of an opening colostomy: creation of an opening into the colon through the abdominal wallgastroduodenostomy: creation of an open

ing between stomach and duodenum

字尾及其組合元素實例

osis:increase, condition

arteriosclerosis: hardening of

the arteries

lymphocytosis: increase in number

of lymph cells

字尾及其組合元素實例

penia: deficiency, decrease

leukopenia: decrease of leukocytes

in the blood

angio: blood vessel

angiotomy: dissection of blood vessel

字根及其組合元素實例

crani: skull

craniotomy: surgical opening

of skull

cyt:cell

erythrocyte: red blood cell

字根及其組合元素實例

derm:skin

dermatitis:inflammation of skin

enter: intestine

enteritis: inflammation of the intestine

字根及其組合元素實例

hematemesis: vomiting of blood

hematoma: a blood tumor

hyster: uterus

hysterectomy: excision of the uturus

字首及其組合元素實例ante: before

antenatal: before birth

epi: upon

epidermis: outer layer of the skin

hemi: half

hemiplegia: paralysis of one-half

the body

字首及其組合元素實例hyper: above, beyond, excessivehypertension: high blood pressureendo: withinendocarditis: inflammation of the endo

cardium peri: aroundpericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Adenocarcinoma Adenoca 腺癌

Atrial fibrillation Af 心房纖維顫動

Alpha-fetoprotein AFP α- 胎兒蛋白

Acute glomerulonephritis AGN 急性腎絲球腎炎

Acquired immune AIDS 後天免疫缺乏症候群deficiency syndrome

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名Appendicitis APP 闌尾炎

Abdomino-perineal resection APR 腹會陰切除

Adult respiratory distress ARDS 成人呼吸窘症候群 syndrome

Acute renal failure ARF 急性腎衰竭

Atrial septal defect ASD 心房中膈缺損

Atherosclerotic heart disease ASHD 粥樣硬化性心臟病

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Abdominal total hysterectomy ATH 腹式全子宮切除

Aortic valve replacement AVR 主動脈瓣置換術

Arterio-venous shunt A-V shunt 動靜脈分流術

Acute pyelonephritis APN 急性腎盂腎炎

Background diabetic BDR 背景性糖尿病視網膜病變retinopahty

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Twice a day (bis in die) b.i.d. 一天二次

Bilateral BIL 雙側

Basal metabolic rate BMR 基礎代謝率

Blood pressure BP 血壓

Benign prostatic BPH 良性前列腺肥大hyperplasia

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Bilateral pelvic lymph BPLND 雙側骨盆腔淋巴結摘除

nodes dissectiotn

Benign paroxysssmal BPPV 良性陣發生位置性眩暈 position vertigo

Bilateral saplingo- BSO 雙側卵巢輸卵管切除 oophorectomy

Bibiary tract infection BTI 膽道感染

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Blood urea nitrogen BUN 血中尿素氮Biopsy bx 切片Carcinoma CA 癌症Continuous ambulatory CAPD 連續性攜帶式腹膜透析

peritoneal dialysis

Computed(axial) tomography CAT scan 電腦斷層攝影

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Common bile duct CBD 總膽管Congenital heart disease CHD 先天性心臟病Congestive heart failure CHF 充血性心臟衰竭Carcinoma in situ CIS 原位癌 Chronic obstructive pulmonary COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾 disease

Chronic paranasal sinusitis CPS 慢性副鼻竇炎

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Cesarean section C/S 剖腹產Chest x-ray 　 CXR 胸部 X 光Cerebrovascular accident CVA 腦血管意外Diabetes mellitus DM 糖尿病Ear, nose, and throat ENT 耳鼻喉End stage renal disease ESRD 末期腎疾病

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC 肝細胞癌Intensive care unit ICU 加護中心Insulin dependent diabetes IDDM 胰島素依賴型糖尿病 mellitus

Magnetic resonance imaging MRI 核磁共振攝影 Nothing by mouth NPO 禁食 (nulla per os)

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Red blood cell (corpuscle) RBC 紅血球 red blood count

Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE 系統性紅斑性狼瘡Shortness of breath SOB 呼吸短促Tuberculosis TB 結核病Total hip replacement THR 全髖關節置換術

常 見 縮 寫

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名

Total knee replacement TKR 全膝關節置換術Upper respiratory tract URI 上呼吸道感染 infection

Urinary tract infection UTI 沁尿道感染Ventricular septal defect VSD 心室中膈缺損White blood cell; WBC 白血球 white blood count

常 見 縮 寫

病歷範例

This 46-years-old woman was a victim

of invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast

with bone metastasis, she had received

surgery and radiotherapy due to axillary

lymph node and bone (L-spine) metastasis.

