COLONIALISM IN AFRICA

-Africa has been the target of colonial expansion from its earliest days.

-Numerous countries from numerous parts of the world have tried to divide up parts of Africa throughout history.

HISTORY

Early 1800’s- Napoleon begins his conquest of Egypt and Sudan

1830- The Boers (of Dutch descent) begin to move north into the inner reaches of southern Africa

1871- The “Scramble for Africa” begins

1884- The Berlin Conference

1914- World War I begins

1939- World War II begins

647- Islamic Umayyid Empire conquers Egypt and Sudan. This event triggers the spread of Islam in Africa

1479- Spain begins a slave trade in Africa

1550- Portugal establishes trade routes in Western Africa

1562- Britain begins exporting slaves from Africa

1570- Portugal establishes the colony of Angola in Africa

1625- Holland enters the slave trade

1642- France enters the slave trade

1652- Holland establishes a colony in South Africa

1759- British seize control of Dutch colony in South Africa

HISTORY

-As the “Scramble for Africa” increased many of the European powers began to intrude into other European territories in Africa.

-In 1884, a conference of European countries met in Berlin, Germany to try and reach an agreement on the partitioning of Africa

-Representatives from Portugal, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) met

THE BERLIN CONFERENCE

BEFORE EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

AFTER EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

-A common language that is agreed to be used by people who speak different languages

-A universal language

-In former European colonies some common lingua franca languages include English, French, and Portuguese

-The most common lingua franca in Africa today is Swahili

LINGUA FRANCA

-European colonial expansion reaches its peak

-Big powers in Africa include Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain

-Due to all the battlefield losses that the major powers sustain during the war Africans begin to not see the European colonizers as invincible

-Independence movements begin

WORLD WAR I 1914-1918

-Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy try to retake and expand colonial lands in Africa

-One of the major fronts during World War II is fought in northern Africa

-As the major world powers are occupied with the war more and more African countries decide to declare independence from their colonizers

ALLIES AXIS

WORLD WAR II 1939-1945

-After World War II most countries in Africa establish their own independence and their own governments

-African colonies granted complete autonomy after World War II by the Atlantic Charter (signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill)

-One by one the European powers begin to pull out their envoys and the African countries gain their complete independence

END OF COLONIZATION

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