“a people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives. a...
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“A People who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives. A popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy or perhaps both”
James Madison
“Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the later.”
Thomas Jefferson
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Newspapers, television, radio, internet, blogs
Most people’s knowledge of politics come from the media
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Entertainment Reporting the news Indentifying public problems
Socializing new generations Providing a political forum Making profits
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The Party Press Papers very partisan, never gave both sides of an issue Days of Party Press = few people read newspapers
The Popular Press Changes in society and technology made possible self-
supporting, mass readership daily newspapers Rise of mass circulation = rise of mass politics
Magazines of Opinion Progressive periodicals that discussed issues of public
policy; focused on investigative reporting Development of magazines of opinion = development
of interest groups
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Electronic Journalism Radio and TV changed journalism foreverTV dominance = politicians talking to voters
The Internet Allows citizens to have a larger role in
politics Internet = politicians and voters talking to
each other
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Consists of:◦ Wire services ◦ National magazines◦ Television network evening news broadcasts: ABC, CBS, NBC◦ Cable News: CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, etc.◦ Newspapers with national readerships
Why significant?? Large readership, political elites follow closely!
Roles played◦ Gatekeeper—influences what subjects become national
political issues, and for how long. ◦ Scorekeeper—tracks political reputations & candidacies ◦ Watchdog—investigate personalities & expose scandals
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Little competition in newspapers, but radio and TV are intensely competitive and just keep getting more so
Hmm….who to watch???
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Newspapers almost entirely free from government regulation, but radio and television are highly licensed and regulated ◦ FCC license required to operate a radio or TV station◦ Some movement lately to deregulate
Confidentiality of Sources ◦ Reporters want it, government doesn’t ◦ Supreme Court allows the government to compel
reporters to divulge information in court if it bears on a crime
Remember the NYT case from Unit 2. Only libel if printed maliciously!