ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ buddhist values...

54

ආචා�යආචා�යආචා�යආචා�ය �� ශා�තශා�තශා�තශා�ත ෙහේවෙ�ෙහේවෙ�ෙහේවෙ�ෙහේවෙ�

02 mrspzfPAoh ( 02 Chapter )

fn#oaO idr OrAu moku : fn#oaO ixl,am jsurAYkh

(Criticism/Consideration of Buddhist Concepts:Foundation of Buddhist Values)

fuhg by; m<uq mrspzfPAofhaoS meyeos,s we;s mrsos fn#oaO idr OrAu hkak ixl,amuh

jQjls' boska ta ;;ajh ;,oS thgo mokuz jQ huz ixl,am fjz kuz tjd w;sYhskau iQCIu foaj,aa jsh

hq;h'idrOu! hkqo ixl,amuh jQjla nejska tlS ixl,amfhau lvd wkqfldgia jYfhka my; iZoyka

jk ixl,ammoaO;sh ie,lsh yelsh'wfkla w;g idrOu! ixl,am iudc cSjs;fhaoS [email protected] l@shd

jg kefZ.kafka flfiao$ hkak fuz uZ.ska ukdj ;yjqre jkq we;.fuys idrOu! ixl,amhkaf.a wkq

fldgia jYfhka olajd we;af;a fufia [email protected] cSjs;hg kZ.k ,o idrOu! iudcuh jHjydrhkah.

fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a tla tla idrOu! ixl,amhla yojf;a iy fud<fha l@shdldrSFjhg m;ajk

wjia:dj fuz uZ.ska ksEms;hs.idrOu! ms,snZoj fu;ruz ishquz jsYaf,aIKhla lsrSug fm<Uqfka fndfyda

fokdjsiska fkdis;k me;a;la fj; wjOdkh fhduqlrjSu iZoydh'ld,du iQ;@h ms<snZoj rpkhjS

;sfnk Ydia;@ShlD;Skays wjOdkh fhduqjS mej;fka ld,du iQ;@fhys .enzjSmej;kd jQ ckm@sh

isoaOdka;h jQ ksoyiapska;kh flfrysh'ld,du iQ;@h foaYkd lsrSu iZoyd miqnsuzjQ lreKq wkqj tfia

Wml,amkhlsrSu idjoH fkdfj;;a"ld,du iQ;@fhys .enzjk tlu foh pska;kksoyi muKla

fkdfjz'fn#oaO idrOu! ms<snZoj b;dmqZM,a js.@yhla o ld,du iQ;@fhys wka;rA.;fjz'

ld,du iQ;@fhys .enzjkakdjQ tlufoh pska;k ksoyi hehs .;fyd;a tujs.@yh taldfoaYsl

js.@yhla muKlajkq we;s'th tfia jkafka ld,du iQ;@fhka js.@y flfrkakdjQ ixl,am nqoaOsuh yd

prAhduh hk fldgia folla hgf;a bosrsm;ajk ksid;a"pska;k ksoyi hk idrOu! ixl,amh wh;a

jkafka bka nqoaOsuh(wdl,am)fldgi hg;g jk ksid;a wdfjzok(lY,;d)yd prAhduh(ufkda pd<l)

fldgig wh;a idrOu! ixl,am ms<snZoj tuZ.ska jsjrKh fkdjk ksid;ah'fuu miqnsu ie,ls,a,g

f.k fuu mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhysoS W;aidy oefrkqfha ld,du iQ;@fhka jsjrKh flfrkakdjQ

iuzmQrAK idrOu! ixl,am moaO;sh jsYaf,aIK ldrAhh iZoyd fhdod.ekSugh'

idrOu! ixialD;sh yd olajk inZo;djfhys iajrEmh ms<snZoj oek.ekSu idrOrAuj, l@shd

ldrSFjh wjfndOlsrSu iZoyd uy;afiaWmldrSfjz'1ta ta ixialD;shg idrOu! jHdma; jkafka flfiao$

ixialD;Ska w;r idrOu! yqjudrejkafka flfiao$ hk fuz lreKq flfrAwjfndaOhlska hq;j lghq;

lsrSu idrOu! wOHhfhysoS uy;afia jeo.;afjz'tla w;lska ld,du iQ;@h fn#oaO ixialD;sh;a" bka|=

ksuzk ixialD;sh;a hdflfrk yqhla f,i l@shd;auljQ Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ udkj jgskdluz

1 wOHdmk orAYk m@fjzYh"fykars jSrisxy"ksmqK tkagm@hsiia"kqf.af.dv"1993"117-132msgq'

55ksrEmkh flfrkakdjQ wdlD;shla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ ksoyia pska;kh;a"

m@cd;ka;@jdoSNdjh;a"wjsysxid;aul iajrEmh;a"i;rn@yau jsyrKhkays .enzjkakdjQ jsYajSh us;@;aj

h ms<snZo oelau;a ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska fudkjg ksrEmKh flfrA'th pska;k wOsldrsh flaJ|@lr.;a

n@dyauKiuzm@odhi; lDr;ajh;a"hd.h hZ{h n,sns,s mQcduZ.ska fmkakquz lrk iFj>d;k wdrAh

ixialD;shg jsreoaOjQ jHdmdrhlaf,i idrA:lj fm<.eiajQ whqre ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska fmkajdfohs'1

ld,du iQ;@fhkaa js.@yflfrkakdjQ nqoaOsmrsmdl.; fn#oaO idrOrAuf,i yeZoskafjkafka hglS

ixl,am iuQyhlgh' fuu ixl,am iuQyh m@cdkk wdfjzokSh yd prAhduh hk mqZM,a lafIa;@ ;kla

lrd jsyso hhs' fuu m@cdkk wdfjzokSh yd prAhduh hk lafIa;@ ;k mqrd jsysohkakdjQ fn#oaO

idrOrAu my; oelafjk whqrska y|=kajd osh yelsh'2

1 mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,am3 (Adipose & Clever Conceptions)

2 oi mqKH l@shd4 (Ten Adipose Actions)

1 w. ks. 1, ;sl ksmd;h"uyd j.a. ld,duiq;a; nq'c'uq"337-343 msgq, fLd fidfLd fidfLd fidfLd fid i ld,dudld,dudld,dudld,dud wrshidjfld tjx wrshidjfld tjx wrshidjfld tjx wrshidjfld tjx wfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcwfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcwfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcwfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu ACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu ACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu ACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' 2 w. ks. 1, ;sl ksmd;h, ld,du iq;a;, nq.c.uq.338 msgqj, 3 tu hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhhhh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd:iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd:iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd:iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: 4 tu ifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaiifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaiifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaiifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fLdfNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fLdfNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fLdfNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fLd mk k;a:smk k;a:smk k;a:smk k;a:s mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk lfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;alfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;alfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;alfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:d wiaidfid f:d wiaidfid f:d wiaidfid f:d wiaidfid

56 3 wjsysxid1 (Non Violence)

4 wmamspzP;d2 Moderate / Ascctisism)

5 ika;gzGs;d3 (Acceptance)

6 fi#kaorAhh m@sh;dj4 (Beauty Inclinution)

7 iqkuH nj5 (Sanatorium)

8 iajpzPkao;djh6 (Freedom of the Will / Free Will)

9 Ndjkdj yd iodpdrh7 ( Meditation & Moral)

10 iykYS,s;ajh8 (Toleration) hkqfjks.

idr Ou!hkays iudcuh Ndjs;dj

m@cdkk wdfjzok yd prAhduh li,;d idrOu! ixl,am

1 mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,am wOsldrS pska;kfhka jshqla;jSu li,uQ<

2 oi mqZ[aZ[ l@shd wOsldrS pska;kfhka jshqla; jSu li,uQ<

3 wjsysxid i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h

4 wmamspzp;d i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h

5 ika;gzGs;d i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h

6 fi#kaorAhh ms@h;dj wOsldrS pska;k jshqla;sh i;rn@yau jsyrK

7 iqkuHnj i;r n@yau jsyrK li, uQ< mxpYS, m@;smodj

8 iajpzPkao;dj lu!jsmdlh ms<snZo isjqjeoEreuz kHdh

9 Ndjkdj yd iodpdrh i;r n@yau jsyrK li, uQ< mxpYS,h

10 iykYS,SFjh wOsldrS pska;kfhka jshqla; jSu

by; iZoykal< ixl,am oyhu ld,du iQ;@fhys oel.;yel'tfukau jvd;a mqZM,a js.@yhla

f,i th bosrsm;aj;sfnz'fuzksidu fuu iQ;@fhys idrOrAuSh jYfhka .eUqre orAYkhla wkdjrKh

flfrA'kQ;k odrAYksljs.@yhkag wkqj huzlsis pska;khla orAYkhlaf,i yeZoskajshyelafla thg

wOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzGwOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzGwOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzGwOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;sps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;sps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;sps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s 1 tu i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd ;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd ;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd ;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fmm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fmm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fmm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fm----lreKd iy.f;k fpz;idlreKd iy.f;k fpz;idlreKd iy.f;k fpz;idlreKd iy.f;k fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;k fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;k fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;k fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;k fpz;id----WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaL;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaL;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaL;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd i.f;k fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak d i.f;k fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak d i.f;k fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak d i.f;k fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s 2 tu wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d fkj mdKxNka;s kwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d fkj mdKxNka;s kwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d fkj mdKxNka;s kwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d fkj mdKxNka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS>x r;a;x ys;dh s oS>x r;a;x ys;dh s oS>x r;a;x ys;dh s oS>x r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;siqLdh;siqLdh;siqLdh;s 3 tu iu;a;diu;a;diu;a;diu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf;iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf;iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf;iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;s 4 w. ks. 1, ;sl ksmd;h, uydj.a., nq.c.uq. 337-343 msgq. 5 tu w,qoafOd mkdhx ld,w,qoafOd mkdhx ld,w,qoafOd mkdhx ld,w,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNkdud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNkdud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNkdud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNk----w|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafikw|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafikw|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafikw|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafik----wuQ<afydwuQ<afydwuQ<afydwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfykmkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfykmkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfykmkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk fuys w,qoaO hkq fr#|@ fkdjQ hk wrA:hhs w|=gzG hkq kmqre fkdjQ hk wrA:hhs wuQ<ay hkq uq<dfkdjk iajNdjh we;s hkqhs isf;ys iqLkuHYS,S iajNdjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ uq<sl ffp;isl ix>gl ;`kl wjsoHudk;ajhu isf;ys meyenr iajNdjhg fya;`jknj fuhskafmfka 6 tu ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud Nnzkhfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud Nnzkhfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud Nnzkhfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s nrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s nrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s nrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s 7 tu hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzudhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzudhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzudhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd: 8 tu w,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspsw,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspsw,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspsw,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd WmamkakdlspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd WmamkakdlspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd WmamkakdlspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd

57iqjsfYaISjk lreKqldr Kd iuzmQrAKjSfuka wk;rejh'm<uqfldgu wod< pska;kh;< huzlsis

oelaula wvx.jsh hq;fiau wdpdr jsoHd;aul mCIfhka idrj;a miqnsula ta;<jshhq;uh'm@Odk

jYfhka fulS lreKqfol wksjdrAhfhkau iuzmQrAKjsh hq;uh'1

fndfydafofkla is;d isgskafka kQ;kfha b;d iS>@fhka m@p,s;jk huzhuz is;sjs,s u;su;dka;r

fndfyduhla orAYkh keue;s jsIhg wh;ah lshdh'fldmuK nqoaOsf.daprjqj;a fuzjd fndfyduhla

yq|= is;sjs,s yd u;s u;dka;r j,g muKla iSudjkafka tajfha fulS orAYkhla jSuiZoyd wjYH

lrkakdjQ uQ<sl iq|=iqluzj,ska tlla jQ wdpdrjsoHd;aul mCIh tajd;< uojYfhkaj;a olakg

fkd,efnk nejsks'2

taw;ska ld,duiQ;@h fnfyjska nqoaOsuh yd wdpdrjsoHd;aul mCIfhka irAjiuzmQrAKh'uqZM

nq|=oyfuysu yrh .enzjS we;a;dfia ie<lsh yelsh'b;du;a mqZM,a jsIh m:hka;<oS ld,duiQ;@fhka

bosrsm;aflfrkakdjQ pska;kh by;olajk,o ishZM fldkafoaisj,g wkq.;ju mrsmQrAK odrAYksl

miq;,hla uZ.ska ksrEmKh fldg oelajSfuz yelshdj we;'3

wfkla w;g ld,duiQ;@fhys idrOu! jsjrKhflfrkafka odrAYksl fukau ixialD;sl jgdmsgdj

lska hq; jh'fuys oelafjkakdjQ ld,du jeishka jdihlf<a b;djsjD; ixialD;sl rgdjla;snQ iudc

mrsirhlh' tnejska Tjqka;< fndfydafoa ms<snZo ksjeros jsksYaphlg t<eUsfha b;djsjD; udkislFj

hlska hq;j tafoams<sn Zoj lreKq ldrKd fidhdne,Sfuka wk;rejh'4

fudjqkaf.a .u flaimq;a;h kuzjsh'fuho lvd.ulafkdj f,dl.ula fyj;a ks.uhlajsh'fmr

ld,j, ks.uhla fmdvsmfya gjqula ;rug f,dljg mej;sks'ta tfiajQfha fjfiiskau .xbjqre jeks

c,myiqj yd .ukamyiqj ;snqKq;ekaj,h'funZ|=jQ .ulg .Z.fomi isgskafkda /iafj;s'Tjqyq tnZ|=

.ula fj<odugo uOHia:dkh lr.ks;s'5

uq,a ld,j,oS koSka weiqrefldg msysgqjk,o fujeks .uz koS.@du hkqfjka yZ|=kajk,oehso we;euzyq

jsYajdi lr;s'fuzwkqj koS.@du kS.ujS thska ks.u hkjpkh iEfokakg we;ehs Tjqkaf.a woyihs'

uq,oS fufia koSka whsfkau jdf.a we;sjQ fuz.uz jsfYaIh miqj koSka ke;s;ekaj, we;sjqK;a takuskau

fyj;a ks.u yegshgu yeZoskajqknj fmfka'flaimq;;ho fuz whqrska m@lgjQ ks.uhls'6

1 us:Hdj jkaokdudk lrk mYapd;akQ;kjdoh, ta vS mS l,xiQrsh, Ydia;@Sh w;sfrAlh, isZMusK brsod tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 26 12 2004, 41 msgqj fld<U, 19. 12. 2004, 57 msgqj. 2 mYapd;akQ;kjdoh orAYk jsIfhka mrsndysr ixialD;sl m@mxphls, ta. vS. mS. l,xiQrsh Ydia;@Sh w;sfrAlh, isZMusK brsod, tlai;am@jD;a;m;@ iud.u, fld<U, 26 12 2004, 41 msgqj 3 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi,ik;a fla. kdkdhlaldr,fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh,keosud,,foysj,, 2001, 21 msgqj 4 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi,ik;a fla. kdkdhlaldr,fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh,keosud,,foysj,, 2001, 2 msgqj 5 ld,du Ou!h, nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus, iuhjO!k fmd;ay,, fld<U, 1961 32 msgqj. 6 tu

58 flaimq;a;h msysgd ;snqfka fndfydafokd ks;r .ukd.ukfhys fhfok m@Odk

udrA.hkaish,a, yuqjka kdjQ ia:dkhlh'tnejska fuz ia:dkh miqlr hkakdjQ fndfydafokdf.a jsjsO

wd.usl yd odrAYksl u;su;dka ;r flaimq;a;fha jeishkag b;d iqmqre|= foanjg m;ajS

;snsKs'fuzksidu tayeu u;jdohlau ms<s.kafka;ake;s"neyerlrkafka;a ke;s uOHia: pska;khla

flaimq;a;jeishka;< iajNdjfhkau msysgd ;snqKs'1

flaimq;a; .uzjeishkajQ ld,duhka laI;@sh jxYslhkanj ufkdar:mQrKS(wx.;a;r)wgzGl:dfjz

iZoykafjz' lafI;@h fyj;a fL;a; hg wOsm;sj jsiQjka laI;@Sh jxYslfhdah'N~ush iuznJOfhka

wOsm;sNdjh biQ,Qfjda laI;@sh jxYlfhdah'tfukau lDIslu!h yd rdcHmd,kh iuznJOfhka mrsmd,

klghq;j, ksr;jSfuz j.lSu laI;@shhkayg mejrS;snsKs'2 Tjqyq wdoSl,ams; uyd iuzu; rcqf.a

mgka mejf;kafkda fj;s'fuz uyd iuzu; rdcHFjh jkdyS m@cd;ka;@dka;@jdofha uq,au wjia:dj f,i

ie<lshyelsh'uyd iuzu; rcq m;alr.kafka uyck;dj nejsks'tao Tyqf.a .KOu! yd iq|=iqluz

i<ldf.kh'3

nq|=kajykafia;a ld,duhkaf.a jxYhg"tkuz laI;@shjxYhg wh;afjz'laI;@shjxYslfhda fnfyjska

pska;k ksoyi yd m@cd;ka;@jdoh .rel< whfj;s'4fuzksid nq|=kajykafia ld,du jeishkaf.a

udkislmiqnsu ms<snZo ukdwjfndaOhlska hq;jisgSnjfmfka'tfukau fuz jxYiuznJOh ksid ld,du

jeishkq;a nq|=kajykafia flfrys jevs f.#rjhlska yd wdorhlska hq;j isgshdg ielhlake;'

iajNdjfhkau ;uka;< huzlsis wvqmdvqjla ;sfnk;eke;a;d;< tafya;fjka jkySkudkh is;;`,

ieZ.jS mj;shs'tfia wvqmdvqkuz ke;a;d;, taySkudkh ke;snejska jsjD;ukilska lghq; lsrSfuz

yelshdj mj;S'ld,duiQ;@fhys jxYfhka yd mruzmrdfjka wdksidu jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS hula

ms,sfkd.kak hhs oelafjk ioyka uZ.skao meyeos,sjkafka nq|=r|=kqf.a fulS wvqmdvq jsrys;Ndjh

;,skau mekkeZ.kdjQ jsjD;Ndjhhs'5

ixialD;sh iudc ixorANh ;< ls@hd;auljkakls.ixialD;sh hkak m@isoaO udkj

jsoHd{fhl jQ tvzjvz ghs,rA jsiska fufia ksrAjpkh lrkq,ensks.“Culture is that complex whole

which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and

habits acquired by man as a member of society “ ghs,rAf.a fuz bx.@Sis mdGfhka ixialD;sh .ek

lshfjk foa f;areuz .kakg th jsNd. lrn,uq.6

1 tu 32-33 msgq. 2 tu 31 msgqj. 3 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h,n<xf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus,iuhjrAOk fmd;ay,,fld<U,1986, 1 msgqj. 4 ld,du Ou!h, nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus, iuhjO!k fmd;ay,, fld<U, 1961, 31-32 msgq. 5 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h, n<xf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus,iuhjrAOk fmd;ay,, fld<U, 1986, 1-3 msgq. 6 uqyqo f.dv .,kafka N~;fhla ksido$ Wmd,s iurisxy, isZMusK brsod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U, 13. 02. 2005, 10 mssgqj.

59 ghs,rA lshk yegshg ixialD;sh hkq “ixlSrAK tallhls.1”th lE,sj,g lvd jgyd .;

fkdfya.2 TzkEu cd;shl ixialD;sh jsjsO wxYj,ska hq; ksid ta wx. tlg tlajQjsg ixlSrAK jQjla

njg m;afjhs.3 ghs,rA B <Z.g ixialD;shg huz huz jsjsO fldgia we;,;a jQnj lshhs.4oekSu

jsYajdi weoys,s l,dYs,am iodpdrh kS;sh pdrs;@ jdrs;@ uska iuyr tajdh.5B <Z.g ghs,rA

ixialD;shg wh;a wjfYaI wx. w;r ukqIHhdf.a fjk;a olaI;d fyda we;slr.;a mqre|= tla lrhs.

by; lS oekSu wdoS wx.j,g wu;rj usksid ;ukajsiska we;slr.;a mqre|= yd oCI;d we;akuz tajdo

ixialD;shg we;,;a fjz.fuz ishZM wx. usksid jsiska my< lr.kq ,enqfjz ukqIH iudcfha

idudcslfhl jYfhks.6

fn#oaO ixialD;sh .;fyd;a thg huzhuz wx. Wmdx. tlajQfha fn#oaO pska;kfha wdNdIh

ksidh'fn#oaO pska;kh;< Y@uK iuzm@odhi; huzhuz .Kdx. we;'jsfYaIfhka lemS fmfkku

,CIKhkajQfha lsis|= wOsldrsuhn,hla fuz;< olakg fkdjSu;a"iudkd;au;djh yd m@cd;ka;@jdoh

.relsrSu;a"udkjflaJ|@Sh yd ukqIH;ajh uQ<slfldgf.k lghq;lsrSu;a"hk lreKqh'ld,duiQ;@fh

ys js.@yjkakdjQ b.ekajSuz ishquzj mrSCId lrne,SfuzoS uqZM ld,du iQ;@hu fn#oaO ixialD;sfhys

levm;la f,i .;yelsnj fmfkkq we;'7

ghs,rA ixialD;shjs.@y l< wkaouksid ixialD;sl js.@yfha m@Odk wx. ;kla biau;fjkq wmg

oel.; yelsh.bka m<uqjekak ld,h ms<snZo yeZ.Suhs.ixialD;sh tljru my<jk fohla fkdfjz.

ld,dka;rhla ;siafia yev.eiafjuska tl;fjuska h:d ;;ajhg m;a fjkakls.8fojkqj ixialD;sh

hkq usksid jsiska bf.k.kq ,nkakls.;ukaf.a mrsirfha cSj;ajk lvd orejd wjg ixialD;sh

Wf.k.kshs.Wmam;a;sh ksidu ixialD;sh ms<snZo wjfndaOh flfklg fkd,efnhs.fya th mrsirfh

kau W.; hq;h.B <Z.g jeo.;au ,CIKh kuz ixialD;sh wmf.a prAhdjka j,g u. fmkajSuhs.wm

ljqre;a yeisfrkafka fuz prAhdjka wkqjh.ta prAhdjka nsys lrkqfha ixialD;shhs.wd.usl idr OrAu

l@shd;aul lsrSfuzoS fufiayeisrsh hq; hehs iuzu; prAhd rgdjla we;.wm fuh Wf.k .;af;a

flfiao$wfma ixialD;sh ;,sks'9

1 tu 2 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz, wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 64 msgqj. 3 uqyqo f.dv .,kafka N~;fhla ksido$ Wmd,s iurisxy, isZMusK brsod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U, 13. 02. 2005, 10 mssgqj. 4 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz, wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 64-65 msgq. 5 weoys,s yd j;a ms<sfj;a, whs. fla. fcAuzia ;rx. wxl 9, ixia. n,xf.dv m@xZ{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 80-81 msgq. 6 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz,wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 70-71 msgq. 7 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi, ik;a fla. kdkhlaldr. fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh, keosud,,foysj, 2001, 3 msgqj. 8 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia. n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz, wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 68-69 msgq. 9 Religious,Values and Peak Experience,H.Abraham Maslow,Penguine,1970.

60 ixialD;sh ms,snZoj flgsfhka fyda hula mejiSu fuysoS jeo.;ajkqfha thlulaoehs

jsoHd;au lj wrA:l:kh fkdfldg idudkH ckjHjydrfha we;s f;areuu.ska tayd ne|=kq

Ydia;@ShjsIh lreKla meyeos,s lsrSu wiSre lreKla nejsks'idrOrAuhkq lulaoehs ksishdldrfhka

jgyd.ekSug kuz ixialD;shla hkqfjka yeZoskafjka fka lulaoehs ksishdldrj f;areuz.ekSu

jeo.;ah'1ld,du iQ;@h;< .enzjkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhkaf.a uQ,druzNh Ndr;fha bka|=ksuzk

ixialD;sfha uq,a olajdu wE;g jsyssfokakla nejz fmkajd fokafka fuu jsoHd;aul wrA:l:kh ;<

isgf.k lrkakdjQ Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKh ksis whqrska fufyhjSfuz yelshdj tuZ.ska ,efnk nejsks'2

ixialD;sh .ek jsjsO ksrAjpk we;;a" myiqj ;ld ghs,rA iemhq ksorAYkhla is; ;ndf.k

ixialD;sh hkak fufia fldgiaj,g fnod f;areuz .;yelsh'3

1 ixialD;sh hkak ta ta wx. tlg tlajS tlg neZoS mj;akd ixlSrAK tallhls'

2 ixialD;sh bf.kSfuka jgyd.; hq; fohls.ta ms<snZo wjfndaOh flfklg Wm;skau fkd,efnhs.

tfia fyhska ixialD;sh “W.;ukd” fohls'

3 ixialD;sh ld,h ;,ska jO!khg m;a fjhs'(fn#oaO ixialD;sh wjqre|= 2500lg jvd merKsh)

4 th mrsKduhg m;ajSfuzoS we;euz wx. yef,hs.fjk;a wx. iuyrjsg fjk;a ixialD;Ska ;,ska

Bg tla fjhs'

5 ixfla;j;a wrA: uZ.ska ixialD;sh m@cdj;, iuQy cSjs;fhaoS jHx.drA:j;a fjhs.thska woyia

jkafkaa Tjqka tys wrA: ixfla; uZ.ska jgyd .kakd njhs' flfkla u,a w;ska f.k nq|= ms<suhla fj;

.ukalsrSu .;fyd;a w;ska f.khk u,a Tyq yeZo me<Zo isgsk wkaou hk .uk Tyqf.a wNsm@dh wmg

wZ.jk ixfla;hkah' wfma ixialD;sfha cSj;ajk TzkEu wfhlg Tyqf.a .ufka wrA:h jegfyhs'

wrA:h ta ixialD;sfha cSj;ajk iEu fokd jsiskau fnod yod .ekSug mqZMjkalu f;areuz .ekSug

mqZMjka lu fuys,d .efka'

6 ixialD;sh lD;Huh jkakg;a mqZMjk wj-lD;Huh jkakg;a mqZMjk' ta lshkafka ixialD;sfha

wx.hka l@shdjg kef.k jsg bka iudcuh rgdj Yla;su;ajkakg;a bv we;'iudc rgdjg ydks

jkakg;a bv we;' wms ishZM fokdu tl ;ekl ysZo Ndjkd lruq' fuz Ndjkdfjka wfma lKavdhu

w;r iuznkaO;dj ;j ;j;a ;yjqre jkq we;' lD;Huh jYfhka th jev odhlh wfma lKavdh

fuz yeZ.Suz iuyrjsg uska ;yjqre jqj;a u;ameka mdkh lsrSu ksid iudchg b;d ydkslr ;;ajhla

u;jkq fkdwkqudkh'th wjlD;Huh tlla yegshg wms yZ|=kajuq'

mqZM,a wre;lska .;fyd;a iudchl ukqIHhd ms<snZo Tjqkaf.a prAhdrgdj ( yeisrSfuz

ms,sfj<) yd iuznkaO ,sLs;^w,sLs; iEu fohlau ixialD;shg wh;a fjz'rgl ,sLs;^w,sLs; idys;Hh

1 ,, Do ,, . 2 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ{aZ{df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964"1-8 msgq' 3 Primitive Culture,E.B.Tylor,John Murry,1871.ghs,r Ata ta iudcj, olakg ;snQ jsoHd;aul oshqKqjg wkql~,j mrsKduSh pska;kh yev.efiknj jsYajdi lf<ah. TzkEu ixialD;shl wjsoHd;aul ,CIKj,ska tu ixialD;shg .efkk cj;djf.a islùzme;ùzj, uq.aOnjo m@lgjkafka hehs olajhs. huz ixialD;shla oshqKq hehs ms<s.ekSug n,mdkqfha ck;djf.a ;rAldkQl~, nqoaOshhs.w;drAlsl wjsoHd;aul is;ùz me;ùz;,ska nsys jkqfhao fkdoshqKq ;dCIKsl Ys,[email protected] mrsKdujdoS pska;kh js.@ylsrSu iZoyd ghs,rA jsiska yZ|=kajdfokq ,enQ ixl,am folls.tkuz ixikaokd;aul l@uh(Comparative method) yd ixialD;sl meje;au (Cultural Survival).

61(ck Y@e;s) l,dYs,am uQrA;s jsYajdi weoys,s wd.uz pdrs;@ jdrs;@ wNspdrjsOs yd hd;lrAu we|=uz

me<|=uz wdNrK yd |@jHd;aul ixialD;sl ;;ajh iudc ixia:d yd wdh;k wdoS iEu fohlau

ixialD;sfha fldgia f,i .; yelsh'1

ixialD;sh lshkafka rcjrekaf.a cSjkrgdj muKla fkdjknj uska f;areuz.; yelsh' ck;dj

f.au cSj;ajk rgdj fyda fudaia;rh ixialD;sh jkafkah' iuyr jsg wfma rfgz ixialD;sh .ek

l:dlrkjsg iS.srs ps;@ nq|= ms<su wkqrdOmqr fmdf<dkakre kgnqka fmryerj,a wdoshmuKla

ixialD;sh hehs weZ.fjhs' “ixialD;sl ;@sfldaKh” hk jpkfhka fldgq lrk ,o wfma merKs

|@jHd;aul ixialD;sfha ksrAudK yd kgnqka ;ju;a olakg ,efnk m@foaYhhs' ixialD;sh lshkafka

merKs iudcfhka b;srsjQ ksrAudK yd kgnqka hk wrA:h fu;ekoS biau; fjhs' kuq;a we;a;

jYfhkau ixialD;sfha cSjudk me;a; usksiqka cSj;ajk rgdj uSg jvd jeo.;a ixialD;sl wx.hls'2

merKs |@jHd;aul ixialD;sh merKs usksiqkaf.a Wkqkqka w;r mej;s iuznkaO;d fudkjdoehs

wmg lshd fohs' ta b;srs jQ ixialD;sl odhdofhka merKs usksiqka .ek bf.k .ksuq' wo cSj;ajk wm

yd merKs usksiqka w;r iuznkaO;dj we;s lrkafka Tjqka b;srs fldg .sh ta |@jHuh ixialD;shhs'

tajd ixialD;sfha fldgia nj ienEh' kuq;a ixialD;sh Bg jvd m<,a wrA:hla we;a;ls' iudchl

usksid cSj;ajk iuzmQrAK rgdju ixialD;sh jYfhka .efka'3

ixialD;sh jgyd .ekSug ;j;a fydZo udrA.hla kuz ixialD;shg wh;a fkdjkafka lulaoehs

jgyd .ekSuhs' ixialD;sh .ek mj;akd m@Odk jeros u; folla fuysoS oelajSu b;d jeo.;a fjz' bka

m<uqjekak kuz ixialD;sh hkq Wiia iudcfha lSm fofklg wh;a fyda nqoaOsu;ka fyda ishquz l,d

ridiajdoh yd iuznkaO fohla hehs l,amkd lsrSuh' ixialD;sh f,dl usksiqkag fyda ;shqKq risl

yeZ.Suz we;s usksiqkag muKla wh;a fohla fkdfjz' fuz iuZ.u ixialD;sh hkq iudchla i; iEu

fohlau wvx. fohlehs is;Suo jerosh' we;a; jYfhkau ixialD;sh tla;rd wkaoul oekSu yd

jsYajdi moaO;shls'4

ixialD;sh fuz wkaoug n,kjsg fldgia ;klg fnod f;areuz .; yelsh'tkuz

1 w;aoelSuz yd idrOu! u; nsysjQ ixialD;sh(Culture of Values)

2 l,d risl;ajh u; nsysjQ ixialD;sh(Culture of Arts)

3 m@;sudkl ixialD;sh(Culture of Norms) hkqfjks'

uska m<uqjekak jk w;aoelSuz u; nsysjQ ixialD;sh wmg wfma mrsirh ydiliajk l@u we;,;a

keK kqjK f.kjs;a fohs'fu;a;d ixl,amh Bg fydZo ksorAYkhls.wkdrAh ixialD;sh ;, ishZM

1 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx. lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus,;rx.-9, ixia. n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz,wkq, uQ|@Kd,h,fld<U,1964, 65 msgqj. 2 wkqrdOmqr hq.fha fi,a,smsj,ska fy<sjk iudc f;dr;`re, wdrA. nS. Tosrsisxy,nodod w;sfrAlh osjhsk,Wmd,s m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 17.03 .1999, 17 msgqj. 3 rsgs., jk wrK,iqiSud m@fndaOskS,fmfrArd nodod w;sfrAlh,osjhsk Wmd,s m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,26. 02. 2003, 1 msgqj. 4 Ydia;@Sh jsjsO;ajhg wdjvuq, laf,davz \@en@sisfhda (l`rshrA iZ.rdfjka Wmqgd .ekqkls),isZMusK brsod,tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 20. 02 .2005, 60 msgqj.

62iFj j.!hd jsIfhys i;r n@yujsyrKh mokuz lrf.k fu;a;d iy.;j l@shdl< iudc

hka;@K hla mej;sks'iudcfhys jsiQ iEu ;rd;srlu ck;dj b;d iuZ.s iuzmkakj l@shdl< nejska

Tjqka w;r wNHka;r wdrjq,a fkdjsh'fuz ;Fjh wdrAhhkag wkdrAh ixialD;sh wdl@uKh lsrSug

f,dl myiqjla yd jdishla jQ w;r wjidkfhys wkdrAh ixialD;sh mSvdjg m;afldg ish n@yauK

pska;k h Ndr;h mqrd m;rjd yerSugo th rel,la jsks'Y@uK iuzm@odhg miqnsuz jQfha wkdrAh

ixialD;sh jQ fyhska wkdrAh ixialD;sfhys .enzjQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh Y@uK iuzm@odhhg

fkduZoj ,ensks'

tu iuzm@odh i; huz huz wx. ndysr wkqldrlhka jYfhka miql,l wdrAh ixialD;sh mokuz

lr.;a n@yauK iuzm@odh jsiskao wkq.ukh lrkq ,enqj;a tajdfhys ienE wka;rA.;h lsisosfkl

n@yauK iuzm@odhg Wlyd.k fkdyels jQfha wdrAh ixialD;sh uqZM ukskau ffjrh >d;kh mokuz

lr.;a;la nejsks'wdrAhhka hqoaOh wdl@uKh uxfld,a,lEu m@pKav yd ieyeisl@shd Ndjs;hg

.ksuska wkdrAhhka uZvskq,enQ nejsks'n@dysuK iuzm@odh;,o ms<snsUqjQfha wdrAhhkaf.a fuu ldhsl yd

udkisl jYfhka wkHhka fm<Sfuz ;;ajhhs'ldhsl mCIfhka fuu fm<Sfuz l@shdj,sh wd.usl uqyqKqj

rska hd.h f,io udkisl mCIfhka fuu fm<Sfuz l@shdj,sh wd.usl uqyqKqjrska wOsldrSuh pska;k

h f,io wrA: oelajsK'jrA;udk f.d,ShlrK l@shdj,sh;,o ksrAudKjdoh mokuzlr.;a pska;k

wOsldrsh yd fya;M,Ou!h mokuzlr.;a ksoyia pska;kh w;r we;s jsjsO fjkialuz th ukdj

wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska wmg jgyd .; yelsh'1

tys idrOu! jYfhka oelafjkafka ixialD;sh;< wvx. mdruzmrsl jsYajdi yd li,;d f.dkak

la mrmqfrka mrmqrg fkdkeiS yd fjkiafjuska meusKSuhs'2fn#oaO ixialD;sh;< wvx. oekqu yd

li,;djhka f.dkak yqfola mdruzmrsl muKlajQjlafkdjknejskatyshuz jsYajjSh njlaolakg

,efnz'ksoiqkla jYfhka ld,du iQ;@fhys wvx. b.ekajSuz flfrka jsYo flfrkakdjQ idrOu!hkays

cd;s wd.uz l, wdoS lsis|= iSudjlg fldgqfkdjkakdjQ iEufokdgu fmd|=fjz l@shd;aul lr hym;a

M, fk,d.;yels wdldrfha b.ekajSula wka;rA.;h'3

risl;ajh ms<snZo ixialD;sh ksid wfma l,d lD;s ljs isx|= kdgH idys;H leghuz uQrA;s wdoS

jsjsO l,djka nsys fjz' Y@S rdyq, ysushkaf.a ljS;ajh .ek l:dlrkjsg ck ljs .ek lshkjsg

risl;ajh ms<snZo ixialD;sh wmg isysfjhs'4

;kafjkqj m@;sudk ixialD;sh kuz wmg‘fydZo’‘krl’.ek ta ms<snZo kS;srS;s prAhdjsOs lshd fok

ixialD;shhs'TzkEu ixialD;shl funZ|= fydZo krl lshdoSfuz l@u we; OrAu;d .ek Tng l,ska

lSfjuq' wm tla;rd wjia:djloS yeisrsh hq; ms<sfj< OrAu;dj,ska ( m@;sudk; Norms ) meyeos,s fjz'

fuz iudcSh OrAu;d (m@;sudk).ek m@lg udkj jsoHdZ{fhlajk f.@yeuz iuzkrA“Folk Ways”

1 ikaksfjzok f.da,ShlrKh, iuka; fyar;a, Ydia;@Sh, isZMusK brsod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,27 02. 2005, 57 msgqj. 2 cela,df.a jsixfhdackh, k,Ska iajdrsia, l;sld ixjdo irKsh,oskusK,tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U 26. 02. 2005, 17 msgqj. 3 ld,duiQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi"ik;a fla'kdkdhlaldr"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"keosud,"foysj," 2001" 4 msgqj' 4 .srd ixfoaY jsjrKh"ixZ{dmkh"lur;Z.` uqksoiqka"fla' ta'wdrshodi iy iud.u"fld<U"2506"2-22 msgq'

63(ck prAhd)hkkuska .@J:hla rpkd lf<ah' “MORES” hk kuska yZ|=kajkq ,enQ fuz ckprAhd

iudcfha OrAu;d (m@;sudk) wmg fufia yeisrSu hym;ah fufia yeisrSu whym;a hehs lshd fohs'

OrAu;d (m@;sudk) yereKqjsg wmg wfma cSjs;fhaoS‘fydZo’ ‘krl’lshd wfma prAhdrgdj iudchg

wjYHlrk uZ.g fhduq lrk ;j;a wx. we;' tajd .ek wmg miqj W.;yel fuysoS wjYHjkafka

by; lS wx. ;fkka ixialD;shla iukajs; jk nejz jgyd .ekSuh'1

;ukaf.a Yla;sh wkH ixialD;Skag jvd Wiia hehs ie,lSu iuyrekaf.a isrs;ls' funZ|=

;elSulg iudc jsoHdj fyda udkj jsoHdj bv fkdfohs'ta ta ixialD;s jsjOFjfhka tlsfkld

fjkiaj mj;shs' ;ukaf.a ixialD;sh muKla Wiiah is;d lghq; lsrSu udkjflaJ|@Kjdoh

(ETHNIOCENTRISM) jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz' ;j;a ixialD;shla fyda tys wx.foi n,k wm ta

ixialD;sh fyda hglSwx. my;a tajd f,i i,lkafka kuz wm udkj flaJ|@KjdoSka njg m;afjhs'

uska W.ekafjkafka lsishuz ixialD;shla ;j;a tllg lukdldr fhka fyda fjkiajSu usi Wiia fyda

my;a f,i uqZMukskau ms<s.ekSu lsisfia;a l< fkdyels njhs'2

ixialD;sh ks;r fjkia fjhs.wkqrdOmqr ld,fha wmg ;snQ ixialD;sh fmdf<dkakrehq.h jk

jsg iEfyk f,i fjkiajsh'3wo mj;akd ixialD;sh 19jk ishjfia wmg ;snQ ixialD;sfha m@Odk

,CIKhhs.4th ljodj;a tlu ;ekl tlu wdldrhlska rZod fkdmj;shs' f,dalfha iEu ixialD;shla

u fufia fjkilg Ndckh jQ Ndckhfjuska mj;sk wkd.;fhaoSo fjkia jkakdjQ foa fj;s' fufia

fjkia jSfuzoS wkH ixialD;s j,ska huz huz foa Wlyd .ekSu yd tajd wfma ixialD;shg m@fjzYlr

.ekSu idudkH ,CIKhhs'5

wkqrdOmqr ixialD;sfha iuyrjsg m@lgj fkdfmfkk yska|= fojsfoaj;djka ms<snZo jsYajdi

fmdf<dkakre hq.fha olakg ,efnhs' yska|= fojs foaj;djka ms<snZo fuz weoys,s jsYajdi fldagzfgz

hq.fhaoS o fld;ruz m@n,jSo hkak ta weoys,s jsYajdij,g m@n, f,i myr fouzka rps; nq|=.Kd

,xldrh jeks .@ka:hlska fmfka'fuz weoys,s jsYajdi wmg wdfjzz fld;kskao$ yska|= ixialD;sfha we;s

jsIaKq BYajr ld,s jeks fojsfoaj;djqka wo wfmau fojsjrekanjg m;ajSwe;' wfma mkai,aj, fuz fojs

jrekaf.a foajd, we;' yska|= ixialD;sfha wx. wfma ixialD;shg tl;jQ yegs uska jgyd .; yelsh'6

jsjsO ixialD;Skaf.ka meusfKk huzhuzwx. ;j;a ixialD;Ska;,g we;ZMjS ta ixialD;Skays uq,a nei

.;a wx. njg m;ajSu idudkH OrAu;djls'7

1 iudc jsoHdj"iqjskS;d .`Kfialr"fld<U"1982" 3-8 msgq' 2 Sociology and Religion,Max Waber,London,1976,p.4 3 isxy, idys;Hfha iuzNjhg ;`vq|=ka we;euz fya;"yqkaosrdfmd, r;kfcda;s ysus";rx."ixia' f;rsmeye fidaudkkao ysus"jrosfj, foajtlaLs; ysus yd vnz,shq mS fiakdkdhl"wkq, uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1962"26 msgqj' 4 jsoHdfjz yd ixialD;sfh jsfhda.h"ng@kavz ri,a (l`rshrA iZ.rdfjka Wmqgd .ekqkls)"Ydia;@Sh"brsod isZMusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@iud.u"fld<U"06' 02' 2005" 57 msgqj' 5 nq|= ms<sufha wisrsh,vnz,sjz.tuz.mS.nS jsfcAfldaka,Ydia;@Sh,brsod isZMusK,tlai;a m@jD;a;m;@ iud.u,fld<U,06. 02. 2005, 57 msgqj. 6 ,xld b;sydih,cS. iS. Uekaosia, iSudiys; fld<U wefmd;slrSia iud.u,fld<U,1959,82-85 msgq. 7 ixialD;sl .egSu yd uOHu mka;sl nqoaOsh,wurodi jSrisxy,;rx.,ixia.f;rsmeye fidaudkkao ysus,jrosfj, foajrlaLs; ysus yd vnz,shq.mS.fiakdkdhl,wkq, uq|@Kd,h,fld<U,62-84 msgq.

64 iudc jsoHdj ixialD;Ska;< mj;akd iqjsfYaIdx. ;kla .ek iZoyka lrhs'wdjD; jsjD; yd

|@jHd;aul wx. yegshg y|=kajk fuz ;k .ekoek.ekSu wmg jeo.;ah' wdjD;(COVERT)ixialD;sh

hkq ixialD;shl mj;akd woyia jsYajdi mqreIdrA:(idr Ou!)wdl,am hkdosh yd iuznJO jQ prAhdj

kah'1fuz prAhdjkawkqj lghq; lrk wdldrh wmg jsjD;j fkdfmfka'huzlsis wiykhg m;ajQfjl`

foajrEmhla ,Z. ksYaYnzoj hosk whqre is;uq' ta ixialD;sh .ek fkdo;a wfhlg fudyq fmfkkafka

flfiao$ Tyqf.a isf;a we;s |=l ta |=l ke;slr.kak Tyq lrk wdhdpkh fojshka ms<snZo Tyqf.a

yeZ.Su fuz ish,a, wdjD; ixialD;s hl ,CIKh' Tyqf.a yeisrSuz rgdfjz wrA:h Tyq lshk fohska

Tyqf.a l@shdj,ska fyda Tyq i; fuj,uzj,ska jgyd .ekSu wiSreh'2

ixialD;sfha fuz wdjD; iajNdjh f;areuz .ekSug kuz wm l,ska lSjdfia ta ixialD;sfha

mj;akd

1 woyia (Conceptions)

2 jsYajdi(Cocksure) weoys,s(Belief)

3 idr OrAu(Values)

4 wdl,am (Attitudes)

5 iodpdrd;aul Ndjh(Morality)

6 m@;sudk (OrAu;d;Norms) ukdj wjfndaO lr.; hq;h'3

fuzjd jgyd.;a jsg ta ixialD;sfha cSj;ajk whf.a prAhdj ms<snZo wdjD; iajNdjh fmfkakg

mgka .kshs'idrOrAu ms<snZoj is|=flfrka kdjQ wOHhkhkaysoS ixialD;sfhys jsjsO me;slv ms<snZoj

ukdj wjfndaOfldg ;snsh hq;h.tjsg huz lsis idrOrAu ixl,amhl fyda ixl,amhka lSmhl

n,mEu ixialD;sl fCIa;@fhys flfia jHdma;j mj;skafkaoehs mqZM,a jYfhka huzlsis ks.ukhlg

meusKSug th jsYd, myiqjla fjhs.jsfYaIfhka ld,duiQ;@.; idrOrAu ms<snZoj fuysoS wOHhkh

flfrk ksid thska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu uZ.ska Y@uK ixialD;sfhys luk wkHkH;dj hla

ms<snsUq flfrkafkaoehs jgyd .ekSug fuuZ.ska jsYd, myiqjla ie,fihs.

ld,duiQ;@h hkq Y@uK ixialD;sh ms<snsUq flfrk Y@uK ixialD;sfhysu lsishuz wlD;shla jeks

h.tys .enzjQ ishZMu idrOrAu ksoyia pska;kh mdol lrf.k bosrsm;a fldg ;snSu uZ.ska Y@uK

iuzm@odfhys flaJ|@Sh mrudorAYh n@dyauK pska;k wOsldrfhka usoSu uQrA;su;a lr olajhs. n@dyauK

iuzm@odh pska;k wOsldrh mrudorAYh lrf.k mej;s w;r Y@uK iuzm@odh mrudorAYh lrf.k

;snqfka psska;k ksoyi nejsks tnejska n@dyauK iuzm@odh uZ.ska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqjdjQ ishZMu idr

OrAu Tjqka jsiska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqfjz fuu pska;k wOsldrh mdol lrf.kh.thg iudka;rj

Y@uK iuzm@odh uZ.ska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqjdjQ ishZMu idrOrAu Tjqka jsiska bosrs.ka lrkq ,enqfjz

ksoyia pska;kh mdol lrf.kh.

1 idulduS cSjs;hlg wjYH uqo,ao$ iqks,a udOj,isZZMusK brsod,t;ai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,27.02. 2005, 14 msgqj. 2 .@yfhda iy usksiai,c.;a udrisxy,isZMusK brsod,tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,27.02.2005,11 msgqj. 3 Sociological Perspective,Elychinoy,New York,1968,p 7.

65 fuu wOHhkh uZ.ska W;aiy .efkkafka Y@uK iuzm@odh uZ.ska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enQ idrOrAu

pska;k ksoyi mdol lrf.k ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a jS we;s wdldrh ms<snZo mqZM,a js.@yhla is|=

lsrSuhs.ta iZoyd ixialD;sfhys jsjsO me;slv ms<snZo idlpzPd lsrSu w;HjYH fohls ixialD;sfhys

jsjsO jQ me;slv ms<snZoj idlpzPd lsrSu uZ.ska Y@uK ixialD;sh;a ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a

flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu;a tlsfkl flfia ;,kh jkafkaoehs wjfndaOlr.ekSu myiq jkafkah.Y@uK

ixialD;sh ;< .enzj we;a;djQ idrOrAuhkays uQ<sl wdlD;shla ld,duiQ;@fhys .enzjk nj fmkajd

oSu fuys wruqKhs.Y@uK iuzm@odh;< .enzjk idrOrAu ;a ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ

idrOrAu;a tlla jk muKg iudc jsoHd;aul ixorANfhka fuys we;s jgskdlu f;reuz .ekSug

funZ|= ;,kd;aul wOHhkhla is|=lsrSu w;HjYH jQjls.

