a cell is the smallest unit of all living beings. ◦ they are the structrural and functional units...
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A cell is the smallest unit of all living beings. ◦ They are the structrural and functional units for
all thing things How many cells are there in the human
body? 1,800,000 to 2,400,000 dead skin cells fall
off every hour, so billions fall off everyday.
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Plasmatic membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
You-care-ee-ot-ick = EukaryoticYou-care-ee-oat = Eukaryote
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Genetic material is a long molecule of DNA, called Nucleoid and sometimes small fragments of DNA called plasmids
Do not have any organelles, except ribosomes (carry out protein synthesis)
◦ Flagella( movement) and◦ Fimbriae(enable bacteria to
attach themselves to surfaces)
Example: Bacteria
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Many chemical reactions take place in the plasmatic membrane, which has folds called mesosomes
◦ They have a rigid cover, called the cell wall
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Types of cells
The eukaryotic animal cell
Click on the green labels to find out more
• Eukaryotic animal cells are more complex and generally larger that prokaryotic cells
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Storage vesicles
Centriole
Lysosomes
Cytoskeleton
UNIT
1
Secondary Education
Main menu
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Like a company What kinds of jobs are there in a company? These are the types of jobs that the
organelles do within the cell. Let’s look a few:
◦ Cell membrane, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi body, Vesicles, and Mitochondria
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What does it do?◦ Controls what enters
and exits the cell Where is it on the
diagram?◦ The blue exterior of
the cell
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◦ More functions of cell membrane:
◦ Detects stimuli◦ and allows
communication between cells
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Cytoplasm fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus
It contains: Organelles Cytosqueleton which is a
network of filaments that gives shape to the cell and enables it to move
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What does it do?◦ It controls what the cell
does. (Genetic material)
It’s a large organelle inside it (nucleolus)
It has it’s own membrane: nuclear envelope with nuclear pores.
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Nucleolus is a round, dense structure where ribosomes are formed.
Chromatin: It is a combination of DNA and proteins which makes up the genetic material.
In cell division,
chromatin
condenses (makes
Shorter) into
chromosomes
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The nucleus is surrounded by a porous
double membrane and contains a substance similar to cytoplasm (nucleoplasm)
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes are organelles that carry out digestion in the cell.
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UNIT
1
Secondary Education
Types of cells
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Centrioles
• Centrioles control the movement of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
• They are also used in the formation of cilia and flagella, filaments that are responsible for the cell’s movement.
Centriole
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UNIT
1
Secondary Education
Types of cells
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Rough E.R. What does it do?
Modifies proteinsReceives proteins from “free” ribosomes and transport them to the Golgi body
Smooth E.R.Lipids (fats) are synthesized here
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What do they do?◦ Store substances to
be used later or to be thrown away
Vak-you-ols = Vacuoles
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Lysosomes: Rounded vesicles produced by the G………..
Inside the lysosomes are hydrolitic enzymes.
Fuction: cellular digestion
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What does it do?◦ Receives
substances, modifies them, and then sends them out
Why do you think there are so many vesicles surrounding this organelle?
Gol-gee Body= Golgi Body
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Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
• The Golgi apparatus processes and packages substances. The vesicles transport the substances to other part of the cell or outside.
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UNIT
1
Secondary Education
Types of cells
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What does it do?Through cellular respiration, mitochondria produce most of the energy of a cell
Do you think cells have just one mitochondrion?
Why or why not?
Might-oh-kon-dree-on = MitochondrionMight-oh-kon-dree-ah = Mitochondria
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Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
• The E.R. transports proteins made by the ribosomess and sends them to the Golgi apparatus.
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UNIT
1
Secondary Education
Types of cells
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Cytoplasm fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus
It contains: Hyaloplasm ( fluid) Organelles Cytoskeleton: Network of
filaments that gives shape to the cell and enables it to move
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Ribosomes
Ribosome
• Ribosomes synthesise proteins.
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UNIT
1
Secondary Education
Types of cells
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DEFINE CELL
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Which organelle processes and packages substances received from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport them out of the cell?
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Activities:
Question 2 from page 12: Make a table showing the differences between animal cell and plant cell
Question 3 and 4 from page 14