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8/10/2019 - AquaticExercise

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AQUATIC PHYSICAL THERAPY

The Therapeutic Effects of Water

Paula Godes, PT, DPT


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Overview History of Aquatic Exercise

What is Aquatic Physical Therapy? Goals of Aquatic Physical Therapy Who Participates Hydrodynamics: Application of Newtons Laws

Law of Inertia

Law of Acceleration Law of Action/Reaction Waters Viscosity and Frontal Resistance Center of Gravity Center of Buoyancy Hydrostatic Pressure Surface Tension Drag and Turbulence

What is Your Goal? - Return to Running Our Program: Present and Future


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What is Aquatic Physical Therapy?

Aquatic Physical Therapy is the evidence-based and skilled practiceof physical therapy in an aquatic environment by a physicaltherapist or by a physical therapist assistant who is under thedirection and supervision of a physical therapist. Aquatic PhysicalTherapy includes but is not limited to treatment, rehabilitation,prevention, health, wellness and fitness of patient/client populationsin an aquatic environment with or without the use of assistive,adaptive, orthotic, protective, or supportive devices and equipment.

The buoyancy, support, accommodating resistance and otherunique properties of the aquatic environment enhance interventions

for patients/clients across the age span with musculoskeletal,neuromuscular, cardiovascular/pulmonary, and integumentarydiseases, disorders, or conditions.


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Who Participates

The Elderly: those with painful, arthritic joints Obese or sedentary individuals Decreased function/weaknesspoor tolerance and

endurance for land exercises

Chronic illnesses/pain syndromesfibromyalgia, back pain Those recovering from illness or surgery Well-conditioned individuals or athletes: Advance training

using increased resistance of water/equipment


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Goals of Aquatic Physical Therapy

Aquatic Physical Therapy interventions aredesigned to improve or maintain:

function aerobic capacity/endurance conditioning balance, coordination and agility body mechanics and postural stabilization

flexibility gait and locomotion muscle strength, power, and endurance


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Law of

Acceleration

The reaction of a body as measured by itsacceleration is proportional to the force applied,and inversely proportional to its mass. In other words, if you use more muscular effort, you

accelerate (increase) the force.

Note: Going faster will increase intensity, but isnormally not recommended in a therapeuticenvironmentlose ROM- use force instead of speedto increase intensity

The greater the body mass, the more force it takes tomove that mass


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Law of

Action/Reaction

For every action, there is an

equal and opposite reactionViscosity of the water with arms and legs canbe used to assist or impede movement

Actions of the arms and legs working with each

other (assisting) or in opposition (impeding) Example: jogging forward with front crawl arms

(assisting), less intense than jogging forwardpushing arms forward (impeding)


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Waters Viscosity

Friction between molecules ofa liquid cause them to adhere to each

other (cohesion) or to a submerged body(adhesion)

Resistance surrounds the body and affects

every movement in every direction Larger surface area = MORE resistance

Smaller surface area = LESS resistance
http://www.aquaticnet.com/ht-gloves.htm


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IncreasingIntensity

Its NOT about speed!

Use inertia, acceleration, action/reaction, frontalsurface area, hand positions, levers, to increaseintensitymuch more effective

Use training techniques that maintain ROMagainst the waters resistance

Most movements done in the water involve onlyconcentric muscular contractions - musclesoreness is minimal


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Center of Gravity

Center of a bodys mass Position of body parts determine position

of center of gravity

Widen base of supportstabilizes thecenter of gravity

Mentorso near the chest

Womentorso nearer to pelvic girdle


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Buoyancy

Force of buoyancy verticallyupward-movement toward thesurface of the pool - buoyancy assisted

Movement of a buoyant object toward thepool bottombuoyancy resisted

Floating movement on the surface of thewaterbuoyancy supported Biceps curls with foam dumbbells:

concentric triceps (buoyancy resisted)eccentric triceps (buoyancy assisted)


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Drag &

Turbulence

Drag is the force that you feel thatopposes your movements in the water

Drag affected by frontal surface area,velocity and shape of object

Submerged movementresisted in allplanes of movement and in all directionsof movement by the waters viscosity and

drag properties


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Why Deep Water Running? The most biomechanically specific form of cross training for the runner

Alternative training during an injuryexcellent for stress fractures orfoot, ankle, or knee injuries for whom running on land iscontraindicatedno impact

Provides a strengthening component land running doesnt 800 times denser than air and provides up to 12 times the resistance Regular runners burn about eight calories a minute, aqua-runners burn

11.5 in the same time (with the same intensity)

Scientific evidence has demonstrated that deep water running resultsin a sufficient training response in order to affect fitness improvement.This has been further documented by studies that have shownmaintenance of exercise and performance in even competitive distancerunners while training strictly with deep water running for periods upto six weeks long. (Dr. Robert Wilder, Director of Sports Rehab- UVA)

For Soldiers, a quicker return to running(TBD)


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Aquatic Running Form

Running in deep water is performed with the body in a 5 degreeforward tilt. This bend should occur at the hips, nor from the spine.The biomechanical movement patter of water running resembles thatused on land.

The head is held comfortably out of the water, facing forward; avoidthe forward head/shoulder posturing.

Maintain a neutral spine. Always use a buoyancy belt to maintain form.

The arm action is the same as for land running, with the primarymovement occurring at the shoulder and with the hands relaxed -

slight scapula depression and retraction

Hip flexion should reach approximately 60-80 degrees at the sametime the knees flex or extend.

Ankle movements should include both dorsi and plantar flexion.


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Deep WaterAlignment Mistakes

Leaning forward Snapping the knee when kicking

Exaggerated lumbar hyperextension Cervical hyperextension (looking up) Hyperextending elbows and knees Movements without precision

Overflexing the knee joint Neglecting hand positioning Emphasize ADIM for pelvic alignment


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Instruction Pearls

Find out who doesnt swim Ensure proper amount of buoyant equipment is

used to suspend with head above water

Emphasize working at own paceuse time, notgroup counts

Check pain level before activity. Emphasizeaquatic therapy should not increase pain. Stretching session afterwardsgreat time to

increase ROM!


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AQUATIC ARMY STRONG

Who says its easy?

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