This time she was admitted for set up port –

A placement and chemotherapy

This patient was admitted because of sudd

en onset of vomiting of bright red blood d

ue to acute gastric ulcer. His hemoglobin

was 7.8gm/dl, which revealed anemia due

to blood loss. Areterigraphy was performe

d to determine the site of the bleeding, and

hemostasis was achieved by transcatheter

embolization

病歷範例

The patient complained of chest pain and dy

spnea off and on for 3 months.The diagnosis

were congestive heart failure and unstable a

ngina,the angina was treated with nitrate, an

d IV Lasix was administered to manage the

heart failure.Both conditions improved, and

the patient was discharged to be followed on

an out-patient basis.

病歷範例

This patient had received a below –knee

amputation six years ago for gangrene of

his leg due to both diabetes and

arteriosclerosis. The patient had received

an above-knee amputation of the stump

because of further gangrene change at this

admission.

病歷範例

應用實例

（以 Chronic renal failure 為例）

Essential of Diagnosis

1.

1.Progressive azotemia over weeks or months2.Isosthenuria is common3.Hypertention in the majority4.Bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound are dianostic5.Radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy confirms the diagnosis

General Considerations

The symptoms of chronic renal failure(CRF)

depend on the severity and rapidity of the

underlying renal disorder. When CRF develop

slowly,most individuals remain asymptomatic

until the renal failure is far-advanced (GFR ＜ 10-15mL/min) .

Complication of chronic renal failure＆ their managemen

t

A. HyperkalemiaB. Acid-base disorderC. Cardiovascular complication 1 .Hypertention 2.Pericarditis 3 .Congestive heart failureD.Hematologic complication 1. Anemia 2.Coagulopathy

E. Neurologic complication

F. Disorder of mineral metabolism: Renal osteodystrophy

G. Metabolic and endocrine disturbances

H. Gastrointestinal tract complication

Treatment of Chronic renal failureA. Diatery management 1. Protein restriction 2. Salt and water restriction 3. Potassium restriction 4. Phosphorus restriction 5. Magnesium restrictionB. Dialysis 1.Hemodialysis 2.Peritoneal dialysisC. Kidney transplantation

一個病人實例

主訴 :Dry cough off and on for about 1.5month

病史： This 51years old woman is an administra

ctive officer at our hospital. She is a non-smoker,

she underwent a regular health examination in A

ug last year

一個病人實例

.Chest x-ray revealed a small opacity at

RLL,hence she went to our CM OPD for

help,but without significant diagnosis. In recent

1.5 months, she suffered from dry cough

intermittently,it was more severe in the night

time,so,she is admitted for further survey

病理報告： Lung,right middle lobe ,frozen

section and biopsy---Adennocarcinoma ,po

orly differentiated

一個病人實例

住院診斷： Adenocarcinoma of lung ,RML

and RLL,with pleural metastasis and

lymph node invasion ,T4N1M0

一個病人實例

手術：Wedge resection of RML

一個病人實例

住院治療經過： After admission ,chest CT

revealed ill-definded nodules at RML and

RLL.Pre-OP survey was performed and

showed no distance metastasis.

一個病人實例

After discussion and explanation of limits,

risk,and benefits of surgery and biopsy,family an

d patient decided to receive surgery resection,

then exploratory thoracotomy with lung wedge r

esection was performed and pleural metastasis w

as noted ,

一個病人實例

Port-A was also insertion .After rest and pain

control ,patient was discharged and keep OPD

follow up for further lung CA treatment.

一個病人實例

有系統、有方法、有紀律

的學習是成功的保證

結 語

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