- aa - medicinal plants

8/11/2019 - AA - Medicinal Plants

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poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn

burdock Arctium minus

The leaves of burdock are egg-shaped and entire(somewhat toothed); the lower leaves are usuallyheart-shaped. The purple flowers are in bristly

heads. Common burdock (Arctiumlappa) is twoto four feet tall, has stalkless or short-stalkedflowerheads and hollow leaf stalks. reat burdock(Arctiumlappa) is larger (up to eight feet tall),with solid, deeply grooved leaf stalks thatresemble celery. !urdock appears from summer tofall ("ewcomb #$%%).

burdock Arctium lappa

!utterfly weed (pleurisy) root has a hairy stem,umbels of showy, orange flowers, and alternate,lance-shaped or narrow leaves, about two to fiveinches long. &t stands one to two feet high duringthe summer ("ewcomb #$$%).

butterfly weed butterfly weed;pleurisy

Asclepias tuberosa

Calendula officinalis, also known as pot marigold.Calendula is an annual, native to southern 'urope,and grows well in direct sun (rieve #$$).

pot marigold Calendula officinalis

The Canada thistle has creeping undergroundstems with small, numerous purple or occasionallywhite flower heads ("ewcomb #$%%).

Canada thistle Cirsium arvense

"epetas make up a large group of hardy,herbaceous plants native to parts of 'astern'urope, sia, and the *imalayas that have since

become naturali+ed in .. and Canada as well.Nepeta catariais generally regarded by herbalistsas the true medicinal Catmint, having a history ofbeing cultivated since ancient times for thatpurpose.

catnip catmint Nepeta cataria

Chaste-tree is a shrub with palmate leaves madeup of five to seven linear, lance-shaped, toothed,leaflets that are dark green above, grayunderneath, and covered with a close felt. Thefragrant purple flowers are on slender racemesthree to si inches long (rieve #$$). The

chaste tree chaste-tree Vitex agnus-castus
http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/burdock.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/burdock.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/butterfly_weed.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/canada_thistle.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/chaste_tree.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/catnip.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/canada_thistle.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/Calendula.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/butterfly_weed.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/burdock.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/burdock.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/butterfly_weed.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/canada_thistle.htm


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aromatic berries resemble black pepper.

Chicory is one to four feet high, with toothed,lobed or entire leaves that somewhat clasp thestem. The rays of chicory are blue (occasionallywhite) and toothed at the tip. The flower headsare about one to one and a half inches wide andstalkless along the branches ("ewcomb #$%%).

chicory Cichorium intybus

"ative to China, this edible herb tastes like a crossbetween onion and garlic. /lease don0t confusethis herb with the inedible and possibly toic rainlilies (Zephyranthes atamasco) - in our plot chivessmell like onions and rain lilies will not.

chives Chinese chives Allium tuberosum

Comfrey is a perennial herb of the !oraginaceaefamily. "ative to the continent of 'urope,numerous species are now cultivated throughoutthe world (tickel and eit+ 1222). Typically,comfrey species are found growing in disturbedsites, especially moist areas (Culpeper ##3).

comfrey !oraginaceaefamily

Symphytum officinale

The curled dock has lance-shaped, pointed, lowerleaves that are with strongly curled borders. The

three flat wings of the fruit are heart-shaped andare entire, and may be faintly toothed. Thedistinctly stalked flowers grow in whorls formingseveral branched racemes ("ewcomb #$$%).

curled dock yellow dock Rumex crispus

4andelions, like the other nine species making upthe araxacumgenus, is hardy perennial thatcontains a milky 5uice and are identifiable by itsbasal rosettes with often downy leaves (6etrange #$%%). 4andelion is a stemless plant witha simple tap-root and deeply serrated leaves,blooming single bright yellow flowers terminallythat appear at almost any time of the year butmainly during pril to "ovember.

dandelion araxacum officinale

The leaves of 'nglish plantain are lance-shaped,and ribbed. The inconspicuous flowers are in adense spike and can be seen from spring to fall("ewcomb #$%%).

'nglish plantain ribwort plantain !lantago lanceolata

"ative to 'urope and "orth merica, this hardybiennial herb is now cultivated in other temperateregions. 'vening primrose grows well in all +onesand produces yellow flowers that open at twilight("ewcomb #$%%). 'ach bloom lasts only one

evening primrose "enothera officinalis
http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/chicory.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/curled_dock.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/english_plantain.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/evening_primrose.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/english_plantain.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/dandelion.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/curled_dock.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/chives.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/chicory.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/chicory.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/curled_dock.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/english_plantain.htm


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night.