‘jsjD; ixialD;sh’ f;areuz .ekSu t;ruz wudre ke;'iudc iuznJO;dj, oDYHudk wx. foi

ne,Sfuka fuh jgyd .; yelsh' iudc jsoHdkQl~,kuz ;Fjh ldrAhh Ndrh OrAu;d yd ixia:d foi

ne,Sfuka jsjD; prAhdjka wjfndaOlr .ekSug mqZMjka fjhs'1

usksiqka tlsfkld yuqjkjsg ta whf.a ;Jjhka iuznJO;d ms<snZoj n,mdhs'‘;;a;ajh’ fyda

‘;rd;sru’ ta weZo me<Zo we;s iegsfhka lrk jevj,ska yeisfrk iegsfhka jgyd.;yelsh';;a;ajh

fyda ;rd;sru ta whg iudcfha ysus;ek ,nk f.#rjh lSrA;s m@idoh lshdfoh's ta ta ;;a;ajhkag

iudcfha jsjsOmdrsf;daIK ,efnz'mdrsf;daIK (Reward) hkako fuu ;;ajh yd ;rd;sru ms<snZo

ju jQjls'usksiqkaf.a ishZM yeisrSuz yd iuzm@odhka wkHhkaf.aa ;;a;ajh yd iuznJO fjhs' ussksiqka

wkHhka flfrys olajk iuznJO;djka ;SrKh lrkq ,nkafka fuz ;;a;ajh fyda ;rd;sru uZ.sks'

|@jHuh yd |@jHuh fkdjk jrm@ido lsishuz flfklg ,efnkafka fuz ;;a;ajh ksidh'

fuz ;;a;ajh <Z.g ixialD;sfha ldrAh Ndrh (Role) jeo.;afjz'.rejrfhla fyda ,smslrefjla

fyda uka;@Sjrfhla .;fyd;a tlS .rejrhd ,smslrejd uka;@Sjrhd i; tla;rd ldrAhNdrhla

fjhs'ljqreka ,smslrejd .rejrhd uka;@sjrhdjQj;a fuz ldrAhNdrh ta .rejrhdg ,smslrejdg

uka;@Sjrhdg tl yd iudkh'f.orl jqjo fuu iajNdjh oel.; yelsh' tys iajdusmqreIhd nsrsZo

orejd i; ldrAh Ndrhla fjhs'2

nq|=kajykafiaf.a foaYkd w;r iajdusmqreIhdf.a ldrAhNdrh jsfYaI wx.lSmhlska jsia;r

lrkq,efnz' iajdusmqreIhd nsrsog lreKdjka; jshhq;h'wjZ{dfkdl< hq;h'wehg wjxljsh hq;h'

fjk;a ia;@Ska fkdme;sh hq;h'f.or fodr iajduS;ajh wehg ,ndosh hq;h'wehg wjYH weZ|=uz me<Z|=uz

wdNrK wdosh iemhsh hq;h' fuz ish,a, iajduzmqreIhdf.a ldrAhNdrh wmg fmkajdfok w;r nsrsZol

f.a ldrAhNdrh fufia jsia;r fjz' nsrsZo ksjfia lghq; ukdj ixjsOdkh l< hq;h'iajdusmqreIhdf.a

1 Iudc jsoHdj,iqjskS;d .`Kfialr,fld<U,1994,4 msgqj. 2 iudc jsoHdj,iqjskS;d .`Kfialr,fld<U,1994,7 msgqj.

66Z{d;Skag fydZoska ie,lshhq;hs' iajdusmqreIhdg wjxljshhq;hs'(fjk;a iajdusmqreIfhla

fkdme;Su) iajdusmqreIhdf.a Okh wdrCIdl< hq;hs'l@shdYS,Sj wk,iaj lghq; l,hq;hs'1

iajdusmqreIhdf.a yd nsrsZof.a ‘ldrAhNdrh’ ukdj Tng uska jegfyhs' orefjlf.a ldrAhNdrh

o foudmshka yd orejka w;r iuznJO;d .ek ie,lSfuzoS fufia f;areuz .kq ,efnhs' orejd ;u

foudmshka fmdaIKhl< hq;hs'foudmshka fjkqfjka bgql< hq; j;dj;a bgql< hq;h' mruzmrdj

f.k hdug ;udf.ao orejka we;sl< hq;h' foudmshka i; foam< kv;a; whs;slr .ekSfuzoS hym;a

udrA.hla wkq.ukh l< hq;h' foudmsh wdoSka ush.shdg miq l<hq; j;ams<sfj;a bIaGl< hq;h'2

nq|=iufha n,mEu ksid iudc iuznJO;d ;< mj;akd ‘ldrAhNdrhka’b;d meyeos,sj yd ir,j

wE; w;S;fha isgu js.@ylrk ,oS'wfma iudch hym;a iudchla jQfha iudcfhaa cSj;ajk usksiqka

fuzjsjsO ldrAh Ndrhka yrsyegs yZ|=kdf.k cSj;ajSug jEhuz lsrSu ksidh' ldrAhNdrhka yrsyegs

bIaGlf<d;a bka ,efnk mdrsf;daIK w;r fuz cSjs;h yd iuznJO |@jHuh yd |@jHuh fkdjk

mdrsf;daIKo urKskau; hym;a cSjs;hla ,enSu ms<snZo mdrsf;daIKo fjhs'3

jsjD; prAhdj jsoydmdk B<Z. ,CIKh OrAu;dhs'(NORMS) hkq wfmaCIs; yeisrSuz rgd OrAu;d

j,shhs' mkai,lg hkjsg mdjyka .,jhs.Wps;f,i ierfihs'yeisfrhs'fufia tla;rd wfmaCIs;

wkaouska yeisrSu ‘OrAu;d’ wkq.ukh lsrSuls' funZ|= ta ta wjia:djkaysoS wfma yeisrSuz rgdj

wfmaCIdlrK OrAu;d ke;sj wmg iudchla f.khd fkdyel'

iudc ixia:dhkq B <Z.g iudcfha jsjD; prAhdjka wmg fmkajdfok wx.hls' iudcfha jsjsO

mrudrA: bIaGlr .ekSug usksiqka jsiska fuz iudc ixia:d f.dvk.kq ,efnz'ukqIHhd ;< uQ<sl

wjYH;d /ila we;' tajd bIaG lr.ekSfuz mrudrA:fhka iudc ixia:d f.dv kefZ.a' mjq, wOHdmk

ixia:dj wdrA:sl ixia:dj wd.usl ixia:dj yd foaYmd,k ixia:dj ukqIHhd jsiska f.dv kZ.k

iudc ixia:d myhs'ld,duiQ;@h ;, fmkajdfokq ,nkafka b;d udkqIsl mokula u; msysgd isg fuu

iudc ixia:d my iuZ. jsOsu;aj fukau ksjerosj wka;rAl@shd lrkdldrh fjz ukqIH iuznJO;d fuz

iudc ixia:d ;<ska m@lg jkafkah'mjq,a ixia:dj ksoiqkla fldg .;yelsh'th ;<ska msrsushd

.eyeKsh w;r iuznJO;dj Z{d;Ska yd mjq, w;r iuznJO;dj nsrsZo yd ieushd w;r iuznJO;dj

orejka yd foudmshka w;r iuznJO;dj Z{d;Ska yd mjq, w;r iuznJO;d j jrA.h l,h cd;sh yd

mjq, w;r iuznJO;dj wdoS ixlSrAK iuznJO;d rdYshla f.dvkefZ.a'4

|@jHuh ixialD;sh hkq ixialD;sh yd iuznJO jQ |@jHuh foaj,a ms<snZo tl; lr.;a oekquhs'

ukqIHhd f.a weZ|=uz me<|=uz fuj,uz WmlrK f.a fodr .DyNdKav ;dCIKsl WmlrK l,dYs,am

1 oS. ks. 3 is.d,l iq;a;,nq.c.uq.,308 msgqj.ud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd oud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd oud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd oud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd olaLsKd osid mq;a;odrd laLsKd osid mq;a;odrd laLsKd osid mq;a;odrd laLsKd osid mq;a;odrd osid mpzPd mpzPd mpzPd mpzPd us;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH w,u;af;dus;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH w,u;af;dus;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH w,u;af;dus;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH w,u;af;d lf, lf, lf, lf, .syS.syS.syS.syS 2 oS. ks. 3 isZ.d,l iq;a;,nq.c.uq, 302 msgqj.l:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS fyd;sl:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS fyd;sl:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS fyd;sl:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS fyd;s 3 oS. ks. 3 isZ.d,l iq;a;, nq.c.uq,290 msgqj.hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu lsf,id lsf,id lsf,id lsf,id mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid tjx mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid tjx mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid tjx mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid tjx pqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;spqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;spqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;spqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;s 4 oS. ks. 3 is.d,l iq;a;, nq. c. uq, 302-308 msgq

67idys;Hh hka;@iQ;@ wdoS yeu fohlau ms<snZo oekSu |@jHuh ixialD;shg wh;a jkafkah' hf:dala;

oekSfuka f;drjQ ta |@jHuh NdKavh muKla ixialD;sh f,i fkd.efka'wE; w;S;fha cSj;ajQ wo

olakg fkd,efnk usksia fldgif.a Yla;sh wm jsiska f.dv kZ.kq ,nkafka ta ixialD;sfhka wo wmg

b;srsjQ |@jHuh fldgia wdY@fhks'iuyrjsg tawh .,a.ydj, wekao ps;@hla folla wmg yuqjkqwe;' ta

whf.a wdydrmdk msikakg fhdod.;a Ndckj, kIaGdjfYaI tlla folla mqrdjsoHd leKSuzj,oS

fidhd.kakg mqZMjk'fuz wdldrfhka ta w;S; ixialD;sh tn|= ixialD;shla Wreu lr.;a mqoaaa.,hka

mrsyrKh l< |@jHuh ixialD;sl fuj,uz NdKav ;<ska f.dv kZ.d .;yelsh' ta |@jHuh fuj,uz

NdKav wdoS ish,a, |@jHuh ixialD;sfha fldgia yegshg i,lkq ,efnz'1

|@jHuh ixialD;sh .ek l;d lrkjsg huz huz fidhd .ekSuz(DISCOVERY).ek wu;l l<

fkdfya' m<uqfjkau .skaor fidhd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fidhd .ekSuls' |@jHuh ixialD;sh (oekSu)

.skaor fidhd .ekSu ksid mshjr lSmhla bosrshg .sfhah' iudcfha mj;akd fohla h<s u; fldg

w,q;a jsosyg wrA:j;a lr.ekSu fun|= fidhd.ekSuz jYfhka i,lkq ,efnz'ksmojSuz (Inventions) hkq

mj;akd fohla fufia my< lr .ekSug jvd w,q;ska hula ksrAudKh lr .ekSuh'ksmojSuz yd

fidhd .ekSuz ksid usksia ixialD;ska n,j;a fjkialuzj,g Ndckh fjuska bosrshg hk wdldrh

ukdj jgyd .kakg mqZMjk'2

ixialD;sh fmd|=jYfhka .;ajsg ;@sjsO ldrAhdj,shla bIaGlrhs' m<uq fjkau ixialD;sh

ukqIHhdg ;udf.a mrsirhg wkqj iliajkakg bv,ndfohs' jrAIdj fkdue;s ld,fha c,h ,nd

.kakg wfma me/kafkda jsYd, jejz ;ekQy' ta jejz j,ska ,enqk c,fhka jrAIdj fkdue;s ld,fha

lDIslrAudka;fhys fh|=ky' Tjqka mrsirhg wkqj iliajQ yegs jejz j,ska msrS.sh wE; w;S;fha

ixialD;sh n,kjsg fmfka'3

ixialD;sfha fofjks ldrAhh ukqIHhdg wkH ukqIHhka yd iqjfia cSj;ajSug WmdhudrA. yd

l@u ilialroSuhs' usksyd .eyeksh jsjdyh yd mjq, jeks ixialD;sl Wml@u uZ.ska tl;jSu .ek

is;d n,kak' m@ckk wdYdj h:dldrfhka l@uj;aj l@shdjg keZ.Sug;a bka nsysjk orejka ksis

whqreka fmdaIKhfldg jevs oshqKqlsrSug;a wdrCIdj fyda iqrCIs;nj mjq, yd jsjdy Wml@u uZ.ska

ukqIHhdg ,efnz'4fuz ldrAhh jvd;a jsOsu;a whqrska bgqlr .ekSu msKsi mjq, keue;s lvdu iudc

ixia:dj ilialrf.k ;sfnz.

ixialD;sfha ;kafjks ldrAhh ;udfkdokakd f,dalhla .ek ukqIHhd jsYajdi yd weoys,s uZ.ska

ms<sfh, lsrSuhs' cSj;aj isgshoS;a uereKdg miq;a ush.sh wh yd iuznJOjk ukqIHhd fkdokakd

f,dalhla we;' iqj lrkakg ners wikSmhla ye|=Kqjsg wm lrkafka lulao$huzlsis weoys,s jsYajdi

1 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx.,lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus,;rx.,ixia.n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz"wkq, uq|@Kd,h"fld<U'1964 67 msgqj 2 fuz m@;sixialrKj,g ienE lrA;D flfkla TzkE"YIS m@Nd;a rKisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"26' 02' 2005" 17 msgqj' 3 wkqrdOmqr hq.fha fi,a ,smsj,ska fy,sjk iudc f;dr;`re"wdr'A nS' tosrsisxy"nodod w;sfrAlh"osjhsk"Wmd,s m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"17' 03' 1999"17 msgqj' 4 oS. ks. 3"w.a.Z{aZ{ iq;a;"nq' c' uq"158-160 msgq' fu:qkx Ofu:qkx Ofu:qkx Ofu:qkx Ouzuxuzuxuzuxuzux iudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;siudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;siudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;siudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;s fLd fLd fLd fLd jdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;xjdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;xjdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;xjdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;x

68u; msysgd lghq; lsrSuh' uska wmg ,efnk iekiSu yd ;Dma;sh b;d jsYd,h' urKh hkq

lulaoehs okakd lsisfjla wmw;r ke;' i;ajhdg urKnsh yd iudk ;j;a nshlakuz ke;af;ah'kuq;a

wd.u yd iuznJOjQ fuz weoys,s jsYajdi ;<ska urKhg we;s nsh iEfyk |=rlg ;rkajS cSjs;hg

uqyK fokakg wmg bv,efnz'‘wd.u’ixialD;sh jsiska we;slrkq tla;rd ixia:djls'1

fn#oaOixialD;sh.ek mfhH!IKfhys fhfok jsoHdrA:Ska jsiska jsjsOixialD;s (Counter Culture)

ms,snZo ;<kd;aulj yeoErSu w.hlrkq,efnz' huzlsis ixialD;shl cSj;ajkakdjQ msrsila m@Odk

ixialD;shg wkql~,;dj fkdolajuska tla;rd wiykhla ksid ta ixialD;shg m@;sjsreoaO ixialD;sh

la wkqu; lrkqfka kuz ta msrsi jsfrdaO ixialD;shla we;a;ka njg m;afjkafkah'fuySoS m@Odk

ixialD;sfha yrh Tjqkajsiska m@;slafIam lrkakg mqZMjk'wefursldfjz‘ysms ixialD;sh’fujeks jsfrdaOS

ixialD;shla nj lshfjz'Tjqka cSj;ajk iudcfha ishZMu yrhka m@;slafIaml< ysmsfhda w,q;aiudch

la w,q;a yrhlawe;sj nsyslrkakg udkne,Qy'ta ksidu TjQyq jsfrdaO ixialD;shlg wh;ajQy'

‘ixialD;sh’ hk ixl,amh .ek l:dlrkjsg ‘WmixialD;sh’(Sub-Culture) .eko hula

oek.ekSu jeo.;ah' jsYd, fyda m<,a ixialD;shl cSj;ajk fjkia jQ udos,shl cSjk rgdjla we;s

fldgi Wm ixialD;shla we;swh jYfhka yZ|=kaj;s'iEu ixialD;shlgu wNHka;rsl jYfhka jsjsOd

ldr prAhdjka we;s wfkaljsO iuQy wkaa;rA.;jwe;'taiuQyj,cSj;ajk wh tlsfkldg fnfyjska

fjkia kjSk woyia yd prAhd we;a;kah'uy ixialD;sh;< jsjsOdldrfhka mj;akd fujeks Wm

ixialD;Ska /ila olakg ,efnz'huz ixialD;shla;< olakg ,efnk Wm ixialD;sl ,CIK iEfyk

m@udKhla uy ixialD;sfha tjka ,CIK yd ieifZoa kuz uy ixialD;sh;a Wm ixialD;sh;a w;r

lsis|= .egSula yg fkd.kshs'

iuyrjsgl Wm ixialD;Ska f.ka uyixialD;shg lsisu ;rAckhla fyda wNsfhda.hla ke;s

wjia:d olakg we;' Wm ixialD;shla f.dv kefZ.kjsg ;ukagu jsfYaI NdId js,dYhla OrAu;d

(m@;sudk) fyda idrOrAu yd cSjkrgdjla(iodpdrphH!d) f.dvkZ.d.ekSug bv we;.wdrAh ixialD;sh

;< fyda wkdrAh ixialD;sh;< ;j;a Wm ixialD;s lSmhla olakg we;' jsfrdaOS ixialD;sho Wm

ixialD;s j.!fhau tlafldgils' fjkilg we;af;a jsfrdaOSixialD;sh m@Odk ixialD;sh iuZ. tlg

cSj;a fkdjSuhs'th uy ixialD;sh iuZ. W.@f,i .efghs'iuyrjsg tnZ|= jsfrdaOS ixialD;shl

jHjydr jkni wkHhkag f;areuz.; fkdyelsh' taidudcslfhda muKla ta ni jgyd .ks;s'Tjqyq

1 Magic Science Religion and Other Essays,Bronislaw Malinowsi,London,Oxford Press,1948.fuu .@J:fhys wd.u wNspdr iy mqrdjD;a; ms<snZo udkj jsoHd;aul woyia wka;rA.;h'Coral Garden and their Magic : A Study of the methods billing the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobiand Island,Bronislaw Malinowsi,New York,American book Co.,1935.wd.u ue,sfkdjqialsf.a js.@yhg fhduqjQfha wd.fuz cSjs;h yd iuznJO iqjsfYaIs wjia:djka wkqidrfhks'fuu iqjsfYaIS wxY wd.usl cSjs;fhaoS b;d jeo.;a ;ekla orhs'tu iqjsfYaIS wxYkuz iudc taldnoaO;djhg ndOd muqKqjkakdjQ wNsfhda.d;aul jkakdjQ ps;a;fjz.Sh jYfhka mSvdldrS ;;ajhkah' iudch;`< we;sfjkakdjQ wd;;sh ffp;isl l,ne.Eksh ldkaidj wdoS ;;ajhka iudc cSjs;h jHdl~,;djhg m;alrkq ,nhs' fuu ;;ajhka tkuz jHdl~, ;;ajhka we;sjkakdjQ jsjsO wjia:d we; Wm; jevsjsh meusKSu jsjdyh urKh wdoS wjia:dj, yg.kakd cSjs;h ms<snZo wrAnqo fuysoS jsfYaI ;ekla .kS'ue,sfkdjqials ksrSCIKhl< wdldrhg iEu iudchlu fuz wkaoug vSjs;fha wrAnqoldrS wjia:djka jsjsO wd.usl j;ams<sfj;a jsiska jglrf.k mj;S' Tyqg wkqj urKh mqoa.,sl cSjs;fha nrm;, foordhdula we;slrkq,nhs' mqoa.,hka w;r mj;akd oevsiuznJOh ksid flfkl ushhdfuka miqj uy;a ffp;isl luzmkhla we;sfjhs urKh iuznJOfhka we;sjk fujeks jHdl~, l,lsreKq ;Fjhka wd.usl j;ams<sfj;a uZ.ska iukh lr.ka kd nj ue,sfkdjqialsg fmkSf.dia we;'

69YdrSrsl ydks is|=lsrSuz w.hlr;s'wmrdOlsrSug nshla fkdolajk w;r th ;u ixialD;sfha

wx.hla njg m;alr .ks;s'1

ixialD;sl ,e.au (Cultural Lag) hk ixl,amh fuysoS jeo.;afjz'ixialD;shliuyr wx.

bj;aj fjkiajS jrAOkhjk w;r ;j;a wx.fjkiafkdjS ta wdldrfhkau mj;Skuz t;ek we;af;a

ixialD;sl,e.auls' ixialD;sl ,e.au mj;skafka fuz wxY flfrysh'ixialD;shl ,e.au ms<snZo

isoaOdka;h bosrsm;alf,a js,shuz we\a T.anrAka (Wilium F. Ogburn) keue;s iudc jsoHdZ{hdh'fuz

wkqj T.anrA.a fuys ixialD;sl ,e.au ms<snZo ksoiqkla fn#oaO ixialD;sh weiqrska js.@y lrhs'

ixialD;sl ,e.au ms<snZo ksorAYkhla T.anrA.a jsiska fmkajdoS we;af;a wdrAh ixialD;sh fyj;a

ffjosl ixialD;sh uZ.ska fufyhjkq ,enQ n@yauK iuzm@odh;a wkdrAh fyj;a m@;sffjosl iuzm@odh

uZ.ska fufyhjkq ,enQ Y@uK iuzm@odh;a weiqrsks'wdrAh ixialD;sh Ndr;fhys ia:dms; jkafka

wkdrAh ixialD;sh Ndr;fhys ld,hla ;siafia mej;shdg miqjh tuksid wdrAhhkag wkdrAh

ixialD;sfhys huz huz ixialD;sldx. hgm;a lr ;u ixialD;sh Ndrlfhys ia:dms; lrkakg

iEfyk igkla lrkakg is|=jsh

fuz hgf;a fN#;slj yd wOHd;ausl jYfhka wkdrAhhka mrhd Tjqka uevmj;ajdf.k lghq;

lrkakg wdrAhhka W;aiy l<;a wdrAhhkag wkdrAhhkaj uqZMukskau uev meje;ajsh fkdyels jsh

iajNdjfhkau idulduS iduh b;d w.hl< wkdrAhhka f,day Ndjs;fhka wdhqO yd WmlrK

wdosfhka wdrAhhkag jvd ;dCIKh w;ska bosrsfhka isgS ixialD;shla jqj;a rgj,a wdl@uKh lruska

>d;kh ffjrh msrS tfy;a f,day Ndjs;h wdhqO yd WmlrK Ndjs;h w;ska wkdrAhhkag jvd

b;du;a fkdoshqKq ;dCIKh Ndjs;h w;ska my< ugzgul issgs wkdrAhhkag wdrAhh ixialD;sh

fN#;sl jYfhka wdl@uKh fldg uy;a jskdYhla is|=lsrSu wiSre lreKla fkdjSh 2

wfkla w;g wkdrAh ixialD;sh oshqKq k.r ie,iquzl@u jdrsudrA. l@u .ukd.uk myiqluz

jdhqiukh l< ldur iys; uy,a f.dvke.s,s oshqKq c,k, moaO;shlska iukajs; ikSmdrCIl

jeisls,s leisls,s moaO;s iys; b;du;a iqfLdamfNda.S cSjs;hla .;l< kd.rsl ixialD;shla jsh ta

lsis|= myiqlula fkd,;a wdrAh ixialD;sh ;ekska ;ekg huska rgj,a wdl@uKfhys fh|=kq .@duSh

iNH;ajh flaJ|@ lr.kakd,o fkdoshqKq ixialD;shla jsh 3miql,l wdrAhhka wkdrAhh ixialD;sh

md.df.k ish ixialD;sh oshqKq lr.ekSfuz wNs,dIfhka wkdrAh ixilD;sfhys .enzj we;a;djQ huz

huz ixialD;sldx. ish ixialD;shg wjfYdaIKh lr.;a;o wkdrAh ixialD;sfhys tajd yg.ekSug

fya;j jQ uQ<sl m@Njhka ksjeosj .@yKh lr.kakg wiu;ajSu fya;fjka tajd ixialD;sl ,e.aula

f,i osiajsks fuz fol w;r tn|= fjkila we;af;a ‘ixialD;sl ,e.au’ksidh'T.anrAka fuysoS |=gqfjz

wdrAh ixialD;sh;, wkdrAh ixialD;sldx.hkays fkd.e,fmknj jk ixialD;sl,e.au ms<snZo

b;djeo.;a ksorAYkhls'

1 udkj jsoHdfjz ,dxlSh m;`, jsksjsos fofk;"pska;l udrisxy"Ydia;@Sh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"13' 02' 2005" 58 msgqj' 2 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964" 5 msgqj' 3 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964 5-7 msgq'

70

fn#oaO ixialD;sh .ek wOHhkh lrkakdjQ mrAfhaIlhska ;j;a jeo.;a ixl,amhlajk

ixialD;sl ifudaOdkh (Cultual Intergration).ek oek.; hq;h'ixialD;shl we;<;ajk jsjsO

wxf.damdx. jk oCI;d jsYajdi weoys,s pdrs;@ jdrs;@ OrAu;d(m@;sudk) yd mqreIdrA:(idr OrAu)

prAhdjka (iodpdr yeisrSuz) wdoS fuz ish,a, ljodj;a tlsfklg fjkiaj ;ksj mej;sh hq; fkdfjz'1

tajd ixialD;sfha wjfYaI wx. iuZ. tlajkaj neZoS mj;S'fufia tnZ|= wxf.damdx. tlajkaj neZos

mej;Su ta ixialD;sfha jrAOkhg b;djeo.;ah' [email protected];uh fyda iduzm@odhsl iudcj, lvd

iuQyj,ska ta iudc iukajs;jQ ksid ixialD;sfha jsjsO wx. ukdj tlg neZoS ;snsKs'2

ixialD;sl jsirKh (Diffusion) hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ;ukag wd.ka;l ixialD;sh lska

huz huz wx. ;ukaf.a ixialD;shg meusK thg tldnoaO jkakdjQ wdldrhhs'3 jsirKh iuyrjsg

rglg b;d jdisodhl l@shdj,shla jkq we;.tx.,ka;fha ldrAusl jsma,jh jrAOkh jQfha lrAudka;

jsma,jfha wx. uq,isg w;a oel fhda.HjQ;a wfhda.HjQ;a iEu wxYhlau w;ayod ne,Sfuks' crAuksh

lrAudka; jsma,jfha idrj;a wx. tx.,ka; w;aoelSuz ;<ska f.k ;u rfgz oshqKqjg fhdod .;af;a

jsirKfha m@;sM,hla f,ih' tx.,ka;h w;ayodn,d idrA:ljqkq wx. muKla ;u rfgz lghq;

iZoyd fhdod .ekSug crAukshg yelsjsh'/,ama ,skagka keue;s udkjjsoHdZ{hd mjik wkaoug TzkEu

ixialD;shlg ishhg wkQjla wx. jsirKh ksid ,enqKq tajdh' ta ixialD;sfhau Wm; ,nd my<jk

wx. we;af;a ishhg oyhla muKh'

fn#oaO ixialD;sh .ek ys;k TzkEu wfhlg fuh fld;ruz i;Hhlaoehs jegfykq we;'bkaoshd

kq ixialD;sj,ska wmg fl;ruz wdNdIhla ,ensKso$fn#oaO ixialD;sh fnfyjskau yev.eyqfka

fn#oaO idr OrAu ;<sks' fn#oaO idr OrAu ,xldjg meusKsfha Ndr; fn#oaO ixialD;sh;<sks'

miq.sh wjqre|= fooyia mkaiSh;< wfma fn#oaO ixialD;sh Ndr; fn#oaO ixialD;sfhkq;a fjk

rgj, fn#oaO ixialD;sj,skq;a iY@slf,i fmdfydr,nd jsirKh jQ wkaou ms<snZo l;dka;rh b;d

jsps;@ cklh'4

ixialD;sl iuzmrAlh(Acculturation) kuska y|=kajk ;j;a ixl,amhla we;'5huzlsis |=rAj,

iuQyhla fyda iudchla n,j;aixialD;shl fyda iudchl n,mEu hg;g flfia fyda wdjsg n,j;a

ixialD;sfha wx. ,CIK |=rAj, ixialD;shlg n,md Bg tla fjhs'fuh ixialD;sl iuzmrAlh kuska

1 uyfmdf<dfjz h:drA:h iy fojshkaf.a iuzm@odh".`Kisrs jSriQrsh"Ydia;@Sh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"13' 02' 2005"57 msgqj' 2 AAction Theory and Human Conditions,Talcott Parsons,New York,Free Press,1978.ge,afldgz mdikaia wjOdrKh l< wkaoug fm@df;ia;ka;@ l@sia;shdks yd hqfojz hk wd.uzj,ska ,enqKq w.hka yd yrhkaf.ka wefursldkq iudch talrdYs jS we;'tu tlai;ajSu;`, wd;au jskh yd fm#oa.,slFjh ;oskau olakg we;' lf;da,sl jqj;a fm@df;ia;ka;@jqj;a hqfouzjqj;a Tjqka wefursklajdoSkah wefursldkqjdoh(Americanism) f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYH idrOrAu yd yrhka jsjsOdldrjQ wd.uz jsiska imhd oS we;' 3 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta' fyauka; l`udr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd"fld<U 1997"26 msgqj' 4 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyaf;a mZ[aZ[df,dal ysu"weuz' vS'.~Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964"72 msgqj' 5 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka'jS'cS'ta'fyauka; ludr"weia'f.dvf.a iy iud.u"fld<U"1997"28 msgqj'

71yeZoskafjz'1 jsirKfhaoS ixialD;sh huz huz foa iafjzpzPdfjka b,a,d .kshs'2 fuyssoS th ndysr

n,mEula ksid is|=fjhs' jsirKh fukau ixialD;sl iuzmrAlho is|=jkafka tla;rd wkaoul

prKhla wkqqjh' jsirKhg fyda iuzmrAlhg m;a jkakdjQ ixialD;shla wks;a ixialD;sfhka iEu

fohlau ta iZoyd f;dard fkd.kshs'3

wkdrAh ixialD;sfhka wdrAh ixialD;sh flf;la ixialD;sldx. wjfYdaIKh lr.;a;;a

wkdrAh ixialD;sl i;jQ pska;k ksoyi yd i;r n@yaujsyrKh u; mokuzjQ wjsysxidj wjfYdaI

Kh lr.;af;a ke;' ixialD;sl iuzmrAlfhaoSo mj;akd iajNdjh fuhuh |=rAj, ixialD;sldx.

iys; iudch m@n, ixialD;sldx. iys; iudcfha oshqKq;u ixialD;sldx. ,nd .kakg WkJ|=jkq

we;'m@n, fkdjk wfkla wx. f;dard.kafka huz huz uQ,OrAu wkqj jrKSh l@uhlgh' ffjosl

ixialD;sh uZ.ska m@;sffjosl ixlD;sfhys ;snqKq iuyr wx. ffjosl ixialD;shg tlalr.;a w;r

iuyr wx. w;ayer oukq ,ensks'i;r n@yau jsyrKh mdollr.;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo bka|=

ksuzk jdiSkaf.a wdl,amh fkd;el~ ffjoslfhda hd.fhys fhfouska m@dK>d;fhys ksr;fjuskau

tauZ.skau fudaCIh me;Suo fujeks is|=jSuls'4

m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh i;jQ iu:OHdk l@u Ndjs;fhka wgiuj;a Wmojd jkfhys fjfik bis

kdu fhka ffjosl iQ;@hkays lshefjk wIaGiudm;a;s ,dNS ;jqia fldgzGdYhla .eko wnqoafOda;amdo

ld,hkays mjd ;ks ;ksju jsoiqka jvd nqoaO;ajhg m;aj yqol,dj jsiQ mfianq|=jre ms<snZojo

lshefjz'5fuu mfiys nq|=jre m@;sffjosl fyj;a bka|=ksuzk ixialD;sfha fYa@IaGFjh fudkjg

lshdmdk ms<sUsnq fjz'ffjosl iQ;@hkays fndfyda fihska fujeks nq|=jre yZ|=kajd we;af;a uqks hk

kdufhks'6

fuu uqksjre wyiska .ukalrknj ffjoslhka olajdwe;af;a bjish fkdfyk BrAIHdjlska nj

tlS iZoykays .enzjk fidamdydih wkqj fmfka'wx.Sri hk fh|=u nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd jHjydr

lrk,o b;dmqrdK jpkhls'nq|=kajykafia yeZoskajSu msKsi mdrsNdIsl mohlaf,i Ndjs;dlrk fuu

jpkh ffjosl iQ;@hka ys uqksjre yeZoskajSu msKsiu jHjydrlr ;sfnz'7fuu uqksjre b;d ksyZvjQ

osjshla .;l< Y@uK fldgilanjo olajd ;sfnz' isoaOdrA: fndai;dkka jykafiaf.a Wm; is|=jk

wjia:dfjys mjd ud;dx. kue;s mfianq|=jrfhla cSjudkju jevisgSnj iZoykaj we;'fndOsiFjhka

1 The Family Among the American Aborigin:A Sociological Study,B Malinowski,London University Press,London,1913 2 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHdj m@fjzYh"tka' jS'cS' fyauka; ludr"weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"28 msgqj' 3 Magic,Science Religion and Other Essays,B Malinowski,London Unicersity Press,London, 1965 4 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964" 34 msgqj' 5 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h"n,xf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus"iuhjrAOk uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1986" 11 msgqj' 6 iD.afjzoh"flaiS iqla;h"136'uqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,duqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,duqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,duqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,d 7 The Golden Bouh:A Study Magic and Religion,Sir James George Frazer,Vol 12,London Press,London,1911-1915 ffjoslhka w:!jka fjzoh yeZoskajSu iZoyd wx.Sri hk moh mjd jHjydrhg f.k we;af;a thg .re lsrSug jvd th tla;rd whqrlska Wmydid;aulj ie,lSug nejz fmfka'tu fjzofhysu jevodhl uka;@lshkakka w:!jka hk kdufhkao wjevodhl uka;@ lshkakka wx.Sri hk mofhka yeZoskajSfuka by; olajk,o woyi ;yjqrefjz'

72jykafia Wmkanj oek.;a Wkajykafia ;ukaf.a wdhqYla;sh wjikanj oekf.k msrsksjs nj

fmd; mf;ys iZoykafjz'1

fu#k j@;h fyj;a uqksj; ffjosl iudchg m@jsYaGjQfha fulS uqksjrekaf.a wNHka;riajrEmh

ndysrska wkqqlrKh lrkakg ffjoslhka W;aiqljSu;a iuZ.h'bka|=ksuzk ixialD;sfhys .enzjkakdjQ

by; olajk ,o wdOHd;ausl oshqKqjg bjy,a jQfha Tjqka w;r m@p,s;j mej;s fu;a;d ixl,amfhys

wdNdIh Tjqka fkduZoj ,nd.;a nejsks.uqksj;2 fyj;a fu#kj@;fhys wNsjDoaOsh msKsi fu;a;d

ixl,amfhys Ndjs;dj ms<snZoj fjku yeoErSula l<hq; ;rugu th mqZM,ah.m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh

;< uqks ixl,amh jHdma;j mej;ssks. we;af;kau fuh wffjosl ixl,amhls.fuz fya;j ksidu

ffjoslfhda uqks ixl,amhg ffjrl<y.f,#lsl cSjs;hg m@shl< nuqfKda wOHd;au .fjzIKfhys

ksr;jQ uqksjrekag oafjzIl<y.

kQ;k iudch .ek l,amkdlrkjsg jdKscFjh (Commercialization) ksid is|=jk ixialD

;sl fjkiajSu flfrys fndfyda mrAfhaIlhkaf.a WkJ|=j fhduqjS ;sfnz'ngysr lrAudka;uh iudcj,

n,mEu ksid wjfYaI rgj, fuz fjki is|=jkafka h'wfma iudcfha fuz ndysr n,mEu ksid is|=jk

ixialD;sl fjkialuz l,amkdlr ne,Su jeo.;ah'3m@n, ckikaksfjzok udOHjk mqj;am; iskudj

rEmjdysksh yd fmd|= oekajSuz l@u ksid jdKscFjh wfma f.a we;,gu meusK we;'

jdKscuh yqjudreju; wo iEufohlau rZodmj;S' jdKscuh yqjudrejg uq,a;ek ,efnk jsg

wrA: l@uh iuZ. uqZM uy;a iudc l@uho jsmrAhdihg m;afjhs' w;S;fhaoS tla;rd wkaoulska fuh

is|=jknj wu;l fkd l<hq;h' pSk mrAishka .@Sl frdau wrdns msksishkajre yd ysJ|=jre jdKscuh

l@shdj,Ska uZ.ska bosrshgwd wdosu cd;Ska jQy'wo fjkilg we;af;a ta jdKscuh l@shdj,shg jvd

ikaksfjzok wdos fhka m@n, njg m;ajQ lrAudka;uh l@shdj,sh iy oshqKqjQ ;dCIKh yd iuznJO

jdKscuh ixialD;shla f,dalfha iEu rglu ixialD;Skag wNsfhda. lsrSuh'

ixialD;sh .ek l:dl< /,ama ,skagka wmg jeo.;a ixl,am;kla y|=kajd |=kafkah' jsYajuh

(Universals) ixialD;sl pdrs;@ bka m<uqjekakh.fuz pdrs;@ jsYajuhjkafka tajd f,dalfha iEu

cd;shlgu fmd|=jQksidh' B<Z.g ,skagka l:dlf<a jsl,am pdrs;@(Alernatives).ekh Y@uK ixialD

;sfhys yd n@yauK ixialD;sfhys ixialD;sl pdrs;@ i,ldne,sh yelsh'fuz wdldrfhka ixialD;sl

pdrs;@ f;dard .ekSfuka jHjydrhg ths.;kafjksj jsfYaI ixialD;sl pdrs;@ (Specialities) we;'

n@dyauK ixialD;sfhys m@dK>d;h hd.h kuska iudc.; lr;sfnz' fuz ixialD;sl pdrs;@ wxYh

Tjqkag jsfYaI jQjls.Y@uK ixialD;sfhys wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka iuZ.sfhka cSj;ajSu

wjsysxidj fu;a;d ixl,amh fyda i;rn@yau jsyrKh kuska iudc.; lr;sfnz fuz ixialD;sl

1 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h"iuhjrAOk uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1986"11 msgqj' fuu ud;dx. kue;s mfianq|=jrhkajykafia rc.ykqjr bis.s,s mjzfjys jsiQ nj;a ;ukaf.a wdhqld,h ksujSfuka miq ysuj;f;ys uydm@md; mrAj;hg jev msrsksjs nj;a iZoykafjz' 2 uydksoafoai md,s" nq' c' uq" 82 msgqj' 3 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta'fyauludr"weia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"1997" 92 msgqj'

73pdrs;@h Tjqkag iqjsfYaIS jQjls fuz wdldrfhka huzlsis jsfYaI iuQyhlaiuZ. iuznJOjQ ixialD;sl

pdrs;@hla we;akuz th jsfYaI ixialD;sl pdrs;@j,g wh;ah'1

by; oelafjk wdldrfhka ixialD;sh iuznJOfhka jsia;r lsrSug is|=jQfha idrOrAu ljrdld

rfhka ixialD;sh flfrA n,mdkq ,nkafkaoehs wjfndO jSu iZoydh'fndfydajsg idudkH jHjydrfhaoS

idrOu!o ixialD;shg iuznJOlr idrOu!"iodpdrh yd ixialD;sh hkjpk;fkka woyiajkafka

tlu wrA:hnj fndfydafokd Wml,amkh lr;s'fuzksidh ukqIHw.hkaf.a is|=jkfjkiajSu

ixialD;sfha is|=jk msrsySulaf,i Tjqkajsiska wF:!l:khlrkq ,nkafka'

fuzksid ixialD;sh yd idrOu!2 hkjpkfol iudkdrA:fhys,d fmd|= ck iudch ;< Ndjs;d

flfrA'mqrdKfha bkaoshdfjz ;snQ wkdrAh ixialD;sh bka|= ksuzk ixialD;sh f,i yeoskafjz'Tjqka

iajfoaYsl ck;djhs'Y@uK iuzm@odh mejf;kafka fulS wkdrAh ixialD;sh flaJ|@fldgf.khs'

wdl@uKslhska jYfhka neyerska meusKs msrsi jQfha wdrAh ixialD;shg wh;a ck;djhs' n@dyauK

iuzm@odh mejf;kafka fulS wdrAh ixialD;sh flaJ|@fldgf.khs'3

w;S;fhaoS wkdrAh ixialD;sh kuska yeZoskafjk iajfoaYsl ixialD;sh yd wdrAhkdufhka yeZoskafjk

jsfoaYsl ixialD;sh w;r is|=jkakdjQ .egqu ksid wkdrAh ixialD;sh hgm;aj f.dia wdrAh ixialD;sh

m@n,Fjhg m;a jsh'fuu .egqu is|=jk wjia:djjk jsg wkdrAh ixialD;sh l,dYs,am";dCIKh"

cSjkm@;smodj wdoS ixialD;s hlg wh;aiEu wx.hlau mdfya fnfyjska oshqKq;Fjhl mej;sks'4

kuq;a wdrAh ixialD;sh tys iEu ixialD;sl wx.hlskau wkdrAh ixialD;shg fojkjk ugzgulska

mej;ks'kuq;a wdrAh ixialD;sh rgj,a wdl@uKh lsrSu ;ukaf.a cSjkm@;smodj lr.;aixialD;shla

jQnejska hqoaO Yla;sh w;ska wkdrAh ixialD;shg jvd bosrsfhka isgSu Tjqkag wkdrAh ixialD;sh ish

.@yKhg k;lr.ekSug fkduZo msgsjy,lajsh'wkdrAhfhda jkdyS udkqIslFjfhkao iEu .;s.K

hlskau wdrAhhkag jvd b;d bosrsfhka isgS fnfyjska YsIaG iuzmkak ukqIHfldgzGdYhla jsh'

wkdrAh hkaf.a cSjk m@;smodj f.dvkeZ.S ;snqfKa lDIslu!h flaJ|@ fldg f.k nejska iEfyk ;ruz

jsfjslh o ,enkq nejska l,dYs,am" pska;kh fuz jk jsg f,dalfha YsIagiuzmkak wkalsis|= ixialD;sh

la w;am;a lrf.k fkdisgS ;ruz jsYd, oshqKq;;ajhlg m;ajS;snsks'5

wdrAh ixialD;sh miqnsuz lr.kakd,o n@dyauK pska;kh W;aiqljQfha usksidf.a is;Sfuz Yla;sh

fudgfldg oeuSughs'thg fya;j pska;k Yla;sh Wiia;,hlg meusKshfyd;a wksjdrAhfhkau

;ukaf.a ixialD;sh m@;sfCIamjk ;;ajhlg m;ajS ;ukaf.a idudcsl ;;ajh yd n,h ke;sjS

hknj fudjqka jgyd f.k isgSnejsks'hd.h"hZ{h yd n,sns,smQcd uZ.ska >d;kixialD;shla;<

ffjrh"iudch mx;sjYfhka fnod md,khlsrSuuZ.ska l<lsrSujmqrjuska lghq;lsrSu fudjqkaf.a

l@shdms,sfj; jsh'fuz ;;ajh ;yjqre lr.ekSu Wfoid wdjD; udislFjhlska lghq;lsrSug usksid

1 iudc jsoHdj"iqjskS;d .`Kfialr"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1994" 41 msgqj' 2 tu 58 msgqj' 3 ffjosl idys;Hh"fcA' ;s,lisrs"iSudiys; tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"1958"110 msgqj' 4 tu 126 msgqj' 5 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964"10 msgqj'

74fhduqlrjSu"ndysr wOsldrSuh n,hka1 uZ.ska pska;k ksoyi md,khlsrSu iZoyd wd.usl

b.ekajSuz fhdod.ekSu n@dyauK pska;kfha m@Odk,CIK jsh'

fuu oevs iudc urAOkldrS ;;ajh fkdbjiQ wkdrAh ixialD;sfha ksoyiapska;;hska n@dyauK

b.ekajSuz ksrAoh f,i jspdrhg ,lalrkakg jsh'fuz ld,h jkjsg tnZ|= ksoyia pska;lhska ih

fofkl Y@uK iuzm@odh ;,ska we;sjS uy;a m@isoaOshg m;ajS ;snsKs'fudjqka IgzYdia;Djre kdufhka

yeZoskajSug wm mqre|=jS isgsuq'tl, iudc ixialD;sl jd;djrKh fuz whqrska mj;soaoSh wkdrAh

ixialD;sh ;,skau Y@uK iuzm@odh ;,skau mekkeZ.kdjQ fYaIaG Ydia;Dkajykafia jk nq|=rcdKka

jykafiaf.a b.ekajSuz iudchmqrd jHdma;jS hkafka'2

wfkl;a Y@uK [email protected] b.ekajSuzfukau nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a b.ekajSuz o flaJ|@.;

jkafka ksoyiapska;kh msnsojSu yrydh'wfk;;a IgzYdia;Djreka yqfola n@dyauK b.ekajSuzj,g

jsreoaOj hdfuka muKla yd tu b.ekajSuzj, fodia oelajSfuka muKla ish lghq;a; yudrl< w;r

ta fya;jka tu wd.usl b.ekajSuz wiuzmQrAK tajdjsh'irAjiuzmQrAK cSjk m@;smodjla tauZ.ska

yZ|=kajdfkd|=ks'3

kuq;a nq|=rcdkkajykafif.a b.ekajSuz n@dyauK b.ekajSuz jsfjspkh lruska muKla fkdkej;S"

tajdg ish wrA:l:k bosrsm;a lsrSug;a"ta wrA:l:k jsoHd;aul pska;khla u; msysgdisg bosrsm;a

lsrSug;a"tjd irAj iuzmQrAKf,i yd w;sYh [email protected] ;;ajhkaf.ka hqla;j l@shdjg keZ.Sug;a"

mrsmQrAK cSjk m@;smodj la bosrsm;alsrSug;a"hk fulS ishZMlghq; idrA:l lr.ekSug Wps;

udkisl miqnsula fyj;a jsjD; udkisl ugzgula f.dvkeZ.Sug;a fhduqjS ;snsKs'4

fuz uZ.ska wdrAh ixialD;sfha .enzjQ w;sYh wudkqIsl wx.fjkia lr,Sug;a"fmd|=idrOrAuSh pska;

khlg ck;dj fhduqlrjSug;a nq|=r|=kag yelsjsh'ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska moku jefgkqfha tnZ|= idr

OrAu pska;khlghs'5we;a;jYfhkau ld,duiQ;@fhys .enzjkqfha wkdrAh pska;kfha Wiia m@cd;ka;@Sh

m@cd;ka;@Sh ,CIKhs'tfukau Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ woSk pska;k OSrFjh uQrA;su;a lrkakdjQ

udkqIsl ,CIK ld,du iQ;@h;< .enzfjz' NsCIQkajykafia,dyg iajNdjfhka WreujkakdjQ

pska;kOSrFjh ,enqfka fujeks iQ;@foaYkd Wkajykafia,d jsiska ksrka;rfhkau mrsYS,kh l<

ksidh'6

1 w. ks. iv,w;a;ldr iq;a;"nq' c' uq" 94 msgqj'udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd l:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ll:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ll:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ll:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ldfr kF:s mrldfr;s dfr kF:s mrldfr;s dfr kF:s mrldfr;s dfr kF:s mrldfr;s 2 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq't: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud t: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud t: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud t: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzm rdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs mruzm rdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs mruzm rdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs mruzm rdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .rE;srE;srE;srE;s 3 tu ld,duiQ;@h;`< oijsO wOsldrhka m@;sfCIamfhka muKla fkdkej;S mxpYS, m@;smodj ;@sjsO l`Y, yd wl`Y, uQ,hka I;r n@yau jsyrK lu!M, jsmdl ms<snZo i;rjeoE/uz kh jsNd.hla tf,dj fukau fuf,dj jYfhka udkisl iykh Wodlr.kafka flfiao"udkisl YsCIKh we;slr.ekSug;a fm#reI jO!kh msKsi ;a bjy,ajkakdjQ WmfoaYkd;aul ufkdjsYaf,aIKSh isoaOdka; yd iudc jsoHd;aul oDIaGsfldaKfhka tajd Wmfhda.sjk whqre ms<snZoj jsYd, oekquz moaO;shla wka;rA.;h' 4 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 5 tu 6 tu

75 pska;kfha ldrAhNdrh ixialD;sh osYd.; lrjSuhs'1Bg idr OrAu iodpdr yeisrSuz iudc

m@;sudk (OrAu;d) wjYH m@;H iuzm;a;sfhka Wmldr flfrA' ixialD;sh iudc ixorANh;< l@shd;au

l jkaklanejz fuz idlpzPdj wdruzNfhaoSu mejiqfjus'fn#oaO ixialD;sho tfiauh'th fn#oaO

hkqfjka jsfYaI fldgolajkafka nq|= oyfuys olajk yr moaO;shg wkqj iliajS we;s ksidh' tnejska

fn#oaO idr OrAu hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hd ;<;a iudch;<;a [email protected] m;al<

hq;hehs nqoaO foaYkdfjka fmkajd ;sfnk yr moaO;shhs'

ta yr moaO;shg wkqj cSjs;h yev.iajd .ekSu fn#oaO iodpdrhhs' tuksid idr OrAu ms<snZo

idlpzPd fjzoS fn#oaO wdpdr OrAu iuznJOlr.ekSu wksjdrAhfhkau is|=jsh hq;fjhs' fn#oaO iodpdr

OrAuhkaf.ka f;drj idrOrAu fyda fn#oaO ixialD;shla .ek l;dl< fkdyelsh'tfukau fn#oaO

idrOu! ms<snZoj idlpzPdfjzoS jsjD; udkisl iajNdjhl wka;rA.; Wmfhda.SNdjh .eko i<ld

ne,Su jeo.;ah'wdjD; ukilska i;Hh oelsh fkdyels nejsks'2

wdpdr jsoHdj fyj;a wdpdrOrAu idudkHfhka i<lkq ,nkafka udkj .;smej;uz mrudrA:

wNsm@dhhka cSjkl@u iy ixia:d hk fuzjdfhys,d lrkq,nk we.hquz ms<snZo jsurAYkhla jYfhks'

ienjskau lsishuz ck iudchl wdpdrjsoHd;aul we.hquzhkq ljfrAo$ tajd jHjydrhg m;ajwe;af;a

ukao$hklreKq fidhd nef,kqfha iudcSh jsoHdj uZ.sks' tlS jsIhhkays l@ufjzohka wkqj hdfuka

lsishuz jsfYaI ck iudchlg ixialD;sl lKavdhuzj,g wd.usl moaO;shg wh;a wdpdrOrAuh

wdkqN~;sl jYfhkaf.k yeoErsh yelsfjhs' ;j;a w;lska n,kl,ays wdpdrOrAuh hkq iodpdrd;aul

m@Z{ma;sh jYfhka wrA:h yd iodpdrd;aul we.hqu ms<snZo uskquzoZvq iuznJOfhka we;euz fmd|=m@Yakj

,g ms<s;reiemhSug h;akorK odrAYksl jsurAYk l@uhla f,io yeZoskajsh yelsh'3

odrAYksl wdpdr jsoHdj iuznJOfhka we;s m@fjzY fol w;frys fjkila iuld,Sk orAYkfhys

oelafjz' m<uq m@fjzYfha oelafjkqfha udkj l@shdjkag wh;a iodpdrd;aul we.hquz iuznJO yrs jeros

fydZo krl hq; whq; hk fuzjd w;r mj;sk uQ<sl fjkialuz ljfrAoehs yZ|=kd.ekSug h;ak

orkakdjQ m@dudKsl jsurAYk jsOshls'4

fojk m@fjzYh jkqfha wOs wdpdrOu!h kuska yZ|=kajk jsYaf,aYSh yd ;drAlslwOHhk l@uhla

i<ld ne,Sfuks.fuysoS is|=flfrkqfha iodpdrh yd iuznJO mohkays wrA: meyeos,slsrSu iodpdr

ixl,am js.@ylsrSu iy wdpdrd;aul NdIhkaj, wvx. ;drAlsl ,CIK jsia;r lsrSu iZoyd h;ak

oerSuhs'5

1 iudc jsoHdj"iqjskS;d .`Kfialr"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U" 1994" 58 msgqj' 2 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 3 ixialD;sh yd iudch"wkqrdO fifkjsr;ak"f,alayjqia bkafjiagzukagz iud.u"fld<U"1971"14-54 msgq' 4 us:Hdj jkaokdudk lrk mYapd;akQ;kjdoh"ta' vS' m'S l,iQrsh"Ydia;@Sh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;m;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 12' 2004 "57 msgqj' 5 tu

