Body types Optimum weight Weight-related conditions Performance enhancing drugs Recreational drugs Risk assessment & injury prevention

Different Body Types

Somatotypes (body build/physique)

Measurements taken from height, weight, bone size, muscle girth and fat

Endomorph (Mr Roberts!) Mesomorph (Mr Haycock!) Ectomorph (Mr Bidgood!) Certain body types are particularly

suited to different sports!

Endomorph Characteristics:

Fatness, round body shape, large build.

Effect on sport: often not suited to endurance events, most commonly found in events requiring large body mass and strength, such as sumo.

Different Body Types

Mesomorph Characteristics:

muscular, broad shoulders, triangular body shape

Effect on sport: Most sportsmen are mesomrophs as most sports require strength and power. Strongmen and sprinters are good examples.

Different Body Types

Ectomorph Characteristics: Thin,

lean, low body fat levels

Effect on sport: often found competing in endurance events such as the marathon and sports requiring a light body such as jockey

Different Body Types

Optimum Weight

Factors affecting optimum weight: Height Gender Bone Structure Muscle Girth Genetics

Optimum weight in sport

Varies widely according to the sport; rugby and horseracing, for example, have quite different requirements.

A forward in rugby; need muscular strength & power, so large muscle girth.

A jockey; short with small bone structure & minimum amount of muscle.

Some people need to lose weight to reach their optimum weight (e.g. boxing)

Anorexic – a prolonged eating disorder due to the loss of appetite and a desire to not become overfat or obese/desire to become thin.

Underweight – weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.

Overweight - having weight in excess of normal. Not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness

OverfatOverfat – having too much body composition as fat Obese –describes people who are very overfat.

Weight-related conditions

Performance Enhancing Drugs

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

BETA BLOCKERS

DIURETICS

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

STIMULANTS PEPTIDE HORMONES

ANABOLIC STEROIDS: Increase muscle mass & develop bone growth

BETA BLOCKERS: Help maintain a low HR and lower b.p

DIURETICS: To increase the amount of urine production

Performance Enhancing Drugs

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS: They give relief from painful injuries

STIMULANTS: They increase alertness

PEPTIDE HORMONES: Same as Anabolic Steroids, specific hormone EPO increases red blood cell production.

Performance Enhancing Drugs

Recreational Drugs

Smoking – Damages heart and lungs and raises blood pressure, increased risk of cancer, heart disease

Reduces bodies ability to carry oxygen so performers suffer from fatigue and loss of breath more easily.

Alcohol – Can cause damage to the liver and brain cells and increase likelihood of dehydration

It may affect performance by impairing judgments, slowing reaction times and causing dehydration, it is commonly used as a sedative in sports such as archery to improve performance.

Risk assessment & prevention of injury

How can we make activities safe? Warming up/cooling down Checking equipment & facilities Protective equipment & clothing Appropriate footwear Balanced competition – (weight

categories/mixed or single sex/age/handicap system)

Playing to the rules of competition