7everfew is one to three feet high and has whiteflowers with ten to twenty oblong rays. Thenumerous flowerheads are one to two inches wide,and occur in clusters. The leaves are divided intoegg-shaped segments. ("ewcomb #$%%).

feverfew anacetumparthenium(previously Chrysanthemum parthenium)

7oglove (#igitalis lanataand#$ purpurea) isthree to si feet high, with ovate to lance-shaped,soft-hairy, toothed, leaves up to one foot long in abasal rosette. The purple to white, spotted,thimble-shaped flowers are #.18 inches long, inspikes. &t can be identified in the summer (7oster#$$2). #igitalis lanatahas long, narrow leavesand smaller, yellow-brown flowers. 7ogloves arecommonly cultivated as ornamentals in "orthmerica.

foglove #igitalis lanataand#$ purpurea

erman chamomile originated in 'urope, &ran,and fghanistan, but this fragrant annual is nowcultivated all around the world (rieve #$$,7oster #$$2).

ermanchamomile

%atricaria recutita

inkgo biloba, also called maidenhair tree, is atall, deciduous tree with fan-shaped leaves that arelong-stemmed and two-lobed (hence the speciesname biloba). The leaves turn golden in autumn.The yellow fruits contain a hard seed (9eiss#$$).

ginkgo maidenhair tree &in'go biloba

round &vy is a perennial plant originating in'urope and "orthern sia. &t is naturali+ed in"orth merica. &t has low-lying decumbent stemswith hairy, reniform leaves that are approimately3 cm.

ground ivy &lechoma hederacea

*oney herb ((ippia dulcis) is found in Central andouth merica, as well as Caribbean locations(ornemann 122). The plant has a distinctivesweet lemony taste and smell (4avis #$).

honey herb (ippia dulcis

*orny goat weed ()pimedium grandiflorum) is ahardy perennial with uni:ue above groundcharacteristics every)pimediumplant has 5ustthree stems with only three leaves per stem (9u122


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*orse nettle, a prickly plant, has violet, star-shaped flowers in small clusters. The stamensform a yellow cone in the middle of the flower.&ts leaves are coarsely toothed or lobed. *orsenettle stands one to four feet high and is seen inthe summer and fall ("ewcomb #$%%).

horse nettle Solanum carolinense

=apanese knotweed is a large, bushy plant, aboutfour to ten feet high, with leaves that are broad,

with shortpoints at the tip. The greenish-whiteflowers grow in branching spikes. 7lowers usuallygrow from leaf ails, and can be seen fromsummer to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).

=apaneseknotweed

!olygonum cuspidatum

=imsonweed is one to five feet high, and has egg-shaped, pointed, coarsely toothed leaves that aretwo to eight inches long. &ts white, violet orlavender funnel-shaped flowers are about two anda half to four inches long. &ts fruit is a spiny pod,about two inches long, which is why it iscommonly called thornapple. &t can be seen fromsummer to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).

thorn apple(thornapple)

5imsonweed #atura stramonium

Chenopodium album, or lamb0s :uarters, is anerect, branched, annual plant with whitishunderbody leaves that are thin and coarselytoothed. The unstalked, tiny, inconspicuousflowers are light brown or faint green as theyblossom in groups on spikes covered with mealbetween =une and >ctober ('richsen-!rown#$%$).

lamb0s :uarters Chenopodium album

6avenders grow up to one to three feet high, withopposite, entire, and linear leaves. The stem iscovered with yellowish-grey, flaky bark. Theshort-stalked lavender flowers are in whorls of sito ten flowers on terminating, blunt spikes (rieve

#$$).

lavenders (avandula spp$
http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/horse_nettle.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/japanese_knotweed.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/jimsonweed.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/lavender.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/lavender.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/lambs_qtrs.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/jimsonweed.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/japanese_knotweed.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/horse_nettle.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/horse_nettle.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/japanese_knotweed.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/jimsonweed.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/lavender.htm


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%onarda citriodora(lemon mint) is an aromaticwinter annual that grows to a height of #-1 ft. &thas unusual, tuft-like, lavender to pink, whorledflower heads that bloom during ?ay through =uly(9ildflower 122$).

lemon mint %onarda citriodora

This bushy perennial herb is native to the eastern?editerranean region, western sia, andmountainous parts of southern 'urope, but hasbeen naturali+ed and now grows abundantlyworldwide (rieve #$


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?ugwort is a hardy perennial with a tough reddishstem and large segmental leaves that appear whiteand furry underneath, but dark green above('richsen-!rown #$%$). They have grayishflowers that bloom as stalks from the stem from=uly to eptember. ?ugwort is an aggressive andinvasive plant, often inhibiting the growth ofnearby plants by means of roots secretions.

mugwort Artemisia vulgaris

?ullein is a strong-growing hardy biennial herbthat presents with alternating leaves and longterminal spikes of mostly yellow flowers. Thisspecies is also know as reat ?ullein or aron0srod and grows tall, up to a height of % incheswith grayish, downy or woolly basal leaves.!etween =uly and eptember, the plants bloomwith club-shaped spikes of yellow flowers (6etrange #$%%).

mullein Verbascum thapsus

>regano is native to the ?editerranean region andcentral sia (Dowalchik #$$). The subspecies >.vulgare hirtum can be used in cooking.