76 fn#oaO orAYkfhys tk wdpdr jsoHd;aul ixorANh ngysr odrAYkslhska jsiska bosrsm;a

lrk by;lS m@fjzYu; oevsj msysgd js.@yl< fkdyelsjqjo ta yeu oDIaGs fldKhlau wkqj

iodpdrd;aul jYfhka fnfyjska jeo.;ajQ woyia fn#oaO pska;kh;< we;,;ajk nj lsj yelshs'1

iodpdrd;aul pska;kh ms<snZo b;sydifhys nq|=oyu psria:dhsfukau w;suy;a jQ jeo.;alulska

hq; fufyhla bgql<yels pska;khla nj meyeos,sh' nq|=oyfuys wdruzNl jljdkqfjys fukau miq

ld,Sk jO!kfh ysoSo wdpdrjsoHd;aul WkJ|=j tys uq,a;ekla f.k ;sfnz' fnfyjskau fmdaIs; wre;a

nr iodpdrd;aul jpk ud,djlska ie|=uz,oaols' nq|=oyu iodpdrh ms<snZo jsYsIaG m@udKslmokula

tys we;sw;r iodpdrodY!kslhkag yd iodpdrixl,amhkaf.a jO!khflfrys wjOdkh fhduqlrk

whg w;sYhskau jeo.;a jk u;jdohkao tys we;<;afjz'2

Ndr;Sh pska;k b;sydih jsuiSfuzoS fmfkkafka iodpdrd;aul m@;sixialrKjHdmdrhl iajrEm

fhka nq|= oyu l@shdlr we;snjhs' l@s mQ 6jk ishjfiys Ndr;fhys mej;s Y@uK yd n@dyauKhk

WNh [email protected] us:HdjsYajdi j;ams<sfj;a yd hd.fydau lrkakkag tfrysj nq|=iufhys

iodpdruh jsfjzpk iDcqju t,a, jsh'3

pSk yd gsfngz uQ,dY@hkays iqrCIs;j mj;sk fjk;a fn#oaO iuzm@odhhka yd iudka;rjQ f:arjdo

.@J:dj<shg wh;a iq;@ msgldka;rA.; OrAu lreKq foi wjOdkh fhduqlrkjsg nq|=oyfuys wdpdr

jsoHd;auljk m@;sYaGdmkh lsrSu iZoyd we;s jsYajikSh uQ<dY@hla jYfhka tu Ou! lreKq ie<lsh

yelsfjz' fn#oaO wdpdrOrAu moaO;sfhys ms<s.kq ,nk uQ<sl woyia f,dalh ms<snZo fn#oaO oDIaGsh;a

h:diajNdjh ms<snZo fn#oaO kHdh;a iuZ. iuSmj neZoS mj;S'4

nq|=oyfuz ksrAfoaY flfrk cSjk ud.!h jkdyS ukqIH iajNdjh yd jsYajfhys fukau ukqIH

brKfuys iajNdjhka ms<snZojo tys ms<s.ekSu jsYajdi flfrka ygf.k we;' tla;rd wdldrhl

we.hSuzYS,S yd [email protected] lshuka fn#oaO OrAu .@J:;< we;<;afjz' tlS m@ldYk udkj l@shd yd

prAhd Ndjs;hka yd cSjs; .;siajNdjhka ;lafiarelsrSu we;euz udkisl .KOu! j.dlr .ekSu

iZoyd ksrAfoaYlsrSu iZoyd huz wdldr hl jsYsIaG cSjk ksIaGdjla lrd mqoa.,hka fhduqlsrSu yd

iuznJOh'5

fn#oaO wdpdr OrAufhys idr OrAuhkays ixorANh f.dvkZ.kq ,nkafka [email protected] lshuka

udrAfhks' nq|=oyfuz we;,;a mru ksIaGdj m@udK yd wka;rA ksIaGdjlska hq; wx. lSmhlska iZoyka

jqkq YdlaId;a lrK hlska iukajs;h hkak fn#oaO b.ekajSuhs'jsuqla;shhkq |=l fyj;a w;Dma;slr

;;ajfhka mqoa.,hd uqojd.ekSuhs'ta jf.au jsuqla;shhkq tla;rd wjfndaOhls m@;sfjzOhls'ksielju

fuz;< wdpdrjsoHd;aul jgskdluz .enzj mj;S'6

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' 2 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh" j,afmd< rdyq, ysus" fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj,"1997 51 msgqj' 3 tu 21 msgqj' 4 tu m@ia;djkdj xv-xvii msgq' 5 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh"j,afmd< rdyq, ysus"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"1997" 126 msgqj' 6 tu 25 msgqj'

77 fuys fulS m@;sfjzOh iuzudZZ{dK fyj;a ksjeros oekqu m@Z{dj h:dN~;Z{dK oiaikh

fyj;a ixialdr OrAuhkaf.a h:diajNdjh ms<snZo oekqu fyj;a m@;sfjzOhhs.fuz wjia:dj jkjsg

mqoa.,hd iodpdr mrsmQrAK Fjhg m;ajS yudrh'1

ta jkdyS ry;a mqoa.,fhlf,i yeZoskajsh yels ;;ajhg m;aflfrk mqoa., fm#reIfha

we;sjkakdjQ iodpdr mrsjrA;khla fjz'2 |=laL ksfrdaOh m@drm@dma;sh m@Z{dj ,enSu hk fuz ish,a,

iyNd.S fyj;a tljsg is|=jk isoaOSkah'nq|=oyfuys ksrAjdKdjfndaOh f,iska jsia;rlrkafka fulS

;@sjsOwx.hkaf.ka hqla; mrudrA: uh wOs.uhhs'3

fuz W;alDIaG ;;ajh YdlaId;alsrSu mokuz lrf.k nq|=iufhys ish,qu idr OrAu yd m@;sudk

f.dvkeZ.S we;' iS,"iudOs"m@Z{d"wkspzp"|=laL"wkd;au"lrAuh"fya;M,jdoh jeks uQ<sl b.ekajSuz

mokuz lrf.k fn#oaO idr OrAu yd m@;sudk f.dvkeZ.S we;snj fmfka'4

nq|=oyu iodpdrd;aul l@shd yd prAhd iZoyd we;euz l@shd udrA. ksrAfoaYlrkjd muKla fkdj

iodpdr jsksYaphka yd meKjSuz tla;rd |=rlg ;rAlkhlsrSfuys,do WkJ|=fjz' iodpdrd;aul m@Yak

iuznJOfhka jQ uQ<sl ;rAlk iajrEmhg WodyrK jYfhka bosrsm;al, yels jeo.;a ksoiqka

lSmhlau merKs iQ;@ OrAu;< olakg ,efnz fuz w;rska ld,du iQ;@h jeo.;a tlls'5

flaimq;a; .uzjeis ld,du kuska yeZoskafjk ck fldgila fj; nq|=rcdKkajykafia

jevul<jsg Tjqkaf.a m@Odk meusKs,a, jQfha ;ukafj; meusfKk fkdfhl;a Y@uK n@dyauKhska

tlsfklg yd;amiskau fjkia iodpdrd;aul Wmfoia kHdh bosrsm;a lrkq ,nk njhs' fufia

bosrsm;alrk jsixjdoS Wmfoiaj,ska ;uka ms<s.; hq;af;a ldf.a luk WmfoaYhoehs ;SrKhla

lr.; fkdyelsj wkaoukaoj isgsknj Tjqyq lshd isgshy'6

fuz .egZMj weiQ nq|=rcdKkajykafia fun|= jd;djrKhla;< Tjqkaf.a jspslspzPdj idOdrK

nj mejiQy' nq|=rcdKkajykafia mr;ka;@ jQ iodpdr ix.@yhla bj;,eug Wmfoia |=kaw;r

Tjqkaf.a ;rAl nqoaOsh weiqfrka yrs fyda jeros ;SrKh lsrSug Wmia:uzNlfjz hehs Wkajykafia is;~

iaj;ka;@ jQ iodpdr usKquz oKavla bosrsm;a lr;s'7

fuz wjia:dfjz Wka jykafia tjlg mej;s iodpdr jsksYaphka(ks.ukhka) yd iuznJO

m@;sIaGdjka 10la m@;sfCImlr;s' iodpdrd;aul yd Z{dKjsNd.d;aul oDIaGsfldaKfhka n,kjsgoS

1 u. ks. 111" uydp;a;drSxil iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 218 msgqj' iuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmdiuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmdiuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmdiuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s mfyd;s mfyd;s mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud luzuka;iaiiuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud luzuka;iaiiuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud luzuka;iaiiuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud iuzud iuzud iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s wdcSfjd mfyd;s wdcSfjd mfyd;s wdcSfjd mfyd;s …iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;siuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;siuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;siuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;s 2 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh"j,afmd< rdyq, ysus" fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"1997"60 msgqj' 3 w. ks. 1" ld,duiq;a;" fn#' iuz" ixia' 638 msgqj"" hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuhod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuhod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuhod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfu Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:yhHd:yhHd:yhHd: 4 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh" j,afmd< rdyq, ysus" fn#oO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"1997" 65 msgqj' 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' 6 ld,du Ou!h" nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus" iuhjrAOk uq|@Kd,h" 1961" 33 msgqj' 7 tu'

78fuu iQ;@fha f,dl jeo.;a lula mj;S' fuysoS Wkajykafia m@;sfCIml< m@;sIaGd 10kuz

wkqiaijh fyj;a Y@jKfhka mej;tk woyia"(ud wkqiaifjzk) mdruzmrslj mej;tk woyia"(ud

mruzmrd h) fm<fmd;a iuzm@odfhka mejf;k woyia"(ud msgliuzmodfkak) fufiajS,q hkqfjka

lgskalg mejf;k woyia"(ud b;slsrdh) ;rAlf.dapr jQ lreKq"(ud ;lal fya;) tla;rd wdldrhl

Y@e;sh fyj;a wOsldrh u; mokuzjQ Y@uKhkajykafia wmf.a .re lghq;a f;ls hkak u; nei.;a

woyia" (iufKda fkd .re) u;msgska n,dnei.kakd,o kHdhd;aul ks.uk"(ud kh fya;) fuh fuz

wdldrhhs ixl,amkslj t<eUqkq ks.uk"(ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak) NjH fyj;a is|=jshyels hehs

Wml,ams; woyia"‘iuzNdjs;dj’ hkqfjka jsoHd;aulj t<Ush yels ks.uk mjd fuhg wvxZ.h'

(ud nnzN rEm;dh) l,a;shd ;uka nei f.k isgsk oDIaGsjdohg .e,fmk woyia"(ud oDIaGskscA

COdklaL;a;shd) hk lreKq 10hs'1fulS lreKq 10 Tiafia t<Ush yelsjkakdjQ ks.uk wod< jsIh

m@ia;;h ksisf,i jsurAYkh lsrSulska f;drj wiuzmQrAK f,i t<fUk ks.uk nejska"nq|=rcdKka

jykafia by;lS lreKq 10hu if;HCIK l@shdj,sfhys ,d fkdiq|=iq nj mejiQy' ;jo if;HCIK

l@shdj,sfhys,d ;ud jsiskau yrs jeros lulaoehs ;ukau oek.;.la we;snj fuysoS nq|=rcdKka

jykafia jod<y'2

ld,dufhks usksfil;< f,daNh yg.;a l,ays f;ms lula is;jqo$th yg.kqfha Tyqf.a hym;

iZoydo iajduSkS ydksh iZoydh' ;jo ld,dufhks usksfil f,daN iy.;j f,daNfhka nrs;jQ l,ayS

m@dK>d; fkdlrhso$wkqka oE fkd.kSo$mrodr fiajkfha fkdfhfoao$uqidnia fkdlshdo$ os.l,la

wkrA:jg yd |=lg m;ajsh yels l@shdjka lrd wkHhka jqjo fkdmuKqjdo$iajduSkS" Nd.Hj;ka

jykai fyf;fuz ta ish,a, lrhs' fuysoS nq|=rcdKkajykafia oafjzYh yd fudayh iuznJOfhkao fulS

lreKq kej; olaj;s'3

fuu lreKq meyeos,s lsrSu wjidkfhaoS f,daN fodai fuday ffp;isl OrAuhka iodpdrd;aul

jYfhka ifodia .;snjo tajd |=rskau |=r,sh hq;njo ld,dufhda jgyd .ks;s'tfiau Tjqyq tu

wlY,hka kqjKe;s whjsiska jrAcs; nj;a tn|= prs; iajNdjhka f.ka fufyhjkq ,en lghq;`

lsrSu |=lg muqKqjk nj;a wjfndaO lr.ks;s' flfiaj;|= iaj;ka;@j iodpdrd;aul ks.ukhkag

t<USfuzoS nqoaOsu;ka jsiska wjYHfhkau ie<lsh hq; m@;sIaGdjla mj;sk nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia

l,amkd l<y'4

fun|= nqoaOsu;ka jsiska wkq.ukh lsrSug ;SrKh lrkq ,nk l@shdj,sh uZ.ska we;sjkakdjQ i;g

fyda fkdi;g flfrys Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;fjz'ucACOsu ksldfha ndyS;sl iy wuzn,gzGsl

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' t: ;ùzfy ld,dud udt: ;ùzfy ld,dud udt: ;ùzfy ld,dud udt: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud wkqiaifjk ud wkqiaifjk ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk udmruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk udmruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk udmruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;dcdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;dcdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;dcdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 3 tu ,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzmsmqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzmsmqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzmsmqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;swdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;swdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;swdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s 4 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfubfubfubfu Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud lì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcdlì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcdlì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcdlì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$jd;s$jd;s$jd;s$ idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;

79rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@hkag wkqj flfkl jsiska huzlsis l@shdjla yrs fyda jerosf,i ;SrKh

lsrSfuzoS"tu l@shdfjz jsmdl i;H fyda NjH jYfhka ldrlhdg fiau l@shdjg f.d|=rejk mqoa.,hd

flfryso n,mdk wdldrh ie,ls,a,g .; hq; nj wjOdrKh fldg we;'1

lsishuz l@shdjla lsrSug fmr ;uka lrkakg hk l@shdfjz iajrEmh;a bka huz huz M, jsmdlhka

lrd muqKqjkakdjQ m@jK;d ms<snZoj;a flfklg l,a;nd is;sh yelshs'fuysoS ;ukaf.a fukau

uyck;djf.ao w;aoelSuz mokuzlr.; yelsfjz'2

fya;M, kHhdhg wkqj md,kh jkakdjQ f,dlhl udkj l@shdjkao fya;M, iuznJO;djg

we;<;afjz' iajdOSk jqj;a ksh;jdos jqj;a f;dard.ekSu ms<snZo m@Yakh mfil ;snshoS iuyr l@shd;<

huz wdldrhl m@;sjsmdl yg.ekajSfuz l@usl m@jK;djla mj;sk nj oelsh yelshs'ta ksid huz

wjia:djl l@shdjla lsrSug ;SrKh lsrSug fmr tu l@shdfjka Woa.;jsh yels m@;sM,h fufkys

lrk f,i nq|=rcdKkajykafia ;u Y@djlhkag Wmfoia |=kay'3

l@shdjla lrkakg fmrd;j l@shdj lrk w;r;frAoS l@shdj ksujQ miqj hk wjia:d ;fkaoS thska

Woa.; jshyels M,jsmdl ms<snZoj iqmrSCIdldrS jSug W.kajdwe;' mqoa.,hd lrk l@shdj Tyqg;a

furudg;a WNh mCIhgu;a ydkslr m@;sM, Wod lrkjdkuzzzz th wlY, l@shdjla hehs fm#reIh

ySk lrk l@shdjla hehs ;SrKh l<hq;fjz' uSg m@;smCIj ;uka lrk l@shdj ;ukag;a furudg;a

WNh mdrAYjhgu;a bIaG m@;sM, Wodlrk tlla kuz ta lY,lrAuhla yegshg;a 4 fm#reIhjO!kh

lrkakla yegshg;a ;SrKhl< yelsfjz' by;ksoiqk uZ.ska meye os,sj fmkShk lreKla kuz

iodpdrd;aul m@ixidj hqla;shqla; nj oela jSfuzoS tys m@;sjsmdl .ek ie,lSu wjYHnj fmkajd

fohs'ta ksid iodpdrd;aul ;rAlkfha oS fn#oaO wdpdr OrAuh m@;sM,d;auljdoS wdl,amhg wkql~,jk

nj lsjyels hehs uydpdrAh mS nS fm@auisrs iZoyka lrhs'

fn#oaO m@;sM,d;auljdoS wdl,amh jsiska l,hq; yd fkdl,hq; lulaoehs ;SrKh lsrSfuzoS

l@shdfjz CIKslnj fukau os. ld,Sk m@;sM, flfryso wjOdkh fhduqflfrA'jsfYaIfhka mqoa.,

l@shdjka tys lu!M, wkqj w.hk ;ekaysoS ta iZoyd ydkslr fkdjshyels wkaouflfrys

nq|=rcdKkajykafia ishwjOdkh fhduq lr;s'5

1 u. ks. 11wuzngzGsld rdyqf,dajdo iq;a; nq c uq 132 msgqj hfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfudhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfudhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfudhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfud wfydis wfydis wfydis wfydis ;foj f;l;foj f;l;foj f;l;foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu ldhdh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu ldhdh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu ldhdh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu ldh luzux luzux luzux luzux w;laldjHdndOdhmsw;laldjHdndOdhmsw;laldjHdndOdhmsw;laldjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixj;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlÌ,xixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixj;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlÌ,xixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixj;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlÌ,xixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixj;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlÌ,x boc ldhboc ldhboc ldhboc ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxluzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxluzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxluzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlx 2 w. ks. 1 wdOsmf;hH iq;a; n# iuz ixia 534 msgqj k;a:k;a:k;a:k;a:s f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;ds f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;ds f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;ds f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;d w;`;dw;`;dw;`;dw;`;d ffff; ; ; ; mqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqidmqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqidmqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqidmqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqid 3 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 377-343 msgq ;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud lì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;dlì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;dlì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;dlì,djd wli,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jd jd jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; 4 w. ks. 1 wdOsmf;hH iq;a; fn# iuz ixia 530 msgqj wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wOsm;sx wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wOsm;sx wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wOsm;sx wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wOsm;sx lrsFjdwlì,x mcy;s lì,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s lrsFjdwlì,x mcy;s lì,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s lrsFjdwlì,x mcy;s lì,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s lrsFjdwlì,x mcy;s lì,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s NslaLfj w;aNslaLfj w;aNslaLfj w;aNslaLfj w;a;dOsmf;hHx ;dOsmf;hHx ;dOsmf;hHx ;dOsmf;hHx 5 w. ks. 1 wdOsmf;hH iq;a; fn# iuz ixia 528 msgqj ;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;udks;SKs$ ;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;udks;SKs$ ;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;udks;SKs$ ;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;udks;SKs$ w;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHxw;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHxw;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHxw;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHx

80 f;fuz ;udg fodIdfrdamKhlrk wdldrfha l@shdjkaysfhoSu(wF:dms wF:dkxwF:dms wF:dkxwF:dms wF:dkxwF:dms wF:dkx Wmjo;sWmjo;sWmjo;sWmjo;s) fuh

ngysr oY!kfha l;dlrk iodpdrd;aul yDoh YdCIshg iudkh'fuysoS wmf.a wjOdkhg fhduq

jshhq; ;j;a jeo.;a nqoaO foaYkdjla we;'“kF:s f,dfl rfyd kdu mdmluzux mlnzn;s wF:d;s

mqrsi cdkdNs ipzpx hosjd uqid”( mskaj; Tn oek.kak uu lrmq foa we;a;o fndreo lsh,d)'1

huzlsis mqoa.,fhl ;ukacSj;ajk iudcfha kqjKe;a;kaf.a .rANdjg,lajk huz l@shdjla

lrhskuz (wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .ryx;ryx;ryx;ryx;s);u iudch;<u Tyq ms<sl<g ,lafjz lrKSh iQ;@fhyso fuz

woyiu oelafjz (jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)(jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)(jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)(jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)'

;jo huziudchl iodpdrd;auljYfhka.rAys;jQl@shd ;ykuzflfrk kS;s rS;so tajd lvlsrSug

jsreoaOj iuzu;jQ ovqjuz moaO;shlao ;snsh yelsh' tfy;a tn|= [email protected] jsmdl uZ.ska we;sjk

idrAj;@sl nj;a fkdfmfka' we;euz iqjsfYaI prAhdjkaysoS idjoHnj ms<snZo yeZ.Suz ksh;ju yg

fkd.kakg bv ;sfnz' huz jrola lsrSfuzoS flfkl;< jro ms<snZo yeZ.Sfuka fm,Su fyda f;fuz ;udg

fodaIdfrdamKhla lr.ekSu fnfyjska rZod mj;skafka flfkl ork iodpdrckl wdl,amh u;hs'

fuh idudcsl ffk;sl m@foaYhg wod,h'

fuu wjia:dfjzoS wx.;a;r ksldfha ;sl ksmd;fha iZoyka lrk wdOsmf;hH Ou! ;k ms<snZojo

wjOdk fhka ie,ls,a, fhduqlsrSu jeo.;ah' fuu wdOsmf;hH Ou! ;kkuz

w;a;dOsmf;hH"f,daldOsmf;hH yd Ouzud Osmf;hH hkakhs'2

fuuwdOsmf;hH Ou!;k fn#oaO idr OrAuhkaf.a moku yegshg ms<s.; yelsfjz'iodpdrd;aul

l@shd weZ.hSug ,lalsrSfuzoSo fuzTiafia lreKq i,ldnef,a'3yeu iudchlau yeu kS;smoaO;shlau tlu

wdldrfha ls@hdj tlu f,iska fy,dolskafka fyda tajdg tlu wkaouska oZvqjuz kshu lrkafka fyda

ke;'nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska wli, jYfhka i,lk ,o we;euz l@shdjka idjoHhehs fkdi,lkakd

jQ ck iudc mj;sknj wmg is;d.; yelshs'tfyhska tn|= iudcj, ta l@shdj,g n,mdk ffk;sl

iajrEmfha fyda iudc.rAys; iajrEmfha fyda oZvqjuz fkdfhfokq we;'

flfiaj;|= nq|=rcdKkajykafia wjOdkh fhduqlrk ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla we;'thkuz f,dal

iuzu;h u;fkdj iajNdjOrAufha olakgwe;s fya;M, kHdh hkau; mokuzjQ kHdhu OrAuhka f,i

i,lk lreKqh' fuhska woyia lrkafka fjklsisjlaa fkdj lrAu kHdhhuhs' nq|=oyug wkqj

mqoa.,hdf.a u;Njhg mjd n,mdk lrAuh yd tys M,jsmdl w;r iuznJOhla we;'4

foajjdoS wd.uzj, mru fojsfhl jsiska ksrAus; yd md,s; jsYajfha h:d ms<sfj< ms<s.kakd mrsosu

nq|= oyfuys lrAujsmdlh uZ.ska md,kh ijsZ{dkl meje;aul h:d mgsmdgshla we;ehs ms<s.efka'5

1 tu 534 msgqj 2 tu 528 msgqj 3 tu 4 w. ks. iv ksnzfnzOsl iq;a; nq c uq 208 msgqj l;fudp NslaLfj luzudkl;fudp NslaLfj luzudkl;fudp NslaLfj luzudkl;fudp NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid NslaLfj x ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid NslaLfj x ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid NslaLfj x ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjdluzudkx ksodk iuzNfjdluzudkx ksodk iuzNfjdluzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd 5 w. ks. iv ksnzfnzOsl iq;a; nq c uq 208 msgqj fpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzuxfpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzuxfpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzuxfpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzux lfrd;s lfrd;s lfrd;s lfrd;s ldfhk jdpdh ukidldfhk jdpdh ukidldfhk jdpdh ukidldfhk jdpdh ukid

81fuh h:d N~;fhys iajNdjh ms<snZoj fn#oaO ms<s.ekSuls' iodpdr jsfYaI;d oelajSfuzoS nq|=oyu

prAhdfjz m@;sM,j,g m@uqLia:dkh foknj l,skao iZoyka lf<uq'

nq|=oyfuys iZoykajk mqkrANj iuznJO b.ekajSu yd jsYajdih mqoa.,hdf.a iodpdrd;aul

yeisrSuz osrs.ekajSu iZoyd jeo.;afjz'tfia jkafka lula ksido usksia yeisrSuzj, jevs fldgila

wd;audrA:h uZ.ska jsksYaphjk fyhsks' urKskau; huz wdldrhl meje;aula ke;hk WpzfPAojdoS

woyi nq|=oyu jsiska i,lkq ,nka fka mqoa.,hdf.a iodpdr cSjs;h j.lSuz rys; iajNdjhlg

m;alsrSug ;vqfokakla yegshghs'1 mqoa., l@shdjl jgskdlu wkqj ;SrKh lsrSfuzoS nq|=oyu jeo.;a

lreKq folla flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjhs'

1 wfmaCIs; l@shdj iDcqj fyda jl@j ksjk yd iuznJOjkafkao yd th flfklf.a ixidrsl

meje;afuz;;ajh wNsjO!kh lrkafkao hkakhs'2 fn#oaO wdpdr Ou!hlu!h yd ms<snZo b.ekajSu yd

iuznJOjkafka uskafojeks lreK wkqjhs.lu!ho fuysoS mokuz lr.kS'

2 mqoa., yd f,dal iajNdjh ms<snZoj iduzm@odhsl u;s u;dka;r m@;sfCIamlrk nq|=oyu ta fjkqjg

mgspzp iuqmamdo Ou!h3 fyj;a fya;M,jdoh bosrsm;alrhs'

usksia j.!hdf.a talSh Ndjh;a usksidf.a iajdOSk;;ajh;a pska;k ksoyi;a nq|=oyuska ;yjqre

flfrA'mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r mj;sk wfkHdkH neZoSuzyd n,mEuz biau; fldg fmkajk nq|=oyu

mqoa., wNsjDoaOshg iudch;a iudc wNsjDoaOshg mqoa.,hd;a wfkHdkH jYfhka n,mdk wkaou

WmldrSjk wdldrh jsoyd olajhs'taksid mqoa., iudc WNhmdrAYjfhau iudk wNsjDoaOshg fhd.H

jk wdldrfha idr OrAu moaO;shla ilialsrSug nq|=oyu uZ.fmkajhs'

rd. oafjzI fuday hk mqoa., fm@arK ;fkka usksid fufyhjkq ,enqjo usksid iajpzPJo;dj

fhka hq; nj nq|=oyu fmkajdfohs' jsl,am follska fyda jevs .Kklska tlla f;dard .ekSugo

fydZo krl f;dard fnzrd .ekSugo usksidg yelshdj we;hk mokuu; nq|=oyu msysgdmj;S' usksid

f.a iajdOSkFjh;a pska;k ksoyi;a ms<s.ekSu uZ.ska fuz moku jvd;a wjOdrKhfldg nq|=oyu

olajdisgS'4

1 u. ks. 11 ud,qxlH mq;a; iq;a; nq c uq 158 msgqj kF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jkF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jkF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jkF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jF:s iqlgF:s iqlgF:s iqlgF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx |=lalgdkx |=lalgdkx |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dfld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d Uzmmdl;sld luzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dfld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d Uzmmdl;sld luzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dfld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d Uzmmdl;sld luzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dfld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d Uzmmdl;sld kF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx ihxkF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx ihxkF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx ihxkF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d wNsZ[aZ[d wNsZ[aZ[d wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;ipzPslFjd mfjoka;ipzPslFjd mfjoka;ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s 2 i. ks. 11 k.r iq;a; nq c uq 166 tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKZ[acix mqrdKZ[acix mqrdKZ[acix mqrdKZ[acix mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d 3 u. ks. 1 uyd;Kayd ixLh iq;a; nq c uq 616 msgqj wjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdrwjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdrwjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdrwjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ksfrdfOd ksfrdfOd ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOdixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOdixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOdixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOd…… .cd;s cd;s cd;s cd;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s 4 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq'c' uq'337-338 msgq hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cfhhHd: cfhhHd: cfhhHd: cfhhHd: bfu Ouzud wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh bfu Ouzud wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh bfu Ouzud wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh bfu Ouzud wlÌ,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:

82 iajpzPJo;djla fkdue;skuz usksidg |=lska usZoSug iirska tf;rjSug yelshdjla ,efnkafka

ke;' fn#oaO idrOu! f;dard fnzrd .ekSfuzoS usksidi; fuzyelshdj Wmfhda.Slr .ekSug nq|=oyu

wkqn,fohs' fn#oaO idrOu! .ek yZ|=kd.ekSfuzoS tys moku .ek jsuiSu msKsi Wmfhda.Slr.;hq;`

uskquzoZvq nq|=oyfuz bosrsm;a flfrA'1

wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@fha fuz .ek idlpzPd flfrknj uSg by;o idlpzPdfldg we;'ta

wkqj fn#oaO idr OrAuj,g moku jS we;af;a li,dli, ixl,amhhs';ud we;ZM ishZM fokdgu

hym; msKsi fya;jk foh muKla fn#oaOidr Ou! jYfhka i,lkafka tys oelafjk ksrAKdhl

j,g wkqjh'2

mqoa.,hdg hym; whym; lulaoehs f;dard fnzrd .ekSfuzoS w;S; w;aoelSuz mqrAjdorAY wdosh

Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsfjz' uSg wu;rj ;j;a huz huz idOl fuz iZoyd bjy,afldg .;yelsh'

tfy;a fuz w;r wu;r lsis|= idOlhlg jy,a jS hym; whym; jsksYaph fkdl<hq;nj ld,du

iQ;@fhaoS biau;fldg we;swkaou fuysoS isysm;alr .ekSu jeo.;afjz'ld,du iQ;@fhaoS fm#oa.,slju

iaffjrSj fuu ks.ukhg mqoa.,hdg t<eUsh yelsnj wjOdrKh fldgwe;'3

fuu mqZM,a [email protected] uskquzoZvq Wmfhda.Sfldg f.k idr OrAu jsksYaphlrk nq|=oyu mqoa.,

wNsjDoaOshg iudc m@.;shg iuia; [email protected] hym;g fya;jkakdjQ idr OrAu rdYshla ms<s.kS'

mkais,aj, wka;rA.;j ;sfnkafka tn|= idrOrAu myls.m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu uQ<sl idr OrAuhls

lsis|= m@dKsfhl >d;kh fkdl< hq;h hkak fn#oaO b.ekajSuhs'4

lsishuz fjk;a iuhjdohlska fuu OrAuh W.kajkjdkuz ;ukajykafiaf.a wkque;sh Bg

,efnknj Wkajykafia olajd isgs;s' wkai; foh fkd.ekSu iduhg iqyo;djlg wfkHdkH

iyfhda.hg fnfyjska Wmldrjk idr OrAuhls'

;kafjks is,amohg mokuzjS ;sfnkafka iudc cSjs;fha lvdu tallh jk mjq,a cSjs;h idulduSj

ia:sridrj mj;ajdf.khdug Wmldrjk idrOrAuhls'uqidnia fovSu wdosfhka je<lSu;a u;a|@jH

Ndjs;hg f.d|=re fkdjSu;a mqoa.,hd yd iudc h w;r fukau m@.;shg bjy,ajk idr OrAufhdah'

mqoa., prAhdj yd neZ|=kq fiiq wxYj,g n,mdk fn#oaO idr OrAu rdYshla we;'

1 tu' t: ;ùzfy ld,dud udt: ;ùzfy ld,dud udt: ;ùzfy ld,dud udt: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhwkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhwkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhwkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal fy;` ud ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal fy;` ud ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal fy;` ud ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal fy;` ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;skhfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;skhfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;skhfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s 2 u. ks. 11"wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 132 msgq'hfojhfojhfojhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfudFjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfudFjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfudFjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfud wfydis wfydis wfydis wfydis ;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh luzux luzux luzux luzux w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh jHdndOdh ms w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh jHdndOdh ms w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh jHdndOdh ms w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh jHdndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlx 3 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq'c' uq'337-343 msgq hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: hod ;ùzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: nfuz Ouzud wli,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;dnfuz Ouzud wli,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;dnfuz Ouzud wli,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;dnfuz Ouzud wli,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoska kd wys;dh kd wys;dh kd wys;dh kd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:…t: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh t: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh t: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh t: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh …….bfuz Ouzud lÌ,dbfuz Ouzud lÌ,dbfuz Ouzud lÌ,dbfuz Ouzud lÌ,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 4 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c'uq'337-343 msgq mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud f;d mmkdhx ld,dud f;d mmkdhx ld,dud f;d mmkdhx ld,dud f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;srshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;srshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;srshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s….|=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafiak |=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafiak |=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafiak |=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafiak wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;swNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;swNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;swNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s…..uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wNsN~f;d uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wNsN~f;d uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wNsN~f;d uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s

83

l,dfCI;@h yd iuznJOj idrOrAu f.kne,qj;a ridiajdoh yd iuznJO idrOrAu f.kne,qj;a

meyeos,sj fmfkkafka fuz ishZMu wxYhkays idrOrAu by;ska oelajQ kHdhd;aul uskquzoKavg wkqj

ieZ.jS we;s njhs'

l,dj uZ.ska flfrkafka mqoa.,hd hym;g fhduqlrjSuhs'mqoa., ika;dkh wmjs;@lrk

wd;audrA:lduS nj fl@daOh oafjzYh rd.h ;kSfldg mrdrA:h ohdj lreKdj WfmaCIdj

mqoa.,hd;< we;slrjSuhs'fn#oaO idrOrAu uZ.ska ridiajdo kh oshqqqKqflfrkafka OdrAusl jsfkdaohla

myka ixfjz.hla Nla;sjsZoSug bv ie,eiajSuhs' wdrA:sl fCIa;@hg n,mdk idrOrAu jqjo

l@shd;auljkafka mqoa., yd iudc iqNisoaOsh we;sfldg mqoa.,hd yd iudch iqLs; uqos; lsrSuhs'

plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;@h l~goka; iQ;@h fuz nj ukdj meyeos,s lrhs' irAj idOdrK wdrA:sl

l@uhla nsys fldg cd;sl Okh yd ksIamdokh ishZMfokd w;r fnoS hkmrsos wdrA:slh yev.eiajSug

;a iQrdlEu j<lajd Y@udNsudkh we;sfldg Y@uhg kshu we.hqula ,ndoSug;a fn#oaO idrOrAu

bjy,ajk nj b;d meyeos,s fjz'1

fn#oaO wdpdr OrAu ish,a,la iZoyd mdol jkafka fuz idr OrAuh fuz idrOrAu wdpdr OrAuhkaf.a

o< fmd|= iajrEmhhs'tu fmd|=ixl,am meyeos,sfldg js.@yfldg l@shdjg kefZ.k whqre keZ.shhq;`

whqre oelajSu yeZoskafjkafka wdpdr OrAu hkqfjks idr OrAu fmd|= uQ<sl iajrEmhhs'wdpdr OrAu tys

jsldYs; mqZM,a iajrEm hhs'wfkla w;g idrOu! ps;a; ixl,am f,i;a wdpdr Ou! tys iudc jsoHd;au

l iajrEmh f,i;a js.@ylrkakg ms<sjk'fuysoS idrOu! yd wdpdr Ou!hkaf.a we;s wfkHdkH

inZo;dfjzz ijrEmh iudc jsldYfhaoS w;sYhskau bjy,a jkakla njg m;afjz'idudkHfhka TzkEu

iudchla jsldYh jSfuzoS m<uqfjkau mtsjrA;khg ,lajkqfha idrOu! ixl,amka fjhs'

WodyrKhla jYfhka .;fyd;a jevsysgshkag ie,lSu W;uz .Khls'hkfuh fn#oaO idr

OrAuhls' jevsysgsfhda kuz ljryqo$ Tjqkag ie,lSu flfia l<hq;o$ie<lsh hq;af;a wehs$wdosh ms<snZo

jsia;r whs;s jkafka wdpdr OrAu .Khghs fydZo us;rka weiqrelsrSu hym;s hkak idr OrAuhls'

fydZo us;rkaf.a ,CIK krl us;rkaf.ka Tjqka fjka lr.kakd wkaou fydZo us;rka weiqre

lsrSfuka ,nk m@;sM, wdosh b;d ishquzf,i js.@yfldg meyeos,slsrSfuka idr OrAuh wdpdr OrAuhla

njg m;alr.kq ,efnz' mqoa., cSjs;h fukau iudc cSjs;ho idrA:l lr.ekSug iycSjkfhka

lghq;lr .ekSug fujeks kHdhd;aul OrAuhla uZ.ska Wmfoia wjYHh'

tu ldrAhh flfrkafka idrOrAu uZ.sks' tfyhska cSjs;h yev.iajd.kakg idrOrAu yZ|=kdf.k

lghq; lsrSu b;du jeo.;ah'jsfYaIfhkau ffoksl cSjs;fhaoS uqyqKmdkakgis|=jk fkdfhl;a m@Yak

1 oS. ks. 111"plalj;a;s iSykdo iq;a;"nq'c'uq'110-102 msgq mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx ldfuiq mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx ldfuiq mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx ldfuiq mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx ldfuiq uspzPd k prs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;suspzPd k prs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;suspzPd k prs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;suspzPd k prs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;s

84ksrdlrKhlr .ekSug fn#oaO idrOrAu Wmfhda.Slr .;yelsh' WodyrKhla jYfhka

.;fyd;a ;ukag .e<fmk nsrshla fidhd.ekSug ;uka w.hk idr OrAu uZ.ska uZ. fmkajSula

,ensh hq;h'1

we;a;jYfhka u jsjyjSug wfmaCIdlrk fofofkl fn#oaOhska jYfhka l<hq;af;a fofokdjsiska

w.hk idrOrAu .e<fmaohkak fidhdne,Suhs fuz w;ska i<ldnef,kl< fn#oaO idr OrAu yZ|=kd

.ekSu idr OrAu j,g fhda.H;dj hym;anj f;dard fnzrd .ekSu ta iZoyd WmldrSjk nj fn#oaO

ksrAKdhl fyj;a usKquzoZvq yZ|=kd.ekSu msKsi b;d wjYHnj meyeos,s fjz'

fn#oaO idrOu! ms,snZoj idlpzPdlrk jsg fndfyda nyq,j lshefjk ixl,amhla jkqfha mqZ[aZ[

iy li, ixl,amhhs'2fuys mqZ[aZ[ hkak idudkHjHjydrfhaoS msk hkqfjkao yeZoskafjz'fndfydafokd

is;kafka msk ke;skuz mqZ[aZ[h ms<snZoj yd lY,h ms<snZoj3 js.@yjqkq iQ;@foaYkdfjka fjka jYfhka

;@smsglh;< wka;rA .; jknjhs'tfia fyhska hfula mqZ[aZ[h yd li,h .ek iZoyka lsrSfuysoS

wjYHfhkau tu iQ;@ foaYkd muKlau Bg wod< lr.; hq;h hk u;hoevsj or;s' ux.,iQ;@h"

ji,iQ;@h"jH.a>mcAciQ;@h" isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h"wKkiQ;@h"mrdNjiQ;@h"lrKShfu;a;iQ;@h"

fu;a;dksixiiQ;@h jeks iQ;@foaYkd taiZoyd l,a;nd iQodkuzfldg ;ndf.k isgs;s'tf,iu wNS;j

is;Sug Wmfoia|=ka iQ;@foaYkdjlaf,i ld,duiQ;@ho iQodkuz fldg ;ndf.k isgskjd jskd bka

mrsndysrjQ wfkla hula ld,duiQ;@fhys wvx.o keoao hkak.ek oek.ekSugj;a Wkka|=fkdfj;s'

tnejska ta ;;ajh hgf;a hfula ld,duiQ;@fhka js.@yjkakdjQ mqZ[aZ[ yd li, ixl,am4 ms,snZo

Tng isf;kafka lulaoehs jsuiqfjd;a wksjdrAfhkau tawh lshkafka ld,du iQ;@fhys tnkaola

jsia;rlr fkdue;s njhs'ld,du iQ;@hys tu jpk ta wdldrfhkau fkdue;snj we;a;ls'kuq;a

nq|=kajykafiaf.a we;euz foaYkdjka msrslaiQl< huzlsisfohla jHxckjYfhka fkdmjidwrA:jYfhka

th jsYf,aIKhlr we;s wjia:djka nyq, jYfhka oel.; yelsjkq we;'ld,du iQ;@h uekjska

msrslaid ne,qjfyd;a tys wka;rA.; jkqfha uqZMukskau fn#oaO lY, ms<sfj; nj TzkEu flfklg

meyeos,sfjz'fn#oaO lY, ms<sfjf;ys olakg ,efnkakdjQ jsfYaI ,CIKh jQ l,S tu lY, msMsfj;

uq, ueo w. jYfhka ukdj foaYs;njhs fuu .e<mSu uQ<sl fn#oaO kHdh jQ p;rdrAh i;Hh ;,u

wka;rA.;h' TzkEu nqoaO foaYkdjla p;rdrAh i;Hfhys md ix.@y fldg oelajsh yelaf;a ta ksidh'

ld,dui Q;@hg fulS ;;ajh fmd|=h'ld,dui Q;@fhys oelafjk b.ekafjk b.ekajSuz tlska tl

m@fjzYfuka js.#yfldg ne,qjfyd;a ta yeu m@ua;;hlau uqZMukskau p;rdrAh i;Hfhka mrsndysr

fkdjk nj oel.; yelsh'

ld,duiQ;@h pska;kh flaJ|@.; fldgf.k foaYkdlrw;snj we;a;h'kuq;a pska;kh flaJ|@.;

fldg.;a b;d jsYd, idrOu! moaO;shlao fuz;< wvx.h'jsYd, jYfhka wdpdrOu! wvx.h'fuz

1 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' vS' c'ta' fyauka; lùdr"weia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd"fld<U" 1997"67 msgqj' 2 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cfkhHd: hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cfkhHd: hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cfkhHd: hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s 3 tu 4 tu

85wdldrfhkau ld,du iQ;@h;< mqZ[aZ[ yd li, ixl,amh wka;rA.;h'li,uQ, yd wli,uQ,

ms<snZoj fuys iDcqju oelafjz'fydZo"fkdfydZo"lu!M,"jsmdl"msk mqZ[a[h"mj ms<snZoj iZoykafjzz'

mxpYS, m@;smodj yd i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdj ms<snZoj b;d oSrA> yd .eUqre kHdhdkQl~,

jsYaf,aIKhka wvx.fjz'fuz ishZM foa li, yd mqZ[aZ[ ixl,amhg wka;rA.;jk lreKqh'ld,du

iQ;@h;, wvx. lreKq jrA.SlrK l@shdj,shlg ,lal<fyd;a tajd my; oelafjk m@Odk fldgia

;kg yd p;rdrAh i;Hhh hg;g ix.Dys;jk nj oel.; yelsh'tkuz

1 w;ay<hq; ksfYaOkSh m@ia;;hka 1

2 jevshhq; m@;scdkkSh m@ia;;hka 2

3 iuia; l@shdj,sfhys wjidk m@;sM,h f,ihs 3

1 w;ay<hq; ksfYaOkSh m@ia;;hka- fuz hg;g wh;ajkakdjQ ixl,amka jkdyS neyerlsrSfuka

flfkl;< pska;kuh mrsfYdaOkhla we;sjkakdjQ lreKqh' tajd my; iZoyka mrsos ix.@y fldg

oelajSug yelshdj we; tkuz

1 oi jeoEreuz wka;.duS pska;k wOsldrhka (Negative Ten Othoraties) 4

2 miamjq 5

3 f;jeoEreuz wlY,uQ,hka 6

2 jevshhq; m@;scdkkSh m@ia;;hka-jevsh hq; hkafkys wrA:h kuz ;ukaf.a is;;< jO!kh l<

hq;jQ lY,Ou!hkah'fuu lY, Ou!hka jO!kh lsrSu ksid udkisl m@Ndiajrh u;lr.; yelsh'is;

W;am;a;sfhkau mrsrsis|=nj;a neyerska tk wlY, ps;a; ixl,amhka ksid lsZMgg m;ajk nj

nq|=iufhys iZoyka jkafkah'isf;ys we;sjkakdjQ m@Ndiajr ;;ajhg fy;jkakdjQ lreKq fudkjd

oehs oelajSu fuhg wh;ah' fuz hg;g wh;ajkakdjQ lreKq my; iZoyka mrsos ix.@y fldg

oelajSug yelshdj we; tkuz

1 jsjD; mrsis|= m@Ndiajr udkisl wjOsNdjh 7

2 mxpYS, m@;smodj 8

3 i;r n@yaujsyrK 9

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakdbfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakdbfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakdbfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd: 2 tu bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 3 tu wkjcAcwkjcAcwkjcAcwkjcAcd Nkaf;d Nkaf;d Nkaf;d Nkaf;…jsZ[aZC|+miF:d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+miF:d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+miF:d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+miF:d Nkaf;….iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fyF: fyd;S;sfkd fyF: fyd;S;sfkd fyF: fyd;S;sfkd fyF: fyd;S;s…i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajxwixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajxwixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajxwixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.f;djsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.f;djsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.f;djsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.f;d fydka;sfydka;sfydka;sfydka;s 4 tu ta: ;ùzfyta: ;ùzfyta: ;ùzfyta: ;ùzfy ld,dudld,dudld,dudld,dud…wkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzk…mruzmrdhmruzmrdhmruzmrdhmruzmrdh…b;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdh…msgl iuzmodfkakmsgl iuzmodfkakmsgl iuzmodfkakmsgl iuzmodfkak…;lalfya;`;lalfya;`;lalfya;`;lalfya;`… kh kh kh kh fya; fya; fya; fya; ….wdldr mrsjss;laflkwdldr mrsjss;laflkwdldr mrsjss;laflkwdldr mrsjss;laflk…..osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd….NnznrEm;dhNnznrEm;dhNnznrEm;dhNnznrEm;dh…..iufKda fkd .rE;siufKda fkd .rE;siufKda fkd .rE;siufKda fkd .rE;s 5 tu …mrshdoskak ps;af;d mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqmrshdoskak ps;af;d mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqmrshdoskak ps;af;d mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqmrshdoskak ps;af;d mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzmsidms NK;s mruzmsidms NK;s mruzmsidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s 6 tu mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNkmq.a.f,d f,dafNkmq.a.f,d f,dafNkmq.a.f,d f,dafNk… .fodafikfodafikfodafikfodafik….fudafyakfudafyakfudafyakfudafyak… wNsN~f;d mrshdoskak ps;af;dwNsN~f;d mrshdoskak ps;af;dwNsN~f;d mrshdoskak ps;af;dwNsN~f;d mrshdoskak ps;af;d 7 tu 'ta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; udta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; udta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; udta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; ud khfyakhfyakhfyakhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd .rE;s hod ;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd .rE;s hod ;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd .rE;s hod ;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuzOuzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+miF:d bfuz ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuzOuzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+miF:d bfuz ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuzOuzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+miF:d bfuz ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuzOuzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+miF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyrhHd: miuzmcAc jsyrhHd: miuzmcAc jsyrhHd: miuzmcAc jsyrhHd: 8 tu ..fku mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s fku mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s fku mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s fku mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;shx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;shx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;shx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 9 tu i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfcd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkd i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfcd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkd i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfcd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkd i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfcd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;diym;siaif;d fu;a;diym;siaif;d fu;a;diym;siaif;d fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id .f;ak fpz;id .f;ak fpz;id .f;ak fpz;id ..fmfmfmfm…lreKdiy.f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy.f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy.f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak

86 4 f;jeoEreuz lY,uQ,hka 1

5 p;rdrAh i;Hh 2

3 iuia; l@shdj,fhys wjidk m@;sM,h- fuz hg;g wh;ajkakdjQ lreKq my; iZoyka mrsos

ix.@yfldg oelajSug yelshdj we;' tkuz

1 wdOHd;ausl yd iudcsl fm#reIFjh jO!kh lsrSu-

1 wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ;udf.a ys;iqj msKsi mej;Su 3

2 wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ksid kqjKe;shkaf.a m@ixYdjg NdckhjSu 4

2 iqL iy.; wdkQN~;sl ksIaGdjlg meusKSu-

1 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj mrf,dj ,nk iekiSu 5

2 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl ke; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj ,nk iekiSu 6

3 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk iekiSu 7

4 lu!M, jsmdl we; ke; hk kHdfhka neyerj TzkEu ;;ajhla;,oS ,nk iekiSu 8

ld,duiQ;@h;< kdusl jYfhka fkdj wka;rA.;fhys yrh;< p;rdrAh i;HfoaYkdjo .enz

fjz'TzkEu nqoaO foaYkdjla p;rdrAh i;Hfhka mrsndysr fkdjk nejz hg jsia;r lrk ,oS'by;ska

js.@y flfrkakdjQ lreKq p;rdrAh i;Hfhys,d ukdj ix.@ylr oelajsh yelsh'tkuz

1 |=laLH wdrAh i;Hh9 - fuz hg;g ksfYaOkd;aul m@ia;;hka ksid yg .kakdjQ wys;lr m@;sM,

oelajsh yelsh ksfYaIOkhka kuz ;ud;, yg.efkkakdjQ neyer l< hq; jQ iDKd;aul is;sjs,s yd

fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id….WfmaCIdiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MtsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WfmaCIdiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MtsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WfmaCIdiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MtsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WfmaCIdiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MtsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAwmamudfKak wfjzfrAwmamudfKak wfjzfrAwmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;sk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;sk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;sk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 1 tu w,qòafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;dw,qòafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;dw,qòafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;dw,qòafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d…w|=gzfGd mkdhx w|=gzfGd mkdhx w|=gzfGd mkdhx w|=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafik wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;dfodafik wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;dfodafik wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;dfodafik wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d….wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fudafyak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakpsfudafyak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakpsfudafyak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakpsfudafyak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d;af;d;af;d;af;d..i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;djs.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;djs.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;djs.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d.. 2 kduslj fkdoelajqj;a wiykh wiykhgfya;`j wiykhg ms<shu yd tu ms<shu ksid iykh WodjSu hk lreKq i;r Tiafia ld,du iQ;@fhys fm<.iajdwe;s idrOrAu uZ.ska lshfjkafka p;`rdrAh i;Hhuh nq|=jok p;`rdrAh i;Hfhka neyer fkdjknejsks' 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,du iQ;@h"nq'c'uq'337-343 msgq' iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhiu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhiu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhiu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iqLdh iqLdh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd $l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s $iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd $l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s $iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd $l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s $iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd $l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s $iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;s 4 tu jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; 5 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlgifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlgifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlgifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodlalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodlalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodlalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOmruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOmruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOmruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;ss.f;da fyda;ss.f;da fyda;ss.f;da fyda;s 6 tu ifpz fLdaifpz fLdaifpz fLdaifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;w;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuiiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;w;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuiiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;w;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuiiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;w;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuiiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 7 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;dkx fLda ux kdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;dkx fLda ux kdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;dkx fLda ux kdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;dkx fLda ux mdmx luzux l`f;d |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;d |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;d |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;d |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 8 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 9 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' ld,duiQ;@fhys m@;sfYaOkd;aul mCIfhka foaYkdfldg we;s ishZM lreKq fuhg wka;rA.;fjz'|=laLH Ynzofhys odrAYksl wrA:h wiykh fyj;a w;Dma;sh hkakhs'fuz wkqj idudkH jHjydrsl ;;ajhka;,oS |=lafjzokd f,i jHjydrjk ishZMu foa fuhg wka;rA.;jk w;r ta yerekqfldg iudkH jHjydrsl ;;ajhkaa;`,oS iemfjzokd f,i yZ|=kajkq ,nkakdjQ ishZMu foao fuhgu wka;rA.kfjz'ta iemhjqjo wiykh yd w;Dma;sh Wodlrjk nejsks'ta wkqj odrAYksl jHjydrfhaoS ishZM jsoSuz |=laLHdrAh i;Hhg wka;rA.;fjz'

