The Rise of DictatorsChapter 16 Section 3 & 4

The Rise of Dictators

Between 1919-1940› All European countries except G.B., France,

Sweden, and Finland adopted some form of dictatorial government

Totalitarian States› Control all aspects of their citizens’ lives › Use of propaganda and modern

communication to achieve this goal

Totalitarian regimes› Single leaders› Single parties › No individual freedoms› Unlimited government powers

Fascism in Italy

Fascism› System of government marked by central

authority under a dictator› Suppression of opposition› Glorifies the state over the individual

Mussolini › Established the first Fascist govt. in Europe › Italy feared a communist takeover

Mussolini cont.› He formed a group of fascists called the

Blackshirts They attacked socialist and anyone who

opposed the Fascists › He appealed to national pride and forced the

king to make him the Prime Minister Mussolini and Fascist dictatorship

› Secret Police Could arrest anyone Main job was to control the people

Fascist Control› Mass Media and the use of propaganda› Youth: focused on using the youth for military

activities › Traditions: maintained traditional values in

Italy Mussolini was unable to gain full control

over Italy› He still recognized the Vatican › Italian Life – larges gap between fascist

policies and actual practice

A New Era In the Soviet Union

1922 – The Communist create the USSR› Union of Soviet Socialists Republic › Lenin is still in control of the communist

1924 - Lenin dies trying to control the Politburo › The committee that controlled the politics

of the communist party › Lenin’s death led to a struggle for power in

the USSR

Trotsky v. Stalin for power in the USSR Trotsky

› Wanted to industrialized the nation at the expense of the peasants

› Wanted to spread communism world wide Stalin

› Did not want to industrialize quickly› Used his position as general secretary to

gain control of the Communist Party

Stalin and the Five Year Plan

Stalin’s Five Year Plan› Set the economic goals for a 5 year period› It emphasized industrialization slowly over

five years and the production of capital goods The 5 Year plan took a heavy toll on the

Russian people › Housing was terrible› Wages were bad› They were dealt with by using propaganda to

boost moral

The Cost of Stalin’s Programs

Collectivism › System of govt. that took control of private

farms and had peasants work on them › Peasants revolt by killing livestock and

hoarding food› Stalin's response: He added more farms

Millions of Russians died from Collectivism› Whoever resisted Stalin was sent to Siberian

Labor camps› Stalin also overturned social legislation taking

away women’s rights