(Dowalchik #$$; Calpou+os #$83).

oregano "riganum vulgare

/assionflower flourishes in warm locations and isnative to a large portion of the southern nitedtates as well as ?eico and 6atin merica(!lumental 1222).

passionflower !assiflora incarnata

spearmint %enthaspicata

watermint %enthaa+uatica

/eppermint is a hybrid between spearmint(%enthaspicata) and watermint (%enthaa+uatica). red tinge in the leaf vein also helpscharacteri+e the species. The flower is pale-purple

in color (7oster et al, #$$$).

peppermint %entha piperita

/lains coreopsis - hardy upright annual thatprefers full sun and can tolerate a range of soildrainage, /lains coreopsis is characteri+ed bydelicate lance-like, opposite leaves, that bloommahogany-red flowers with yellowish, globularheads (T? 122$).

plains coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria
http://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/plains_coreopsis.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/Peppermint.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/Oregano.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/mullein.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/mugwort.htm


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/okeweed is a stout, branching plant standingfrom four to ten feet high from summer to fall,with racemes of white or pinkish flowers a :uarterinch wide. The berries are dark purple ("ewcomb#$%%).

pokeweed !hytolacca americana

The purple coneflower rays are reddish purple,and droop. The flowerhead is about two and ahalf to four inches wide with a bristly center. The

lower leaves are egg-shaped and have long stalks.The entire flower stands two to five feet high andcan be seen from summer to fall ("ewcomb#$%%).

purpleconeflower

)chinacea

purpurea,other)chinacea species

/urslane is a fast growing annual herb that spreadslow to the ground. &t has smooth, fleshy stems thatare green with a reddish purple hue and leaves thatare alternate and opposite in arrangement. Theleaves are approimately #-1EF long and halfthat in width, broadest at the rounded tip. 7lowersare a pale yellow that bloom at the tips of thebranches and are :uite small ('lias #$1).

purslane !ortulaca oleracea

Ged clover is a perennial, @-13 inches high, with adense, stalkless head of magenta or purpleflowers. The oval leaflets are usually marked witha white EFHI.EF Ged clovers can be seen fromspring to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).

red clover rifolium pratense

Goman chamomile- also known as 'nglish orsweet chamomile, this creeping perennial is nativeto southern and western 'urope, but is now grownwidely in merican herb gardens (7oster #$$2).

Gomanchamomile

'nglishchamomile, sweetchamomile

Chamaemelum nobile

rosemary-"ative to pain, /ortugal, and the9estern ?editerranean region, this aromaticevergreen shrub can grow three feet high and

presents pale blue or violet flowers (7ugh-!erman122


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hardy, heat and drought-tolerant annual, scarletfla grows to a height of #1-13 with glossy, deepscarlet flowers that bloom in profusion betweenpril and eptember.

scarlet fla (inum rubrum

ea buckthorn (*ippophae rhamnoides) is aperennial, deciduous, multi-branched shrub that isa member of the 'laeagnaceae (>leaster) family

(7rit+-9eiss #$). ea buckthorn possessessilvery white leaves and colorful orange berriesthat persist through much of the winter (mall#$2).

sea buckthorn 'laeagnaceae(>leaster) family

*ippophae rhamnoides

Sedum species - Common in arid or semiarid(temperate) regions, usually in stony soil or onrock outcrops. ome species are found at veryhigh elevations or latitudes and in tropicalmountains (9alters 122@).

sedum Sedum species

"ative to high altitude regions of /araguay and!ra+il, tevia grows well in warm climates and iscultivated in !ra+il, &srael, =apan, Dorea, and

China (7ugh-!erman 122rgani+ation #$$$; rieve #$$). The leafstructures vary, normally ranging from alanceolate to ovate shape with a green uppersurface and a slightly grey lower surface (9ichtl,et al #$$3).

thyme hymus vulgaris

9hite clover, a common weed of grassy places,with a dense head of white or pale-pink flowers.

The finely toothed basal leaves are divided intothree leaflets, each of which bears a triangularmark. The stem creeps close to the ground. &t isnoticeable from spring to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).

white clover rifolium repens

9intergreen is an aromatic, creeping shrub thatcan be found in dry or moist wooded (usuallyconiferous) areas. 9intergreen contains aglycoside which is hydroly+ed by another planten+yme to methyl salicylate (poerke #$$2).?ethyl salicylate provides pain-relievingproperties similar to aspirin.

wintergreen &aultheria procumbens
http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/white_clover.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/white_clover.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/Thyme.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/stevia.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/Sedum.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/SeaBuckthorn.htmhttp://pharmacology.georgetown.edu/urbanherbs/scarlet_flax.htmhttp://www.georgetown.edu/departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/white_clover.htm


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9oad is native to the *ebei, haani, =iangu andnhui provinces in China (!ensky, et al #$$

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