87tlS iDKd;aul is;sjs,s ckkh lrjkakdjQ ixl,amkafjz' fuz ksfYaOkd;aul m@ia;;hka ksid

|=laLH ialJOfhys yg.ekSu jk nejsks tkuz

1 wOHd;ausl yd iudcsl jYfhka |=rAj, fm#reIFj ,CIK ms<snsUq lsrSu1 -

1 wkq.uk lrk,o lreKq ;udf.a mrsydksh msKsi bjy,a jSu 2

2 wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ksid kqjKe;shkaf.a .rANdjg yd ms<sl,g md;@jSu 3

2 |=laL iy.; wdkqN~;sl ksIaGdjlg meusKSu 4

1 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj mrf,dj ,nk |=lajsmdl 5

2 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl ke; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj ,nk |=lajsmdl 6

3 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk |=lajsmdl 7

4 lu!M, jsmdl we; ke; hk kHdfhka neyerj TzkEu ;;ajhla;,oS ,nk |=lajsmdl 8

2 |=laLH iuqohdrA: i;Hh9 - fuz hg;g .efkkqfha ksfYaOkd;aul m@ia;;hka f,i by;ska

jsia;rfldg we;s lreKqh' tkuz

1 oi jeoEreuz wka;.duS pska;k wOsldrhka 10

1 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$wlì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ idjcAcd Nkaf;idjcAcd Nkaf;idjcAcd Nkaf;idjcAcd Nkaf; 2 tu iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dhiu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dhiu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dhiu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakdiudoskakdiudoskakdiudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fwys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fwys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fwys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;skda fyF: fyda;S;skda fyF: fyda;S;skda fyF: fyda;S;s 3 tu jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZ|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZ|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZ|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZ|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; 4 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq'tajfuz;x N.jd tajfuz;x iq.; fida tajfuz;x N.jd tajfuz;x iq.; fida tajfuz;x N.jd tajfuz;x iq.; fida tajfuz;x N.jd tajfuz;x iq.; fida Nkaf; wrsh idjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgNkaf; wrsh idjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgNkaf; wrsh idjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgNkaf; wrsh idjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;d tajx jsiqoaOzGps;af;d tajx jsiqoaOzGps;af;d tajx jsiqoaOzGps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ps;af;d ps;af;d ps;af;d ;iai;iai;iai;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydkaa;S;osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydkaa;S;osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydkaa;S;osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydkaa;S;s(Nd.Hj;kajykai ta tfiauh iajduSks ta wdhH! Y@djlhd fufia wffjr is;a we;af;"fufia ks|=la is;a we;af;a"fufia fkdls,sgs is;a we;af;a"fufia iqmsrsis|= is;a we;af;a"fuz wd;aufhysu fuz i;r wiajeiquz i;r ,nk ,oafoa fjz')fuu lreK hymf;ys ksr;jSu;`,ska ,nk fydZo m@;sM, ms<snZojh fu wdldrfhkau |=Yaprs;fhys yeisrSu ksid ,nkakdjQ krl m@;sM, i;rl;a fuhg yd;amiska jsreoaOdldrfhka ,nknj Wml,amkhlr.; hq;`h'ta iZoyd ,efnkakdjQ krl m@:sM, i;r f,i fydZo m@;sM, y;frys ksfYaOdrA:h wOHydrfhka .;hq;`h'(ta mqyq|=ka Y@djlhd fufia ffjr is;a we;af;a fufia |=la iys; is;a we;af;a fufia ls,sgs is;a we;af;a fufia wmsrsis|= is;a we;af;a fuz wd;aufhysu fuz i;r wiykhka i;r ,nk,oafoa fjz') 5 tu ifpzifpzifpzifpz fLdafLdafLdafLda mk wF:s mfrd f,dfld wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mk wF:s mfrd f,dfld wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mk wF:s mfrd f,dfld wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mk wF:s mfrd f,dfld wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;d fyd;mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;d fyd;mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;d fyd;mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;d fyd;s fuys jsreoaOdrA:h fufia wOHydrfhka .;hq;`h'boska mrf,djla we;akuz fydZo fkdfydZo lu!j, jsmdl we;akuz ta lreKska uu ldhfNaofhka urKska u;` lgql|=la we;s ksrfhys Wmoskafkus hkfuz m<uqfjkss wiykh ,nhs') 6 tu ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrd f,daflda kF:s ialg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrd f,daflda kF:s ialg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrd f,daflda kF:s ialg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrd f,daflda kF:s ialg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOxwfjzrx wnHdmcACOxwfjzrx wnHdmcACOxwfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsyrduS;s wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsyrduS;s wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsyrduS;s wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuziai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swhuziai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swhuziai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swhuziai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s fuys jsreoaOd rA:h fufia wOHdydrfhka .;hq;h' (boska mrf,djla ke;akuz fydZo fkdfydZo lu!j, jsmdl ke;akuz uu fuz f,dju ffjrSjQ |=lajQ Wm|@s;jQ fjzokdldrS wd;auhla mrshrKh lrushs hk fuz fojk wiykh ,nhs) 7 tu ifpz ifpz ifpz ifpz fLd mk lfrdaf;da lrshah;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux fLd mk lfrdaf;da lrshah;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux fLd mk lfrdaf;da lrshah;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux fLd mk lfrdaf;da lrshah;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wos.f;da fyda;mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wos.f;da fyda;mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wos.f;da fyda;mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wos.f;da fyda;s fuys jsreoaOdrA:h fufia wOHydrfhka .;hq;`h(boska mskalrkakdg mskais|=fjzkuz fyj;a jsmdl ,fnzkuz uu ieufokflfrys mjz is;us tfiafyhska mjzluzu lrk ug flfia iekiSula jkafkaoehs hkfuz f;jk wiykh ,nhs) 8 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshah;s mdmx ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshah;s mdmx ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshah;s mdmx ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshah;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s wbodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s wbodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s wbodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s huiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s huiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s huiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s fuys jsreoaOdrA:h fufia wOHdydrfhka .;hq;`h'(boska mskalrkakdg mska fkdis|= fjzkuz fyj;a jsmdl fkd,efnz kuz uu ta fomiskau wmsrsis|=jQ wd;auhla olsus hk fuz isjqjk wiykh ,nhs') 9 tu' |=laL iuqoh hkq wiykh yg.ekSug fya;hs ld,duiQ;@fhys wiykh yg.ekajSug fya;f,i jsia;r jkQfha wOsldruh pska;kh miamjq yd f;joEreuz wl`Y,uQ< hk lreKqh' 10 tu' wkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzk…mruzmrdhmruzmrdhmruzmrdhmruzmrdh…b;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdh…msgl iuzmodfkakmsgl iuzmodfkakmsgl iuzmodfkakmsgl iuzmodfkak….;lalfya;`;lalfya;`;lalfya;`;lalfya;`….khfya;` khfya;` khfya;` khfya;` ….wdldrmrsjs; wdldrmrsjs; wdldrmrsjs; wdldrmrsjs; laflaklaflaklaflaklaflak….osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd…NnznrEm;dhNnznrEm;dhNnznrEm;dhNnznrEm;dh….iufKdiufKdiufKdiufKda fkda .rE;sa fkda .rE;sa fkda .rE;sa fkda .rE;s

88 2 mia mjq 1

3 f;jeoEreuz wlY, uQ,hka 2

3 |=laL ksfrdO .dusKS mgsmodrAh i;Hh3 - fuz hg;g .efkkqfka jevshhq; jQ m@;scdkkSh

m@ia;;hkah tkuz

1 jsjD; msrsis|= m@Ndiajr udkisl wjOsNdjh (oijsO jQ wOsldruh pska;kfhka f;drnj)4

2 mxpYS, m@;smodj 5

3 i;r n@yau jsyrK 6

4 f;jeoEreuz lY, uQ<hka 7

5 p;rdrAh i;Hh 8

4 |=laL ksfrdaOdrAh i;Hh9 -iuia; l@shdj,sfhys wjidk m@;sM,h f,i oelafjk lreKq fuhg

wka;rA.; fjz tkuz

1 idudcsl yd wOHd;ausl fm#reIFjh jO!kh jSu10

1 wkq.ukh lrk,o lrKq ;udf.a ys;iqj msKsi mej;Su11

2 wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ksid kqjKe;shkaf.a m@ixYdjg NdckhjSu12

1 tu' …mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms mpzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;d mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms mpzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;d mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms mpzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;d mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms mpzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;d iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;siudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;siudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;siudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s 2 tu' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$ f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$ f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$ f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$ f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd wys;dh jd wys;dh jd wys;dh jd ;s$wys;dh Nkaf;;s$wys;dh Nkaf;;s$wys;dh Nkaf;;s$wys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh jd;s$wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh jd;s$wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh jd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh Nkaf; 3 tu' fuhg wh;a jkqfha ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk m@;scdkd;aul lreKqh'tkuz oijsOjQ pska;k wOsldrfhka f;drnj"mxpYS, m@;smodj"i;rn@yau jsyrK"lY,uQ<hka ;`k yd p;`rdrAh i;Hhh hk lreKq fjz' 4 tu'' ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh us b;slsrdh us msgliuzmodfkak ud ;ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh us b;slsrdh us msgliuzmodfkak ud ;ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh us b;slsrdh us msgliuzmodfkak ud ;ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh us b;slsrdh us msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud lalfya;` ud lalfya;` ud lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;skhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;skhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;skhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 5 tu …wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s 6666 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id…fmfmfmfm…lreKdiy.f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy.f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy.f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id ….WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajdWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajdWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajdWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:xjsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:xjsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:xjsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:x b; WoaOufOda b; WoaOufOda b; WoaOufOda b; WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trs;ajd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trs;ajd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trs;ajd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trs;ajd jsyr;s 7 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkajd;s$ys;dh Nkajd;s$ys;dh Nkajd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;f;f;f;..;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ns;dh Nkaf;jd wys;dh jd;s$ns;dh Nkaf;jd wys;dh jd;s$ns;dh Nkaf;jd wys;dh jd;s$ns;dh Nkaf;…;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ 8 tu' wiykh wiykh yg .ekSug fya;j iykh ,enSfuz l@uh yd iykh hk jsOsl@ufhka p;`rdrAh i;Hhh fuz;`< .enzfjz'p;`rdrAh i;Hhh hk kdufhkau fkdoelajqk;a nqoaOjpkh p;rdrAh i;Hfhka neyer fkdjkafkah hk kHdh u; msysgd fufia tanejz i<ld.; yelsh' 9 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiQ;@h"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' ld,duiQ;@h foaYkd lsrSfuys wjidk mrudrA:h wOHd;ausl yd iudchSh iykh Wodlr.ekSu kuz tlS wjidk ksIaGdj |=laLH ksfrdaOdrAh i;Hhh f,i yeZoskafjz' 10 tu' hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamjsZ[aZC|+mamjsZ[aZC|+mamjsZ[aZC|+mam iF:d bfuz iF:d bfuz iF:d bfuz iF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyr;sjsyr;sjsyr;sjsyr;s 11 tu'iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; ;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; ;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; ;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;s 12 tu';x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,d;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,d;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,d;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wli,djd;s$lì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wli,djd;s$lì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wli,djd;s$lì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wli,djd;s$lì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;

89 2 wfjhsos; iqL iy.; wdkqN~;sl ksIaGdjlg meusKSu1 -

1 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj mrf,dj iq.;s.duSnj yd wjik mqkrANj

CIh,enSu2

2 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl ke; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk iekiSu3

3 mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk iekiSu 4

4 lu!M, jsmdl we; ke; hk hk kHdfhka neyerj TzkEu ;Fjhla;,oS ,nk iekiSu 5

fuu lreKq fn#oaO idrOr!u j,g wod<jk wdldrh idlpzPdlsrSu my; is|=flrSwe;' ld,du

iQ;@fhys by; oelafjk lreKq iZoykajkafka ixl,am jYfhks'tu ixl,am prAhdjka yd tlajSu

uZ.ska prAhd ixialrK l@uYs,am Ndjs;h is|=jS we;'usksia yeisrSuz yd uqiqjSu uZ.ska usksia yeisrSu

Wiianjlg m;alrjSu fuu idrOrAuhkaf.a uQ<sl wfmaCIdjhs'

mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amh( Adipose & Clever Conception)

nq|=oyfuys usksia prAhdjka weZ.hSfuzoS Ndjs;d flfrk fh|=uzj,ska m@uqLia:dkh mqZ[aZ[ iy

lY, ixl,amhkag wh;a fjz'lY, hkafkka oCI yels ldrAhCIu hym;a wdoSwrA: /ila

lshefjz'ksrAjdK,dNshd li, iuzmkakfhla yegshg yZ|=kajd we;'ksrAjdKh yd iuznJOjQ .Kdx.

10lska wdrAh mqoa.,fhda hqla;jQy (ofiys(ofiys(ofiys(ofiys Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x mZ[aZ[;af;ak Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x mZ[aZ[;af;ak Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x mZ[aZ[;af;ak Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x mZ[aZ[;af;ak

iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'

li, Ou! mqyqKqlsrSu wkql@ufhka mru iqjodhs ksrAjdKh fj; fhduqjknjg iq;@foaYkdj,

iZoykafjz' “b;s fL“b;s fL“b;s fL“b;s fLda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrkda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrkda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrkda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrk

mduqcAckfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid”mduqcAckfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid”mduqcAckfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid”mduqcAckfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid” wdoSjYfhka wx.;a;r ksldfha

6fjks ldKavfha 4jk msgqfjz iZoyka fldg we;'

ksrAjdKh ms<snZoj jsjrKh lsrSfuzoS iZoykafldgwe;af;a“rd.laLfhda fodailaLrd.laLfhda fodailaLrd.laLfhda fodailaLrd.laLfhda fodailaLfhda fudaylaLfhda fhda fudaylaLfhda fhda fudaylaLfhda fhda fudaylaLfhda

ksnzndKx”ksnzndKx”ksnzndKx”ksnzndKx”hkqfjks' f,daNdosh ie,flkafka wlY, yegshghs'wf,daNdosh li, yegshg ie,fla'

wf,daNiys;j ldhdoS oajdr;@fhka l@shdlsrSu li,ah

“;SksudkS NslaLfjz lì,uQ,dkS l;udks ;“;SksudkS NslaLfjz lì,uQ,dkS l;udks ;“;SksudkS NslaLfjz lì,uQ,dkS l;udks ;“;SksudkS NslaLfjz lì,uQ,dkS l;udks ;SKS wf,dafNda lì,uQ,xSKS wf,dafNda lì,uQ,xSKS wf,dafNda lì,uQ,xSKS wf,dafNda lì,uQ,x wfodafida li, uQ,x wfudafyda wfodafida li, uQ,x wfudafyda wfodafida li, uQ,x wfudafyda wfodafida li, uQ,x wfudafyda

lì, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wf,dafNda ;oms lì,dkx ho;s w,qolì, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wf,dafNda ;oms lì,dkx ho;s w,qolì, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wf,dafNda ;oms lì,dkx ho;s w,qolì, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wf,dafNda ;oms lì,dkx ho;s w,qoaa aafOda f,dafNk wkNsfOda f,dafNk wkNsfOda f,dafNk wkNsfOda f,dafNk wkNs N~f;da wmrshdhskak N~f;da wmrshdhskak N~f;da wmrshdhskak N~f;da wmrshdhskak

pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd mnzncdfkda pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd mnzncdfkda pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd mnzncdfkda pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd mnzncdfkda

1 tu'ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalxmruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalxmruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalxmruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 2 tu'ifpz fLda mk kF:ifpz fLda mk kF:ifpz fLda mk kF:ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda vodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda vodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda vodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda vodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 3 tu'ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 4 tu'ifpz fLda mkifpz fLda mkifpz fLda mkifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlflfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlflfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlflfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk rdka;x fLda mk rdka;x fLda mk rdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 5 tu''ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s

90n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms l`n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms l`n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms l`n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms l`i,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN iuqohd i,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN iuqohd i,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN iuqohd i,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN iuqohd

wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla li, Ouzud iuzNjx”wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla li, Ouzud iuzNjx”wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla li, Ouzud iuzNjx”wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla li, Ouzud iuzNjx”

fuz mdGh foin,kjsg iodpdrd;aul jgskdlula we;s jsfYaI wrA:hla li, hk wrA:fhka

nq|=iufhka bosrsm;alrknj meyeos,sfjz'fndfyda jsoaj;ayq li, yd mqKHhk jpkfol iudkdrA:

we;sfia i,l;s'uq,anq|= iufhys li,hk jpkh Ndjs;dlr we;swkaou jsuiQjsg fmkShkafka mqZ[aZ[

hk jpkhg jvdjsfYaIjQ iodpdrd;aul jgskdlula li,hk jpkfhys wka;rA.;jk njhs'

mqZ[Za[ hkafkys jsreoaOdJ:!j;amoh mdm fyda wmqZ[aZ[ hkakhs'mqZ[aZ[ fyj;a msk wkd.; cSjs;h

iemj;a lr .ekSug WmldrSfjz' ixhq;a; ksldfhaoS mqZ[aZ[dksmqZ[aZ[dksmqZ[aZ[dksmqZ[aZ[dks f,daliausx m;sgzGdk krmqZ[aZ[x”f,daliausx m;sgzGdk krmqZ[aZ[x”f,daliausx m;sgzGdk krmqZ[aZ[x”f,daliausx m;sgzGdk krmqZ[aZ[x”

hkafkka tanj ikd: fldgwe;' uydud.!;ekSu ,sxfmdlKq ;ekSu .iaisgqjSu jeks iudciqN

idOkhg bjy,ajkfoh is|=lsrSfukao msxjO!kh lrf.k osjHiuzm;a jsJoyelsnj oelafjz'ixhq;a;

ksldfha i.d:lj.a.fha “wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;`ldrdufha ckx”wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;`ldrdufha ckx”wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;`ldrdufha ckx”wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;`ldrdufha ckx”wdoSjYfhka tanj iZoykafldg

we;'

mqoa.,hdjsiska fuf,djoSlrk,omsxmjqj,g wkqj mrf,dj cSjs;h iliajknj “h:dluzux “h:dluzux “h:dluzux “h:dluzux

.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks iq.a.;S”iq.a.;S”iq.a.;S”iq.a.;S”jeks foaYkdjkaf.ka

fmkajdoS we;' uq,anq|=oy fuys msk lrAuh yd mqkrANjhg iuznJOfjz msxj,ska idudkHfhka

,Z.dlr.;yelafla wdOHd;ausljQ Yla;shg jvd bZ|=rka mskjSula mj;sk iemhls li,a oshqKqlsrSfuka

,efnkafka wdOHd;ausl iqjhls.fuz ksid mru ksrAjdKiqjh fj;fhduqlrjkq ,nkafka li,l@shdhs'

mdm yd wli,l@shdjka iudkdF:!fhka iZoykajqj;a mqZ[aZ[ yd li, tfia iZoyka fkdjknj

uydpdrAh mS nS fmauisrs iZoyka lrhs'iq;a;ksmd;fha 431fjks .d:dfjz' nq|=rcdKkajykafia jodf,a

;udf.a b;diqZM fyda msklska m@;sM,hla wJ:!hla ke;snjhs “wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wfF:dyx wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wfF:dyx wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wfF:dyx wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wfF:dyx

f;jscAc;s”f;jscAc;s”f;jscAc;s”f;jscAc;s”hkqfjks'

ry;kajykafia,d “mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[ fyda lsis|= ixialdrhla /ia fkdlr;s'“wmskqfLda“wmskqfLda“wmskqfLda“wmskqfLda

LSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjLSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjLSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjLSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjd d d d

wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d”wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d”wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d”wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d” hkqfjka ixhq;a; ksldfha

iZoykalr we;'

ksrAjdk m@;s,dNfhys“mqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiaimqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiaimqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiaimqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiai”kuq;a li,hka m@ySKlrk njla iZoykafkdfjz'fuz

fya;j ksidu li, yd mqZ[aZ[ iudkdF:! we;sfia fmkqk;a tfia ie,lSu OrAudkQl~, fkdjknj

oelajsh yelsh'

fldfid,a rc;udg wdkJoysushka m@ldYlf<a nq|=rcdKkajykafia ishZM wlY, OrAu m@ySkfldg

li, Ou!j,ska hq;j fjfik njhs'“inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da li, Ouzud “inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da li, Ouzud “inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da li, Ouzud “inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da li, Ouzud

iukajd.f;da;s”iukajd.f;da;s”iukajd.f;da;s”iukajd.f;da;s” fuz iZoykg wkqj li, yd mqZ[aZ[ iudkfia .;fkdyelsnj meyeos,sfjz'

ry;kajykafia,d mqZ[aZ[ yd mdm m@ySk ksid wli, m@ySkfldg we;sw;r li,fhka hqla;hs'

91nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsjsO wli,Ou! Ou! m@ySk fldg jsjsO li,Ou! jO!khlruska jevisgshy'

“f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlìf,a Ouzfuz mySfka “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlìf,a Ouzfuz mySfka “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlìf,a Ouzfuz mySfka “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlìf,a Ouzfuz mySfka

mpzpfjlaLudfkda kmpzpfjlaLudfkda kmpzpfjlaLudfkda kmpzpfjlaLudfkda ksiskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”siskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”siskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”siskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”

fuz wkqj li,Ou! jO!khl< hq;fjz ta iem msKsio fya;fjz li,hk jpkh b;d mqZM,a

wrA:hlska nq|=iu fhys wdpdrd;aul ixorANh;< Ndjs;djS we;snj fuhska fmfka'wdrAh mqoa.,fhda

wdpdrd;aul [email protected] tf;rjQ msrsilaf,i Wml,amkhlsrSu ksjeros fkdfjz'“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”hk

wdpdrd;aul jpkfhys iifrys fjfik wkHmqoa.,hkaf.a hym;a l@shdjka oelafjk w;r li, hk

wdpdrd;aul jpkfhka mskamjq m@ySkl< wdrAh mqoa.,hdf.a prs; iajNdjh ksrEmkhfjz'nq|=rcdKka

jykafia we;ZM laISKdY@jhkajykafia,d ;u cSjs;h nyqck ys;iqjmsKsi lem l<y'

li,iuzmkakj cSj;ajQy i;HdjfndaOh ,enQmqoa.,hd mskamjq folu m@ySKl< ;eke;af;lehs

hkwoyi ia:srju iZoykalr we;swjia:d lSmhlau md,s .@J:hkays olakg ,efnz'“mqZ[aZ[ mdm“mqZ[aZ[ mdm“mqZ[aZ[ mdm“mqZ[aZ[ mdm

mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud”mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud”mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud”mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud” jeksfh|=uz ksid jsoaj;ayq nq|=oyfuz

mru wjYH;djh jkqfha fydZo iy krl m@ySKlsrSuhehs lshfjz'tfy;a fuzu;h fndfydafofklka

fkduZ.hdug fya;jshyelshs fndfyda W.;kajsiska“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”iy“mdm”“mdm”“mdm”“mdm”hkjpkfol bx.@Sis NdIdjg

fmr,dwe;af;a lsisu yeZoskajSulska f;drj “fydZo”iy“krl”(Good & Bad)hkqfjka nj fma@uisrs

uy;d lshhs'

fuz mqZ[aZ[ yd mdmhkjpkfol [email protected]#oaO wd.usliuzm@odhkajsiskao Ndjs;dl, jpkhs'“mqZ[aZ[xmqZ[aZ[xmqZ[aZ[xmqZ[aZ[x

mqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmakmqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmakmqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmakmqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmak”jeks WmksIoaNdjs;;<ska tanj ikd:fjz'tfy;a nq|=iuh;<

uSgjvd fjkia mqZM,awF:!hlska fuzjpk fhfoknj uydpdrAh fm@auisrs fmkajdfohs'“mqZ[aZ[”mqZ[aZ[”mqZ[aZ[”mqZ[aZ[”hk moh

md,s Ou!.@J: iuzm@odfha idudkHfhka fhoS we;af;a .DycSjs;fha iqLh w;afkdyefrk mqoa.,hdf.a

wkd.; mej;kq;;ajh jvd hym;alr.ekSug wfmaCIdlrkafkalgu Wmldrjkakla yegshghs'

lu!h yd ixidrh ms<snZoj fn#oaO u;hkaf.a ixorANfhys,d yer mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[ hk mdm mdm mdm mdm mohkaf.a

wrA:h f;areuz.; yelsfkdfjz' nq|=oyug wh;a we.hquzYS,sNdIdfjz fhfok jpkhla f,i mqZ[aZ[ hk

mofhys Ndjs;hmerKs;u n@dyauK jHjydrhka Wreulr.kakd kuq;a n@dyauKsl .@J:hkaf.ka

“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”hkmofhys m@Z[aZ[ma;sh” ms<snZo u;h nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a u;hg jvd meyeos,sju

fjkiafjz'

nq|=oyfuys mqZ[aZ[ l@shdjka i,ld ;sfnkafka mqoa.,hdf.a u;Njh ke;skuz cSjs;h iemj;a

lsrSug keUqrejla we;s lreKqfldgila jYfhks' msk mqoa.,fhlg iq.;s.duSjSug Wmldrjk w;r

mdmh Tyqf.a ixidr pl@h mrsydksh lrdmuqKqjhs mska /ialr.;a mqoa.,hd iq.;shg m;ajknj;a

mjq/ialrk mqoa.,hd |=.;s.duSjk nj;a jsYajdi flrA'

“inzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;sinzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;sinzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;sinzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;s”wdoSjYfhka iZoyka flfrk .d:dfjys ksrhxksrhxksrhxksrhx mdmluzux;dmdmluzux;dmdmluzux;dmdmluzux;d

mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”hkafkka tanj iZoykafldg we;' ld,du iQ;@hkays tk li, yd wli,mohka

msrslaiSfuzoS fmkS hkafka wF:!h tumo“mqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[”yd“mdmmdmmdmmdm mohkaf.ka”fjkiajk njhs'nq|=oyfuys

92iZoyka mru wOHd;ausl ksIaGdj lrd f.khk l@shd weZ.hSfuys,d li,hk moh jsfYaIfhka

Ndjs;dlrk nj fmkShhs'

nq|=oyfuz mru ksYaGdj YdlaId;alsrSu iZoyd Wmia:uzNljk prAhduh ,CIKyd udkisl

m@;Hhka jsoyd olajk wx.;a;r ksldfha fhdodwe;s we.hquzYS,sNdIdfjz mqZ[aZ[hk moh fkdfhdod

li,hkmoh fhdod ;snsK'mruksIaGdj YdlaId;alsrSuhkq iodpdrd;aul jsfYaI;d iauD;sh yd

Z{dKhiuZ. neZoSmj;Shk jsYajdihksid nq|=oyfuys mru wdOHd;ausl ksIaGdj yd iodpdrh

w;rwe;s iuznJO;djh iuyrjsg flfklg fkdfmkS hkakg bvwe;' kuq;a i;HdjfndaOh hkq

iodpdrd;aul ldrAhhka flfrys WodiSk jSula fkdfjz'

fn#oaO b.ekajSug wkqj mqoa.,fhlg Wmrsu fufyhla is|=l<yelafla i;HjfndaOfhka

wk;rejhs' i;Hd jfndaOh l<yelafla imqrd iodpdr iuzmkakjQ jsgh'tfyhska tnZ|= mqoa.,hd

iodpdrjsfrdaOS fyda whym;a hehs yeZoskajshyels udkislle<USuka uqZMukskau uevmj;ajk

,oafolafjhs'Tyq jscAcdprK iuzmkakjscAcdprK iuzmkakjscAcdprK iuzmkakjscAcdprK iuzmkakhs. ksj!dK YdlaId;alrKh hkq mqoa., prs;iajNdjh mQrAK

mrsjrA;khla we;slsrSuh'fuhska woyialrkafka wmjs;@ prs; ,CIK m@ySKlsrSu;a mjs;@ prs;

,CIK jO!kh lr.ekSu;ah'

kmqrg fm<fUkiqZM keUqrejlskahq;a mqoa.,fhl wdhdihlska f;drj iodpdrd;aul lghq;`

lsrSfuz yelshdj we;s mqoa.,fhl njg m;alsrSug fuu prs; mrsj;!kh fya;fjz'ksj!dKh

YdlaId;al<o Tyq j.d lr.;a .Koyuz w;afkdyrS'i;sh fyj;a t<Uisgs isyskqjK ffu;@sh yd

m@Z{dj tnZ|= li,Ou! fj;s.fuu li,;djka tu mqoa.,hdf.a prs;fha fldgilanjgo m;afjz'ksjk

hkqfjka fn#oaOiuzm@odfhys woyiafldg we;af;a yqfola f;fuz ;ukaj muKla |=lska ksoyialr

.ekSu nZ|= wdldrfhka jQ fm#reI mrsjrA;khla fkdfjz'

tnZ|= fm#reI mrsj;!khlg m;amqoa.,hd fiiqwhg |=llawe;s fkdlrhs' lula ksido fuu

mqoa.,hd ;u;<jQ |=Yaprs; iajNdjh uevmj;ajd we;s nejsks'nq|=oyu fmkajdfokwkaoug ukqIH

j.!hdg jsYd, fiajhla jshyelafla |=Yaprs;hkaf.ka us|=kq funZ|= mqoa.,hkaf.ks'fuu wjia:dfjzoS

m@:uOu!|+;msrsi wu;d nq|=rcdKkajykafia l< wkqYdikdj isysm;a lsrSu jeo.;ah'

mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, hk fol mqoa., ukfiys l@shd;aul jkafka uki m@Ndiajr njlska hqla;jQ l,ays

h tnejska wd.ka;l laf,aYhkaf.ka f;drjQ jsjD; m@Ndiajr uki we;slrjkakdjQ foh lulaoehs

jsuidne,sh hq;h udkisl jsjD; iajNdjh ke;skrkafka ukig we;ZMjkakdjQ jsjsO oDIaGSka ksidh

oDIaGsfhys iajNdjh wdjrKh lsrSu jk nejsks oDIaGsfhys ndysr iajrEmh kuz uki mgq iSudjl

;nd lghq; lsrSug ie,eiajSuhs ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjkakdjQ oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka is|=

jkqfha uki iSud lsrSu;a oDIaGsjdohka nsysfldg udkisl wdjD;nj we;slsrSu;a fuu udkisl wdjD;

nj fya;fjka mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amka isf;ys nsysjSug ndOdldrS jSu;afjz1

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq hodhodhodhod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAC jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;xiqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAC jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;xiqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAC jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;xiqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAC jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x

93

wkqY@jh(Report) kuz ;ukafjk ikaksfjzokh jkakdjQ f;dr;re i;Hdi;H;djh fidhdn,d

jsuiSulska f;drju taldka;fhkau i;Hhehs idjoH yd oDIaGs iy.; ks.ukj,g t<USuh'fuu

oDIaGs iy.;nj ksidu mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,amhka isf;ys jO!kh jSfuz m@jK;djh jshelS hhs'1

fuu lrek jrA;udkfhys kuz fndfyda |=rg wod< lreKls'jrA;udk iudch ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sh

u; rZod mj;skakdjQ iudchls'f,dj f.da,ShlrKh jS ;sfnkjd hkafkys ienE wre;o fuhuh

ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys b;d [email protected];anj ksid f,dalfhys tla ;ekl is|=jk is|=jSula Bg b;d

|=rneyerska msysgshdjQ fjk;a m@foaYhlg [email protected];aj ikaksfjzokh jSu ksid tu m@foaY fol w;r

fN#;sl|=r m@udKh tfiau ;snshoS ikaksfjzok ld,mrdih wju lsrSu uZ.ska lsishuz yelsZMula

we;slr we;'uqZM uy;a f,dj ;,u funZ|= wdldrfha fjkila we;slsrSfuys ,d iu;ajSu ksid f,dj

yels,S we;ehso f.da,ShlrKh jS we;ehso lshkq ,efnz'fuys wjdis iy.; njkuz usksidg is;d

.ekSugj;a lsis|= bvla fkd;nd b;du;a fjz.fhka ckikaksfjzok udOH udrA.fhka f;dr;re

.,dhEug idfmaCIlj tajdfhys ksrjoH;djh ms<snZoj lsis|= iy;shla bosrsm;a fkdflfrA'fuys we;s

wk;re odhlnj kuz ksjeros f;dr;re fukau idjoH f;dr;re;a lsis|+ ndOdjlska f;drj ksrka;r

fhka usksid fj;g .,dhEfuys YlH;djhla mej;Suhs'2

fuz ksid usksid fj; .,d tkakdjQ iEu f;dr;rlau taldka;fhkau ksjeroshehs jsYajdi lsrSu

jsYd, uq,djls'th jsjsO wlI, is;sjs,s ukfiys frdamKh lrjkaklao mdmS fpz;kd nsyslrjkakla

o fjz'f,dj mqrd ;ukag wjYH wdldrhg u;jdo f.dv kZ.kakdjQ ikaksfjzok lKavdhuzj,g ;uka

f.d|=rejSulao fjz'3fuh w;S; wkd.; yd jrA;udk ld,fNaohlska f;drjiEu l,aysu f,dj;,

is|=jkakdjQ l@shdj,sla nejska ;ukaf.a pska;k l@shdj,shg f;dr;re ikaksfjzokh uZ.ska mSvkhla

we;slr .ekSu udkisl jsjD;nj ke;slrjkakdjQ fohlanj nq|=iuh fmkajdfokq ,nkafka by;

oelajqkq lreKq mdolrf.kh'fuu udkisl wdjD; iajNdjh fya;fldg f.k mqZ[aZ[ yd li,`

fpz;kd udkj is;a i;ka ;,ska jshelS hhs'

mruzmrdkq.;nj(mruzmrdh Tradition) hkak fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohls'4yrsfoh;a

jerosfoh;a mdruzmrslj mej;tk oekqu;, .enzjshyelsh'yrsfoh fukau jerosfoh wjspdrd;aulj

mrmqfrysjQ isZMu fokd is|=lrf.k meusKs nejska ;ukao tu mdruzmrsl u;hg .relsrSu

idrOrAuhlshs ke;fyd;a th hqla; hqla; lreKlshs is;kakdjQ mqoa.,hka /ilf.ka w;ska w;

meusK jrA;udkfhys fYaI jS we;a;djQ oekauz moaO;Ska ;ukao tajQ wdldrfhkau l@shd;aul lrkakg

wjYH hehs is;Su uq<djls'mdruzmrsl mej; tkakdjQ muKsla ms<sfkdf.k [email protected] wE;ajQ

tfiau ukqIHFjhg fkd.e<fmkakdjQ huz huz oekquz moaO;Ska tald;ak i;Hhehs .ekSfuka je<lsh

hq;h hkak nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'tfiau tfia je<lSu ;,ska mqZ[aZ[ ixl,am yd lY, fpz;kd yZ|=kk

oeyeus iudchla nsyslsrSug fya; jknjo fmkajdoS ;sfnz'

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHdj m@fjzYh"tka' j'S cS' ta' fyauka; ludr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 1997" 92 msgqj' 3 tu 92-95 msgq' 4 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq

94 fufia fmr lshd ;sfnz(b;slsrdh Prologue) hkako fm#rdKskFjhgu wod<jkakdjQ

fohls'1iDIs NdIs; foajjdlH wkd.k jdlH osjeisjrekaf.a YNdrxps jeks fldhsfoa;a wka;rA.;

jkafka fuu fldgighs'fuzjd fhys we;s m@Odku |=n,;djhla jkafka fuzjdfhys i;Hdi;H;djh

wdkqN~;sl jYfhka ;udgu m@;HCI lr .;fkdyelsnjhs'tfukau yq|= jsYajdih u;u rZodmj;sk

njhs'fuzjd i;Hjsh yelsh'tfiau wi;Hjsh yelsh'i;Hjqj;a wi;Hjqj;a tys moku wdkqN~;sl

m@;HCIlsrSulska fyda jsoHdkql~, if;HCIKl@shdj,shlska f;dr jQ yq|= wkaO jsYajdihu kuz tuZ.ska

nsysjkafka jsjD; ukila fkdfjz'wdjD; ukils udkisl .e;snjls wkHhka jsIfhys udkisl hemSuls

iajdOSjFjh iajduSFjh wkqkag mjrd ;uka tys udkisl jyf,l njg m;ajSu yer fuu pska;k

l@ufjzofhys fjk .;hq; hula ke;'fuu udkisl jy,anfjka usoSu uZ.ska mqZ[aZ[ iy lY,

ixl,amka isf;ys jO!kh lr.ekSug wjldY ie<fia'

msgl iuzm@odh( Given in the Scripture) f,i woyiajkafka wd.usl .@J:hkays wka;rA.; jkakdjQ

woyia u;jdo taldka; i;Hhehs ks.ukj,g meusK ta Tiafia l@shdlsrSuhs'2fuu wd.usl .@J:hkays

wka;rA.k jkakdjQ oekqu i;H fyda wi;H jsh yelsh'tfia tajd i;Hjqj;a wi;H jqj;a wkq.ukhlr

ms<smeo w;ayod n,d ;udu m@;HCIlr .ekSulska f;drj u;msgska n,d tlt,af,a huz huz ksukj,g

meusK ta Tiafia l@shd lsrSu jerosnj uska woyiafjz'tfia ks.ukhka Tiafia l@shdlsrSu mqZ[aZ[ yd

lY, fpz;kd isf;ys frdamKhlr.ekSug ndOdjls'fjk;a wd.uzj,o nq|=iufhyso woyia wka;rA.

; jkafka wd.usl .@J:hka;,h nq|=iufhys ;@smsglh fukau bia,dus oyfuys lrdKho lf;d,sl

oyfuys nhsn,ho fuz whqrska wd.usl woyia wka;rA.; msgl .@J:jYfhka ie,fla'fuhska woyia

jkafka tu woyia ,sLs; udOHfhka mej;kq ;ruska fidhd fkdn,d wjspdrj;a f,i ms<sfkd.kak hk

lreKhs';@smsgld.; b.ekajSuzys wka;rA.;h lulao th wkq.uk lsrSfuka ;ukaf.a cSjs;h jdikd

jkak njg m;alr.; yelso hkak ms<smeoSu;,skau wrA:j;a lr.; hq;jQ ldrKhls'tfiau wksl;a

wd.usl .@J:hkays;a js.@yjkakdjQ lreKqo tfiau ms<smeoSu ;,ska ;ukaf.a cSjs;h idrA:lr .;

yelsoehs jspdr mQrAjlj lghq; lsrSu fuhska wfmaCIs; h:drA:hhs'

mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amka isf;ys msnsfokafka ;on, f,i is; wd.usl b.ekajSuzj,ska fkdusrslS

mj;sk jsghs'we;euzfokd fuhg ;@smsgfhys oelafjk b.ekajSuz .; fkdye;snj lshkafka ueoy;a

f,i lreKq jsuid ne,Sulska f;drjh'fuys nshjsh hq; lsisjla ke;'nshjsh hq; jkafka [email protected]

Fjfhka f;drj yqfola Ydjlhd uq<djg m;alrjk iqZM tfukau fkduZ. hjk iqZM ryia .ma; l@u

fjzohka jeks foa ;@smsgflys wka;rA.; jkjd kuz muKls'tnZ|= b.ekajSula tlfy<du ;@smsglfhys

fkdfjz tys .re uqIaGs lsisjla wka;rA.; fkdfjz ishZM Ou!ialJOfhda 'mpzP;a;x jsZ[aZC|+ys' fyj;a

;udu jsuidn,d ms<smeo i;Hdi;H;djh jgyd.;hq; jQ m@;HCIuQ<sl fj;s' tuksid nq|=iufhys

iZoykajkakdjQ wd.usl b.ekajSuz ld,dui Q;@fhys oelafjk b.ekajSuz iuZ. iiZod ne,Sfuys lsis|=

whym;la ke;'tfia lsrSu nq|=oyfuz hym;gu fya;jla jkjd we;'nq|=oyu jspdrmQrAjl jQ ;rug

nn,hs'tfia fkdjQ l,aysu fkdu nn,hs'iZo ysre fofokf.a meje;au fuks'

4 tu'"ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

95

huzlsis wd.usl .@J:hlska ;ukaf.a wd.usl b.ekajSuz tf,i jspdrmQrAjlj Ndjs;d lsrSfuka

je<lS tajd wJO jsYajdihlska ms<sf.k l@shdlrkak hkq mjikjdkuz tu wd.usl b.ekajSuz tfia

is|=lrkafka huz fyhlska Y@djlhska tfia lghq; l<fyd;a ;ukaf.a uq<dj fy,sfj;ehs hk nshlska

jsh hq;h'wkqka f;dr;re oek .kakjdg nsh jkafka fndreldrhka nejsks' ‘uf.a OrAuh jsjD; jQfhao

nn,hs fkdu jsjD; jQfhao fkdu nn,hs’hkqfjka oelafjk m@ldYh;, wka;rA.; jkafkao nq|=iuh

fuz lreK iuznJOfhka olajkakdjQ ia:djrhhs'wmqZ[aZ[ jQ mdmS fpz;kd fukau uQ<OrAujdoS woyia

nsysjSug ;vqfokakdjQ [email protected] neyerg .shdjQ wd.usl b.ekajSuz by; iZoykal< lreKq

mdol fldgf.k bj;,sh hq;nj nq|=iuh fmkajdoS ;sfnz'isf;ys ksjeros mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, fpz;kd

l@shd;aul jsh yelafla tjka oeyeus jd;djrKhla wef;d;a muKls'

;rAlk(;lal fya; Logical Implication) l@shdj,sh ks;ru wka;hka Nckh lrkakls'uq< ldrK

hla wrnhdu ;rAlkh f.dvkeZ.S ;snsu fuu jsIfhys iajNdjhls'1;ukag bgqlr.; hq;jQ huz huz

iSus; lreKq wrnhd kuz ;rAlk l@shdj,sh ;uka jsiska fok,o mQrAj o;a;hkag hg;aj WmlrKh

la f,i Ndjs;hg .ekSu fodaI iys; fkdjqj;a mqZM,aj is;d ne,sh hq; wjia:dj,oS yd ;j |=rg;a

nqoaOs mrsmdlfhys by< ia:rhkag msjsiSfuys n,dfmdfrd;a;fjka is|=flfrkdjQ nqoaOsuh l@shdj,sh

;,oS ta iZoyd fhdod fkd.;hq;(w;SJ|@sh m@;HCIh iZoyd)Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhla f,i ;rAlkh kuzflrS

we;'fujka ;;ajhkaf.ka f;drjSu mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amka nsys lsrSug f;daka;ekakls mqZ[aZ[ yd

lY, fpz;kdjkag ;rAlk l@shdj,sfhka fmkajd,sh hq; i;Hdi;H;djhla fkdue;'mqZ[aZ[ yd lY,

fpz;kdjkaf.a i;Hdi;H ;djh nsysjkafka tlS fpz;kdjka l@shd;aul lrkakdjQ mqoa.,hkaf.a oeyeus

uki ;,skauh'oeyeusFjfhka f;drjq yq|= f;aj, ;rAlhu jQl,S ksIam@fhdackh';rAl rys; oeyeus

nju fYa@IaG fjhs'

kHdh(kh fya; Nomological Implication) iliajS we;af;a lsishuz jsIhla ms<snZoj ,nd.kakd ,o

oekqu mdollrf.kh'2oekqu w,q;a jkakg jkakg kHdhkao kej; kej; iliafjz'fuz ksid jsIh.;

oekqu u; mokuzj f.dvkeZ.S we;a;djQ kHdhkays ksrka;rfhka jrA;udkfhys wjsoHudkFj fhka

we;a;djQ fodaIhka wka;rA.;h'oekg wm b;du;a ksjeros f,i wrA: mQrAK hehs Wml,amkhlr f.k

;sfnk iuzu; lrf.k ;sfnkakdjQ kHdhkaj, ;sfnkakdjQ fodaIhka wkdjrKh jSug l,a.; jsh

yelshs'taksid kHdhka idl,Hfhkau ksjeros hehs th oevsf,i is;ska .@yKh lrf.k tau; msysgd

pska;kh fufyhjSu jspdrmQrAjl jQjla fkdjk f,i;a mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amka isf;ka neyer

lrjkakla f,i;a nq|=iuh i<ld ;sfnz'

mQrAj ixl,amkh(wdldr mrsjs;lal Diversification of Thought) hk lreK ;udf.au reps wreps

lFjh yd ineZos fohls'3mQrAj ixl,amkhg jsIh jkafka ;udf.a reps wrepsluz yd neZ|=kq iajhx

is;sjs,s oduhka jk fyhsks'tnZ|= b;d wjsoHdkQl~, yd wYdia;@Sh jsOsl@uhla Ndjs;hg f.k huz lsis

m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj Ydia;@Sh ks.ukhlg meusKSu jspdr mQrAjl fkdjQjla f,i nq|=iuh jsiska i<ld

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;` 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;` 3 tu ud wdldr mrsj;laflakud wdldr mrsj;laflakud wdldr mrsj;laflakud wdldr mrsj;laflak

96we;'mQrAj ixl,mkhla miqmi wOdk.@dyS f,i yTd fkdhduu jsOsu;a whqrska mqZ[aZ[ yd lY,

fpz;kd isf;ys f.dvkZ.d .ekSug Wojzjk ldrKhls'mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,amka isf;ys mqnq|=

jkafka is; ksoyia udkisl jd;djrKhl mej;kfyd;a muKla nejsks'if;ys msjs;renj fuz ksid

mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,amkaf.a jO!kh iZoyd ufydamldrS fjz'

iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dh Potentiatity) hk lreK wjsksYaps; iajNdjh flaF|@fldg f.k m@Njh

jQjls'1huzlsis jsIhhla ms<snZoj /ialr.kakd,o w;S; oekqu mdol lrf.k wkd.;fhys fufia jsh

yelsnj yd fkdjsh yelsnj ks.ukh lr.kakdjQ l@ufjzohla f,i iuzNdjs;j yZ|=kajd oshyelsh'

jshyelsnj fukau fkdjshyelsnjo wka;rA.; ksid fuu l@ufjzoh wjsksYaps;Ndjh mdol lr.;a

l@ufjzohls'ksYaps; hula ms<snZoj ks.ukhlg meusKSfuzoS ta iZoyd wjsksYaps;nj mokuz lr.ekSu

Ydia;@Sh yd jspdr mQrAjl l@ufjzohla fkdjk nq|=iuh jsiska i<ld ;sfnz'fuhska f;drnj mqZ[aZ[ iy

lY, ixl,amka fj; is; keUqre lrjkakla f,ig fmkajdosh yelsh'

wdpdrAhjrhd .refldg i<ldu(iufKd fkd .re Counsultations of Preceptor) huzlsis fohl

Ydia;@Sh wYdia;@Shnj ;SrKh fkdlrkak hkq fuys wrA:hhs'2jrA;udkfhys mjd huzlsis fohl

Ydia;@Sh wYdia;@Sh nj ;SrKh lsrSfuysoS mqoa.,Fjhg jvd wod< lD;sfhys fyda wod< fofhys

Ydia;@Sh moku wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs'fuz;,ska jspdrmQrAjl f,i hul idOqFjh yd widOqFjh

;SrKh lsrSu uZ.ska isf;ys ksjeros whqrska mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, fpz;kd my<jSug wjldY ie<fikakla

fia jgyd.ekSug mqZMjk'fuys ;j;a me;a;lao we;'tkuz .rejrhdf.a woyia l@shd;aul lsrSu;a tajd

;ukaf.a cSjs;hg tlalr .ekSu;a YsIHdf.ka wfmaCIs; njhs wdpdrAhjr hdf.a woyia fl;ruz

Ydia;@Sh .Kfhka mrsmQrAK jqj;a YsIHhd tu lreKq ;u cSjs;hg tlalr tuZ.ska ;u cSjs;h

wf,dalj;a lrfkd.kS kuz tho wrA: jsrys;h'tksid .rejrhdf.a woyia flfrys jspdr mQrAjl jSu

hkafkys kshu wrA:h tajd uekjska wid ord ;uka;, tu lreKq ms<snZoj wdl,amuh mrsjrA;kh la

we;slr .ekSuhs'bf.kquz b.ekajSuz l@shdj,sfhys ksis M, ,enkafkao tjsgh'tnejska .rejrhdf.a

woyia flfrys wjspdrmQrAjl jSu nq|=iuh jsiska fhda.Hhehs olajd ke; jsOsu;a .rEmfoaY u; msysgd

isg l@shdlrkakdjQ lSlre YSIHhdu ksjeros mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,amka fudkjdoehs jgyd.kshs'

wjfndaOfldg .kshs'ta wkqj l@shdfldg is; lY, fpz;kdfjys yd mqZ[[aZ[ ixl,amkays uekjska

msysgqjd .kshs'lY,fhys yd mqZ[aZ[fhys wm@udoSnjg meusfKa'

by; olajk ,o pska;k wOsldrhka kjh yd pska;k wOsldrhg n,mdk wjfYaI lreKq

fya;fldgf.k oDIaGSka iys;jSu(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects) nqoaOs jsIhsl lreKq

ms<snZo .eUqre wOHhkhka yd mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amka flfrA is; keUqre fkdlrknj nq|=iuh

mjihs'3taksid oDIaGs iy.;nj mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,amkaf.ka is; wE;g m<jd yrskakdjQ |=rAj,

l@ufjzohlanj fmkajdoS we;'

1 tu' 337-343 msgq ud NjH;ud NjH;ud NjH;ud NjH;dhdhdhdh 2 tu ud iufKda fkd.rEud iufKda fkd.rEud iufKda fkd.rEud iufKda fkd.rE 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;sud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;sud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;sud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s

97 by; olajk ,o pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu uZ.ska flfklg ;ukaf.a Wm;ska /f.k

tkq ,nkakdjQ mqKH yd lY, Yla;sh ;j|=rg;a jevs oshqKq lr.ekSug bv m@ia;djkdj

ie,fia'mqKH yd lY,h ms<snZoj b;d iQCIu js.@yhka nq|=iuh;, oelafj;;a ta iEu js.@yhlgu

uQ<sl moku jkafka pska;k wOsldrfhka f;drnj yd taksid ukfiys yg.kakd jspdr mQrAjl

iajNdjhhs'1

oi mqZ[aZ[ l@shd (Ten Adipose Action)

odk"iS,"Ndjkd hk;@sjsO [email protected] jO!k wjia:djla yegshg ie,lshyelsh'tanj

iqux., js,diskS oS> ksldh wgqjdfjz ix.S;siq;a; jKaKkdj mrSCIdlsrSfuka f;areuz.;

yelsh'fuysoS oi mqKHl@shd jsuiSug fmrd;j mqKHl@shdhkq lulaoehs flgsfhka jsuid ne,sh hq;h's

isf;ys fiduzki we;slrjk l@shd mqKHl@shd yegshg yeZoskajsh yelsh'“ps;a;x mqkdyS;s mqKaKxps;a;x mqkdyS;s mqKaKxps;a;x mqkdyS;s mqKaKxps;a;x mqkdyS;s mqKaKx”hk

js.@yfhka thfmfka'‘msk’mqoa.,hd jsiska kej; kej; l,hq;nj iZoyka fjz hkqfjka Ouzumofha

iZoykafldg we;'

tmuKlafkdj mska /ialsrSu iem;g fya;jknj“iqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai WpzpfhdaiqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai WpzpfhdaiqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai WpzpfhdaiqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai Wpzpfhda”hkafkka

oelafjz'mskhkq iemhg lshk ;j;a mhH!dh jpkhlanjo“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;

mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s”mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s”mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s”mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s” hkafkka iZoykafldgwe;'msk jyd ;udg jsmdl,Z.dlr fkdfokafka hehs

l,amkdlrk nejsks'mskafkdlr isgSu wkqjKlulanj;a"j;r nsx|=fjkaa nsx|=j tl;jS l,hla

msrSb;srS hkakdfia gslskagsl mskalrkjsg tajd tl;jS jsYd,jYfhka jsmdl ,Z.dlr foknjo

iZoykafjz'“ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ;uF:x wd.iai;s”ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ;uF:x wd.iai;s”ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ;uF:x wd.iai;s”ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ;uF:x wd.iai;s” (Ouzumoh)'

fuz ishZMu jsia;rhkaf.ka ikd:jkafka iemjsmdl ,Z.dlr.ekSuiZoyd mska/ialr.ekSu wjYH

njhs' tfia l<hq; mskaluzms<snZoj fn#oaO idys;Hfha iZoykafjz'fmf<ys m@OdkjYfhka ;@sjsO

mqKHl@shdju oelafjz'“;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q “;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q “;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q “;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q iS,uhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qiS,uhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qiS,uhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qiS,uhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q

Ndjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qNdjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qNdjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qNdjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q”hkqfjka oS>ksldfha ix.S;siQ;@ jKaKkdfjz oelafjz' ix.S;siQ;@ wgqjdfjz

fuhg ;j;a lreKq y;la tlafldg mqZ[aZ[ lsrshjF:q 10lanjg m;afldg we;' uskafmfkkafka

fmf<ys flgsfhka jsia;r lrKlreKq wgqjdj,oS jsia;drs;lrk,o njhs'

“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd iq;s osgzGscqiq;s osgzGscqiq;s osgzGscqiq;s osgzGscq”iudc

ixorANh ;< [email protected] iodpdr yd idrOu! wxYfhka ljrfufyhla bgqfjzoehshkak

jsuidne,shhq;h.nq|= iuh;< ljrlajqj l@shdjg keZ.SfuzoS ta;<ska mqoa., ika;dkh mjs;@lrKhg

fya;jkwdldrfhka tajdl@shd;aul jshhq;nj m@lghs'WNhdrA: ixjO!kh bka wfmaCIs;hs'fuz tla tla

mqKHlu!hla ms<snZo ixCIsma; jsia;rhla is|=lsrSu wjYHhs'

1 tu' ;x lsx uZ[aZ{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$li,d Nkaf; idjcAcd wkjcAdcjd Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[aZ{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$li,d Nkaf; idjcAcd wkjcAdcjd Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[aZ{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$li,d Nkaf; idjcAcd wkjcAdcjd Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[aZ{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lì,djd wlì,djd;s$li,d Nkaf; idjcAcd wkjcAdcjd Nkaf;a jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d Nkaf;

98 ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska b;du;a mqZM,a miq;,hla;,oS oi mqKHl@shd js.@yflfrA'tu kuska

fkdoelajqjo oi mqKHl@shdjkag wvx. ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl l@shdldrluz iuQyh ld,du

iQ;@h;, .enzfjz'1

odk ( Giving up )

mQcdjYfhka fyda wkq.@yjYfhka ;udi;jia;jla mryg mrs;Hd.lsrSu odkhhs'fokjia;jg;a

oSug;a hkfolgu odkhhehs lsh;s'“wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha WmamcAc;“wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha WmamcAc;“wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha WmamcAc;“wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha WmamcAc;sl ps;a;x cd;xsl ps;a;x cd;xsl ps;a;x cd;xsl ps;a;x cd;x

kdu”kdu”kdu”kdu”hkqfjka wgqjdpdrSkajykafia fuz js.@yh bosrsm;afldgwe;'li,hlayegshg ie,lSfuzoS

odkuhli,hjkafka fok jia;j fkdj oSuhs oSu lrkakdjQ fpz;kdjhs';Hd.oCIsKd hZ{hk

jpkhkaf.kao odkh woyia flfrA'

WmfNda. mrsfNda. jia; oekqu Y@uh jeks Yla;Skajqjo wkqkaf.a m@fhdackh iZoyd lemlsrSu

odkh yegshg ie,fla' wkawhg oyuzoekqu ,ndoSu fY@aIaG;u odkh yegshg “inzn odkx Ouzu odkx“inzn odkx Ouzu odkx“inzn odkx Ouzu odkx“inzn odkx Ouzu odkx

ccccskd;s”skd;s”skd;s”skd;s” hkafkka iZoykafldg we;'tfia iZoyka lrkafka iodpdr idrOu! jsuqla;sh wdoS

iEuwxYhlskau th jeo.;a jk ksidh'

fn#oaO iudcfhys odkh jsfYaI iduhsl mQcduh jeo.;alula w;alrf.k ;sfnk w;r we;euz

wjia:dj, mgqw:!fhka .syshkajsiska NsCIQkajsIfhys msrskuk mrs;Hd. f,io i,lkq,efnz' iduzm@od

hsl jYfhka tnZ|= mrs;Hd.hka uy;a mqKHldrlhka njo iZoykafjz'olaLsK jsNx. jeks iQ;@j,g

wkqj mqoa.,hdf.a wdOHd;aus l YdlaId;alrKfha WiiaNdjh wkqj msko jevsfjz'

flfiajqjo nq|=oyfuys iodpdrd;aul jYfhka fnfyjska jeo.;ajk odkh ms<snZo ixl,amh jvd

mqZM,a wrA:hlska hq; idOq Ou!hla iZoyd fhfokakls'.scqnj uiqre nj wd;audrA:h oafjzIh yd

furudf.a hym; yd hymeje;au flfrys we;s |=rAuqLnj jeks whym;a prs;,CIK mylsrSuiZoyd

we;sfydZou ms<shula yegshg odkh ie,fla' iudc ixorANh;< ffu;@SyeZ.Su [email protected]

mqoa.,hd;< l@shd;aul fjzkuz Tyqg;a Tyqf.ka iudchg;a w;s Wodr fiajhla is|=fjz'wd;aud:!mrd:!

idOkfhys fhfokakd;< wksjdrAhfhkau jO!kh lr.;hq; Wodr is;js,a,ls odk is;js,a,' thska

f;drj hym;a foaj,a is|=lsrSu |=Ialrhs'

ld,duiQ;@h;< js.@yjk i;kauerSfuka je<lSujQ l,S wNhodkhhs'2tkuz cSjs; odkhhs'fuzmskalu

Ou!odk hg muKla fofjksjkakdjQ Wiia.Kfha mskalulaf,i nq|=iufha jsia;rflfrA'uqZMuy;a

f,daliFjhd jsIfhys wkqkaf.a cSj;ajSfuzzzzzzzzzz we;swhs;sh Tjqkafj; m@odkhlrkakdjQ nejska ishZM

odkhka w;r [email protected] odkhls'tfukau fidrluz fkdlsrSu uZ.ska woyiajkaka wkqkai; Tjqkaf.a

foafmd< Tjqkafj; m@odkh lsrSuhs.3

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdhiu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdhiu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdhiu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;sfyda;S;sfyda;S;sfyda;S;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s 3 tu k woskakdodkx wdosh;sk woskakdodkx wdosh;sk woskakdodkx wdosh;sk woskakdodkx wdosh;s

99

fuz uZ.ska ;udi; fkdjkfoa flfrys we;sjk ;DIaKdj ukqIHFjh fmrgqfldgf.k w;ayerSu

uZ.ska odk fpz;kdj l@shdjg kefZ.a'mrodr weiqrska fjkajSu1 uZ.ska woyiaflfrkqfha us:Hd yd

idjoHl@u Ndjs;hg .ekSu;,ska ldudiajdoh ,enSu iudcmoaO;shla;< fjfik wfkl;a idudcsl

hkaf.a osjsfmfj;g ndOdldrS jknj ;ukajsiskau i<ld";ukaf.a ldudYdj uq|=kam;alr.ekSu

msKsi Tjqkaj fhdojd.ekSfuz ysrsyerfhka Tjqkaj uqojd ksrrAnqoj jdihlsrSu Tjqkafj; m@odkh

lrknjhs'2uqidjdofhka je<lSu;,ska wF:!j;a jkafka wkqkai; i;Hh oek.ekSfuz we;swhs;sh

Tjqkafj; m@odkh lrknjhs'3

by; iZoyka lreKq i;frys hful jsiska huz wfhl W;aiyj;a flfrAo fmd<Ujkq,efnzo ta

W;aidyh jkdyS wkqkaf.a idudcsl whs;sh" wkqkaf.a idudcslksoyi ms<s.ekSu iZoyd flfrkakdjQ

W;aidyhla f,i ie,fla'4fuysoS fm<Ufjkakd;a" fmd<Ujkq ,nkakd;a hkfofokdu fulS

W;aidyfha iufldgialrejka nejska Tjqkajsiska iudchfj; olajkakdjQ ffu;@sh"lreKdj"uqos;dj

yd WfmaCIdj fuz;,ska jsoHudkfjz'5i;rn@yu jsyrKh mdollr .ksuska mxpYS, m@;smodj;,ska

iudcixia:dj fj; miajeoEreuz odkhka m@odkhlrk nj by; olajk,o lreKq Tiafia wmg huz

ks.ukhlg t<eUshyel'

fulS [email protected] jgskdlu ;j;ajevsjkafka fuzjd |@jHd;aul m@odkhkag jvd .Kd;aul

m@odkhka lrd t<efUknejsks'is; ishquz jkakg jkakg jvjvd;a by< .Kd;aul foa .@yKh

lr.ekSug thg yelshdj ,efnz'odkfhys .Kd;aul mCI ms<snZoj jvd ;rAldkajs; fukaau jspdr

mQrAjl wdl,amhla fy,Sug yelshdj ,efnkafka jsjD;ukilska l@shdlrkakdjQ l,aysh'tfukau

nqoaOsuh jYfhka Wiia;Fjhlgukiilialr.;a miqjh'fuf,i udkislieleiau ilialr

.ekSug;a"jsjD; ukilska lghq;lsrSug;a ,efnkwdldrfha b.ekajSula ld,duiQ;@fhys wvx.fjz'6

iS,h (Virtue)

wdrAhud.!fha iuzudjdpd iuzudluzuka; iuzudwdcSj hk wx. ;fkka hqla;jSu iS,hhs'fjk;a

jsosylska lshkjdkuz p;rAjsO jd.a|=Yaprs;fhkq;a ;@sjsO ldh|=Yaprs;fhkq;a fjkaj hym;a cSjk

meje;aulska hqla;jSu iS,hhs' iudcfha yeoshdjlska hqla; mqrjeisfhlafia l@shdlsrSfuz ,CIKh

iS,hhs' iuia: fn#oaO wOHd;ausl mqyqKqj usksidf.a iodpdr iajNdjh mrsjrA;kh lsrSu iZoyd

1 tu k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 2 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 25 03 2005 3 msgqj 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 4 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 5555 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQtu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQtu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQtu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da <afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da <afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da <afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmfu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmfu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmfu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fm----lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;akuqos;d iy.f;akuqos;d iy.f;akuqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id----WfmaCId iy.f;ak WfmaCId iy.f;ak WfmaCId iy.f;ak WfmaCId iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s 6 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuzOuzud wkjcACd bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuzOuzud wkjcACd bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuzOuzud wkjcACd bfuz Ouzud lì,d bfuzOuzud wkjcACd bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;xWmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;xWmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;xWmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x

100.kakd W;aidyhla jYfhka .;fyd;a iS,h fulS iajhx mrsjrA;kfha ijsZ[aZ[dKl yd

iuzm@cdkk l@shdj,sfhys iudruzNh yegshg ie,lsh yelsfjz'

;@sjsO YsCIdfjys iS,hg ysus ia:dkh yereKqfldg ta nq|=oyuska ksrAosIaG wfkl;a wdOHd;ausl

.Kiuqodh w;fryso m@uqLia:dkh ysuslr.kS' ima;jsYoaOsh w;r uq,a;ek iS,hg ,efnz' oi

mdrus;d oirdc Ou! ;@sjsO mqKHl@shd wdoS;kays fojeks ;ek iS,h ysusjS we;' iS,h jevSu fyj;a

/lSu hkq wmf.a prs;iajNdjhka jsmq,f,i oDV mrsj;!khla lrd fhduqlrjkq,nk wdldrfhka

prAhdrgdjka fjkia lsrSug h;akoerSuh'

md,s iQ;@dka;hkays iS,h hkak mqoa.,fhlf.a wdOHd;ausl ;Fjhkag yd ksIaGdjkag iuznJOj

jsia;rd;a ulf,i fjkfjku oelafjz' fn#oaOiudch mqZM,ajYfhka wxY follg fnokq,efnz'tkuz

.sys yd mejsos hkqfjks'fuz fnoSu jsuqla;sh fijSfuzoS olajk lemjSfuz iajNdjh u;rZodmj;S'iS,h

idrOu!hla jYfhka ie,lSfuzoS mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; mdrsYoaOsh /l.ekSug bjy,ajk

m@;sm;a;sud,djla fia yeZoskajsh yels “inzn mdKN~;d y“inzn mdKN~;d y“inzn mdKN~;d y“inzn mdKN~;d ys;dkqluzmss;dkqluzmss;dkqluzmss;dkqluzms” hkafkka oelafjk wkaoug

ishZMu m@dKSkajsIfhys ys;j;anjla wkqluzmdjla olajuska l@shdlsrSug wjYHlrk ldh jpS ufkda

hk oajdr;@fhka hym;aiajNdjh fuz uZ.ska iuzmQrAK lrhs'

wd.uz cd;s fNaohkaf.ka f;drj YsIaGiuzmkak iudchl l@shd;aul jshhq; idrOu! rdYshla

fuhska bosrsm;alrhs ta ksid YS,h idrOu!hla yegshg w;sjsYsIaG ia:dkhla .kakdnj lshhq;h'th

iudc idrOu!hla f,i muKla fkdj jsfgl iudc m@;sudkhla f,io fmkS isgshs'mxpYS, YsCIfjka

wrA:j;a jkafka uQ,sl udkj whs;sjdisluz f,i ie<fla'udkj ysusluz ms<snZo jsYaj m@ldYkfhyso

wka;rA.; jkafka fuu iudc m@;sudk moaO;shu jk nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fha mxpYS,YsCIdj oelafjz'i;ka fkduerSu"fidrluz fkdlsrSu"mrodr fiajkfhka

je<lSu1" fndre fkdlSu yd by; oelafjk lreKq i;frys wkHhka fhojSu jYfhks'fuysoS idudkH

mxpYS, YsCId fjka uola fjkiaj oelafjkafka miafjks YsCIdmoh nejz fmfk;;a jvdjsuis,su;aj

ne,qjfyd;a u;ajk |@jhhka .ekSfuka je<lSu hk YsCIdmofhysu wrA:h ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjk

mxpYS,m@;smodfjz miajk YsCIdmohf,i oelafjk by; wfkl;a YsCIdmohka wdrCIdlsrSu msKsi

wkHhka fm<UjSu hk ldrKfhys .enzjk njfmfka'

u;ajk|@jHhka .ekSfuka je<lSu hkq hym;a udkisl ;;ajhlska hq;j miqjSuhs'hym;a ukila

we;a;djQ mqoa.,hd ksrdhdifhkau hymf;ys ksr;jk"wkHhkao hymf;ys fhdojkakdjQ flfkls'

fuzksid jHxckdrA: fhka fjkiajqj;a woyiska tlunejz fuhska fmfka'

ld,duiQ;@fhys mxpYS, m@;smodj jsia;rjkafka uola bosrshg .shdjQ iajNdjhlsks'tkuz mxpYS,

m@;smodj /lSuiZoyd flfkl fhduqjSfuz ufkdajsoHd;aul mokuo ld,duiQ;@fha js.@yfjz'tkuz

flfkl wf,daNh" woafjzIh yd wfudayh hk udkisl OrAu mokuzlrf.k mxpYS,m@;smodj wdrCId

1 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d fikr;a nKavdr osidkdhl oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 25 03 2005 3 msgqj

101lsrSu iZoyd fhduqjknj olajd ;sfnz'fuzksid ld,duiQ;@hjkdyS iS,YsCIdfjz

ufkdajsoHd;aulmiqnsuo fy,slrk jeo.;a iQ;@foaYkdjla nj fmkajdosh yel'

Ndjkd (Meditation)

iir|=lska usoSug wjYHlrk wdOHd;auslYla;sh oshqKqlsrSu Ndjkdkus'“Ndfj;s“Ndfj;s“Ndfj;s“Ndfj;s lì,Ouzfuzyslì,Ouzfuzyslì,Ouzfuzyslì,Ouzfuzys

wdfiaj;S;s Ndjkdwdfiaj;S;s Ndjkdwdfiaj;S;s Ndjkdwdfiaj;S;s Ndjkd”hk jdlH js.@yfhka oelafjkafkao thhs'ps;af;ald.@;djhlskahqla;j iFjhd yd

f,dalhms<snZoj h:rA:h lulaoehs m@Z{dfjka jsksjso oelSu jsmiaikd Ndjkdfjka is|=flfrA'fuh mska

lsrshj;a w;rska iZoyka l<;a m@Odku li,h yegshgo jgyd.; hq;fjz.

iu: jsorAYkd hkqfjka fomrsosfldg olajk Ndjkdj jsuqla;sh mdolfldg mj;S'tlajrgu ;o

hlv hla jeks jia;jla kejSug W;aiy.kakjdg jvd gslska gsl huz huz l@u Ndjs;dlruska th

kjd.ekSu jeo.;ah' tfiau jsisrS mj;akdjQ is; tlZ.lrf.k ldupzPJodoS jsjsOwruqKqlrd .uka

.kakdjQ is; tajdhska uqojdf.k li,a iy.; wruqKq Tiafia tald.@;djhlg f.ktau iu:fhka

is|=flfrA'

“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”hkqfjka iZoyka lrkafka thhs'Ndjkdj jsuqla;s YdlaId;a

lrKhg m@uqL;djh oS;snqK;a"ffoksl cSjs;hgo fuhska ,oyels m@fhdack rdYshls' mqoa.,hdg

w;S;fha fyda wkd.;fha fyda fkdj jrA;udkfha cSj;ajSug fuhska uZ.fmkajhs' fuhska woyia

lrkafka huz l@shdjla lrkjsg ta l@shdj Tiafia isysh msysgqjdf.k l@shdlsrSfuz mqyqKqj fuhska ,nd

fok njhs'jsfYaIfhka i;s mgzGdk iQ;@h fuz wxYfhka b;d jeo.;afjz'tysoS u,uq;@ mylsrSu we;ZMj

ish,qu ls@hdjkaysoS i;s iuzmcZ[aZ[ fhka hqla;j isysl,amkdfjka l@shdlsrSfuz jeo.;alu wjOdrKh

fldg we;'iudc ixorANh;< idr Ou!hla yegshg Ndjkdj [email protected] m;alsrSu;,ska mqoa.,hd

g;a iudchg;a jsmq,M, ,nd.;yelsfjz'

ld,duiQ;@fhys jsia;rjk mxpiS,YsCIdfjka miq fhduqjkqfha tu iS,YsCIdjgmiqnsuzjQ ufkda

jsoHd;aul miqnsufoig nejz l<ska iZoyka lf<us'fuu ufkdajsoHd;aul miqnsu uqZMukskaumdfya wh;a

jkqfha m@Z{d YsCIdjghs'tkuz Ndjkd fldgighs'

fuysoS mqoa.,fhl;< we;sjkakdjQ f,daNh"oafjzIh yd fudayh1 hk |+Is;udkislFjh fya;`

fldgf.k mqoa.,hd we;,;skau wmsrsis|= flfklnjg m;ajk wdldrh;a"we;,; wmsrsis|= mqoa.,hd

w;ska lh jpk Ndjs;fhka is|=flfrkakdjQ iEufohlau fuzksid wmsrsis|=jk nj;a"kqjKska jgyd

.kakd m@Z{diuzmkak mqoa.,hd |+Is; jQ ps;a;ixl,amhka yeroud"wf,daNh"woafjzIh yd wfudayh2

hk msrsis|= ps;a; ixl,amhka [email protected];a"tlS mrsis|= ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a Ndjs;djfya; fldg

f.k ksrdhdifhkau iudcys;lduS oeyeus mqoa.,fhl m@;sksrAudKhlr .kS'

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 2 tu w,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshw,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshw,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshw,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;dadoskakps;af;dadoskakps;af;dadoskakps;af;da…w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dald,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dald,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dald,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da….wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dafudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dafudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dafudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da…

102 fuz whqrska iudcNdjs;djla iys;jQ OdrAusl mqoa.,hd ;j|=rg;a ;udf.am@;smodj jO!khlr

.kS' fuysoS Tyqf.a jO!kh jkafka m@Z{duh YsCIdjhs'fuz m@;smodj ;j|=rg;a bosrshg f.khk

fy;u i;rn@yau jsyrK kdufhka yeZoskafjk Ndjkdj jvhs'1tu Ndjkdj i;rn@yaujsyrK

kdufhka yeZoskafjkafka n@yauf,dalhka ys jev jdihlrkakdjQ n@yaurdchka ksrka;rfhkau

fuujdifhka hq;j isgsknejsks'fuu n@yauf,dal jkdyS mdrsYoaOFjfhka osjHf,dalj,g;a jvd

by<;,hlg wh;a jkakdjQ f,dalfjhs'osjHf,dal jkdys lduNjhgu wh;a Wiia;,hka ksfhdackh

lrhs'ukqIHf,dalho wh;ajkafka lduNjhguh' n@yau f,daljkdyS fulS ldu w;aoelSuz fCIa;@h

blaujdhdula fjhs'ldu w;aoelSuz fCIa;@h o<h2"fkd.eUqreh" jskdY ldrSh"|=lmuK blaujd

msrSmj;S'hfula fuf,i kqjKskaoekjgydf.k ldu Njhka flfrys l<lsrS"bkatf;rjSu msKsi

W;aiy flfrAo by; olajk,oaodjQ i;r n@yaujsyrK Ndjkdjka jvkafkah'

fufia n@yaujsyrK Ndjkdjka i;rla we;'3tkuz ffu;@sh"lreKdj"uqos;dj yd WfmaCIdj fjhs'

fuhska ffu;@sh hkq us;@;ajhhs'tkuz us;reNdjhhs'fuu us;@;ajh hk ixl,amh iudchla f,i

ukqIHm@cdj tlg tlaj lghq;lsrSfuzoS w;sYhskau jeo.;afjz'us;@;ajh fkdue;s;ek ffjrh oafjzIh

wdoS wys;lr ufkdaOu! yg.kS'lreKdj kuz wkqkaf.a |=flysoS ys;WKqjk iajNdjhhs'flfklf.a

jsm;foi n,d ta ;eke;a;dg Wojz jkafka fuz isf;a we;sjkakdjQ udkisl iajNdjfha n,mEfuks'

iduqyslcSjs;hla .;lsrSfuzoS wkqkafjkqfjka" wkqkaf.a hym; fjkqfjka ;udf.a huzhuz foalemlr

lghq;lsrSug wjYHlrkakdjQ udkislYla;sh ,efnkafka lreKdj flaJ|@fldgf.kh'uqos;dj hkq

wkqkaf.a oshqKqj yd hym; oeli;gqjkakd jQ iajNdjhhs'BrAIHdjg m@;smCI Ou!;djh fuzkuzfjz'

WfmaCIdj hkq isf;a we;sjkakdjQ uOHia:iajNdjhhs'

by; olajk,o i;rn@yau jsyrKhka mdollrf.k f,#lsl OHdk Wmojd.; yelsh'fuz wkqj

m@:u OHdkfha isg i;rjk OHdkh olajd Wmojd.;yel'ms,sfj,ska fu;a;d"lreKd"uqos;d yd

WfmaCId hk OHdkhka m@:u"|=;sh";D;sh yd p;F:s jYfhka wkql@ufhka ,enshhq;h'4

m;a;sodk(m;a;sx lFjdfoays Giving Pidgin)

m;a;sodk hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka mskaoSuhs' ;udl< msk wkqkag wh;alrjSu fyj;a whs;slrjSu

m;a;sodk kus' wdydrmdkdoshoSu mskalulajkakdfiau ;udl< msk wkawhg oSuo mqKHlu!hls'cSj;aj

isgsk whg;a ush.sh whg;a mskaosh yelsh'sfuysoS is|=jkafka mskaoSu ms<snZo is;js,a, my<lrf.k th

jpkfhka m@ldYlsrSuhs'mQcH frAreldfka pJojsu, ysushka ta.ek fufia iZoyka lr;s' ;udjsiska

l<mskla iFjfhlg fok l,ays udf.amsk wij,a kuwe;a;d wkqfudaokafjFjd lshd fyda udf.a

1 tu' iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afda iuzmcdfkda uQ<afda iuzmcdfkda uQ<afda iuzmcdfkda uQ<afda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fm----lreKdiy;f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy;f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy;f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy;f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;id----fmfmfmfm----WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;aF:sx b;s WoaOuf;da WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;aF:sx b;s WoaOuf;da WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;aF:sx b;s WoaOuf;da WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;aF:sx b;s WoaOuf;da lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s id wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s id wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s id wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 2 kqU kdvka foajodis uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl isZMusK brsod t;ai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 06 03 2005 24 msgqj 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 4 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq

103mshdg;a ysusfjzjd lshd fyda wefikfia lsjhq;h' iFjiuQyhlg mskafok l,ayS udf.a kEfhda fuz

msk wkqfudaokafjFjd lshd fyda lsj hq;h'

fuz mskaoSfuz ldrAhfhys c,h Wmfhda.S lr.kS w;ska w;g oSug fkdyelfohla oSfuzoS fuz l@uh

wkq.ukh lr we;' nsuznsidr rc;ud fjzZMjkh mqok wjia:dfjz w;meka j;afldg ta is|=l<nj

oelafjz'merKsusksiaiq c,h mQckShFjfhka ie,lSu fufialsrSug fya;jla jshyelshs'flfia fyda fjzjd

ush.sh Z{d;Ska Wfoid mqZ[aZ[dkqfudaokd lsrSfuz isrs; ixialD;sluh pdrs;@hlajYfhkq;a idrOu!hla

jYfhkq;a .kakdjsg iudcuh jYfhka jsfYaI jeo.;alula tys mj;S'

wdosld,fha isg ck;dj w;rmej;s u,jqka msoSfuz tla;rd l@uhla yegshgo fuz mqKHdkqfudaokd

ixl,amh oelajsh yelsh'ush.sh Z{d;sjre ms<snZoj Tjqkal< Wmldr isysfldg Bg m@f;Hdamldrhla

jYfhka lreKd iy.; yd lD;fjzoSye.Sulska fuu ldrAhh is|=lsrSu iudcuh jYfhka

f,dljeo.;alula we;sl@shdjla yegshg iZoyka l< hq;h'

ld,duiQ;@fhys mxpYS,m@;smodj oelafjk ia:dkfhys miajkYsCIdmoh jYfhka oelafjkafka

mrmK keiSfuka"fidrluz lsrSfuka"mrodr fiajkfhka 1yd uqidjdofhka hklreKq i;frka

je<lSlghq;lsrSu iZoyd wkHhka iudokalrjSuhs'fuys jsfYaIFjhlajkqfha cSj;ajisgshoSu

wkHhkayg li,.duSosjsfmfj;la .;lsrSu iZoydwdOdrWmldrjSuhs'fuysmd,sjpkh mruzms

;:;a;dh iudofma;s hkafkys iudofma;s hkqfjka meyeos,sju olajd we;af;a ndr.ekajSu"

ms<s.ekajSu hkwrA:h oelajSu iZoydh'

iudofma;s hk jpkh ia;S@"mqreI yd kmqxil hk ,sx.;kgu fmd|=jQjls'th iliajS we;af;a

ixixixix+wdwdwdwd+odododod +KdfmKdfmKdfmKdfm=iudofma;siudofma;siudofma;siudofma;s f,ih'ix hkak ksrka;rfhkau hym; ksjeros fydZo hk f;reu

f.kfokakls'tfukau fndfyda msrsila yg hym;ajQ hula ms<s.ekajSu fuz mofhka woyiafldg

;sfnz'fuu l@shdmoh ;ka ,sx.drA:j ;aj jrkeZ.Su;,ska fmd|=nj ms<snZoj bZ.shla ,ndfoa'tfukau od

Od;j oerSu ms,snZoj woyiaflfrk nejska iifrys ksrka;rju huzlsis lY,Yla;shla f.khdug

yelshdjla mqZMjkalula fuzuZ.ska ,efnknj;a"ta lY,Yla;sh fya;fldgf.k i;r wmdh nZ|=

|=rA.ia:dkhkays fkdjegS myiqfjka iir.uk fl<jr lsrSfuz yelshdjla ,efnknj;a"tnZ|=

wNjHia:dkhlg fkdjegS iq.;sfhys ordf.k isgSfuz yelshdjla by; olajk,o mqKHYla;sfhys

.enzjk nj;a i<ldwe;'

fuz wkqj mskaoSu hkl@shdj tys mgqrA:fhka fkdj b;dmqZM,aj ld,duiQ;@fhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=kajS

;sfnz' fuzksid u<jqkag mskaoSu .ekmuKla fkdj urKhg m;ajSug fmr fjk;a flfklf.a Njh

jdikdjka; ;;ajhg m;alsrSug wjYHlrkakdjQ li,Yla;sh msnsZojSu ms<snZoj Wmfoiaimhd ;sfnz'

m;a;dkqfudaokh (mska wkqfudaoka jSu ; Purchase Pidgin)

1 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz.fya f.vsld,d fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 25 03 2005 3 msgqj

104 fokakdjQ msk fiduzkiskahqla;j ms<s.ekSu m;a;dkqfudaokhhs'fuzl<yelsjkafka BrAIHfjka

f;dr i;a mqreIhdg muKs'ld,duiQ;@fhys iZoykawkaoug i;r n@yau jsyrK jO!kh lr.ksuska

iudch ;< wkqkajsIfhys iyfhda.fhka l@shdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd;, fuhg wkql~, udkisl

ixorANhla f.dvkef.k nejz ie,lshyel'uqos;djfyj;a BrAIHdfjkaf;drnj

n@yaujsyrKhkaysiZoykajk tlalreKla jk nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk i;rn@yaujsyrK mdolfldgf.k we;slr.kakdjQ ps;a; ixjrAOkh

m;a;dkQ fudaok li,;djhg iq|=iqjk mrsoafoka ukiilialrhs'mxpYS, m@;smodj wdrCIdlsrSu ksid

yg.kakdjQ ps;a;m@fudaoho i;rn@yaujsyrK jdihg iq|=iqjk udkisl jgdmsgdj ksrAudKh flfrA'

ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk mxpYS, m@;smodfjz miajeks wx.fhka bosrsm;aflfrkakdjQ mrmK

keiSfuka wkHhka je,elajSu"fidrluz lsrSfuka wkHhka je<elajSu"mrodr fiajkfhka wkHhka

je,elajSu" yd fndre lSfuka wkHhka je<elajSu hk lreKq i;rska wkHhka je<elajSuz jYfhka

l@shdlsrSfuzoS tui;a l@shdjka wkqu; lrkakdjQ yd tajd taldka;fhka hym;al@shd nejz ms<sf.k tajd

;ukao wkqfudaokajSu uZ.ska ;ukaf.a cSjs; jdikdjka; lr.ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ie<fia'

mqKH Yla;sfhys b;d jeo.;a Wmfhda.s;d ixorANh kuz fuf,dj cSjs;h jdikdjka; lr.ekSu

iZoyd th lukdldrfhka Wmfhda.Sjkafkaoehs hk oekqu we;sj isgSuhs'fudaok hk jofkys wrA:h

jkqfha i;gg m;ajSuhs'm;a; hk md,s jpkfhys f;areuz fndfyda we; Ndckh meusKs ,enQ wjfndaO

l< hk wrA: fuz w;rska jeo.;ah huzlsisjla oeuQ Ndckhl tu Ndckh msrS W;rd hk muKg

wjfndaOh ,enSu mqKHYla;sh hk jofkka woyiajQnj fmfka' ienjskau msk fyj;a mqKH Yla;sh

hkqfjka woyiajkafka huzlsis flfkl;, Ou!djfndaOh uZ.ska ,nk wjfndaO;dZ{dKh uqyqlrjd

hEuhs' iirska iir li, jsmdl f.k oS wjik ksj!dKdjfndaOh lrd mqoa.,fhl <Z.djkafka fulS

Ou!dfndaOh uZ.ska ,nk wjfndaO;dZ{dKh uZ.sks'

flfkl;< wjfndaOZ[dKh we;sjSu iZoyd jsoHd iuzm;a;sh fiau prK iuzm;a;sho ukdj tlyd

m@udKhg f.dvkeZ.S ;snshhq;h'ta wkqj nq|=iuh Ou!djfndaOh iZoyd nqoaOsuh fukau prAhduh

fm@arKhla yZ|=kajdfokq ,nhs'nqoaOsuh fm@arKh ;,ska jsuqla;sh lrd<Z.d jSug kuz ishZM

oDIaGsjdoj,ska uki ksoyia lr.;hq;h'ta hgf;a m@Odk jYfhkau Ydiaj; yd WpzfPao hk

oajsjeoEreuz oDIaGsuQ< m@Njfoflka is; ksoyialr.; hq;h'ishZM oDIaGs.;hka nsysjkqfha fuu

oDIaGsuQ< m@Njfol uQ<sl lrf.k nejsks'fuu oDIaGs uQ< m@Njfol uQ<sllrf.k we;sfjkakdjQ

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrSjkakdjQ pska;k wOsldrhka oyhla ms<snZoj ld,duiQ;@fha iZoykaj

we;'tkuz 1

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGshla nsyslrkakdjQ fohla f,i wkqY@jh(Report)

ie,fla'huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr .ekSfuzoS tlS jsIh m@ia;;h ms<snZoj

muKla wjOdkh fhduq fkdfldg yqfola wkqY@jKh u;umokuzj fyj;a jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdhmruzmrdhmruzmrdhmruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s

105;ukag tu jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia

l@shdlsrSug hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkakla nj nq|=iuh

mjihs' tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'1

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGshla nsyslrkakdjQ fohlaf,i mruzmrdkq.; nj

(mruzmrdh Tradition) ie,fla huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr .ekSfuzoS tlS jsIh

m@ia;;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduq fkdfldg yqfola mruzmrdkq.;nj u;umokuzj fyj;a

jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS ;ukagtlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd

ta Tiafia l@shdlsrSug hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka lrd<Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkakla nj

nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'2

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrkakdjQ fohlaf,i fufia fmr lshd;sfnk

nj (b;slsrdh Prologue / Presuppose) ie,fla huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr

.ekSfuzoS tlS jsIh m@ia;;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduq fkdfldg yqfola fufia fmr

lshd;sfnk nj u;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug

,enqkq wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia l@shdlsrSug hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by<

;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkaklanj nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhl f.a

ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|=lrjkakls'3

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrjkakdjQ fohlaf,i msgl iuzm@odhdkq.;

nj(msgl iuzm@odh Given in the Scripture) ie,fla huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr

.ekSfuysoS tlS jsIh m@ia;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduq fkdfldg yqfola msgl iuzm@odhd

kq.;nj u;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdr mQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq

wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia l@shdlsrSug hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka

lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkaklanj nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA.

mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|=lrjkakls'4

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGska nsyslrjkakdjQ fohla f,i ;rAlkh(;lal fya;`

Logical Implication) ie,fla'huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr .ekSfuzoS tlS jsIh

m@ia;;;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduqfkdfldg yqfola ;rAlkh u;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdr

mQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta

Tiafia l@shdlsrSug hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkaklanj

nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrkakls'5

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ta: ;ùzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ….. 2 tu' ud mruzud mruzud mruzud mruzmrdh mrdh mrdh mrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud msgl iuzmodfkkud msgl iuzmodfkkud msgl iuzmodfkkud msgl iuzmodfkk 5 tu' ud ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;

106 jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrSjkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrjkakdjQ fohla f,i kHdh(kh fya;`

Nomological Implication) ie,fla'huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr .ekSfuzoS tlS

jsIh m@ia;;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduqfkdfldg yqfola kHdh u;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdr

mQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta

Tiafia l@shdlsrSug hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkakla nj

nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'1

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrjkakdjQ fohla f,i mQrAj ixl,amkh

(wdldr mrsjs;rAlkh Diersification of Thought)2ie,fla huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla

we;slr .ekSfuzoS tlS jsIh m@ia;;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduqfkdfldg yqfola mQrAj

ixl,amkh u;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdr mQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq

wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia l@shdlrkakg hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by<

;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkaklanj nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a

ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'3

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrkakdjQ fohla f,i jshyelsnj fyj;a

iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dh Potentiatity) ie,fla huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr

.ekSfuzoS tlS jsIh m@ia;; h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduq fkdfldg yqfola iuzNdjs;dj u;

mokuzj fyj;a jspdr mQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq wdldrfhkau

jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia l@shdlrkakg hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka lrd

<Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkaklanj nq|=iuh mjihs tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA. mqKH

Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'4

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrkakdjQ fohlaf,i wdpdrAhjrhd

m@udKfldg .ekSu(iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor) ie,fla'huzlsis m@ia;;hl

ms<snZoj wjfndaOhla we;slr .ekSfuysoS tlS jsIh m@ia;;h ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduq

fkdfldg yqfola wdpdrAhjdoh u;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdr mQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h

oek.ekSug ,enqkq wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia l@shdlrkakg hdu ;ukaf.a

wjfndaOfhys by< ;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkaklanj nq|=iuh mjihs tfukau tlS

;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'5

jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ oDIaGSka nsyslrkakdjQ fohlaf,i by; iZoyka l< lreKq

kjh oDIaGSka jYfhka .ekSu yd ishZMu oDIaGSkaf.ka hqla;nj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the

Aspects) ie,fla' huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj muKla wjOdkh fhduqfkdfldg yqfola oDIaGSkaf.ka

w.;shg hduu;u mokuzj fyj;a jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS ;ukag tlS jsIh m@ia;;h oek.ekSug ,enqkq

1 tu ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;` 2 tu' ud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflak 3 tu 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud iufKd fkd .rE;ud iufKd fkd .rE;ud iufKd fkd .rE;ud iufKd fkd .rE;s

107wdldrfhkau jsYajdihg .ekSu yd ta Tiafia l@shdlrkakg hdu ;ukaf.a wjfndaOfhys by<

;;ajhka lrd <Z.djSug ndOdldrS jkakla nj nq|=iuh mjihs'tfukau tlS ;;ajh mqoa.,fhlf.a

ksirA. mqKH Yla;sh fkdmqnq|= lrjkakls'1

flfkl by; olajk ,oaodjQ nqoaOsuh m@ia;;h lrd <Z.d jSfuzoS Tyq w;ska l@shd;auljk prAhd;au

l miqnsulao nq|=iuh olajd ;sfnz'tkuz mxpYS, m@;smodjhs fu;ek b;du;a jeo.;a yd m@fjzYfuka

wOHhkh l<hq; ia:dkhls'ukao tfia fkdl<fyd;a ksjeros oelaulg wikakd fkdt<fUk nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fha nq|=r|=ka b;d meyeos,s f,iu olajd ;sfnkqfha lsis|= oDIaGsjdohlska f;drj b;du

meyeos,s iqmsrsis|+ jsjD; ukiska n,kakdjQ mqoa.,hd w;ska Tyqf.au iodpdrd;aul yDoYdCIsfhys

fufyhjSu;,skau mxpYS, m@;smodjTyq w;ska iqrCIs; flfrk njhs'fuhska weZ.fjkq fha huzlsis

mqoa.,fhla ;, ;sfnkakdjQ ishZM oDIaGSka isishuz l@uhlska uqZMukskau bj;a lrkakg bv ,efnzkuz

ksrdhdifhkau tlS mqoa.,hd iodpdrj;a mqoa.,fhla jkq we;snjhs'

fuhska wrA:j;a jkqfha mqoa.,hd Wm;ska u iodpdrj;a iodpdr .rel mqoa.,fhla f,i iq|=iq

mqKH Yla;shlska Wm;,enqj;a wd.ka;l flf,ia yd wli,hka uZ.ska Tyqj flf,iSug ,lajk nj

nq|=iuh ms<sf.k ;snqkq njhs'kQ;kfhys wdpdrjsoHdj;, fnfyjska l:dnyg ,lajk iodpdrd;aul

yDoYdCIsh ms<snZoj uq,skau wrA:olajd we;af;a nq|=iuh nj fuz wkqj fmfka fjk;a iuhjdohkays

olajd we;af;a iajNdj fhkau usksid kmqrg keUqrejSug YkH;djh olajkakdjQ iajNdjfhkau mdmS

mqoa.,fhl f,i wrA:olajk tlS wd.uzys mefKk oDIaGsfldaK wkqj mdmfhka nrjQ usksid

mdrsYoaOsh lrd <Z.dlrjkafka fojshka fyda iqmsrs iajNdjsl n,hka ( God as Super Natural

Power)2 uZ.sks'

kuq;a nq|=iuh Wmam;a;sfhka u usksid mqKHj;a mqKHiuzmkak mqoa.,fhl f,i ms<s.ekS we;' tlS

mqKHYla;sh ;j;j;a TmakZ.d.ekSug usksidg ms,sjkalu we;ehso nq|=iuh mjihs usksidf.a tlS

mqKH Yla;sh wdjrKh lrkakla f,i usksidf.a jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ pska;kuh

wOsldrhka olajdwe;'huzlsis fyhlska by; oelajQkdjQ psk;kuh wOsldrhkaf.ka usoS lghq; lsrSfuz

yelshdj usksidg we;sfjz" kuz usksid ;u iajNdjsl mqKH Yla;sh ;j;j;a TmakZ.d .kq we;snjg

nq|=iuh iy;slfjz'

fuz wkqj usksidf.a mshjs iajNdjh jk mxpYS, m@;smodj usksidf.a iyc ukqIHFjh uQrA;su;a

lrkakls'th lsishuz wd.usl ixorANhlg wh;a fohla fkdfjz iajNdjsl ukqIH whs;sjdishluz yd

hq;luz myla ms<snZoj bka lshefjz'3

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 2 The Flexibility of Caste Principles in a Kandyan Community in Aspects of Caste in South India,Ceylon and North-West Pakistan,Nur Yalman,ed.E.R.Leach,Cambidge University Press,1960,pp.78-112. 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;syka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;syka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;syka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s

108 mrmK keiSfuka fjkajSuhk YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;alrkqfha wkHhka i; cSj;ajSfuz we;s

whs;sh g fy;u .re lrkafkl njhs'1lsishuz wd.usl ixorANhlska uku wdjrKhlr fkd.;a

TzkEu mshjs isys l,amkdj we;s ukqIHfhlyg wkqkaf.a cSj;ajSfuys we;sw.h jgskdlu wjfndaO fjz'

hd. fyda lsishuz wd.usl lghq;a;la fjkqfjka fyda fjk;a fya;jla ksid ixfjzoS jsjD; ukila we;s

TzkEu wfhlg ;j;a flfklf.a cSjs;h ta iFjhdf.ka W|=rd.; fkdyel'ta cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh

ta iFjhdg ,efnkafka Wm;;a iuZ.h usksid jkdyS mD:sjsfhys iajdushd fkdfjz'Tyq;a tla;rd

wdldrhl irAjNCIl nqoaOsu;a cSjsfhls'Tyq nqoaOsu;a jQ muKska wfkla iFjhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuys we;s

whs;sh ;ud hg;g .ekSug l@shdlrhskuz th jsjD; ukilska lrkakdjQ l@shdjla fkdfjz'wkHhkaf.a

cSj;ajSfuys we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsrSuu mqoa.,fhlf.a mqKH Yla;sh jvd;a fydZoska Tmj;ajSug th

bjy,afjz'

woskakdodkfhka fjkajSu hk YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;a lrkafka wkHhkai; foam< mrsyrkh lsrSfuz

whs;shg fy;u .relrkafkl njhs'2 flfkl ;j;a flfklf.a fofmd<j,g jHdc wdldrfhka

ysusluz mEug bossrsm;ajkqfha ;ud wkqka yd f,dalh ms<snZo we;a;djQ oevsf,daN iy.; fpz;kdfjks'

tlS f,daNiy.; fpz;kdj u;jkafka oDIaGsiy.;j l,amkdlrk ksidh fufiajkafka mqoa., mqKH

Yla;sh oDIaGsfhka hgm;aj mj;sk ksidh'huzflfkla wdjD; udkisl iajNdjhlska l,amkd fkd

l<fyd;a lsis|= pska;k wOsldrhlg hgm;aj ;u pska;kh fkdfufyhjqjfyd;a ksirA. jYfhkau

Tyqf.a isf;a wkHhkai; foa wkqka /jgSu uZ.ska ;uka mrsyrkh lsrSu b;d idjoH jQjla nj Tyqgu

wjfndaOjknj nq|=iuh mjihs'

ksrjoHjQ iudc iuzu; jQ ,sx.sl l@shdj,shla;,g wkq.;jSu fyj;a ksrrAno mjq,a cSjs;hla

f.khdfuys iudcuh m@;sudkhg ;ukao wkq.@yh olajkafkl f,i lghq; lsrSu f;jk YsCId

moh jQ ldufhys jrojd yeisSrSfuka fjkajSu hkafka woyia flfrA'3 jsfYaI jYfhka ksrrAnqo mjq,a

ixia:djla .;lsrSfuys whs;sh fuz u.ska ;yjqreflfrA'bF|@shm@SKkh Tiafia yUdhkafkao ta Tiafia

idjoHjQ l@shdudrA. Ndjs;hg .ksuska lghq; lrkafkao oevs f,daNh lrKfldgf.kh';ud wjg

isgskakdjQ wfkl;a jsreoaO ,sx.sl iFjhska cSj;ajkqfha m@sh wruqKq b,a,dyZvd jefgk ;u bF|@sh hka

m@fndaOu;a lsrSu Wfoidu muKs'hk wdldrfhka oDIaGsiy.;j l,amkdlsrSu ksid huzflfkl`

Wm;ska /f.k meuskshdjQ mqKH Yla;sh hgm;a jS usksid iamrAY ldufhka Wu;jS ukqIHFjhg

flfiaj;a fkd.e<fmkdldrfhka b;du;a my;a ;pzP kskaos;dldrfh ka lghq; lsrSug fm<fUhs'

lsishuz flfklyg ;ukaf.a mqKH Yla;sh hgm;a lrf.k isgskakdjQ pska;k wOsldruh ;;aj

fhka uki ksoyia lr.kSug bv ,enqkfyd;a ta udkisl ksoyi w;am;a lr.kakdjQ m@udKhg

ldudYdfjka usoS lghq; lsrSfuz yelshd usksid ,nd.kshs'nq|=iuh fulS ;;ajh tlajru usksidg

YdCId;alr .ekSfuys wmyiqnj i,ld Bg huzlsis l@udkQl~, iajNdjhla tlalsrSug uq,a woshrhka

;,oS iamrAYlduh Nla;sjsZoskqfha iudc iuzu;hkag .relruska mjq,a ixia:dj;, jsOsu;a whqrska

1 tu' fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s 2 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq …k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s 3 tu ….k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s

109nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz'tlS ;;ajhka;,oS jqj;a mqKH Ylaksfhys msnsojSug th t;ruzu ndOdldrS

fkd jknj nq|=iuh mjihs'fuz ;;ajh Wmudjla uZ.ska fmkajdfok nq|=iuh wdrAhwIaGdx.sl

udrA.h;, .syshdf.a m@;smodj fudkr .ukg;a mejsoaodf.a m@;smodj yxi .ukg;a iudklr olajd

;sfnz'

wkqkai; i;H oek.ekSfuz we;s whs;shg .re lsrSu uqidjdofhka fjkajSu f,i olajd ;sfnz'1

wkHhkaf.a ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sj,shg ndOdldrSjkakdjQ ;;ajhla kuz h:drA:fhka neyerjkakdjQ

foa ikaksfjzokhjSuhs'iajNdjfhkau ukqIHhdf.a we;s mqKHldrl Yla;shkuz fulS ikaksfjzok

l@shdj,shg ndOdldrS fkdjSu yd tu ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sh h:drA:jdoS f,i mj;ajdf.k hduhs'tu

l@shdj,shg ndOjka we;sjkafka mqoa., uki wOsldruh pska;khkaf.ka |+Is; iajNdjhlg m;ajSuhs'

mdmhg yd wOsiajNdjsl n,hkag k;jS lghq; lsrSuksid oDIaGSka we;sfjz' fuu oDIaGSkau pska;k

wOsldrhka f,i mshjs jsjD; ukig n,mEuz fldg udkisl ksoyi wjqrdoukq ,nhs ksoyi wjqrd

oeuqkq ukil mqKH Yla;sh u; fkdfjz'

mxpYS, m@;smodfjys wjidk wx.h jkqfha whym;a w;g jk fm<UjSuzj,ska je<lSuhs'2

idudkHfhka fuh olajd ;sfnkqfha u;ameka mdkfhka je<lSu f,ih'sjHdckdrA:h tfiajqj;a fuys

.enzjkakdjQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul wrA:h jkqfha fm<UjSuz kHdhhs'fuu fm<ujSuz kHdh jkdyS whym;a

w;g fukau hym;a w;g hk fohdldrfhkau ls@hd;aulfjz'mxpYS, m@;smodfjys olajd we;af;a

whym;a w;gjk fm<USuz kHdh Ndjs;dlsrSfuka j<lsk f,ihs'idudkHfhka mxpYS, m@;smodfjz

u;ameka mdkfhka je,lSu f,i olajd ;sfnk fuz fm<UjSuz kHdh ld,duiQQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnkqfha

iDcqju fm<UjSuz kHdh f,iuh'fuz hgf;a by; olajk ,o fiiq jeros y;rg flfkl fmd<Ujd

,Sfuka je<lSu uZ.ska yd tu jeros fkdlsrSug flfkl fmd<Ujd,Su uZ.ska ld,duiQ;@fhys iZoyka

mxpYS, YsCIdj iuzmQrAKfjz ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk mrsos fuu fm<UjSuz kHdh hym;a osidjg

Ndjs;dlsrSu uZ.ska TzkEu flfklg ;ud;, we;s yd wkHhka;, we;s mqKHYla;sh mqnq|=jd .ekSug

yd tuZ.ska wrA:j;a hym;a ksjS iekiqkq cSjs; .;lsrSug Nd.Hh ,efnz'

urKska miq mqKH Yla;sh wkqfudaoka jSu fiau fuho cSj;aj bkakdl< ;ukaf.a Wm;ska f.k wd

mqKH Yla;sh u;lrjd .ekSug flfkl fhduqjSu b;djeo.;a jkafka hful cSj;aj isgskakdjQ l,

hym;a cSjs;hla .; lsrSu urKska miq wksjdrAhfhkau iq.;s.duS jSug fya;jla jknejsks'

fjhHdjpzp(Consideration)

nqoaOdoS W;uka we;ZM .re foudmsh wdoSkago jevsysgshkago wd.ka;ldoSkago ix.@y ie,ls,s lsrSu

fjhHd jpzpkus' uyck;djf.a m@fhdackh msKsi u,aM, yg.kakd .iaje,a frdamKh lsrSujeks mska

i,ld lh fjfyid lrkl@shd ish,a,u fjhHdjpzp lY,hg wh;ajknj oelafjz'

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 2 tu' mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s

110 mxpYS, m@;smodfjz ishZMu wx.hkaf.ka oelafjkqfha iudcfha fjfikakdjQ wfkl;a

idudcslhka f.a iudcsl osjsfmfj; kssrrAnqoj .;lsrSug wjYHlrkakdjQ"tu iudcmoaO;sfhau

fjfikkakka jsiska lrkq ,nkakdjQ hq;luz yd lghq; ish,a,o wh;ajkqfha fjhHdjpzp

lY,hguh'ulaksido h;a"wfkl;a idudcsl hkaf.a cSjs;h wdrCIdlroSfuys isg osjsmeje;au

myiqlrjSu olajd Tjqka fjkqfjka l<hq;jQ ksYaps; jevfldgila fuzuZ.ska ksrAfoaYfldg olajd

;snSuhs'fuz hgf;a jevsysgshka"foujzmshka".rejreka"frda.Ska flfrys muKlafkdj iudcfhys

fjfik iuia; idudcslhka jsIfhysu l<hq;jQ lghq; jsia;rlrfokq ,efnz'

isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhysoS uqZM uy;a iudch ujzmsh |+ore iuznJOh".re YsIH iuznJOh"iajdus

NdrAhd iuznJOh"ys; us;re iuznJOh".sys mejsos iuznJOh yd fiajH fiajl iuznJOh hk fldgia

ihla hg;g fnod ta ta tla tla fldgila w;r Tjqfkdjqka jsIfhys hq;luz yd j.lSuz hk

fojeoE/uz l@uhg hq;luz yd j.lSuz bgqlrkdldrh ukdj meyeos,s lroS ;sfnz'ld,du iQ;@fhys

by; iZoyka l<djQ fldgia ihg;a jvd mqZM,ajQ js.@yhla olakg ,efnz'tkuz uqZM uy;a iuia;

jsYajhu ;ukaf.a orejka jekshhs is;d Tjqka jsIfhys fu;a;d iy.; fpz;kdj fmroerslrf.k

lghq; lrkdldrhhs'

fuu iuia; cSjs m@cdj ld,du iQ;@fhys yZ|=kajd we;af;a inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx

hkqfjks' hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSu msKsi wruqKqlr.kakd iuia; cSjm@cdfjys m@udK rys;Ndjh

olajd we;af;a jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKk jYfhks'ksmd; mohla jQ inznOs hk mofhka

iEu;eku hk wrA:h f.k fohs'tfukau ksmd;hlajQ inzn;a; hkafkka woyiajkafkao iEu;eku

hk wrA:hhs'inzndjka;x hkqfjka woyiajkafka ish,a, we;,;a hkqhs'fuys uq,ska fhoS we;s inznOs

hkmohg jvd me;rekqnjla inzn;a;dh hk mofhys .enzfjz'tfiau inzn;a;dh hkmohg jvd

mqZM,anjla inzndjka; hk mofhys wvx.h'fufia kej; kej; fhoSu;,ska wrA:h WoaoSmkh

we;'tfiau wjOdrKhlr we;'fuhska woyia flfrkqfha isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys jsia;rlrkjdg jvd

b;du;a mqZM,af,i ld,du iQ;@fhys iudc idrOu! wdrCId lsrSfuys hq;luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldr

iajrEmh jsia;rlr we;snjhs'tu mqZM,a iajrEmh inzn hkjpkh Ndjs;dlsrSu ;,ska wrA:.kajd

we;snjhs'inzn hk jpkhg wvx.fkdjkakdjQ idrOu! fldgila fkdue;s nejsks'

ie,lsh hq; mqoa.,hkag ie,ls,s oelajSug ;ud;, we;a;djQ udkh hgm;a l< mqoa.,fhl jsh

hq;h'wNsOrAuh wkqj udkhg m@Odk jYfhkau n,mdkq ,nkafka fudayuQ<sl is;a foljk WfmaCId

iy.; jspslspzPd iuzm@hqla; is; yd WfmaCId iy.; WoaOpzP iuzm@hqla; is; hk is;a foflka

WfmaCId iy.; WoaOpzP iuzm@hqla; is;hs'fida;dm;a;s u.a. Z{dkh ,enSu;a iu.u f,daN uQ<sl is;a

i;r iuZZ.m@ySk jkafka fuday uQ< is;a foflka WfmaCId iy.; jspslspzPd iuzm@hqla; is;hs'WfmaCId

iy.; WoaOpzP iuzm@hqla; is; fidajdka ud.! ,dNshdf.a ps;a; ika;dkfha mjd ;ju;a b;srsj we;s

wli, Ou!hla ksid wdrAh mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; ik;dkfhys mjd fuys n,mEu olakg ,efnkq we;'

udkh hk wlY, Ou!h fl;tuz n,j;a oehs fuhska fmkS hd hq;h'wkd.duS mqoa.,hd flfrys mjd

wiausudkh f,i b;d ishquz wKq iy.k laf,aY n,mEula we;ehs lshkq ,efnz'fufia fyhska idudkH

jHjydrfhaoS mqyq|=ka mqoa.,hdg mjd ksy;udks hk jpkh jHjydr lrkq olakg ,efn;;a Ou!h

111wkqj th idjoH jHjydrhla nj lsj hq;h'ksy;udks hkqfjka jHjydr l< yelafl udkh

uqZMukskau |=rel< ry;ka jykafia yeZoskajSu iZoyd muKs'idudkH mqoa.,fhda tosfkod [email protected]

cSjs;fhaoS udkh fkdkeiQ tfy;a hgm;a l<dyq fj;s'Tjqka yeZoskajSu iZoyd Wps; jpkh wk;sudks

hkqhs'thska woyia flfrkafka udkh hgm;a l< ;eke;a;d hk wrA:hhs'

udkh ms<snZoj js.@yhl fhfokakg is|=jQfha wkHhkag .re id,ls,s olajkakdjQ mqqoa.,hd wksjdrA

hfhkau udkh hgm;al< mqoa.,fhl jshhq; fyhsks'udkdOsl mqoa.,fhlg tnZ|= is;la my< lr

.ekSfuz yelshdjla ke;'udkh Wmoskafka osgzGsh ksidh by;ska wdNsOuzusl jsjrKhla is|=lf<a

hf:dala; lreK ;yjqrelsrSu msKsih'udkh yg.kajkafka fudayuQ<sl is;aj,sks'fudayh hkq isf;ys

m@Ndiajrh wdjrKhjSu ksid tlS is;g ishquz lreKq wdmd;.; fkdjSfuz ;;ajhhs'us:H oDIaGs.;

jSu yd fkdfhla wdldrhkaf.ka ukfiys m@Ndiajrh u;jSug we;s bvlv wjqrdoeuSu ksid isf;ys

fuday kdufhka wrA: olajk isf;ys mqZM,a iajNdjh ke;slrkakdjQ ;;ajh yg.kshs'ld,duiQ;@fhys

oi jeoEreuz pska;k wOsldrhka kdufhka olajd we;af;a isf;ys meyenrnj jskdYlrkakdjQ lreKq

oyhls'tkus

wkqY@jh(Report)1 keue;s uki wdjrKh lrjkakdjQ ;;ajfhka je<lSu uZ.ska udkisl jsjD;

iajNdjh wdrCIdlr.ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ,efnz'wkqY@jfhysoS ;ukafj; jdrA;djk iEu fohlau

ksjeros fyda ;uka ta u;u msysgd l@shdl<hq;h hkqfjka ukig iSudjka mKjd .ekSu ;ud jsiska

;ukaf.a udkisl Yla;sh wl@shfldg .ekSuls'oDIaGs nsysjkafka ;uka ;ukag wjYH wdldrhg fkdj

;uka wkqkag wjYH wdldrhg l,amkdlsrSu uZ.sks'wo ckikaksfjzok udOH f;dr;re ikaksfjzokh

lsrSug jvd f,dj;, jsjsO u; ksrAudKh lrk yd tjeks u;jdohka jHdma; lryrsk oejeka;

cd,hka f,i l@shd;aulfjz'fuz hgf;a i;Hhg jvd Tjqka jsiska Tjqkag wjYH wdldrhg yd Tjqkag

jshouz lrk fj<Zo m@cdjg wjYH wdldrhg w,q;a w,q;a u;hka ksrAudKh lruska yd ta msKsi

ufkdajsoHd;aul isoaOdka; Ndjs;hg .ksuska b;du;a oshqKq ;dCIKfjzohka Ndjs;hg .ksuska

f,djg Tjqkag wjYH u;jdohka fnouska isgs;s'

fuz ;;ajh ;, todg jvd jrA;udk iudchg ld,duiQ;@.; fulS b.ekajSuzj, wka;rA.; lreKq

j, jeo.;alu wjfndaOjsh hq;h'fuz ;;ajh;;, ;ukaf.a uki jsjD;j ;nd.kakd wkaou wkqY@jh

hul ksjeros nj jsksYaph lsrSfuys tlu usKqu fldg .ekSfuys idjoHNdjh meyeos,sfjz'

;udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz'

huz lreKla mruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 u; mokuzj jsksYaphlg meusKSu ;ukaf.a

ukfiys jsjD;nj wjqrd ouk is; oDIaGsjdohkg fmd<Ujk fya;jlanjg m;afjz'huzmdruzmrsl jQ

oekquz moaO;shla ksjerosjsh yelsh' tkuq;a tfiajQ muKska tu foh wkaOf,i jsYajdifhka .ekSu;a

tu jsYajdihka ms<snZoj ;ukao lsis|= if;HCIK l@shdj,shla wkq.ukh fkdlsrSu;aksid mruzmrsl

oekqu fl;ruz Wiia jqj;a jsYsIaGjqj;a thska lsis|= M,m@fhdackhla ldygj;a fkd,efnz'tuksid

mrmqr ms<snZo fl;ruz jsYajdih ;nd l@shdl<;a ;ukao thska m@fhdachla fkd.kakdjQ oekquz moaO;s

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

112mjd yq|= oDIaGSka f,i i<ld bj; oeushhq;nj nq|=iuh fmkajd oS ;sfnz'thska udkisl jsjD;nj

ke;sjk ksidh'nq|=ka jykafia ish b.ekajSuz mjd myqrlg Wmudlr we; myqfrys wjYH;djh

.fZ.ka tf;rj hdu jskd lru; ;ndf.k hdu fkdfjz'fuhska .;hq; WmfoaYhkuz Wmfhda.S;aj

fhka yd [email protected];ajfhka f;drjQ hulafjzo th ksIam@fhdackjQjla njhs';udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz

bgqlsrSfuzoS Wmfhda.SFjfhka yd [email protected] hqla;jQ fuu udkisl wdjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau

jeoy;a fjz'

fufia fmr lshd ;sfnz(b;slsrdh Prologue / Presuppose)1 hkqfjka js.@yjkakdjQ hulafjzo bka

woyia jkafka wkd.; jla;Djreka fyda iDIsjreka osjeia,dNSka m@ldYlrk,o huzhuz foa tajQ

wdldrfhkau ms<sf.k [email protected] cSjs;fhys iEu lreKlau tajdg wkqj jsYaf,aIKhlrkakg hduhs'

nq|=iuh fuh oDIaGs nsyslrkakdjQ lreKla jYfhka i,ld m@;sfCImlr ;sfnz'fulS fm#rdKsl

lshuka tjdfhys fm#rdKsl nj i,ldu ksjeroshehs ms<s.ekSu fya; hqla;fkdfjz'tfia is|=lsrSu

udkisl jO!kh msKsi mj;skakdjQ lreKla fkdfjz'

fm#rdKsl lshuka i;Hjqj;a tjdfhys .enzjkakdjQ i;Hdi;H;djh ;udu wkq.uklr w;yod

n,d oek.kakjd jskd wkaOf,i jsYajdi lruska lsisjla fkdlr isgSu jrolanj nq|=iuh ms<sf.k

;sfnz'tjsg jsYajdih ms<snZoj .egZM u; fkdfjz i;Hdi;H;djh ;udu m@;HCIfldg f.kwe;s

nejsks'tjsg hf:dala; lreKms<snZoj oDIaGshlao we;sfkdfjz i;Hkuz ms,s.ekqugo wi;Hkuz neyer

,Sugo fuuZ.ska bv m@ia;djkdj ie,fik nejsks'lsisfjlf.a ndysr l@shdldrluz ;,ska i;Hh fkd

olsk ;ukaf.au is; msrslaid n,kakdjQ wfhlg jsjD; udkilska lghq; lsrSu ;,ska i;Hh oel.;

yel';udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau jeoy;a fjz'

hula wd.usl .@F:hkays wvx.jQ muKska(msgl iuzmodfkk Given in the Scripture)2 uqZM

ukskau th i;H oelSfuys,d ksrAKdhlhla lr.ekSfuys we;s fodaIh jkafka tlS wd.usl b.ekajSuz

fl;ruz [email protected] Fjhg wod< b.ekajSuzoehs tuZ.ska ksjeros jsksYaphlg t<USug bka lsisod

msgsjy,la fkdie,fik nejsks'tuZ.ska is|=jk tlu foh wd.usl b.ekajSuz uqZMukskau jerosf,i

[email protected] tuZ.ska uQ<OrAujdoS kdufhka woyiajkakdjQ wka;jdoS oDIaGSkag t<Ushyels nejsks'

ienjskau fuu uQ<OrAujdofhys m@Njh b;du;a jerosf,i oDIaGsiy.;f,i huz huz wd.usl

b.ekajSuz oevsj.@ykh lr.ekSuhs'

t;ekaisg Tyqg wfkla ishZMu iuh jdohka fmfkkafka ;ukaf.a b.ekajSuzmoaO;shg tfrysj

tkakdjQ i;re n,fjz.hka f,his'fuz fya;fldg f.k iajNdjslj hgm;ajS mj;sk udkqIsl

|=rAj,;d biau;jS wfkla whg jsreoaOj ieyeis yd idmrdOsf,i l@shdlrkakdjQ udkisl ;;ajhkag

mjd m;afjz'wd.usl uQ<OrAujdohkag yiqjS lghq; dkdlsrSug kuz udkisl jsjD;Ndjhla ;snSu

w;sYhskau jeo.;afjz'tfukau iudc ldrAhNdrhka bgqlsrSfuys,do jsjD; ukfiys jgskdlu

wjsjdos;h';udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau jeoy;a fjz'

1 tu' udududud b;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

113

;drAlslnj(;lalfya; Logical Implication )1 uki oDIaGs iy.; lrkakdjQ fya;jla jYfhka

nq|=iuh olajd ;sfnz';rAlh jkdyS usksidf.a huz huz Ndjs;hka l@shdldrluz iZoyd usksid jsiska

ksmojd .kakd,o f,#lsl fuj,uls'f,#lsl jsIhls kQ;kfhys mrs.Kl oDvdx. ;dCIKh ;,

;ukag wjYHldrAhh iZoyd bxcsfkarejka w;ska mrs.Klhka ksrAudKh flfrkqfha mrs.Klh ,jd

;ukag bgqlrjd.ekSug wjYH ldrAhh iuzu; ;drAlsl ixfla; l@uhla (Logical Symbol System /

Logic Gates ) njg mrsjrA;kh fldg tu mrsjrA;s;h yels;dla bxcsfkare .Ks;uh isoaOdka;

fhdod iqZMfldg bka wk;rej wod< mrsjrA;s;hg wju jYfhka wjYH oDvdx. WmlrK

fudkjdoehs tajd lukdldrfhka ms<sfh<jsh hq;oehs ;SrKhlg tkq ,efnz'

wk;rej iq|=iqmrsos ;dCIK Ys,amSka fhdojd Tjqka,jd mrs.Klh tl,ialrjd wjikalrhs'

mrs.Kl bxcsfkarejrhdf.a oCI;djh yels;dla wju msrsjehlska by<u ksudj we;slsrSuhs'tfukau

by<u ;dCIKh tafjkqfjka Ndjs;hg .ekSuhs'fuysoS bxcsfkarejrhd wod< ldrAfhys Ndjs;hg

.kafka ksfYaOkh nsx|=j f,i yd m@;scdkkh tl f,i fhdod.kakd oajsm@ldr(Binary) wgdldr

(Octal) oidldr(Decimal) hkqfjka kuzjk Ydia;@Sh ;rAlkh l@shdj,shls'fuys we;af;a wod< ldrAh

hg muKla j,x.jk iSus; jsIdkqnoaO rduqjls'kjSk f,dj;, ;rAlkh by;olajk ,o ldrAhh

yerekq fldg jsjsO ldrAhhka iZoyd Ndjs;hg f.k ;sfnz'kuq;a ta yeu wjia:djloSu thg tys iSus;

iusu; rduqfjka Tnzfnys we;s fohla ms<snZoj huzlsis ks.ukhla ,ndoSfuz yelshdjla fkdue;'oekqu

wNsnjd hkakdjQ ;ksj ;SrK.;yels iajSh nqoaOshla we;s nqoaOsuh ;SrK .;yels ;;ajhla

;rAlkh;, .enzfkdfjz'

fuz ksidu flf;la jsoHdj oshqKqjjo usksia ukfia usksia nqoaOsfha iaajShnjg wNsfhda.l<yels

mrs.Klhla fkdksmofjkq we;'fuz ;;ajh ch.ekSug uShka jeks i;kaf.a fud,fhka ,nd.kakd,o

iakdhq kshqfrdak ffi,hka bf,lafg@dv yryd jsoHq;a mrsm:j,g iuznJOfldg tuZ.ska mrs.Klj,

g ch.ekSug fkdyels jqk iajSh ;;ajh mrs.Klj,g ,ndoSug jsoHdZ{hka jssiska oeka mrAfhaIK

mj;ajkq ,efnz'flfia jqj;a fuuZ.ska meyeos,sjsh hq;af;a ;rAlkh uZ.ska jvd;a jsia;SrAK jQ by<

oekquz mrdihka w;am;alr fkdfok njhs'tfukau usksia nqoaOsh mrsmQrAKFjh lrd.uka lsrSug

wjldY fkdie,fik mrsoafoka nqoaOs jsldYkhg wjysr;d fuuZ.ska we;sjk njhs'

fuz ksidu yqfola ;drAlslnj hkak ksIaM, jQjls jsjD; ukilska hghq; lsrSu yeu w;lskau

hym;ah';udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl jsjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz jsjD;

udkislFjh we;s ;ek kukaf.ka wkqkag jshhq; hq;luz j.lSuz ish,a, ukd whqrska bgq lsrSug

wjYH lrkakdjQ udkisl lY,;djh f.dvkefZ.a'

kHdh(kh fya; Nomological Implication)o2 lsishuz jsIh.; Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhla muKs'thska

,nd.; yels ks.uko tlS Ydia;@Sh jsIhfha iSudj f;la muKs'tlS iSudfjka Tnzfnys ,efnk

ks.uk h:drA:h flfiafj;;a Ydia;@Sh ks.uk f,iskaj;a tajdg ms<s.ekSula fkd,efnz'ridhk

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya; 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq udududud khfya;`khfya;`khfya;`khfya;`

114jsoHdj ms<snZo kHdhka .refldg .ksuska wdrA:sl jsoHdj ms<snZo ks.ukj,g t<Ush fkdyel'

N~.rAN jsoHdj ms<snZoj i;Hjk kHdhka .Dy jsoHdjg wi;Hfjz'fuzjdfhys iSus;nj ksid;a mD:q,

mrdihls ka is|=lrkakdjQ nqoaOsuh ks.uk iZoyd fuzjd Ndjs;d lsrSu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajd

fohs'wod< jsIh iSudfjka msg; Ydia;@Sh jYfhkao wi;HjkakdjQ ixorANhla;< cSjs;fhys wdkqN~;sl

i;a;dj ka .fjzIkfhys ,d fuzjdfhys wfhda.H nj .ek l:dl<hq;o fkdfjz'fuzksid oDIaGsjdo nsys

jk fya;jla f,i i,ld nq|=iuh kHdh huzhuz lreKq jsksYapfhys ,d irAj iuzmQrAK usKquz oZvqjla

lr.ekSfuka je,lshhq;nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz';udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;

Ndjh w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz'

mQrAj ixl,amkh (wdldr mrsjs;rAlkh Diversification of Thought )1 hk lreK huz huz

lrKq ms<snZo jsksYapfhysoS udkisl wdjD;nj yd oDIaGSuhnj we;slrjkakdjQ ;j;a lreKls'TzkEu

lreKloS Bg wod< m@ia;;h muKlau ksrSCIKh lr ks.ukhlg meusKsh hq;h'huzlsis lreKla

ms<snZoj wod< lrefkka mrsndysrj ;ukaf.a isf;ys tlS lreK wruqkqfldg my<jkakdjQ is;sjs,s

yd ixl,amkd jkdyS ;ukaf.au fohlafjhs'tnZ|= ;ukaf.au l,amkdud;@hka ms<snZoj ;uka meusfkka

kdjQ ks.uk jkdyS wod< m@ia;;h ms<snZoj meuskqkdjQ ks.uk fkdj ;ukaf.a is;sjs,s .eku ;uka

meuskqkdjQ ks.ukhla fjhs'

fuh hf:dala; lrefkka uqZMukskau bj;g .shdjQ ldrKhls b;du wYdia;@Sh l@ufjzohlao fjhs'

funZ|= wYdia;@Sh l@ufjzohka Ndjs;hg f.k meusfkkakdjQ ks.uk mdoljkafka ;ukaf.a udkisl

iSudj;,u muKla ksid th ;udf.au oDIaGshlg fldgqjSulao fjhs'bka nqoaOsuh msnsoSulao we;s

fkdfjz'tnejska nq|=iuh jsiska mQrAj ixl,amkh hula ms<snZo ksjeros ks.ukhlg meusKSu iZoyd

fhdod.kakd tlu usKquzoKavlr .ekSfuka je,lshhq;nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz';udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz

bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau jeoy;a fjz'

iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dh Potentiatity)2 hkak wjsksYaps;;djh yd ineZos fohls jshyels nj hkako

fuhg jHjydrfjhs'fuys jshyels njfukau fkdjshyel hkako .enzfjz'tlaflda jshyel ke;fyd;a

fkdjsh yel hkakhs'fuu jshyelsnj fyda fkdjshyelsnj ;SrKh flfrkqfha wod< m@ia;;h ms<snZo

j uSg fmr ,nd .kakd,o oekqu yd w;aoelSuz mdolfldgf.kh'oekqu hkqo jsIhdkqnoaO w;aoelSuz

fCIa;@hu fjhs'fuyswe;s |=rAj,Fjh fulS jsIhdkqnoaO w;aoelSuz fCIa;@h ksh;hla f,i .ekSuhs'th

jrA;udkfha ,nd.kakd,o ks.ukhg idfmaCIlj w,q;a oekqula fkdjSuhs'

jrA;udk ks.ukhla iZoyd mdollr .kafka w;S; w;aoelSuz jSu fuys we;s |=rAj,;djhhs'fuz ksid

fulS oekqu mdollrf.k ,ndfokakdjQ ks.uk w;S;hg wod<tajd jkjd usil flfiaj;a jrA;udk

ld,hg fyj;a mj;skakdjQ h:drA:hg wod< fkdfjz'tfiau tajd Ydia;@Sh o fkdfjz fys we;s ;j;a

|=n,;djhla jkqfha jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyelsnj jeks wka;follg muKla oekqu iSudfldg

1 tu' ud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflak 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

115oelajSuhs'tnejska huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj ksjeros jsksYaphlg meusKSfuzoS iuzNdjs;dj tlu

usKquzoKavla lr.ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh mjihs'

.rejrhdf.a jpkh(iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 hk ldrKh .; fyd;a

wjsjdohlska f;drj yeufokd jsIfhysu yeujsgu .rel<hq;h'wJOdkqlrKh lsrSu ksid .re

WmfoaYfhka ,ensh yels uyZ. wjia:d .s,syS hhs tnZ|= wjia:djka yeujsgu uZ.yrjd.; hq; nj

muKla nq|=iuh fuhska woyialrhs'.rejrhd yeu jsgu YsIHhdg ksjeros uZ.fmkajSula is|= lrk

w;r tu .rejrhd fmkajk l@shdudrA. wkq.ukh fldg ;ukaf.a ishZM lghq; idrA:l lr .ekSu

.rejrhd YsIHhdf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;jk hq;lula f,io fmkajdosh yelsh'tfia is|= fkd fldg

wkjYH wdldrfhka .rejrhdf.a jpkh oDIaGs.@ykh fldg ksrrA:l jdojsjdodoshg meg,efjuska

l,ayerSu ;ukaf.a nqoaOsjrAOkhg ;snqKq wkZ.s wjia:djla uZ.yer .ekSuls'2

fuu m@ia;;h hgf;a fndfydafokd fkduZ. hkafka;a jeros [email protected],g t<efUkafka;a

.rejrhdf.a jpkh wid OdrKhlr ms<smeoSulska f;drju th tlajru oDIaGs.@yKhlr ta Tiafia

;u ksrAudKd;aul pska;kh hgm;anjg muqKqjd.kakd nejsks'nq|=r|=ka mjd ;u [email protected]

n,dfmdfrd;a; jQfha wJOjsYajdih fkdfjz'3;ukaf.a b;diqZM wjjdoh mjd uekjska fufkysfldg ta

wkqj l@shdfldg ps;a; ixjrAOkh we;slr.;a Y@djlhka foin,d wkHhkago th wdorAYhlg f.k

l@shdlrkf,i mjid we;'fndfyda foa oek fkdms<smeo bkakjdg jvd ms<smeoshyelsjQ lvdfoh jqj;a

uy;a jeo.;aanj Ouzumofhys oelafjz'4 ;udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;

Ndjh w;sYhskau jeoy;a fjz'

by; olajk ,o lrKq kjh yd fjk;a lreKq fya;fldgf.k bka huz huz oDIaGSka nsyslr .kS

kuz(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide Aspects)5 tlS oDIaGsfya;fldgf.k udkisl msnsoSu ke;sjk

nj ld,duiQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz'n@yaucd, iQ;@fhys fuu oDIaGSka b;du;a mqZM,a jYfhka idlpzPdjg

f.k;sfnz ;udf.a hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSfuzoS fuu udkisl wdjD;Ndjh w;sYhskau jeoy;a fjz'

wmpdhkh(Respection / Worship)

wmpdhkh hkqfjka woyialrkafka .rel<hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kagf.#rj lsrSuhs'

jhiska yd .Kfhka jevs we;af;da .rel<hq;af;dahs .KOu! mCIfhaoS jhig jvd .Kh ie,fla'

“fha nqoaOfha nqoaOfha nqoaOfha nqoaO umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj iq.a.;sx'”umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj iq.a.;sx'”umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj iq.a.;sx'”umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj iq.a.;sx'”

1 tu' ud iufKda fkd .rE;sud iufKda fkd .rE;sud iufKda fkd .rE;sud iufKda fkd .rE;s 2 Ouzumo jsjrKh rkafodfUz isrsjdpsiair ysus yd fudr.,af,a isrsZ[dfKdNdi;siai ysus bF|@d uq|@Kd,h uSgshdf.dv 1956 33 msgqj nyquzms fj iys;x Ndiudfkd k ;lalfrd fyd;s kfrd mu;af;d f,dfmd p .dfjd nyquzms fj iys;x Ndiudfkd k ;lalfrd fyd;s kfrd mu;af;d f,dfmd p .dfjd nyquzms fj iys;x Ndiudfkd k ;lalfrd fyd;s kfrd mu;af;d f,dfmd p .dfjd nyquzms fj iys;x Ndiudfkd k ;lalfrd fyd;s kfrd mu;af;d f,dfmd p .dfjd .Khx mfrix k Nd.jd iduZ[aZ[iai fyd;s.Khx mfrix k Nd.jd iduZ[aZ[iai fyd;s.Khx mfrix k Nd.jd iduZ[aZ[iai fyd;s.Khx mfrix k Nd.jd iduZ[aZ[iai fyd;s 3 tu wmamuzms fl iys;x Ndiudfkd Ouzuiai fyd;s wdkqOuzupdrS rd.c p fodaix p mydh fudyx iwmamuzms fl iys;x Ndiudfkd Ouzuiai fyd;s wdkqOuzupdrS rd.c p fodaix p mydh fudyx iwmamuzms fl iys;x Ndiudfkd Ouzuiai fyd;s wdkqOuzupdrS rd.c p fodaix p mydh fudyx iwmamuzms fl iys;x Ndiudfkd Ouzuiai fyd;s wdkqOuzupdrS rd.c p fodaix p mydh fudyx iuzumamuzumamuzumamuzumam Odfkd iqjsuq;a; ps;af;d wkqmdoshdfkd bO jd yqrx jd I Nd.jd idudZ[aZ[iai fyd;sOdfkd iqjsuq;a; ps;af;d wkqmdoshdfkd bO jd yqrx jd I Nd.jd idudZ[aZ[iai fyd;sOdfkd iqjsuq;a; ps;af;d wkqmdoshdfkd bO jd yqrx jd I Nd.jd idudZ[aZ[iai fyd;sOdfkd iqjsuq;a; ps;af;d wkqmdoshdfkd bO jd yqrx jd I Nd.jd idudZ[aZ[iai fyd;s 4 tu fhdfp .d:d I;x Ndfi wkF:mo ixys;d tlx Ouzumox fihHd hx iqFjd Wmiuzu;sfhdfp .d:d I;x Ndfi wkF:mo ixys;d tlx Ouzumox fihHd hx iqFjd Wmiuzu;sfhdfp .d:d I;x Ndfi wkF:mo ixys;d tlx Ouzumox fihHd hx iqFjd Wmiuzu;sfhdfp .d:d I;x Ndfi wkF:mo ixys;d tlx Ouzumox fihHd hx iqFjd Wmiuzu;s 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLkud osgzGs kscACOdklaLkud osgzGs kscACOdklaLkud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shda;shda;shda;shd

116 “wNsjdok iS,siaiwNsjdok iS,siaiwNsjdok iS,siaiwNsjdok iS,siai kspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKdakspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKdakspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKdakspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKda iqfLdan,x”iqfLdan,x”iqfLdan,x”iqfLdan,x”

.rel<hq; whg .re lsrSu hym;a l@shdjla jkakdfiau".rel<hq;a;ka g .re fkdlsrSuo

whym;a l@shdjla yegshg fmkajd we;'tfiajkafka flfkla .re l,hq;af;lg .re fkdlrkafka

Tyqf.a is;;< udkh jeks wlY, ffp;isl hka jevsjYfhka n,mdk ksidh' tuksid Tyqf.a uki

fuz wjia:dfjzoS wlY,mCIhg keUqrejla oelajSu th whym;a l@shdjla yegshg ksrAjpkh lsrSug

fya;fjz'

mqoa.,fhl iq.;s.duS lrjshyelafla tu mqoa.,hd iudch jsIfhys .relrkafkl kuzmuKs'fuz

hgf;a wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;shg f.#rjlsrSu m@OdkFjfhys,d ie,fla'1;ud ;ukaf.a

cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hdfuzz we;s whs;shg f.#rj lrkjdfiau wkqkao Tjqkaf.a cSjs; mj;ajdf.k

hEfuz whs;sh b,a,disgskafkda fj;s'.Kj;kafiau .Kj;afkdjkmqoa.,hkaygo ;ukag ;ukaf.a

cSjs;h w.kdnejska iEu fokdf.au cSj;ajSuz we;s whs;shg iEufokd jsiskau .rel< hq;jkafkah'

fm#oa.,sl foam< ksoyfia Nla;sjsZoSug ukqIHiudcfha fjfikakdjQ iEufofklju whs;shla

we;af;ah' .Kj;a yd .Kj;a fkdjk ishZM fokdflfrysu fuu whs;sh we;af;ah'2tnejska tu ;;aj

hg .relr wkqkaf.a foa fidris;ska .ekSfuka je<lsh hq;h'fuz hgf;a ;ukalrkakdjQ /lshdj mjd

wjxljsh hq;h' fkdfhl;a jxpd |+IK wdosfhka uqo,a bmhSuo fidrlu hg;g .efkk nejsks'

wjxlju Y@uh fkdj.rd Wmhk iEu Y;hlau fuzwkqj fidrlug wh;ah'ta ;uka iQrd.kakd uqo,

;jwfhlg wh;afohla";j wfhlg ,enshhq;jQ fohlanejsks'fuz wkqj tuuqo, wjxlju ysusjsh hq;

;eke;a;df.a tu whs;sh lvjk nejsks'

fuzksid ukqIHFjh .relrk TzkEu flfkl fjk;a flfklg ysusjkakdjQ fuz iuzm;a jxpksl

f,i ;uka w;am;alr.ekSu fkdl<hq;h'iudc ixia:dj ksrrAnqo j mej;Sug kuz wksjdrAh fhkau

tys idudcsl hka w;frA we;sjk wka;rAmeje;au wksjdrAhfhkau jsOsu;a iajrEmfhka is|=jsh hq;h'

mjq,a ixia:dj lvdu iudctallh f,i ie,fla'by;ska olajk,o jsOsu;a iajrEmh lvdu iudc

tallhjk mjq,a ixia:dj;< b;dfydZoskau jsoHudk jshhq;h'3

mjq,a ixia:dfjz ksrAnqo meje;au msksi mrodrfiajkfhka je<lSu w;HjYHldrKhls'4fuz hgf;a

nsrsZo ieushd fkdblaujuska lghq;lsrSu;a"ieushd jsisk nsrsZofkdblaujuska lghq;lsrSu;a w;HjYH

lreKls' fmros.ixialD;sh;< fuz;;ajh b;d fydZoska wdrCIdjS mej;k;a wfma ixialD;sh f,dal

ixialD;Skag jsjD;lsrSu;a iuZ.u jdf.a ndysr ixialD;Ska fj;ska fmros. ixialD;Skays wdrCIdjS

mej;kq fuu;Fjh jskdYjS hkakgjsh'jsfYaIfhkau ldkakdj flfrys mqreIhd;, ;snQ f.#rjKSh

1 tu' fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s 2 tu k woskkx wdosh;sk woskkx wdosh;sk woskkx wdosh;sk woskkx wdosh;s 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 4 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj'

117wdl,amh yd ms<s.ekSu;a mqreIhd flfrys ldka;dj;, ;snQ f.#rjKSh wdl,amh yd

ms<s.ekSu;a l@udkQl~,j oshfldg yrskakg ngysr ixialD;sl wdNdIh iu;ajsh 1

jsfYaIfhkau ngysr ldka;djg mej;s wiSus; mSvkh yuqfjz Tjqkajsiska wdruzNl< ia;@Sjdoh

keue;s is;sjs,soduh ldka;djkag tjeks ;;ajhlska fkdie,l~ fmros. iudch;<o ta wdldrfhkau

l@shd;aul lrkakg hduksid fmrfkd;snQ iudcuh .egZM u;jkakg jsh'jsjdy fkdjS tlgjsiSu

(Living Together) 2jsjdyfhka miq ;u ieushdf.a jdi.u Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz iduzm@odhslisrs; bj;

oud(tfialsrSuksid ;uka mqreI wdOsm;Hhg k;jkafka hehs Bkshd ia;@SjdoSka3 jsiska W.kajd ;snSu)

jsjdyhg fmr ;snQ ;ukaf.a jdi.uu Ndjs;hg .ekSu";u ieushdg wu;rj ;j;a mqreIfhl`

;ukaf.a fmuzj;d f,i weiqre lsrSu"4(Husband & Boyfriend)ieushdg ks.rejk ldhsl jdpisl yd

udkisl l@shdjkays ksr;jSu yd oafjzI iy.;f,i ieusshdj jsgska jsg yd uqZMukskau w;ayer oud

hEu"5u;ameka yd u;a|@jHNdjs;h".nzidj"kdrs us:qkh"nyqmqreI fiajkh"lur wmfhdackh yd by<

iudc ia:rhkag ,sx.sl Y@uh imhkakdjQ wkshuz tfy;a jD;a;Sh .Ksldjka fkdjkakshka f,i

lghq;lsrSu (Indefinite Prostitution of High Flying in Consequential Capitalistic System)6

jeks l@shdjka ldka;d mCIh jsIfhys n,mdk ,o wys;lr ,CIKjsh'

ngysrska uQ,H m@;smdok,nk rdcHfkdjk ixjsOdk" ia;@Skau muKla flaJ|@lr.;a jsjsO

ixjsOdk ius;s iud.uz"by< iudc ia:rhka wdYs@;j nsysjk jsjsO Wm ixialD;sl lKavdhuz ;,ska

f.da,ShlrKhg msjsiSfuz udj;la f,i fyda mYapd;ajkHjdoS pska;khg wkq.;jSfuz l@shdj,shla

f,i7 fyda kjSk jeo.;a Wiia isrs;la f,i fyda by; iZoykal< |=isrs;a jrA;udk iudcfhys

b;du;a l<Sk wOHdmksl yd mjq,a miqnsu w;ska oshqKqhehs iuzu; jeo.;a iudcugzguz j, wh

w;rmjd kjSk js,dis;djla fuka b;du;a iS>@fhka jHdma;fjuska hhs'8

jsfYaIfhkau jsfoaY.;jS isg furgg meusfKk ldka;djka ;uka jsfoaY ixialD;Skays oS ,;a

wdNdIh ksoyi yd yqrej furg ixialD;sh flfryso wjspdrj;af,i wdfoaYlsrSug ;e;alsrSu lrK

fldgf.k fuz ;;ajh jvd;a fjz.fhka jHdma; jSug m@Odk fya;jla jS we; ujzjreka ;u W;uz

ud;D;ajh flfrys jvd;a f.#rjhlska i,ld l@shdlsrSug fm<USu uZ.ska fuu ;;ajh md,kh

lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnkjd muKla fkdj mjq,a ixia:dfjz ksrrAnqo meje;augo th bjy,ajkq we;

fN#;sl wxYhkaf.ka fl;ruz j;afmdfydi;aluz we;a;ka jqj;a lvdl< isgu idrOu! flfrys

1 tu 2 kqU kdvka foajodisz'uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03' 2005" 24 msgqj' 3 ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi," oskusK wZ.yrejdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U"22 03' 2005" 25msgqj' 4 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vsld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03 '2005" 3 msgqj' 5 tu' 6 ia;@S mqreI iudc Ndjh yd mjq,"tuz' cS' ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004"77-96 msgq' 7 ia;@S mqreI iudc Ndjh yd mjq,"tuz' cS' ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004' 8 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03' 2005"17 msgqj'

118f.#rjhlska is;d lghq; fkdlsrSu yd .KOu! flfrys wjZ{dfjka ne,Su fuz ;;ajh WodjSug

fya;jhs'1

cSjkigkg Wrfok ldka;dmCIhyg ksrka;rfhkau .ejiSug wksjdrAhfhkau is|=jk |+Is;

iudc mrsirh"whym;a cSjs; .;lrkakdjQ iuyrwh wfkla who ;ukaf.a f.dvg tlalr.ekSu

msKsi Tjqkaf.a wmsrsis|= cSjs;j, ienjskau fkdue;s iqJorFjhla we;a;dfia riuqiqlr mejiSu

;,skao is|=jkqfha wysxilhka f.a msjs;re cSjs; wjq,alroeuSuh'2mjq,a tallh nsZojegSu orejkaf.a

udkisl fi#LHh msrsySuflfrys iDcqju n,mdhs'3ienjskau ;udf.a yd wkhHkaf.a idudcsl

osjsfmfj; yd ukqIHOu!h flfrys .relsrSula olajkakdjQ hym;a ukqIHhka jYfhka yeisrSug

nq|=iuh n,lrkqfha Bkshdia;@SjdoSka4 woyialrkmrsos wka whf.a ksoyiiSudlsrSfuz mgqBrAIHd

iy.; fpz;kfjka fkdj Bgjvd mqZM,a .eUqre wrA:hlska f,djfoi n,knejsks'

we;euz ngysr .@J: l;jrshka rpkhlrwe;s .@J:hkays iZoykajk mrsos nq|=kajykafia ia;@Skag

oafjzIlr fyda ia;@shfoi mgqpska;khlska n,dlghq;lrfkdue;'jrAudkfhys WodjS we;s jsIudpdrS

;;ajhka tod nq|= kqjKska oek jskh YsCIdmo mekjSfuysoS;a"NsCIQkag ldka;djka jsIfhys lghq;`

lrkdldrh oelajSfuzysoS;a ia;@shi; ukqIHFjh .relr i<ldwe;'

fuhg iudka;rj iajdusmqreIhd jsiska ;u nsrsZog wu;rj fjk;aldka;djka ksoyfia weiqre

lsrSu5 iudc frda. fjz.fhka jHdma;jSu flfrA iDcqju odhlFjhla iemhhs'jsfYaIfhkau kS;s

jsfrdaOsj jsjsO rgj,ska ixl@uKhjk ixpdrl jsfoaYSh l;ka udrA.fhka furg;, lsis|= m@;slrAuh

la rys; udrdka;sl ,sx.dY@s; frda. jsYd, f,i jHdma;jSfuys wjodkula mj;S fiajdWiijSuz fjk;a

idudcSh yd wrA:sl m@;s,dN ovuSudfldg .ksuska ish fiajdia:dkhkays ;uka hgf;a bkakd wirK

ldka;djkayg whq;,sx.sl n,mEuz lsrSu6" ,sx.slFjhu fmroerslrf.k ;unsrsZou fyda fjk;a

ldka;djka iuZ. lghq;lsrSu"oafjzIh ks.relsrSuz wjukaiy.; yeisrSuz;,ska ldka;dmCIhg

ks.rejk fia lghq; lsrSu jeksfoa f;jeks YsCIdmoh hg;g .efkkakdjQ mqZM,a ldrKdfjz'7

ia;@shla hkq ish uj"fidhqrsh"oshKsh Z{d;s oshKsh jYfhka wdorfhka i,ld Tjqka wmyrKfh

ka je<lshhq;h'jsfYaIfhkau Tjqka wirKjQ wjia:dj,oS ldreKsl f,i msysgjsh hq;af;a u;`

wmsrsiq|= n,dfmdfrd;a; iys;j fkdj th ukqIFjhg yd ud;DFjhg lrkakdjQ wjxl ie<lSula

jYfhks' nq|=kajykafiao ish Y@djlhkag jod< YsCIdmohkays(wdkkao ysushka nq|=r|=kaf.ka ldka;dj

ka jsIfhys NsCIQka l@shdlrkafka flfiaoehs jsuiQl< Bg ms<s;re jYfhka foaYkdlrk ,olreKq)

1 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi, oskusK"wZ.yrejdo tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U 22' 03' 2005"25 msgqj' 2 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vsld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25 '03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 3 kqU kdvka foajodi" uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 4 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi,"oskusK wZ.yrejdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 22 '03' 2005" 25 msgqj' 5 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"isZMusK brsod"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 6 ia;@S mqreI iudc Ndjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS'ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004"77-96 msgq' 7 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03 '2005"17 msgqj'

119ldka;djka jsIfhys by; iZoykal< wdldrfhka uj"fidhqrsh"oshKsh yd Z[d;s oshKshh hk

yeZ.Sfuka .reFjhlska lghq; l<hq; nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz'

fuz ;;ajhkaf.ka je<lS ukqIHOrAu .relruska lghq;lsrSu nq|=iuh miihs'i;Hoek

.ekSfuz wkqka i; whs;shg .re lsrSu hym;aukqIHOrAuhls'1fuzhgf;a wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu;a

i;Hjpk l:dlsrSu;a ukqIHjh.relrk W;uzukqIHhkaf.a i;amqreI pdrs;@hls'wi;H jpkfhka

je<lSu fukau wjYHjsgoS i;Hh fkdmjid uqidj biau;jk mrsos ksyZvj isgSuo jrols'th

jl@dldrfhka wi;Hh ch.ekSug ksyZvu Wojz oSula f,i nq|=iuh i<lhs'NsCIQka jykafia,dg

foaYkdlrk,o jskh YsCIdmo;< fuz ms<snZoj b;djsYd, meyeos,slsrSuz wka;rA.;h'tfia wi;Hh

ch .ekSug WojzjSuhkq wkHhkaf.a i;Hh oek.ekSfuz we;s whs;shg ks.relsrSula fjz'

;udg bgql< fkdyels foa fmdfrdka|=jSu;a bgql<yelsfoa nershlshd bgqfkdlryerSu;a tlfia

fndrejg wh;afjz'tfiau w;S;fhka yd wkd.;fhka ix.@ylsrSuo fndrefjzu ;j;awx.fhda

fjhs'fkdokakdfoa okakd f,i weZ.jSu fukau"okakdfoa fkdokakdf,i weZ.jSuo fndrejgu

wh;ah'luzue,slu ksid fyda ;ukag bka lsis|= m@;s,dNhla fkdie,fik ksid fyda jD;a;Suh jYfhka

we;sjkakdjQ lems,s flgs,s ksid fyda foaYmd,k n,mEuzksid fyda huzhuz jsIh fCI;@hkays jsIh

jsfYaIZ{hska mjd ;uka W.;a jsIhoekquska wkHhkag fiajhla lsrSug bvm@ia;djkdj ,enQk;a tfia

fkdlrisgskq olakg ,efnz'fujeks iS;, nqoaOsu;ka fndfydajsg jsoaj;a iudch;< olakg ,efnz';uka

Wiia wOHdmkh ,enqfjz wysxil fmd|=ck;djf.a n|=uqo,an,ska njb;d f,aisfhka Tjqyq wu;lfldg

ou;s';ukaf.a jsfYaIZ{ oekqu ms<snZoj fukau tu oekqfuka fiajh ,enSug whs;sjdisluz we;a;djQ

idudkH fmd|= ck;dj ms<snZoj f.#rjfhka is;d lghq; lsrSug nq|=iufhka wkqn, fohs'

;uka Wmka rfgz ;ukaf.a ck;djg fiajh lsrSfuzoS by;iZoyka f,i uZ.yers fujeks fndfyda

jsIh jsfYaIZ{hska jsfoaY rgj,g f.dia jsYd, jegqma"oSukd yd iudcSh m@;s,dN,nuska targj,

oejeka; ixjO!k jHdmD;sj, kshuqjka yd WmfoaYljre fjuska jsfoaYrgj, oshqKqj flfrys

lghq;lrkq olakg ,efnz'kuq;a gslfofkla uqo,g jvd ukqIHFjh .refldg l,amkdlr ;ukaf.a

mQrAK yelshdj fhdojd furg oshqKqj lrdf.khuska isgs;s'ld,du iQ;@fha oelafjk mxpYS,

m@;smodfjys i;rfjks wx.h jQ wi;HNdjfhka usoS usksiqkaf.a ukqIH whs;sjdisluz flfrys

.refldg Tjqyq ls@hdlrkafkdah'

by; oelajqkq lrekq i;rflfrys muKla fkdj iEu hym;a ldrKhlau fmd|=fjz ukqIH

j.!hdf.a hym; msKsi mj;skakdjQfoaf,i i,ld tajd.refldgl@shd lsrSug fiiq ukqIhhka

fm<UjSuo Wodr .Khka f,i ie,fla'2ld,duiQ;@fha oelafjk mxpYS,m@;smodfjz miajk wx.hf,i

ie,flkafka fuzldrKhhs'

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s

120 oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ hym;a ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska

.rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSu b;du hym;a lY, Ou! jO!kh jkakdjQ l@shdjla

f,i ld,du iQ;@h fmkajd osh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOs l@uhka

ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz

;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h'tfia fkdjkakdjQ .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag

.re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq

,nkafka kuz th ksjeros .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj

nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh

(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOs

l@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'[email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka

yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs'mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu

Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug

jk nejska tajd ksjeros .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnz

hkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag

.re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak

Y@jKl@shd j,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd

jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj

nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh (Given

in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d

bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical

Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz ksjeroshehs

;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr

WmldrSjk woyia yd .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz

1 tu' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu' 337-343 msgq ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud bud bud bud b;slsrdh;slsrdh;slsrdh;slsrdh 4 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;`

121jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz

jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu

(Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh'kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska .rel< hq; mqoa.,h

kag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSul< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu .re

l< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bv

lvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha'tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd

jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu

nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz

whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol

fldgf.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKh

lg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd

fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;

lg yerekqfldg .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul

js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a

iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re

lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'iuzNdjs;dj

jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh

jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz

uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs'ksYaps;jQ .rel< hq;

mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska

nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag

ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a

.rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l

wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'.rejrhdf.a jpkhg

ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h'tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj

jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs'

jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs'we;euzjsg .rel< hq;

1 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;` 2 tu' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq uuuud iufKda fkda .rE;sd iufKda fkda .rE;sd iufKda fkda .rE;sd iufKda fkda .rE;s

122mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSu l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid

.rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh'tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka

ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha

j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska

jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq

kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of

Preceptor)1 tu .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g

meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrh'oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys;

;;ajhls'nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis;

miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re

lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr thska lY,Ou! jO!khlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M,

mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag

yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u

.rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

foaYkd(Lectures)

foaYkdkuz Ou!h foaYkdlsrSuhs'mqoa.,hdf.a mdmS wlY, .;ske;sfldg Tyq lY, mCIhg mqKH

mCIhg fhduqlrjSu iZoyd uZ.fmkajSu lreKq lshdoSu Ou!foaYkd lsrSu;a is|=flfrA'ta ksid foaYkdj

mqKHlu!hla yegshg iZoykafldg we;'fuu foaYkdjys mrudrA:h wkawho hym;g keUqrelrjSuhs'

lY,ms<sfj;g weo.ekSuhs'fuz wrA:fhka ksjeros foaYkdj jkdyS lsis|= wOdk.@dyS ;;ajhkaf.aka

je,lS lghq; lrkdldrh ms<snZo wjfndaOh wkawhg ,ndoSuhs'

ld,� ui Q;@fha js.@ylrkakdjQ oijeoEreuz pska;k ksoyi;,ska t<sfmfy,sjkqfha fuu pska;k

ksoyi ms<snZo tys nq|=iufha uQ<slia:djrhhs'wkqka lshkq weiSfuka tu weiSuz ud;@fhka foaYkdlrkq

,nkdfoa flfrys jsYajdih fkd;enshhq;h hkak ld,duiQ;@fha oijeoEreuz pska;k ksoyi hgf;a

fmkajdfokq,nk ksoyia pska;khl ;snshhq;jQ m<uq,CIKhhs'2 lshkakd flfia lSj;a wikakd

isysnqoaOsfhka weishhq;nj ckjyfrA tk idudkH lshukhs'lshkq,nk mqoa.,hdf.a jsjsO mrudrA:

;snshyelshs'wjia:dj isoaOsh ovuSudfldgf.k wi;Hhm;rjkakg W;aiyorkjd jshyelshs'kQ;kfha

we;euz ckudOH lghq;lrkdldrh foi ne,Qjsgo fuu lshuk I;Hhlaf,I fmfka'fun|=

wjia:djl is|=lrkqq,nk foaYkd ksjeros fkdjknejska neyer lrk f,I nq|=r|=ka Wmfoia imhdoS

;sfnz'

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

123 ld,duiQ;@fhys ksoyiapska;khl ;snshhq;jQ fojeks ,CIKhkuz mruzmrdfjys wd muKska

fkdms<s.ekSuhs'1 we;euzjsg mjik,o foaYkdj uqjska uqj fndfydawE; ld,hla;siafia jO!khfjuska

wdm@jD;a;shla jsh yelshs'tf,I huzlsisjl I;Hdwi;H;djh ;SrKhlsrSfuz idOlhlaf,I uqjskauqj

fnfydald,hla mej;tuska ;snSuu idOlhlaf,I f.k thg jvd idOkShjQ wfklalreKq neyer

lrkafka kuz tn|= ks.uk nqoaOsu;a tajd fkdjknj m<uqjrg fmkajd|=kafka nq|=r|=kah'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o mrsos huzlsis foaYkdjla h:drA:jdoS jSugkuz tu foaYkdfjys

wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj jsoHudkjshhq;jQ ;kajk ,CIKhf,I olajd we;af;a fuh fufiajshyelshhs

hkqfjka ms<sfkd.ekSuhs'2 nyq,j wikolsk foh u;lh;, ;ekam;ajkjd hkufkdajsoHdkQl~,

;rAlkh ;ukaf.a jdishg fhdod .kakd ,o fj<Zo oekajSuzlrejka wusysrs wm@ikak hulajqjo

ks;rks;r jsoHq;audOH yryd fmkajkakg W;aiql jkafka fuzjd fufiajshyelshhs hkWml,amkh

flaJ|@fldgf.k ;upska;kh iSudfkdgf.k fjfikakdjQ nyq;r wufkdaZ{ fm@aCIlhka

b,lalfldgf.kh'fuu|=n,;djhms,snZo wjOsu;aj fjfikakka hula fufiajshyelshdjwe;ehs

Wml,amkhfldg foaYkdjl I;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKhlsrSfuka je<lsh hq;h'

huzlsis foaYkdjla h:drA:jdoS jSugkuz ;udf.a iuzm@odfhys we;a;djQ ,sLs; yd w,sLs;

udOHhkaf.a ksrEms; foa iuZ. ieifoa lshdj;a ms<sfkd.;hq;nj ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk I;rjk

,CIKhhs'3 msgl iuzm@odh hkqfjka woyiaflfrkakfka fuhhs'fmd;am;aj, ,shdwe;s TzkEu fohla

jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS I;Hhehs ndr.ekSu nqoaOsu;a Ndjfha ,CIKhfkdfjz'TzkEu foaYs; fohl

I;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKhlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys ,d th ;SrKd;aul idOlh lr.ekSu fkdiq|=iqh'

pska;k l@shdj,sfhys,d ndOdldrSjk nejska nqoaOshg fuuZ.ska jeglanefZoa'

ld,duiQ;@fha olajk miajk ksrjoH foaYkdj jkqfha ;rAlhg .e<fmalshdtu foaYkdj

ndrfkd.ekSuhs'4 ;rAlhg .e<fmkakdjQ TzkEufohla ksjerosfkdfjz'I;H h ;rAldkQl~,jqj;a ;rAlh

tlum@udKhfldg ndr.ekSu fuuZ.ska m@;sfCIams;h'n@dyauK pska;kh fndfydafldg m@pdrhfldg

yerSfuzoS m@pdrlWml@uhla f,I ;rAlh Ndjs;dfldg ;snsks'hd.hmsKsi iFj>d;kh is|=lsrSfuzoS

>d;lhdg;a">d;kh lrkq,nk iFjhkag;a jsuqla;sh Wodjknj ;rAlh fhdodf.k fmkajdoS

;snsks'kuq;a jrA;udkfhys wd.uzfNaohlska f;drj fuu l@shdj krlfohlanj TzkEu flfkl`

ms<s.kshs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk mrsos ksrjoHfoaYkdjl ihjk ,CIKh jkqfha tu foaYkdj kHdhg

wkql~, hhs lshd fkdms<s.ekSuhs'5kHdhla hkq huzlsis Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhls'huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hla

ms<snZo .fjzIKh fldg ,nd.kakd,of;dr;re fulS Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uh f.dvkZ.d.ekSu msKsi

WmldrSlr.kshs' l,ska l,g ,nd .kakd f;dr;rej, m@idrKh;a iuZ.u Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhkays

kHdhd;aul moku ks;ru jsp,khkag Ndckhfjhs'tnZ|= jsp,khkag NdckhjkakdjQ kHdhd;aul

1 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu' 337-343 msgq udududud b;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdh 3 tu' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 tu ud ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya;ùd ;lalfya; 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;`

124mokula foaYkdjl i;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh lSrSfuys,d ;SrKd;aul idOlh lr.ekSu

wkqjKldrS nejska nq|=iuh th neyer lrhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajkmrsos ksrjoHfoaYkdjl I;ajk ,CIKh jkqfha tu foaYkdfjka

lshfjkakdjQ ldrKh hym;ahehs l,amkdlsrSfuka muKla fkdms,s.ekSuhs'1ixl,amkdjkag

f.daprjkakdjQ foa I;Hhka mrsndysrh'tnejska foaYs;hul I;Hdi;H;djh kSrAKh lsrSfuys,d

ixl,amhka Ndjs;hg .ekSu m@Z{d f.dapr fkdjk nejz olajuska th neyerlsrSug WmfoiaoS ;sfnz'

ksrjoH foaYkdjl wgjk ,CIKhf,I ld,duiQ;@h olajkqfha kqjKska ;SrKhfldg .kakd,o

oDIaGshg iudkhehs ms,s.ekSfuka je<lSuhs'2oDIaGsh hkq udkisl oe,ls'nJOkhls'tnejska ishZM

oDIaGSka odrAYksl mCIfhka h:drA:fhka wE;ajQ tajd fjhs'nq|=iufha js.@yjk iuzudosgzGsh fuu oDIaGs

hkakg wh;afkdfjz'ishZM oDIaGs .@yK idjoHjQjla nj ms<sf.k"tu oDIaGSka ukiska bj;alsrSu

msKsi l@udkQl~, [email protected] jevms<sfj <l kshqla; jkakd iuzudosGsfhka hq;;eke;a;d f,I nq|=iuh

yZ|=kajhs'tnejska fuysoS oDIaGs hkqfjka olajk ,oafoa wkajdrAhfhkau Ydiaj; yd WpzfPAo oDIaGs

flaJ|@lr.;a ishZMupska;k iuzm@odhhkah'

ksrjoH foaYkdjl kjkj ,CIKhf,I ld,duiQ;@h olajkqfha foaYkdj mj;ajkakdjQ mqoa.,hd

hym;a flfkls"tnejska tu mqoa.,hdf.a lSums<s.ekSu l<hq;nj I,ld fkd.ekSuhs'3mqoa.,

.reFjh Wvhul i;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh lsrSu b;du wkqjK l@shdjls'TzkEu fydZo mqoa.,fhlg

jqjo jeros ;SrKj,g t,eUSfuz iuzNdjs;dj mj;S'uydmka:l uyry;kajykafia .sysl<

Wkajykafiaf.au nd, ifydaorhdjQ pq,a,mka:lf;rekajykafia ishmkaif,kafkrmqfjz nKoyula

yrsyegs bf.klshd.kakg ners fudavfhl jYfhka ;SrKhlsrSfuks'

kuq;a ta wjia:dj jkjsg uyry;a ;;ajhg muKla fkdj rEmdjpr OHdk,dNS uyry;ka

jykafia,d w;r w.@;k;r ,nd wiQuy Y@djlhkaykafia,d w;rska tla kulajkakg ;ruz mqKH

Yla;sh yd jdikd.Kh fudard ;snqKq pq,a,mka:l f;rekajykafiaf.a ienE;;ajh yeZosk ta

;;ajhg meusKSu msKsi Wkajykafiag Wmldrlrkq ,enqfjz nq|=rcdKkajykafia muKs'

jrA;udk iudcfhys mjd wmw;r fujeks pq,a,mka:l f;rekajykafia,d jeks wh fldf;la

isgSo$kuq;a wjdikdjg tawh yeZoskf.k msysgjSug ;:d.;hkajykafia woke;'Wkajykafia msrsksjka

md jodrd we;s nejsks'taksid kej;jrla tnZ|= W;a;uYdia;Dkajykafiakul my<jkf;la wmw;r

bkakd pq,a,mka:l f:rekajykafia,d iifrys wfkaljsO |=laluzlfgd,qj,g uqyqKmduska wirKj

ysZos;s'

NsCIqixia:dj;< nq|=r|=ka meKjQ jskhYsCIdmoj,g jvd mqoa.,sl .Kj;aNdjh wkqj ;SrKh

.ekSula olakg fkd,efnkafka fuzksidh'jskhYsCIdmo mkjd we;af;a nq|=rcdKka jykafiah'

Wkajykafia w;ska lsis|= wdldrhl w.;shla lsisosfkl is|=fkdfjz'W;a;rS;r udkqIsl .Kou!jkdyS

1 tu ud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflak 2 tu' ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

125fm#oa.,sl .Kj;aluzh' NsCIqixia:dj ;, l@shd;auljk jskhkS;s moaO;sh fulS fm#oa.,sl

.Kj;a Ndjh wnsnjd l@shd;auljkafka fm#oa.,slFjh mrojd iduQyslFjh biau;lsrSu;,ska

muKlau mqoa., jsuqla;s idOkh;a,iudc jsuqla;s idOkh;a hk folu ,enshyelsnejsks'

ksrjoH foaYkdjl ;snqhhq;jQ oijk ,CIKhf,I ld,duiQ;@h olajkafka ;ukaf.a wdpdrAh

jrhdf.a foaYkdjla jYfhka I,ldfyda tmuKlska iEySulgm;ajS tu lreKu idOlh

jYfhkaf.k tu foaYkd fjys I;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh fkdlsrSuhs'1we;euzyq fuu ldrKh ishZM

Ydia;Djrekag fmd|=jYfhka f.k tuf.dvg nq|=r|=kao we;,;alr;ss'fndfyda iQ;@foaYkdj,oS

nq|=r|=ka ;ukajykafiag mrAhdh jYfhka OrAu jskh fol yd mgspzp iuqmamdo OrAuh olajknejska

fuysoS nq|=r|=ka mqoa.,Fjfhka .ekSu neyerfldg by; iZoyka wdldrhg Wkajykafia fjkqjg

Ndjs;dlrk,o mrAhdh mowkqj i<ldn,f;d;a flfkla fuz f.dvg nq|=r|=ka we;,;al<;a bka

jsjrKh jkakdjQ lreK I;Hjknj fmfka'tawkqj huzlsis foaYkdjla OrAujskh folg yd

mgspzpiuqmamdohg tlZ.jkafkakuz tlSfoaYkdj hym;a tllaf,I ms,s.ekSfuz lsis|= .egZMjla

we;sfkdfjz'

iq;s(Audibility)

iq;skuz Y@jKhhs'mqoa.,fhlg f,#lsljYfhka fyda f,daflda;a;rjYfhka oshqKqj lrdhdug

fuh w;HdjYHhs'wd,jl iQ;@fhaoS“iqiaiqf;a ,Nf;a mZ[aZ[d”hkqfjka iZoykafldg we;af;a fuz ‘iq;sh’

ms<snZojhs' ‘iq;sfhka’f;drj wmg hula oek.ekSu W.ygh' tuksid ksj!dK.duS m@;smodfjzoS

mrf;daf>daIh wjYHnj iZoykalrwe;' iq; .Kh fhdksfidaukisldrh;a iuZ. tlg l@shd;auljsh

hq;njg iZoykafjz'

uSg by; foaYkd fldgfiysoS jsia;rlrk,o oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ

foaYkd Y@jKh lsrSu ld,� ui Q;@h wkqj ksrjoHnj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)2 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuid

n,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h'tfia fkdjkakdjQ

Y@jK fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros

weiSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)3 mokuzlrf.k tu

wikq,nk foh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'[email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao

Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs'mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu

Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug

jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq. ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 3 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

126

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)1

mokuzlr f.k tu wikq,nkfoh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'fmrlshd ;snqkqnj

hkak Y@jKl@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu Y@jKhka ksjerosnj

;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 2mokuzlrf.k tu

wikq,nkfoh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia

ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu Y@jKhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz

oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)3 mokuzlrf.k tu wikq,nk

foh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS

Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia

yd Y@jKhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)4 mokuz lrf.k tu wikq,nk foh

ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska Y@jKhl< hq;hehs

ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu Y@jKh is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl

jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha'tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS Y@jKhkays

ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversific

ation of Thought)5 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros

;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc

iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s'tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul

lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)6 mdol

lrf.k tu wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajd

fohs'iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk

fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh ye;snj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla

mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs'

1 tu' 337-343 msgq ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 ia;@S mqreI iudc Njh yd mjq,"tuz' cS 'ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004"77-96 msgq' 3 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h, uydj.a., ld,duiq;a;, nq. c. uq, 337-343 msgq. ud ;lal fya;` 4 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya; 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 6 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

127ksYaps;jQ Y@jKhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh

h:drA:jdoS Y@jKhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd

fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu

wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'.rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj

lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel'kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd

fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka

fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs'we;euzjsg Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg

huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh'tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j

yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs'uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh

WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska

oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.uk

j,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs'oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh

rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz'nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis;

miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M,

mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a foaYkd Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug

lsis|= bvla fkd;nd Y@jK l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa

;u foaYkdjka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

osgzGscq(Accurate Vision)

osgzGscqkuz oDIaGsfyj;a oelau ksjeroslr.ekSuhs' iq;sfha wdksiximyla wx.;a;rksldfha iZoyka

lr we;sw;r thska ;kafjks,CIKh yegshg oelau ksjeros lr.ekSu fyj;a msrsis|=lr .ekSu

ms<snZoj “osgzGsx Wcqx lfrda;s“osgzGsx Wcqx lfrda;s“osgzGsx Wcqx lfrda;s“osgzGsx Wcqx lfrda;s”hkafkka iZoyka lr we;'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr

.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh

lr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

huzlsis lrekla wkqY@jfhka(Report)3 wd muKska th i;Hhehs ksjeroshehs ks.ukhlg t<USu

oDIaGs.@ykhla jYfhka nq|=iufha ioykafjz.wo jkjsg ckudOH l,dj b;du mqZM,a wdldrfhka

jHdma;jS we;'f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska msysgs fjk;a rgl

g CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we; f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS jsYaj .uzudkhla

1 tu' ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 4 .tu' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

128njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh fuzksid f,dalh

yels,S w;snj we;efula mji;s'kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i

Ndjs;dfjkjd o hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we;'TzkEu fohla

mqZM,ajSu;a jHdma;sh;a iuZ. thg f.da,ShOkjdoS rduqfjka mrsndysrj yqol,d tallhlaf,i

lghq;lsrSfuz fkdyelshdjla we;sfjz'fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla

;, we;s jshyels fohls'th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta ta

rfgys we;s wdKavq jsiska fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl

m@cdj uZ.skajSuhs'

fu ;;ajh yuqfjys tlS rgj, iuia; mrsmd,k l@shdj,sh flfrys n,mEula yd yeisrjSula

jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.ska is|=lrkq ,nhs'ta ;ukag yd ;ukaf.a u;jdouh mrsirh f.dvkef.k

mrsos;a jHdmdrsl lghq; hf:dala; jmirsh;, Wmrsu Wmfhda.S;djfhka bgqlr.; yelsmrsos;ah'

fuz ksid ;ukag wjYH u; h f,dalhmqrd jHdma;lr yrskqjskd ksjeros foa flfrys ;elSula

fkdflfrA'nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka ms<s.ekSu

oDIaGs.@ykhla jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla nejsks'

tfukau huzlsis fohla mrmqrska ( mruzmrdh Tradition )1 meusKs ;ruska th i;Hhlshs i,ld

ms<sf.k l@shdlsrSuo nq|=iuh oDIaGs.@ykhla f,i i,lhs'tfiau th bj;,Sugo Wmfoia imhd ;sfnz'

mrmqrska meusfkk foa ksjeros jSugo mqZMjk tfia fkdjSugo mqZMjk'we;euzg mrmqrska meusfkk foh

ksjerosjSfuz iuzNdjs;djg jvd ksjeros fkdjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj jevsjkakgo mqZMjk'flfiajqjo

mrmqrska mej;Su taldka; i;Hlehs .ekSfuys lsishuz |=rAj,;djhla mj;sknj fuz wkqj jegyShhs'

tfiau tfia ie,lSu oDIaGs.@ykhla jknjo fmfka i;Hfhka f;dr;;ajhla i;Hhehs ms<s.ekqu

oDIaGshlajk nejsks'

tfiau fuh fufiafmr lshd;sfnz hehs i,ld(b;slsrd;mQrAjl:kh Prologue/ Presuppose)2 hula

i;H hehs ta Tiafia ks.ukhlg meusKSuo nq|=iuh ksjeros hehs ms<sfkd.kS'funZ|= lshuka tlafld

yrsjsh yelsh'ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh'wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros jsoHd;aul

l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;'fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk oDIaGs.@yKhka

f,ii,ld bj;,S ug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz'

;u;ukaf.a iduzm@odhsl .@F:hkays(msgl iuzmod Giving in the Scripture)3 rpkdjS ;snQ muKska

u huzlsis fohla ksjeros fohlahhs th tlu fya;idOlhfldgf.k ks.ukj,g t<USu nq|=iuh

wkqu; fkdlrhs'tnZ|= ks.ukj,g t<USu oDIaGsj,ska w.;shg hdula yegshg nq|=iuh yZ|=kajdoS we;'

lsishuz wd.ula ms,snZoj kuz tu wd.ug wh;a iduzm@odhsl .@F:j,ska ms<snsUqjkafka tu wd.fuz

ft;sydisl jsldYhhs'TzkEu wd.ula .;al< i;Hh thhs iduzm@odhsl .@J:j,g jeZ|=uz msZ|+uz lruska

bkakjdg jvd tajdfhys ;sfnkakdjQ foa jspdr mQrAjlj lshjd tajd ms<snZoj mQrAjks.ukj,g

1 tu' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

129t<USfuka f;drj ms<smeo ;udu m@;HCIlr.ekSug W;aiyl<hq;nj fuhska ksrAfoaYjk

ldrKhhs' tjsg huzlsis wd.usl .@F:hlska olajd ;sfnkakdjQ iuzmQrAK wd.usl ksIaGdjg t<USug

lsishuz ;eke;af;lg wmyiqjqj;a ;uka ms<smeoaodjQ ljrfyda ksrAfoaYhlska ;udf.a cSjs;hg huz

muK fyda wdf,dalhla we;sjskskuz tu lreKu idOlfldgf.k tys ksrAfoaYflrS we;s wfkla

lreKqo fuz wkqj ksjeros fj;ehs hk ks.ukhg t<USug TzkEu flfklg yelshdj we;'

;uka ms,smeoS lreKq wkqj wd.usl .@J:j,ska olajd we;s ksrAfoaYhka g mriamr ;;ajhka m@;sM,

f,i ,efnzkuz tnZ|= ksrAfoaYhka wi;H yd oDIaGs.@ykhka f,i i,ld bj;,Sug iq|=iqh n@dyauK

wd.usl .@F:j, oelafjkafka iFj>d;kh lris|=flfrk hd.h uZ.ska flfkl iajrA..duS njg

n@yau iyjiH;djhg m;a lrknjhs'kuq;a i;HjYfhkau ienEj jkdyS >d;k l@shdj,sh uZ.ska

ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs' ffjrhhs'fl@daOps;a;hhs'iajrA..duS njg

n@yaujsyrKhg m;aflfrkafka is;;, fu;a;dj lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj jO!kh lsrSfuks'fuz

wkqj n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:hkays oafjzIh jO!khlsrSu uZ.ska iajrA..duSjknj n@yauiyjiH;djhg

muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel'th tfia ms<s.ekSu oDIaGsfhka w.;shg hdulanj

ms<sf.k ;sfnfha fulS ixorANh lrKfldgf.kh'

;drAlsl l@shdj,sho(;lal fya; Logical Implication)1 hul i;Hwi;H;djh flfrys

;SrKd;aul n,mEula t,a,fkdl< yels ixorANhlanejska ;rAlkh jsYaphlsrSfuys usKquzokavla

jYfhka Ndjs;dlsrSu nq|=iuh fkdms<s.kshs'taksid wod< m@ia;;fhys uQ<sl mokug fkd.e<fmk yd

tfrysj hkakdjQ jsoH;aul [email protected] yd Ydia;@Sh [email protected] neyerjkakdjQ ks.duS yd

Woa.duS jeks oajsfldgsl ia;rhkaf.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj yd m@;scdkkd;aulnj

muKla fy,sflfrk ngysr wersiafgdag,shdkq ;rAlkl@ufjzoh yd ;@sfldagsl p;iafldagsl

ia;rhkaf.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys oajsfldagslnjjk m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj yd m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj

blaujd m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh

;rAlkl@ufjzohkao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid

tnZ|= iSudiys; js.@yhla uZ.ska wod< m@ia;;h ms<snZo irAjiuzmQrAK ks.ukhlg meusKSu nq|=iuh

wkqu; fkdlrhs'tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu oDIaGs.@ykhla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'ta ksid ;drAlsl

nj jspdrmQrAjlNdjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|+iuh fkdolska w;r tjeks

;drAlsl mokula iys; jsOsl@uhla uZ.ska i;HdjfndaOh lrd <Z.djSu iy uq,qukskau tau; mokuzjSu

idjoHnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'

kHdh (khfya; Nomological Implication)2 lsishuz jsIhl isoaOdka;hs'tu jsIh wd.ula fyda

fjk;a TzkEu jsIhla jshyelsh huzlsis jsIhla f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a fuu isoaOdka; u;h isoaOdka;

fyj;a kHdhh iliajSug n,mdkafka b;doSrA>ld,hla uqZM,af,a tu jsIh wrUhd tl;jQ oekquz

moaO;shhs'jrA;udkfhys fuz wdldrfhka oekqu tl;jS kHdhhka iliajS w,q;a w,q;a jsIhhka mjd

nsysj we;'udkj jsoHdj tf,i nsysj we;s kjjsIhls iudchSh jsoHdjkaf.ka ld,dka;rhla ;siafia

tla/ia jQ oekqu udkj jsoHdfjys kHdhka f.dvkexjSug Wmia:uzNl jS ;snqks'Wmfhda.s;djh wkqj

1 tu'. ud ;lalya;ud ;lalya;ud ;lalya;ud ;lalya; 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;`

130kHhhka fl;ruz M,odhljqj;a kHdfhys we;s |=n,;djh jkqfha w,q;a oekqu tla jkakg

jkakg uq,a kHhdhka l@udkQl~,j ixialrKhjSug ,lajSuhs'jrskajr ixialrKhjSug ,lajkjd hkq

fjkia jSug ,lajkjd hkakhs'tuksid fuz whqrska jrska jr fjkiajkakd jQ kHdhhka lsishuz

m@ia;;h l ksrjoH;djh jsksYaph lsrSfuys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekSu nq|=iuh m@;sfCIamlrhs

huzlsis fya;jlska th ksrjoH;djh m@udKhlsrSfuys,d tlu i;Hf,i Wmfhda.Slr.ekSu

oDIaGs.@yKh lsrSula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'

huzfohla is|=jkakg we;af;a fuz whqrska(wdldr mrsjs;rAl Diversification of Thought)1 hehs

ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka ks.ukj,g t<eUSu o nq|=iufhka m@;sfCIflfrA'mqoa., kdkd;ajh wkqj

ixZ{d kdkd;ajho ixZ{d kdkd;ajh wkqj pska;k kdkd;ajho we;sfjz'tfia fyhska tla wfhlg

f.daprjk fohu ;j;a flfklg wf.daprjk foaf,i fmfka'flfklg ri ;j flfklg ji hehs

lSjdfia ish,a,kagu fmd|=jk tlu ks.ukhlg meusKshyels hula fuz f,dj;, ;snsh fkdyel'fuz

;;ajh hgf;a tlawfhlf.a lSm fofklf.a fyda nyq;rhlf.a fm#oa.,sl repslFjhka mdollr

f.k th tlu usKquzoKavfldg i,ld huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj ksjeros jsoHd;aul js.@ylg

t<Ush yelsfkdfjz'tfia t<fUkjdkuz th oDIaGsfhka w.;shg hdula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'

th fufia is|=jsh yelsnj Wml,amkhfldg(NjH;djh Potentiatity)2 tu Wml,amkh lsishuz

m@ia;; hl ksrjoH;djh mrSCIdlsrSfuz tlu usKquzoKavfldg Ndjs;dlsrSu iq|=iq fkdjknj nq|=

iuh fmkajdfohs'lsishuz fohla weiska |=gqj;a lKska weiqj;a is;ska is;j;a ksYaps;j ;yjqrelr

f.k usi ks.ukj,g fkdt<Ush hq;nj idudkH jHjydrfhao oelafjz'tfiajkafka iuyrjsg

b;du;a myiqfjka wmf.a bJ|@hhka /jgshyels nejska ta Tiafia ikaksfjzokh jkakdjQ iuyr

f;dr;rej, h:diajNdjh wm uq,ska Wml,amkh lrkjdgjvd fjkiajshyels nejsks'fuzksid tu

ikaksfjzokhka mdollrf.k CIKsl ks.ukj,g fkd<Ush hq; nj;a tfia t<fUkakdjQ ks.uhka

oDIaGSka jshyelsnj;a nq|=iuh fmkajdfokq ,nhs'

;u .rejrhdu wdpdrAhjrhdu Ydia;Djrhdu muKla tlum@udKh jYfhka i<ldf.k

(iufKda fkd .rE Cousultations of Preceptor)3 Wkajykafiaf.a jpkhu muKla tlu wdma;

jpkhfldg i,ldf.k th mdollrf.k huzhuz ks.ukj,g ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka fkd

t<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs'iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs i;HjQjlao

jshyelshs'i;HjQj;a ke;;a .rejrhd flfrys jqj;a wkaOf,i yd wuQ<sl ioaOd uQ<ldrfhka

jsYajdih fkd;nd lsishuz m@ia;;hla i;Hfj;ao fkdfj;aoehs ;ukau th ms<smeo meyeos,sf,i

jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs'

fuu ldrKh .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz .rejrhdg f.#rjl< hq;h'tfiau

W.kajk foa meyeos,sj wid OdrKhlr tajd ms<smeo ;ukaf.a cSjs;g tlalrf.k ;ukaf.a cSjs;h

tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h'.rejrhd f.a jpkh ms<sfkdmeo tu

1 tu' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu. ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s

131jpkh i;Ho tfia ke;skuz wi;Hoehs ks.ukhlg t<Ush fkdyelsnejsks'huzfyhlska tfia

fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a m@.;sh bka fkdie,fik nejska

nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrkafka yq|=Nla;shg jvd |=r.shdjQ wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@.;sh yd prAhdfjz

Okd;au l jrAOkhhs' kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo bkam@;sM,

,nd.ekSu nj uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka nq|=r|=ka

.ek is; is;d yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu msKsi

jerfhdod l@shdl< Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls'

fiiq lreKq kjfh (9)ka tkuz wkqY@jh(Report) mruzmrdj(Tradition) b;slsrdh(Proloue) msgl

iuzm@odh(Given in the Scripture) ;lalfya;(Logical Implication) khfya;(Nomological

Implication) wdldr mrsjs;rAlh(Diversification of Thought) NjH;djh(Potentiatity) yd

iufKd fkd.re(Consultations of Preceptor) hk oDIaGs.;hka kjh huzlsis m@ia;;hl ksrjoH

;djh jsksYaphlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekau nq|=iuh olajkafka oDIaGsfhka

w.;shg hdula(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects) f,his'1 oDIaGs.@yKfhka f;drj

mshjs ukiska hqla;jSug kuz by; olajk,o lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'

wjsysxidj (Non Violence)

>d;khlsrSu mSvdlsrSu keiSu hk w:! /.;a‘ykykykyk a’Od;fjka iEfokksid ysxidhk jpkhg kIaprA

h jdpS‘wd’‘wd’‘wd’‘wd’m@;H tl;lsrSfuka wysxidhkjpkh idodf.kwe;'by;lS >d;kh lsrSuz mSvdlsrSuz

[email protected] je,lSisgSu hkf;areu‘wysxid’hkafkys .enzjS ;sfnz'

idrOu! wrA:fhka wysxidj i,lkjsg l|=uy;a im@dKsl cSjSkag ysxidmSvd fkdlsrSuhs' Ndr;Sh

oY!k iuzm@odh;< wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@Z{ma;shlajQ‘wysxidj’mru Ou!half,i ie,lks'‘wysxid mrfuda‘wysxid mrfuda‘wysxid mrfuda‘wysxid mrfuda

Ou!%Ou!%Ou!%Ou!%’wysxid Ou!h nsysjQfha;a fnfyjska jHdma;jQfha;a Ndr;fhysh fuuOu!h Ndr;Sh oY!kb;sydi

fha jsjsO odrAYkslhka jsiska jsjsO iSudjka;< js.@yl< nj fmfka'

wysxid m@Z{ma;sh ysJ|+kag ffckhkag yd fn#oaOhkag fmd|=fjz b.ekajSulajqjo tu Ou!hkays fuu

b.ekajSu n,mj;akd wdldrhjsjsOh'ffjosliuzm@odhg wh;a ysJ|= idys;Hfhka wysxid Ou!h kka

whqrska oela jqjo Ndr;foaYfhys wdhH!hkaf.a wdosu idys;H lD;shjQ iD.afjzofhys;a fuu m@Z{ma;sh

ms<snZoj jsfYaI yeZ.Sula mej;snjla fkdfmfka'

ffjosl ckhd igkalduS ck;djlajQ fyhska bJ|= w.aksjeks fojsjrekag iFjns,smQcd wdosfhka

hd.mjFjd f,#lsl iemiuzm;a yd mrf,dal iq.;sho me;nj fmfka'[email protected] wysxidOu!h

wd.usl cSjs;hg msjsiSu msKsijQ m@Odk iodpdrd;aul m@Z{ma;shla fkdjSh'tfy;a WmksIoa hq.fhaoS

fjzo yd [email protected] hd.hg m@uqLia:dkh fouska fkdfhla fojsjrekaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;jQ

1 tu' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

132bIaGM,.ek yeZ.Sula fkdue;sj wdOHd;ausljQ ps;a; ikaa;dk.; mdrsYoaOsh uq,afldg .;a

wdOHd;ausl jsoHdj flfrys is;afhduqlrknj olajkq ,efnz'

pdfJoda.H WmksIofhys wysxidj h;sjrfhl;< we;slr.;hq; OrAumylska tllayegshg olajd

;sfnz' tfia iZoykal<;a WmkaIoa idys;Hfhka ffjosl hd. fydau uqZMukskau m@;sfCIm lf<ahehs

lsjfkdyelsh' ffjosl iuzm@odh;< hd. mQcdjkaysoS flfrk iFjysxidj jeksl@shdjka wysxid Ou!hg

m@;smCIfiau iDcqju tanejz iZoyka fldgo ke;'

ffck yd fn#oaO b.ekajSuzj, n,mEu fyaa;fldgf.k‘ukqiauD;s N.j;a.S;d uydNdr;’wdoS

.@J:hkays wysxidj mqoa.,fhl;< jO!khlr.;hq; jsYsIaG.Khla f,i olajdwe;' tfy;a

ukqiauD;s jeks.@J:j, ‘mS;D‘mS;D‘mS;D‘mS;D’yd‘foaj;d’foaj;d’foaj;d’foaj;d’hZ{j,oS i;ka uerSug bvoS ;sfnz' uydn@yauhdjsiska

iFjhka hd.hiZoydu ujk,o fyhska ffjosl hd.h iZoyd flfrk jOnJOkhka jOhla

fkdjknj iZoyka lrhs'

ukqiauD;shg wkqj wd;audrCIdj iZoyd wkqka >d;khlsrSu jrola fyda mdmhlafkdfjz' huzmqoa.,

fhl wOdrAuslfjzkuz Tyq flnZ|= ;rd;srulg wh;ajqj;a >d;kh lsrSu jrola fkdfjz' ukqiauD;shg

wkqj udxi NCIKh mdmhls' hfula uiawkqNj lrkafkakuz Tq m@dKjOhg iuznCOjQfjl njg m;a

fjz.flfiafj;;a hd.mQcdwdoshgi;ka>d;khlsrSu ysxill@shdjlafia idudkHfhka n@dyauKOu!h ;<

ms,sfkd.kakd ksid Tjqka;< mj;skafka wO! wjsysxidjdohlanj fmfka'

ffckhka jsiska wkqolakd,o wjsysxid Ou!h wka;.duSFjh lrdhkakls' ffck.sys mejsos fomdrAYj

hjsiskau wjsysxidj YsCIdmohlafia iudokajshhq;h' tahgf;a w;sjsYd, [email protected] isg b;d CIq|@

m@dKshdolajd ishZMu m@dKSkajsIfhys wjsysxid ixl,amkdj jO!khl<hq;w;r th [email protected]

m;al<hq;h tmuKlafkdj taflaJ|@shm@dKSka yegshg i,ld.;a .iafld<ka ;Kfld< wdosh

mjdlemSfuka fjkajSu mru wjsysxidfjz ,CIKhla yegshg i,ldwe;'

yqiau .ekSfuzoS mjd CIq|@cSjSka wdYajdi flfrkksid Tjqka usshhdug bvwe; tnejska uqLjdvula

kshufldg we;' wysxidOu!hw;ska ffckhkafuka wka;hg fkd.sh fn#oaOhskajsiska jDCI,;dosh

m@dKSkayegshg ie,lKqnjfkdfmfka'tfy;a ffckhkaf.a n,mEuksid nq|=rcdKkajykafia

jDCI,;d iuznJOfhka NsCIQkag huz huz jskhkS;s mKjd ;sfnknj ie,ls,a,g .;hq;h'

Wmiuzmod NsCIQkag uQ,nSc lJonSc lZMnSc w.a.nSc nScnSc hk miajeoEreuz nSchka isZoSu;a isZo

jSu;a ;ykuzfldg we;' fuz kS;sh meKjQfha m@dKSkag ysxidfj;ehs hkwoyiskahehs is;sh fkd yels

h' tysoS nq|=rcdKkajykafia NsCIQkag fodIdfrdamKh lrkqfha‘cSj iZCcsfkda ys fuda>mqrsicSj iZCcsfkda ys fuda>mqrsicSj iZCcsfkda ys fuda>mqrsicSj iZCcsfkda ys fuda>mqrsi ukqiaidukqiaidukqiaidukqiaid

relaLiai’relaLiai’relaLiai’relaLiai’ hkqfjks'nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska m@dKSkayegshg i,lk,oafoa ifpz;kjQ m@dKSka

muKla nejz jskh uydj.a.fhays m<uqfjks LJOlfhatk i;r wlrKSh Ou!hkaf.kao fmfka'

133 ‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da

WmdodhWmdodhWmdodhWmdodh’ w;sYh CIq|@m@dKsfhlg mjd ysxidlsrSu NsCIQkag ;ykuznj jskh msglfha iZoyka

f;dr;re j,ska ikd:fjz' m@dKSkaiys;c,h mdklsrSu ;ykuzlr ;snSu ta iZoyd WodyrKh fjz'

fn#oaOhka |=lajsmdl f.kfok ysxidjlafia ie,lfjz fpz;kdfjka flfrk ysxid muKls'

fn#oaOfhda fpz;kdjg uq,a;ekfouska ffckhkafuka ndysrjQ l@shdmuKla fkdi,ld wdpdrjsoHd;aul

jQ m@Z{ma;Ska ufkdajsoHd;aul mokulau; msysgd js.@yl<y' ffckfhda wysxid Ou!h l@shd;aul l<

yels iSudo blaujd wka;hg .shy' fn#oaOoY!khgwkqj m@dKjOh wlY,hlajkafka wlY,

ffp;islhla jQ oafjzIh Bg mqfrda.duSjk fyhsks'

fn#oaOfhda wysxid Ou!fhys wNdj mCIhmuKla fkdj tys NdjmCIh .eko i,luska ishZMu

m@dKSka flfrys jOysxidjka lsrSfuka je,flk w;r ys;dkqluz mSj ffu;@Sis;ska m@dKSkajsIfhys

l@shdlhq; njo olaj;s' iduZ[aZ[M, iQ;@fhys ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da fyda;s ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da fyda;s ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da fyda;s ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da fyda;s

ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms jsyr;ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms jsyr;ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms jsyr;ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms jsyr;s’hkqfjka iZoyka

fldg we;'fufia ysxidfjka fjkaj jdihlrk w;r mrudrA: idOljQ ud.!hlajYfhka ps;a; Ndjkd

jg wod<jk oiosidfjysu jdih lrk l|=uy;a ;djr ishZMu m@dKSkag ffu;@S l<hq;nj fu;a;

iQ;@fha iZoykalrhs'

udxi NCIKh ms<snZoj nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;alrk woyia ysJ|+ka yd ffckhka olajk

woyia yd iudk fkdfjz';@sfldgsl mdrsYoaOjQ (wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx)(wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx)(wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx)(wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx) udxih wkqNj lsrSu

fn#oaO NsCIqj wysxid Ou!h lvlrkafklhehs fpdaokd,enSug fya;fkdjknj ucACOsuksldfha cSjl

iQ;@fha oelafjz'mqoa.,fhlf.a YoaOsh wdydrfhka fkd,enshyelsh' mdrsYoaOsh ndysrj@; iudodkfhka

muKla,enshyelaflao fkdfjz' ika;dk.;j mj;akd wNHka;r laf,aYhka m@ydKhlsrSuwjYHhs'

ffjrSj oafjzIiy.;j ljrwkaoulfyda ysxidjla is|=lsrSu fn#oaOfhda wkqu; lrkafka ke;'

hqoaOfhaoS lrk ysxidj .ek nq|=rcdKajykafiaf.a b.ekajSu yska|+kaf.a N.j;a.S;dfjz oelafjk

u;hg bZ|=rdfjkiah'mQj!dpdhH! m@dpdhH!jQ fhdaOdcSjn@dyauKhka jsiska ix.@dufhysoS ushhk fhdaOhka

‘irxcs;’‘irxcs;’‘irxcs;’‘irxcs;’ kuzfojsZ|=kaf.a iyjH;djhg m;afj;ehs oerEu;h nq|=rcdKajykafia jsiska m@;sfCImlrkq

,enSh'

[email protected] ys; ySkjQ oafjzIfhys yd ffjrS fpz;kdfjys msysgsfhysh iajlSh

i;frda kefiFjd usfhFjd hk oafjzI iy.; fpz;kdjTyq;<n, mj;ajhs'ta ksid ix.@dufhys ush

hk fhdaOhd ‘ixZ[acs;kuz’fojzf,dj fkdj tkuz ksrfhys Wm;,nknj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jodr;s'

wi;amqreIfhda mjd oukhl<hq;af;a oKavkfhka yd jOnJOkfhka fkdj lreKdffu;@S n,fhka

nj wx.,sud, iQ;@fhys oelafjz'nq|=oyu wjsysxid ixlmamh mru W;alDIaGhg ms<s.kakd njg lsisu

ielhla ke;' yqfola ixl,ahla jYfhkafkdj [email protected] cSjs;fhaoS th iuzmQrAKfhka l@sh;aul

lsrSug l@shdl<hq;nj wjOdrKh lrhs' ixhq;a; ksldfha fjzZMoajdr iQ;@fhys mqoa.,fhla m@dK>d;d

134osfhka fjkajS wjsysxidj l@shd;aul l<hq;af;a wehsohkak meyeos,sfldg we;'th kuzfldg

we;af;a ‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh’hkkusks'

.Dym;sh w;a;~mkdhsl Ou!mrshdh ljfrAoh;a wdhH! Y@djlf;fuz fufiakqjKska i,ld n,hs'uu

jkdyS cSj;afjkq leue;af;us'iemleue;af;us'|=lg ms<sl,alrk ud osjsfhka f;drlrkafka kuz th

ug m@shukdm fkdjkafkah'ugo cSj;afjkqleu;s fkduefrkq leu;s |=l ms<sl,alrk furud osjsfhka

f;drlrkafkakuz"th ug m@sh ukdm fkdjkafkah'ugo cSj;afjkqleu;s fkduefrkqleu;s iemleu;s

|=l ms<sl,alrk furud osjsfhka f;drlrkafkakuz"furudygo wm@shwukdm jkafkah'

fufia i,luska wdhH!Y@djl f;fuz m@dK>d;fhka je,lfkafjhs'thskaje,lSfuz .Klshhs'wkawho

tys iudokalrjhs'fuz wkaoug Tyqf.a ldhixjrh uekjska msrsis|=jQfhafjhs'fuu fjzZMoajdriQ;@

b.ekajSuz;< lreKd ffu;@S ixl,amfolu [email protected] m;ajk wkaou olakg ,efnz'

wNsOu!fhys‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’kuska yZ|=kajkqfha fuu ffp;isl folhs'tfia iZoyka lrkafka usksid

w;r fldgia jYfhka i<ld fyda usksid ;srsikd hkqfjka m@dKSka fjkalr .ekSfuka fyda iSudjka

we;slr fkdf.k m@udKlsrSfuka f;drj jO!kh l<hq; W;uz Ou! folla ksidh' fu;a; iQ;@fhaoS;a

‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’hkqfjka iZoyka fldg we;af;a thhs.

fuz wkqj nq|=iufhys wjsysxid ixl,amh wksla ishZMu wd.uz oY!kj,g jvd Wiia f,i ms<s.ksuska

th [email protected] keZ.shhq; Ou!hla fia wjOdrKhlr ;sfnknj m@lgfjz'ld,du iQ;@fhys

jsia;r lr ;sfnkakdjQ i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdjka jevSfuysoS [email protected] fulS wjsysxid

ixl,amhhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a wdl,am ksjeros

lr.ekSug;a ksjeros wdl,am ;<ska fuf,dj jik lsis|= m@dKsfhlg w.;s.duS fkdjk whqrska

wjsysxidjdoS idrOu!h iq/flk mrsos ;u osjs meje;au ilialr .ekSug;a wjldY ,efnz'fuz hgf;a

ysxidjdofhka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd;a wysxil nj ;ud;< we;slrjd .ekSu iZoyd;a huzhuz

uQ< Ou!jdoS u;jdo jeks foa ;oska [email protected] je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'


ksjeros wjsxidjdohla jYfhka nq|=iufha ioyka fkdfjz.wo jkjsg ckudOH l,dj b;du mqZM,a

wdldrfhka jHdma;jS we; f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska msysgs

fjk;a rglg CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we; f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS

jsYaj.uzudkhla njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh fuzksid

f,dalh yels,S w;snj we;efula mji;s kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i

Ndjs;dfjkjd o hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we; TzkEu fohla


lghq;lsrSfuz fkdyelshdjla we;sfjz fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

135;, we;s jshyels fohls th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq

,nkafka ta ta rfgys we;s wdKavqjsiska fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS

we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.sks


jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.ska is|=lrkq ,nhs ta ;ukag yd ;ukaf.a u;jdouh mrsirh f.dvkef.k

mrsos;a jHdmdrsl lghq; hf:dala; jmirsh;, Wmrsu Wmfhda.S;djfhka bgqlr.; yelsmrsos;ah

fuz ksid ;ukag wjYH u;h f,dalhmqrd jHdma;lr yrskqjskd ksjeros foa flfrys ;elSula

fkdflfrA nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k udkjhka fyda fmd|=fjz ffcj

m@cdj iuznJOfhka jQ wdl,am i;HjYfhka ms<s.ekSu ysxidjdohla jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th

h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla yd huz huz uQ<Ou!jdoS ysxil wdl,am jO!kh lrkakla nejsks


ms<sf.k l@shdlsrSuo nq|=iuh wjsysxidjoS idrOu! ixl,amhlaa f,i fkdi,lhs tfiau th bj;,Sugo

Wmfoia imhd ;sfnz mrmqrska meusfkk foa ksjeros jSugo mqZMjk tfia fkdjSugo mqZMjk we;euzg

mrmqrska meusfkk foh ksjerosjSfuz iuzNdjs;djg jvd ksjeros fkdjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj jevsjkakgo

mqZMjk flfiajqjo mrmqrska mej;Su taldka; i;Hlehs .ekSfuys lsishuz |=rAj,;djhla mj;sknj

fuz wkqj jegyShhs tfiau tfia ie,lSu cSj ys;jdohla fkdjk njo fmfka i;Hfhka f;dr;;ajhla

i;Hhehs ms<s.ekqu ienE wysxidjdoh fkdjk nejsks


i;H hehs ta Tiafia ks.ukhlg meusKSuo nq|=iuh ksjeros hehs ms<sfkd.kS funZ|= lshuka tlafld

yrsjsh yelsh ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros jsoHd;aul

l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s .efkkafka ke; fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk wysxidjoh

mqoa., ukfiys frdamKh lsrSug miqnsu ilia fkdlrk ks.uk f,ii,ld bj;,Sug nq|=iuh

Wmfoia oS ;sfnz



wkqu; fkdlrhs tnZ|= ks.ukj,g t<USu yxil wdl,amj,ska w.;shg hdula yegshg nq|=iuh

yZ|=kajdoS we; lsishuz wd.ula ms,snZoj kuz tu wd.ug wh;a iduzm@odhsl .@F:j,ska ms<snsUqjkafka tu

wd.fuz ft;sydisl jsldYhhs TzkEu wd.ula .;al< i;Hh thhs fujeks huzhuz woyia uQ<Ou!jdoS

u; f,I taldka; .@yKhlg .ekSu ysxidjdohg ud.!h fy<sfmfy<slrfohs uq,anq|=iuh

ysxidjdoh fldfy;au wkqu; lrkafka ke; iduzm@odhsl .@J:j,g jeZ|=uz msZ|+uz lruska bkakjdg jvd

tajdfhys ;sfnkakdjQ foa jspdr mQrAjlj lshjd tajd ms<snZoj mQrAjks.ukj,g t<USfuka f;drj

ms<smeo ;udu m@;HCIlr.ekSug W;aiy l<hq;nj fuhska ksrAfoaYjk ldrKhhs tjsg huzlsis

1 tu' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 'msgqq ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

136wd.usl .@F:hlska olajd ;sfnkakdjQ iuzmQrAK wd.usl ksIaGdjg t<USug lsishuz ;eke;af;lg

wmyiqjqj;a ;uka ms<smeoaodjQ ljrfyda ksrAfoaYhlska ;udf.a cSjs;hg huz muK fyda wdf,dalhla

we;sjsks kuz tu lreKu idOlfldg f.k tys ksrAfoaYflrS we;s wfkla lreKqo fuz wkqj ksjeros

fj;ehs hk ks.ukhg t<USug TzkEu flfklg yelshdj we;


f,i ,efnzkuz tnZ|= ksrAfoaYhka wi;H yd oDIaGs.@ykhka f,i i,ld bj;,Sug iq|=iqh n@dyauK

wd.usl .@F:j, oelafjkafka iFJ>d;kh lris|=flfrk hd.h uZ.ska flfkl iajrA..duS njg

n@yau iyjiH;djhg m;a lrknjhs kuq;a i;HjYfhkau ienEj jkdyS >d;k l@shdj,sh uZ.ska

ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs ffjrhhs fl@daOps;a;hhs iajrA..duS njg

n@yaujsyrKhg m;aflfrkafka is;;, fu;a;dj lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj jO!kh lsrSfuks fuz


muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel th tfia ms<s.ekSu ysxidjdofhka w.;shg

hdulanj ms<sf.k ;sfnkqfha fulS ixorANh lrKfldgf.kh



jYfhka Ndjs;dlsrSu nq|=iuh fkdms<s.kshs taksid wod< m@ia;;fhys uQ<sl mokug fkd.e<fmk yd



muKla fy,sflfrk ngysr wersiafgdag,shdkq ;rAlkl@ufjzoh yd ;@sfldagsl p;iafldagsl ia;rhka

f.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys oajsfldagslnjjk m@;sfYaOkd;a ulnj yd m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj blaujd

m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh ;rAlkl@ufjzoh

kao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid tnZ|= iSudiys;

js.@yhla uZ.ska wod< m@ia;;h ms<snZo irAjiuzmQrAK ks.ukhlg meusKSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu cSj ys;jdoS wdl,amhla fyda wysxidjoS idrOu!hla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs

ta ksid ;drAlsl nj jspdrmQrAjlNdjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|=iuh

fkdolsk w;r tjeks ;drAlsl mokula iys; jsOsl@uhla uZ.ska i;HdjfndaOh lrd <Z.djSu iy

uq,qukskau tau; mokuzjSu idjoH ys ysxidjdoS jQjla nj;a fujeks wdl,am bj;alrjd fya;M,jd oS

wdl,amhka ;,ska .egZMj,g ms<shuz fijSu ksjeros wjsysxidjdoh nj;a nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs

kHdh (khfya; Nomological Implication)2 lsishuz jsIhl isoaOdka;hs tu jsIh wd.ula fyda



moaO;shhs jrA;udkfhys fuz wdldrfhka oekqu tl;jS kHdhhka iliajS w,q;a w,q;a jsIhhka mjd

nsysj we; udkj jsoHdj tf,i nsysj we;s kjjsIhls iudchSh jsoHdjkaf.ka ld,dka;rhla ;siafia

tla/ia jQ oekqu udkj jsoHdfjys kHdhka f.dvkexjSug Wmia:uzNl jS ;snqks Wmfhda.s;djh wkqj

1 tu' ud ;lalyaud ;lalyaud ;lalyaud ;lalya; 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud khfya;ud khfya;ud khfya;ud khfya;


jkakg uq,a kHhdhka l@udkQl~,j ixialrKhjSug ,lajSuhs jrskajr ixialrKhjSug ,lajkjd hkq

fjkia jSug ,lajkjd hkakhs tuksid fuz whqrska jrska jr fjkiajkakd jQ kHdhhka lsishuz

m@ia;;hl ksrjoH;djh jsksYaph lsrSfuys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekSu nq|=iuh m@;sfCIamlrhs

huzlsis fya;jlska th ksrjoH;djh m@udKhlsrSfuys,d tlu i;Hf,i Wmfhda.Slr.ekSu

ysxidjdoh ia:dms; lsrSula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs fuz uZ.ska uQ<Ou!jdoS wdl,am nsysjSug;a ta Tiafia

l@shdlsrsug;a wjldY ie,fik nejsks


ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka ks.ukj,g t<eUSu o nq|=iufhka m@;sfCI flfrA mqoa., kdkd;ajh wkqj

ixZ{d kdkd;ajho ixZ{d kdkd;ajh wkqj pska;k kdkd;ajho pska;k kdkd;ajh wkqj fpz;kd

kdkd;ajho fpz;kd kdkd;ajh wkqj lu!jsmdlhkaf.a kdkd;ajho lu! jsmdlhkaf.a kdkd;ajh

wkqj .;s W;am;a;s Njhkaf.a kdkd;ajho we;sfjz tfia fyhska tla wfhlg f.daprjk fohu ;j;a

flfklg wf.daprjk foaf,i fmfka flfklg ri ;j flfklg ji hehs lSjdfia ish,a,kagu

fmd|=jk tlu ks.ukhlg meusKshyels hula fuz f,dj;, ;snsh fkdyel fuz ;;ajh hgf;a

tlawfhlf.a lSm fofklf.a fyda nyq;rhlf.a fm#oa.,sl repslFjhka mdollrf.k th tlu

usKquzoKavfldg i,ld huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj ksjeros jsoHd;aul js.@ylg t<Ush yelsfkdfjz

tfia t<USug W;aiy oerSu ;,ska mjd is|=jkQfha ;ukag fjkia u; orkakka fj;g udkisl

n,y;aldrlula is|=lsrSuls ldhsl n,y;aldrlug jvd udkisl n,y;aldrlu ysxilh wkHhkaf.a

wevs jsfrdaO;djh uOHfha hful tfia t<fUkjdkuz th ysxidjdofhkaa w.;shg hdula f,i

nq|=iuh i,lhs


m@ia;; hl ksrjoH;djh mrSCIdlsrSfuz tlu usKquzoKavfldg Ndjs;dlsrSu iq|=iq fkdjknj

nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs lsishuz fohla weiska |=gqj;a lKska weiqj;a is;ska is;j;a ksYaps;j

;yjqrelrf.k usi ks.ukj,g fkdt<Ush hq;nj idudkH jHjydrfhao oelafjz tfiajkafka

iuyrjsg b;du;a myiqfjka wmf.a bJ|@hhka /jgshyels nejska ta Tiafia ikaksfjzokh jkakdjQ

iuyr f;dr;rej, h:diajNdjh wm uq,ska Wml,amkh lrkjdgjvd fjkiajshyels nejsks fuzksid

tu ikaksfjzokhka mdollrf.k CIKsl ks.ukj,g fkd<Ush hq; nj;a tfia t<fUkakdjQ

ks.uhka cSjys;jdohg tfrys jkakdjQ ysxidjdoS ks.uk jshyelsnj;a nq|=iuh fmkajdfokq ,nhs


(iufKda fkd .rE Cousultations of Preceptor)3 Wkajykafiaf.a jpkhu muKla tlu

wdma;jpkhfldg i,ldf.k th mdollrf.k huzhuz ks.ukj,g ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka

fkdt<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs i;HjQjlao

jshyelshs i;HjQj;a ke;;a .rejrhd flfrys jqj;a wkaOf,i yd wuQ<sl ioaOd uQ<ldrfhka

1 tu' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s

138jsYajdih fkd;nd lsishuz m@ia;;hla i;Hfj;ao fkdfj;aoehs ;ukau th ms<smeo meyeos,sf,i

jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs .rejrhdf.a jpkhu m@udKh blaujd wJOf,i f.k

l@shdlrkakg hdu .rejrhdg jqj;a tla;rd whqrlska ysxikhls udkisl jOhls nqoaOsu;a fkdjQ

fujeks YsIHhka lvqfjka ueiaika t<jQ fudav jZ|=rd ms<snZo isoaOsh wmg isysm;a lrfohs ;j;a

WmfoaYhlska lshfjkqfha fudav wkaf;ajdislhdg jvd nqoaOsu;a i;rd fydZonjhs fuhska lshfjkqfha

nqoaOsu;a fkdjSfuz ysxidjdoS iajrEmhhs ;ukag jvd;a m@sh lrkakdjQ mqoa.,hdfj;ska ;ukaf.a mru

i;rl hehs ;ud is;d isgsk jsjD; udkisl wdl,am j,ska lghq; lrk ;ukag ys;j;a fkdjk

whf.ka is|=jkjdg jvd whym;la ysxidjdoS iajrEmfhka ,Z.djk njhs

fuu ldrKh flfiaj;a .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz isysfkkaj;a tfia fkdis;sh hq;h

.rejrhdg f.#rjl< hq;h tfiau W.kajk foa meyeos,sj wid OdrKhlr tajd ms<smeo ;ukaf.a

cSjs;g tlalrf.k ;ukaf.a cSjs;h tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h

.rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<sfkdmeo tu jpkh i;Ho tfia ke;skuz wi;Hoehs ks.ukhlg t<Ush

fkdyelsnejsks huzfyhlska tfia fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a

m@.;sh bka fkdie,fik nejska nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrkafka yq|=Nla;shg jvd |=r.shdjQ

wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@.;sh yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul jrAOkhhs ufkdapd<l lI,d;djh hkqo fuuehs

wOHdmk jsoHdfjz isiq m@.;sh uek nef,kqfha fuu ufkdapd<l .Kh uZ.sks YsIHhd ;uka W.kajk

foa uekjska OdrKh lrf.k ish cSjs;hg tlalrf.k isgskafkaoehs jsuid nef,kqfha fuu

ufkdpd<l .Kh uZ.ks fuhg wu;rj wdl,am lY,;d hkqfjkao isiq we.hSu jrA.SlrKhg

,laflfrA kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo bkam@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj

uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d

yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl<

Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls





;djh jsksYaphlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekau nq|=iuh olajkafka cSj ysxidjdoS

wdl,amhkaf.ka w.;shg hdula(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects) f,ihs1 ysxidjdofhka

f;drj mshjs ukiska hqla;j I;r n@yaujsyrK uZ.ska olajk ,o cSj ys;jdoS wdl,amj,ska hqla;j

l@shdlsrSug kuz by; olajk,o ukisl wdjD;Ndjh we;slrjk lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh

wjOdrKh lrhs

wmamspzP;d(Moderate / Ascctisism)

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

139 mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; cSjs;h ksrjq,aj mj;ajdf.khdug fnfyjska Wmldrjk idrOu!

yegshg ‘wmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dwmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dwmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dwmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;d’foloelafjz’fuys idudkH ir,woyi iaj,amhlska i;gqjSu

iaj,amhla leu;sjSu hkakhs'NsCIQkajykafia,d iuznJOfhka .ekSfuzoS wmamspzP;djkai;rla.ek

iZoykafldgwe;'’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfP'’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfP'’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfP'’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfPda Oq;dx.da Oq;dx.da Oq;dx.da Oq;dx.

wmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrdwmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrdwmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrdwmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrd wmamspzPd'’wmamspzPd'’wmamspzPd'’wmamspzPd'’

fuys iZoykalrk wmamspzP;di;r jsfYaIfhka olajd;sfnkafka NsCIQkajykafiaiuznJOfhks' fuzjd

fya; fldgf.k NsCIqj m@;H,dNhiZoyd fhduqjSulafkdl<hq; nj fuhska wjOdrKh lrhs'

m@;H,dNh iZoyd l@shdlrkafkakuz Tyq wmamspzP;d .Kfhka hq;aflfkl fkdj ‘uyspzP;djfhka’

hqla;jQfjl njg m;afjz'

w,fmapzP;djh ms<snZoj .sysfhlg Wps; [email protected] mxpYS,m@;smodj;< wvx.fjz'mrmK

keiSfuka je<lSfuz YsCIdmoh;< iFj>d;kh muKlafkdj iFjysxikh yd iFjysxidjg

rel,afokakdjQ l@shdj,ska je<lSu wdoS b;dmqZM,a mrdihla wka;rA.;h'fujeks cSjs;hla .;lrkakd

ksr;reju ;ukalrkakdjQ wmrdOldrS yd ysxiksl l@shdj,g f.d|=rejQjkafj;ska ;ukag

wk.;fhysoS we;sjshyelaldjQ wkrA:ldrS n,mEums<snZoj is;uska oevsudkisl mSvkhlskahq;j

ld,h.;lrkafka fjhs';u cSjs;h ms,snZoj nshlska lghq;lrkakg jSuksid ksrka;rfhka idudkH

mqoa.,fhlg jvd wdrCIdldrSf,i l,a.;lrkakg is|=fjz'

;ud isgsk ia:dkh oevs wdrCIdldrS jgdmsgdjlska wuq;fjkau ilialsrSug is|=jSu"wdrCIdjg

msrsian,h fhojSug is|=jSu"ksrka;rfhkau m@n,mqoa.,hkaf.a msysg yd wdrCIdj m;d Tjqkag

ksrka;rfhka Okh,nd osh hq;jSu"hkdoS jYfhka tlsfkl wE|=kdjQ uy;a lror fmryerlg

uqyqKoSug mrmK keiSfuz fhfokakd jQ mqoa.,hdg is|=fjz'tjsg w,afmapzP f,i fkdj

ufypzP;djfhka hq;j cSj;ajSug Tyqg is|=fjz'

wfklaw;g mrmK keiSfuka j<lskakdjQ mqoa.,hdg fuz wuq;fjka we;slr.kakdjQ lror ysrsyer

lsisjla fkdfjz'Tyqg wjYHjkqfha cSjsfhlg cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hduiZoyd wjYHlrkakdjQ uQ<sl

wjYH;d fia ie<flk wdydr"b|=uzysgquz"fnfy;a"jia;@ jeks ir<foa muKs'Tyqf.a cSjs;h

w,afmapzPh'ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka jsYd, udkisl iykhla funZ|= mqoa.,hd Nla;sjsZoS'tu

udkisl iykh flfklg ufypzP;djfhka hq;j cSj;ajSfuka ,nd.; fkdyel'uqo,a jehlr,nd

.; fkdyels i;gla ieye,a,q meje;afuka hq; mqoa.,hd w;ajsoshs'fuz wdldrfhka mrmK keiSfuka

je<lSfuka w,afmapzP;djfhka hq;jjdih lsrSfuz bvia;djkdj mqoa.,hdg ,efnz'

mxpYS, YsCIdfjz fojeks wx.hjQ fidrluska je<lSu uZ.ska wkHhkai; fom< wdrCIdjSu

is|=fjz'fuz YsCIdmoho b;dmqZM,a ixorANhla;< l@shd;auljkakls'fuzhgf;a ;ukag wh;afkdjkakdjQ

ysusluz lukd ldrhlska fyda jxpksll@u Ndjs;dlr,nd.ekSuo fidrlu hg;g .efka'fuz hgf;a

ksishdldrj Y@uh je.srSulska f;drj ,nd.kakd wdrA:sl yd iudcSh m@;s,dNmjd fidrluska

,nd.kakd,o foaf,i ie,fla'

140 jegqma yd fjz;k"uQ,H yd idudcslm@;s,dN"ksiswdldrfhka wOHhk lghq;is|=fkdlr fjfyi

uykais jSulska f;drj uq,Hn,h yd foaYmd,kn,h ksid whq;f,i ,nd.kakd kuznqkdu iuzudk

wdpdrAhWmdOs jeksfoa mjd fidrluhg;g .efka.fufiajkafka idOdrKf,i fuzjd Wmhd.ekSug

kuz osjdrd;@S ksosjruska fjfyfiuska Y@uh j.rejuska b;d|=lfia mrAfhaIK ksnJOk rpkdlruska

oEf;a weZ.s,s f.fjkf;la tajd ghsmalruska fndfydafia |=lajsZoshhq; w;r";jflfkl tnZ|= lsis|=

fjfyilska f;drj wh:dudrA.fhka ,nd.ekSuksidhs';udl<djQ huzlsis WodrldhH!hlafjkqfjka

;udf.a lsis|= ueosy;ajSulska f;drj ,nd fokakdjQ by;lS foaj,a fuzhg;gfkd.efkkafka tajd

m@odkhlsrSu iZoyd wruqKqjQfya;j tamqoa.,hdis|= l<djQ huzlsisWodrldrAhla fjkqfjka" huzlsis

wOHhklghq;a;l fjfyiuykaisjS ksr;jQ wdldrhgu [email protected] lghq;lr ;sfnknejsks'

by;lS wdldrhg huzlsis mqoa.,fhl wh:[email protected] uQ,H yd wfkl;a m@;s,dN /ialrkafkakuz"ta

msKsi lsishuz fohla wdmiqiudchfj; Y@uh jYfhka ;s,sk fkdlrkafkakuz iudc iunr;djh

nsZoShhs'iudch ksis whqrska ixjsOdkd;aul wdldrfhka l@shd;aul jkafka fuu iudciunr;djh

wdrCIdjk;re muKs' huzfyhlska iudciunr;djh nsZoS.shfyd;a iudcfha fjfikakdjQ m@cdjg

b;doreKq jsmdlj,g uqyqK mEug is|=fjz'

fome;a;gu iunrj fnoShd hq;jQ fohla tlame;a;lg muKla .,dhhskuz ta lrKfldgf.k

th ,enshhq;jQ mCIh oevsf,i mSvjg m;afjz';;ajh os.skaos.gu fuf,i jqjfyd;a iudchdka;@Kh

huzlsis mqmqrdhdulg ,lajshyel'wiykh"wmrdO"md;d,h"uskSuereuz"oreKq.Kfha l@shd fuzjdfha

m@;sM,fjhs'

fidrlu fya;fjka /ialr.kakd,o w;srsla; iuzm;a fya;fldgf.k mqoa.,hdf.a uyspzP;djh

wOsljk w;r th ienjskau ,enshh;jQ mqoa.,hkag thfkd,enShdfuz jgdmsgdjla m@;sksu!dKhjSu

fya;fldgf.k iuzm;aawh;afldgf.k uyspzP;djfhka hq;j lghq;lrkakka fj; meyer.ekSfuz

hdka;@khlaf,i th t,a, fjz'fuzksid wmrdO kuska kuzlrkakdjQ ta meyer.ekSfuz hdka;@kh

fuf,i wdruzNfjz'fuzksid kS;sfhka oZvqjuska fuzjdj,g ia:sridr jsiZ|=uz fidhkjdg jvd ;u;uka

fm#oa.,slf,i lrkakdjQ kS;HkQl~, yd tfiafkdjk fidrluzj,ska je<lS lghq;lsrSu uZ.ska

idrA:ljsi|=ula ,nd.;yel'taksid fidrluska je,lSu uZ.ska w,afmapzP;djfhka hq;j ;ukaf.a

cSjs;h .;lsrSfuz yelshdj ,efnz'

mrodr weiqfrka fjkajSu;,skao mqoa.,fhlyg w,afmapzP;djh [email protected] bvm@ia;dj ie,fia.

mrodrweiqr ;j;afndfyda iudcSh jsm;aj,g uZ.fy,slrkakdjQ fohls';u;ukaf.a iudc;;ajh

fuuZ.ska ySk lr,hs'iudcfhkao ;u nsrsZof.kao ieushdf.kao wmjdo weiSug is|=fjz.1fkdfhl;a

lgl:dj,g ,lajSfjz.mrodrdjka ika;rAmKh lsrSug jehlsrSu msKsi Wmfhda.S lr.kakdjQ

iudcSh yd wdrA:slm@;s,dN jevsjevsfhka wh:dl@uNdjs;fhka wkqka iQrdlEu uZ.ska Wmhd.ekSug

fyda meyer.ekSug is|=jSu ksid uyspzP;djh yg.kS'

1 ia;@S ,sx.sl whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK fikirdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03 '2005 "7 msgqj'

141 mrodr weiqrmsKsi ,nd.kakd mqoa.,hka yd Tjqkaf.a Z{d;Skaf.ka t,a,jkakd jQ wys;lr

mSvkh";udf.a whym;a l@shdldrluz fya;fjka jsYd,i;re msrsila we;sjSu yd Tjqkaksid

ksrka;rfhkau w;sjkakdjQ udkisl mSvkh;a hk lreKqj,g uqyqKoSu msKsi Okh;a msrsian,h;a

foaYmd,kn,h;a ks,n,h;a f.dvkZ.d.ekSug wjYHjSu mqoa.,fhl;< uyspzP;djh we;slrjhs'1

jsjdy ixia:dj ;< mqreIfhlyg ia;@shlao"ia;@shlayg mqreIfhlao isgS'ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:dj

;< funZ|= w,afmpzP;djdoS meje;aula oel.;yel'kuq;a fuu ;;ajfhka Tnzng .ukalr;au mjq,a

ixia:dj;< fujeks w,afmapzP;djdoS meje;aula oel.; fkdyel'2tla mqoa.,fhl mqoa.,hka lSm

fofkla iuZ. ,sx.sl weiqrla meje;ajSu fuu ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:dj w,afmapzP;djhka |=rialrkakla

muKla fkdj iudcfrda. jHdma;sh flfryso m@n,jQ Wmia:uzNkhla ,ndfokakdjQ ldrKhlaf,i

ie<fla'mjq,a ixia:dj;, fjfik orejkaf.a udkislfi#LH msrsyShdug o wkd.;fhys fuzksid

Woa.;jkakdjQ iudcuh wrAnqohkag ;vqosh yelaldjQ .egZMj, flaka|@Sh idOlnsysjSugo fuh

fya;jlafjz'

tuksid ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:djg we;ZMjqjo fkdjqjo mrodrfiajkfhka je<lSu uZ.ska w,afmpzP;d

jfhka hq;j cSj;ajSfuz Nd.Hh Wodlr.; yel3'fuys ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:djg we;ZMjqjo hkqfjka

fhdok ,oafoa we;euzfokd fuzuZ.ska ,nkakdjQ idudcShiqrCIs;Ndjh mrodrfiajkfhys ksr;jSu

msksi ;uka,nd .kakd ,on,m;@hla ke;skuz wjirm;@hlaf,iNdjs;dlrknejsks'mrodrfiajkfhka

,ensh yelaldjQ wksism@;sM, ;u ;ukaf.a jsjdyiylref.a .sKqug nerlryelsjSu jsjdy ixia:dj

;,ska Tjqkag ,efnkakdjQ jsfYaI jrm@ido hla f,i i<ldfudjqka lghq;lrkq olakg ,efnz'fuzuZ.ska

;ukaf.a wysxil nsrsZo fyda ieushd m;ajkakdjQ udkislmSvkh uekjska f;areuzf.k lghq;lsrSu

hym;aiajdus oshKshl jYfhka nsrsZolf.a ldrAhNdrh jkw;r hym;a iajdusmqreIfhl jYfhka

iajdushdf.a ldrAhNdrh wehj fydZoska f;areuzf.k tnZ|= wjia:d j,oS ;u orejka .ek is;d yels

;dla bjiSfuka lghq; lsrSuhsz.iajdusmqreIhdo tf,iu ;u nsrsZofkdblaujd" wehjsiska ;udg l<djQ

fohg tlgtl lsrSuzjia fyda wh:diuznJOluz meje;ajSfuka je<lS lghq;lsrSu uZ.ska jsjdy

ixia:dj;< w,afmapzP;djh mj;ajd.ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ie<fia'4

mxpYS,m@;smodfjz i;rfjks wx.hf,i ie,flk uqidjdofhka je<lSuo w,afmapzP;djfhka hq;`j

cSj;ajSug wjYHlreKlafjz'uqidjdoh uZ.ska is|=jkqfha wkHhka mj;skakdjQ ienE;Fjh jk h:drA:

fhka Tnzng f.k hduhs'h:drA:h mj;skakdjQ ienE;Fjh kuz ienEfjka Tnzfnys we;af;a lulao

th h:drA:hg jvdjevs hula fyj;a w;srsla; hulajknj meyeos,sh'fuu w;srsla;;d .Kh;<

.enzjkqfha ufypzP;djhhs'tkuz w,afmapzzP;djh jkqfha h:drA:h nejz meyeos,sh'

fuh ksoiqkla uZ.ska meyeos,s lr.; yelsh';udg ienjskau ke;a;djQ hula we;ehs lshkakd;<

jsoHudk jkqfha ienjskau tu ;eke;a;dg fkdue;s hula h:drA:fhka neyerj ujd fmkajSuls'fuu

;;ajh Okh" iudc ;;ajh"W.;alu"ks,n,h fyda .Kj;alu jshyel'th i;Hhg jvd ks;ru

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 tu' 3 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh"bJ|@dks fmfrArd"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd" fld<U"2000"34-89 msgq ' 4 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh"bJ|@dks fmfrArd"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd" fld<U"2000"' 91-102 msgq

142w;srsla;hla fmkajk ksid ufypzP;djfhka hqla;hs'OHdk ud.!M, jeks W;a;rS;r ukqIHOu!

;udg we;ehs mjid tauZ.ska Wor fmdaIKh ,nkjdg jvd ;shqKq ie;lska Worhlmd.ekSu

hym;anj jskh msglfhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg nq|=ysushka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz'

wfkla w;g ienjskau ;udg we;a;djQ hula fkdue;sf,i wZ.jdo bZ.sfhka fyda jpkfhka mjido

tho i;Hhg W#kjQ hulajk nejska h:drA:fhka neyerjk nejska ufypzP;djh yg.ekajSug

fya;jkakdjQ lreKla f,i i<ld;sfnz';udg we;s hula ke;sf,i mjikafka bka huzlsis whq;`

m@fhdackhla ,n.ekSu iZoydh'tlaflda ;jjevsmqr ,nd.ekSugh';udg wkHhkag jvd we;a;djQ

huzlsis lY,;djhla fyda yelshdjla wkHhka flfrka iZ.jdf.k cSj;ajSuo ;udf.a lY,;djfhka

wkqkag WojzlsrSfuz j.lSu meyer yerSula jknejska tho ufypzP;djfhka hqla; jSulaf,i ie<fla'

fuz hgf;a oCI ffjoHjrfhl" .rejrfhl"Ys,amShoCI;d we;s wfhl";u jD;a;Sh ksmqKFjfhka

lghq;lsrSfuz wjia:djkat<Usl< ;udg tjekakla lsrSfuz yelshdj ke;ehs lshd luzue,slu ksid fyda

jevsmqruQ,H yd iudcSh m@;s,dN ysuslr.ekSfuz n,dfmdfrd;a;fjka ;u ienEyelshdjka jid

lghq;lsrSuo uyspzP;djfhka hqla;j lghq;lsrSula f,i ie<fla'

fuu lreKq ukdj wjfndaOlr.kakd iqjp mqoa.,hd wjYH;efkysoS ;u idudcSh hq;luz ksis

whqrska bgq lsrSu msKsi i;Hjpkh .refldg .kshs'fy;u ufypzP;djh yeroud w,afmapzP;dj

fhka hqla;j cSj;a fjhs'1

by; olajk ,o lreKq i;frys tkuz i;kauerSu"fidrlu"mrodrfiajkh"uqidjdoh hk lreKq

j,ska wkHhka je<elajSfuys,d l@shdlsrSuo w,afmapzP;djh we;slrjkakdjQ l@shdjlaf,i ie<fla'2

wOHdmk jsoHdfjz fuu lreK fm<UjSfuz kHdh f,i jsia;rflfrA'3fuu fm<UjSu kuz m@;scd

kd;aul fm<UjSuhs'fuh m@;scdkd;aul Wmia:uzNkh f,igo yeZoskafjz'huzlsis orefjl |=iaiudys;

prAhdjlska je<elajSug;a" iqiudys; prAhdjl ksr;lrjSug;a fulS m@;scdkd;aul Wmia:uzNkj,g

we;af;a mq|=udldr yelshdjls.4fuz ksidu wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdZ{fhda jsjsO udkjprAhdmrAfhaIK l@u

is|=lruska ta o;a;weiqfrka jsjsO ks.uk j,g t<fUuska tu ks.uk Wml,amk f,i Ndjs;dlruska

<uqkag jvd;a myiqfjka W.kajkafka flfiao lshd fidhdne,Qy'tafidhd ne,Su fya;fldgf.k prAhd

ixialrKl@u Ys,amh keue;s prAhd;aul wOHdmk l@ufjzoh f,djg bosrsm;al<y'5

huzlsiss fohla ms<snZoj usksidf.a ;sfnk iajNdjsl fm<USfuz yd fm<UjSfuz Yla;sh fuysoS

Wmfhda.S lr.kS'ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjk mxpYSmm@;smodfjz miafjks wx.hf,i fuu fm<UjSfuz

1 lrKSh fu;a; iQ;a;fhys wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;s hkafkka js.@y lrkqfha fulS iye,a,q mej;`fuys iauNdjhhs' 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq'c' uq'337-343 msgq'mrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKxmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKxmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKxmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k yka;s k yka;s k yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fywoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fywoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fywoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh da;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh da;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh da;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;s 3 Ydia;@Sh idOlfha ;Srl mqkrSCIKhla"uSkd fi.,a"wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj"ixia'csf;aJ|@ fudydka"mrs'iajrAKd jsfcA;x."wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;`j"n;a;ruq,a,"1996"279-286 msgq' 4 tu 289 msgqj 5 mka;s ldurh;< wNsfm@arKh"csf;kaJ|@ fudaydka"wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj"ixia' csf;akaJ|@ fudaydka"mrs' iajrAKd jsfcA;x."wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;j"n;a;ruq,a,"1996"333-343 msgq'

143kHdh oelafjz' flfkla u;ameka Ndjs;h ksid iajNdjslju krlg fhduqfjz'tfukau tajdhska

je<lS lghq;lsrSu ksid hym;gfhduqfjz'fuysoSo l@shd;aul jkafka fuufm<USfuz yd fm<UjSfuz

kHdhhhs'

fuz wkqj ;ud isyskqjKska jdihlsrSu ;ukaf.a lghq; oshqkqjSug fukau"wkHhka hym;a lghq;`

j, fm<UjSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHhkaf.a hym; msKsio fya;fjz' ish,a, h:drA:hg iuSmlrjl

cSjk m@;smodjla ysuslrfok nejska w,amapzP;djfhka hq;j jsiSulaf,i ie<fla'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros

lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh

lr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'



jHdma;jS we;'f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska msysgs fjk;a rgl

g CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we;'f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS jsYaj .uzudkhla

njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh'fuzksid f,dalh yels,S

w;snj we;efula mji;s kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i Ndjs;dfjkjd o

hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we;'TzkEu fohla mqZM,ajSu;a jHdma;s

h;a iuZ. thg f.da,ShOkjdoS rduqfjka mrsndysrj yqol,d tallhlaf,i lghq;lsrSfuz fkdyelshd

jla we;sfjz'fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla ;, we;s jshyels fohls'

th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta ta rfgys we;s wdKavqjsiska

fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.sks'




fuz ksid ;ukag wjYH u;h f,dalhmqrd jHdma;lr yrskqjskd ksjeros foa flfrys ;elSula

fkdflfrA'nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka ms<s.ekSu

oDIaGs.@ykhla jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla nejsks'



mrmqrska meusfkk foa ksjeros jSugo mqZMjk'tfia fkdjSugo mqZMjk'we;euzg mrmqrska meusfkk foh



1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

144tfiau tfia ie,lSu oDIaGs.@ykhla jknjo fmfka'i;Hfhka f;dr;;ajhla i;Hhehs

ms<s.ekqu oDIaGshlajk nejsks'



yrsjsh yelsh ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh'wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros jsoHd;aul

l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;'fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk oDIaGs.@yKhka

f,ii,ld bj;,S ug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz'







t<USfuka f;drj ms<smeo ;udu m@;HCIlr.ekSug W;aiyl<hq;nj fuhska ksrAfoaYjk ldrKhhs'

tjsg huzlsis wd.usl .@F:hlska olajd ;sfnkakdjQ iuzmQrAK wd.usl ksIaGdjg t<USug lsishuz

;eke;af;lg wmyiqjqj;a ;uka ms<smeoaodjQ ljrfyda ksrAfoaYhlska ;udf.a cSjs;hg huz muK

fyda wdf,dalhla we;sjsks kuz tu lreKu idOlfldgf.k tys ksrAfoaYflrS we;s wfkla lreKqo fuz

wkqj ksjeros fj;ehs hk ks.ukhg t<USug TzkEu flfklg yelshdj we;'


f,i ,efnzkuz tnZ|= ksrAfoaYhka wi;H yd oDIaGs.@ykhka f,i i,ld bj;,Sug iq|=iqh'n@dyauK

wd.usl .@F:j, oelafjkafka iFj>d;kh lris|=flfrk hd.h uZ.ska flfkl iajrA..duS njg

n@yau iyjiH;djhg m;a lrknjhs kuq;a i;HjYfhkau ienEj jkdyS >d;k l@shdj,sh uZ.ska

ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs'ffjrhhs'fl@daOps;a;hhs'iajrA..duS njg



muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel'th tfia ms<s.ekSu oDIaGsfhka w.;shg hdula nj







1 tu' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;`

145muKla fy,sflfrk ngysr wersiafgdag,shdkq ;rAlkl@ufjzoh yd ;@sfldagsl p;iafldagsl

ia;rhka f.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys oajsfldagslnjjk m@;sfYaOkd;a ulnj yd m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj

blaujd m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh ;rAlk

l@ufjzoh kao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid tnZ|=

iSudiys; js.@yhla uZ.ska wod< m@ia;;h ms<snZo irAjiuzmQrAK ks.ukhlg meusKSu nq|=iuh

wkqu;fkdlrhs' tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu oDIaGs.@ykhla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'ta ksid

;drAlslnj jspdr mQrAjl Ndjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|=iuh fkdolska

w;r tjeks ;drAlsl mokula iys; jsOsl@uhla uZ.ska i;HdjfndaOh lrd <Z.djSu iy uq,qukskau

tau; mokuzjSu idjoHnj nq|= iuh fmkajdfohs'







kHhhka fl;ruz M,odhljqj;a kHdfhys we;s |=n,;djh jkqfha w,q;a oekqu tla jkakg jkakg uq,a

kHhdhka l@udkQl~,j ixialrKhjSug ,lajSuhs'jrskajr ixialrKhjSug ,lajkjd hkq fjkia

jSug ,lajkjd hkakhs'tuksid fuz whqrska jrska jr fjkiajkakd jQ kHdhhka lsishuz m@ia;;hl

ksrjoH;djh jsksYaph lsrSfuys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekSu nq|=iuh m@;sfCIamlrhs'huzlsis

fya;jlska th ksrjoH;djh m@udKhlsrSfuys,d tlu i;Hf,i Wmfhda.Slr.ekSu oDIaGs.@yKh

lsrSula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'


ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka ks.ukj,g t<eUSu o nq|=iufhka m@;sfCI flfrA mqoa., kdkd;ajh wkqj

ixZ{d kdkd;a jho ixZ{d kdkd;ajh wkqj pska;k kdkd;ajho we;sfjz'tfia fyhska tla wfhlg








nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'lsishuz fohla weiska |=gqj;a lKska weiqj;a is;ska is;j;a ksYaps;j ;yjqrelr


1 tu' ud khfya;ud khfya;ud khfya;ud khfya; 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

146b;du;a myiqfjka wmf.a bJ|@hhka /jgshyels nejska ta Tiafia ikaksfjzokh jkakdjQ iuyr






jpkhfldg i,ldf.k th mdollrf.k huzhuz ks.ukj,g ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka

fkdt<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs'iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs i;HjQjlao



jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs'fuu ldrKh .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz'.rejrhdg

f.#rjl< hq;h'tfiau W.kajk foa meyeos,sj wid OdrKhlr tajd ms<smeo ;ukaf.a cSjs;g

tlalrf.k ;ukaf.a cSjs;h tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h'.rejrhd

f.a jpkh ms<sfkdmeo tu jpkh i;Ho tfiake;skuz wi;Hoehs ks.ukhlg t<Ush fkdyelsnejsks'

huzfyhlska tfia fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a m@.;sh bka fkd

ie,fik nejska nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrkafka yq|=Nla;shg jvd |=r.shdjQ wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@.;sh

yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul jrAOkhhs'kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo

bkam@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka

fuka nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka

ry;ajSu msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl< Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu

ksoiqkls'





;djh jsksYaphlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekau nq|=iuh olajkafka oDIaGsfhka w.;s

hg hdula(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects) f,ihs'2 oDIaGs.@yKfhka f;drj mshjs

ukiska hqla;jSug kuz by; olajk,o lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'

ika;gzGs;d(Acceptance)

‘ika;gzGdid;s p;iq mpzpfhaiq ;Sys ixflafiys ix;gzGiai’hkqfjka wgqjdfjys olajdwe;'h:d,dN

ixf;daIh cSjs;hl Wiiach.@yKls'tanj‘ix;gzGsmruxOkx’hkb.ekajSfuka meyeos,sfjz'Okfhka

yd fjk;a,dNhkaf.kaa wm wfmaCIdlrkafka i;ghs'tuksid i;g mru Okh jYfhka ielSu hqla;s

iy.;h'kuq;anq|=oyu wjOdrKhlrk i;gla kQ;k fN#;sl ixialD;shjsiska wjOdrKh lrk

1 tu' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

147i;g;a w;r fjkila ;snshhq;nj ie,lsh hq;h'kQ;k fN#;sl ixialD;sh iem; fidhd

hkakls' tfy;a tys m@lgj fmfkk m@;sM, wiykhhs'wiykh i;gg m@;smCIjQjls'oshqKq hehs

lshk rgj, wiykho jv jvd;a me;sr mj;S'fN#;sl ixialD;sh udkj ixialD;shg ,ndoS we;af;a

wiykhkuz tu ixialD;shg wh;a l@shdud.!fhys lsishuz wvqmdvqjla ;nsh hq;h'

Okh bmhSu iZoyd lrf.k hkq,nk fj<Zoduz yd lu!dka; idrA:l jHdmdrnjg m;afjkafka tu

NdKav iZoyd b,a,qu jevsjQjsg nj ms<s.;a wdrA:sl kHdhls'tfiakuz fuzjd us<oS .ekSu iZoyd

fm<UjSuz we;sl,hq;h' fuz fm<UjSuz j,ska w;Dma;sh iy wiykh me;srhhs'lu!dka;lrejkaf.a yd

fjf<kaokaf.a Okh bmhSfuz wfmaCIdj idrA:l lr.ekSu Wfoid fmd|=ckhd fm<Usuzj, f.d|=re

njg m;alr.;hq;h'kjSk iudcfha wiykh wdfjzKsl wx.hlanjg m;ajwe;af;a fuz fya;j ksidh

rgzGmd, iQ;@h fuz ldrKh .ek ;sfnkafka ‘W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd odfida’W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd odfida’W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd odfida’W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd odfida’ hkqfjks'

fmd|= ckhd NdKavNdjs;hg jevsjYfhka wenzneysjQjsg nyqNdKavsl ixl,amfhka hqla;jQjsg

Tjqkaf.a wdodhu taNdKav us<oS.ekSug m@udKj;afkdfjz' tafya; fldgf.k NdKavmsmdihla yd

Ok msmdihla ck;dj w;r me;srhhs'funZ|=fm<USuzj,g jy,ajQjsg YdrSrsl jYfhka we;s Yla;sh;a

udkisl Yla;sh;a CIhjS hhs'

thska jv jvd;a wiykh me;sfrA wiykh |=relr.ekSug jsfYaIfhka ;reK msrsi u;a|@jH Ndjs;

hg wenzneysfjz'thska is|=jkafka wiykh ;j;j;a jevsjSuhs'lduhkag jy,ajSuksid mqoa., lKavdh

uz ixjsOdk yd rch w;r fkdfhla .egquz yg.kakd wkaou ucACOsuksldfha pQ<|=laLJO uyd|=laLJO

iQ;@j, jsia;rfldg we;'jevjiuzl@uh mej;s fm#rdKsl iudcj, mjd kd.rsl Wiiahehsiuzu;

iudcfhys fuz w;Dma;sh me;sr.sh whqre ucACOsukldfha rgzGmd,iQ;@fhys jsia;rfjz'

rgzGmd, f;reka yuqjQ fldrjH rc;ud Wkajykafia uy;aOkhla w;ayeroud mejsosjQfha ula

ksidoehs m@Yaklrhs' Wkajykafia Bg|=kaa ms,s;r fldmuK Okh mej;sh;a f,dalhd w;Dma;sfhka

fmf<knjoel uyKjQnjWkajkafia iZoykalr;s'j;!udk fN#;sl ixialD;sfhka jgjQ f,dalh fuz

w;Dma;sh yd wiykh ms,snZoj fydZou WodyrKhls'

nq|=iufhka ksrAfoaYlrk cSjkrgdjg wkqj fuz .egZMjg hqla;siy.; kHdhdkql~, [email protected]

ms<s;rla bosrsm;afldg ;sfnz'Ndkav ksIamdokhiuznJOfhka b,a,qu mrsfNdckh w;rwe;s mr;rh

fuz wiykhg fya;jhs'wiykh ke;slsrSug kuz mrsfNdackh yd b,a,qu w;r we;s mr;rh ke;s

fldg th iu ;Fjhgf.kwd hq;hs'

m,uqfldgu b,a,qu fyj;a wjYH;dj tajd,nd.;yels m@udKhka yev.eiajSu tu l@uhhs'm<uqj

mqoa.,sl wjYH;djhka ,efnk m@udKhg ta wjYH;djh yev.iajd.ekSu fuzl@ufha wdruzNhhs'

h:d,dN ixf;daIh:d,dN ixf;daIh:d,dN ixf;daIh:d,dN ixf;daIhkqfjka thyeZoskafjz',nd.; yels tfiau oekg ,efnk m@udKh .ek i,ldn,d

b,a,Su fyj;a wjYh;d yev.iajd.ekSu fuz l@shdud.!hhs'

148 wk;rej w,afmapzP ika;gzGs cSjs;h iudc rgdfjyso jeo.;a wxYhlajYfhka nq|=oyu

W.kajhs' rdcH yd iudc ixjsOdkhlao f.dvkeZ.shhq;af;a fuz h:d,dN ixf;daI hk w,afmapzP

cSjkm@;smodj kag wkqql~,jhs' tuksid wiykh |=relr.ekSug idrOu!hla jYfhka mqoa.,sl

h:d,dN ikaf;daIh mqre|=mqyqKq l<hq;h'

uS <Z.g iudcfha lvdu tallhjk mjq, .u mdie, mkai, rdcHixjsOdkhk wdh;k ish,a,lau

tu m@;sm;a;s ms<s.; hq;h'ms<sf.k tu m@;sm;a;sj,g tfrys j f.khkakdjQ jdKscuh fm<UjSuz

md,khlr .ekSug yelsiduQysl m@h;akhla oersh hq;h'fuh rfgz ixialD;sh ms<snZo mqkrA ixjsOdk

hl iajrEmfhka yev.eiajSuh'jHdmdrslhkag ish Okh bmhSug ck;dj f.d|=relr.kakg bvosh

hq;af;a iudc ia:djrFjh wdrCIdjk mrsosh'1

jsoHd;aul jYfhkao fuz m@Yakh foi ne,sh yelsh'jrA;udk fN#;slYsIaGdpdrhg wjYHNdKav

hka oeka ksmojk m@udKhg tu fjz.fhka ksmojSug wjYH fN#;sliuzm;a uyfmd<fjz CIhjSf.k

hhs' wOsmdrsfNdac k cSjk rgdjksid wksl;a iuzm;ao fufia CIh jSf.khhs'taksid wiSus;wdYdjka

wiSus;b,a,quz flf;la ;snqk;a ta iZoyd iemhsh hq; NdKav ksmojSug wjYH iajdNdjsl iuzm;a

ke;slukssid ljqre leu;sjQj;a ke;;a ksIamdokh k;rjkq we;'

oekg we;s iuzm;a uyspzP;djfhka f;drj Ndjs;dl<fyd;a m@Yakhg ;rul fyd ms<s;rla

,efnkq we;.ika;IaGsh jQ l,S h:d,dN h:dn, h:didremam hehsfldgia ;kls',efnk m@udKh

Yla;sh we;s m@udKh iq|=iqlu ,ndwe;s m@udKh wkqqj ;Dma;su;ajSu fuz lreKq ;fkka woyiafjz'ta

ksid wiykhg m@;slu!fidhk j;!udk f,dalhg ix;DIagsh ms<snZo fn#oaO b.ekajSu wdf,dalhla jkq

we;' uZ. fmkajSula jkqwe;'

nq|=iuh i;g hkqfjka js.@ylrkafka |=flkaksoyiajSuhs'fuz |=flkaksoyiajSu;, bka|@Sh m@Skkfh

ka ,nkakdjQ i;gmjd |=llaf,i js.@yflfrA'ukqIHhd jrog fm<fUkafka fndfydafldgu bJ|@Shm@SK

kfhka ,nkakdjQ fulSi;g Tiafia yUdhdu ksidh'ld,duiQ;@fhys js.@yjk mxpYS,m@;smodj bosrsm

;ajS we;af;a mqoa.,hd fuz wdldrfhka bJ|@Shm@SKkfhka ,nkakdjQ i;g jerosfohlanj fmkajdoS bka

tu jrolrkakd jroska ksjeroslrjd ksjeros i;g ,nkakdjQ wdldrh lshdoSugh'

i;rn@yaujsyrKfhkahq;j jdihlsrSu ksjeros i;g ,nd.ekSfuz l@ufjzohhs'uqZM uy;a f,dalh

i;rouqZM uy;a f,dalh i;rosYdjg fnod Wv yd hg osYd folo iys;j iosidfjys fjfikakdjQ

ySk"uOH yd uy;a iFjiuQyhd jsIfhhys ;ud ;ukag olajkakdla fukajQ wm@udKjQ us;@Fjhla"

ldreKsliajNdjhla"wkHiemf;ys i;gqjk iajNdjhla yd uOHia:;djhla hk lreKq i;r fjka

fjka jYfhka [email protected] mqoa.,hd fuf,dj ksjeros i;[email protected]'

1 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng ;s,skd jSrisxy l;sld ixjdo irKsh oskusK fikiqrdod tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 19 03 2005 17 msgqj

149 ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros

lr .ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh

lr .ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'



jHdma;jS we; f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska msysgs fjk;a

rglg CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we;'f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS jsYaj.uzud

khla njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh fuzksid f,dalh

yels,S w;snj we;efula mji;s'kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i Ndjs;d

fjkjd o hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we;'

TzkEu fohla mqZM,a jSu;a jHdma;sh;a iuZ. thg f.da,ShOkjdoS rduqfjka mrsndysrj yqol,d

tallhlaf,i lghq; lsrSfuz fkdyelshdjla we;sfjz'fuz ;;ajh u; iEu rglgu mdfya ;u rfgys

ixialD;sh ;j;a rgl ixialD;sh jsiska hg;a lr.ekSfuz ;rAckhlg uqyqK md isgshs'jsfYaIfhkau

wdrA:sl w;ska Yla;su;a tfukau n,j;a rgj,a tfia fkdue;s rgj,aj, ixialD;sh flfrA jsjsO wksis

n,mEuz lrkq olakg ;sfnz'fuu n,mEu f,dal nexlj yryd fukau jsjsO rdcH fkdjk ixjsOdk

yrydo is|=fjz'fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla yryd jqjo trfgys

ixilD;sh;, we;s jshyels fohls' th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq

,nkafka ta ta rfgys we;s wdKavqjsiska fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS

we;a;djQ n,j;a jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.ska jSuhss'





fkdflfrA nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka

ms<s.ekSu oDIaGs.@ykhla jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla nejsks'







oDIaGshlajk nejsks'

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq. ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

150 tfiau fuh fufiafmr lshd;sfnz hehs i,ld(b;slsrd;mQrAjl:kh Prologue/ Presuppose)1

hula i;H hehs ta Tiafia ks.ukhlg meusKSuo nq|=iuh ksjeros hehs ms<sfkd.kS'funZ|= lshuka

tlafld yrsjsh yelsh'ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros

jsoHd;aul l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;'fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk

oDIaGs.@yKhka f,ii,ld bj;,S ug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz'
















ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs'ffjrhhs'fl@daOps;a;hhs'iajrA..duS njg n@yau

jsyrKhg m;aflfrkafka is;;, fu;a;dj lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj jO!kh lsrSfuks'fuz wkqj

n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:hkays oafjzIh jO!khlsrSu uZ.ska iajrA..duSjknj n@yauiyjiH;djhg

muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel'th tfia ms<s.ekSu oDIaGsfhka w.;shg hdulanj









m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh ;rAlkl@ufjzoh

1 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu' ud msgl iuud msgl iuud msgl iuud msgl iuzmodfkakzmodfkakzmodfkakzmodfkak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq. ud ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;`

151kao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid tnZ|=


wkqu;fkdlrhs' tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu oDIaGs.@ykhla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'ta ksid ;drAlsl

nj jspdrmQrAjl Ndjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|=iuh fkdolska w;r tjeks




fjk;a TzkEu jsIhla jshyelsh'huzlsis jsIhla f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a fuu isoaOdka; u;h isoaOdka;


moaO;shhs jrA;udkfhys fuz wdldrfhka oekqu tl;jS kHdhhka iliajS w,q;a w,q;a jsIhhka mjd










ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka ks.ukj,g t<eUSu o nq|=iufhka m@;sfCI flfrA'mqoa., kdkd;ajh wkqj



lSjdfia ish,a,kagu fmd|=jk tlu ks.ukhlg meusKshyels hula fuz f,dj;, ;snsh fkd yel'fuz





m@ia;;hl ksrjoH;djh mrSCIdlsrSfuz tlu usKquzoKavfldg Ndjs;dlsrSu iq|=iq fkdjknj nq|=





1 tu' ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;` 2 tu.ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

152ikaksfjzokhka mdollrf.k CIKsl ks.ukj,g fkd<Ush hq; nj;a tfia t<fUkakdjQ

ks.uhka oDIaGSka jshyelsnj;a nq|=iuh fmkajdfokq ,nhs'




t<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs'iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs'i;HjQjlao



jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs'fuu ldrKh .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz'.rejrhdg

f.#rjl< hq;h'tfiau W.kajk foa meyeos,sj wid OdrKhlr tajd ms<smeo ;ukaf.a cSjs;g

tlalrf.k ;ukaf.a cSjs;h tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h'.rejrhd

f.a jpkh ms<sfkdmeo tujpkh i;Ho tfia ke;skuz wi;Hoehs ks.ukhlg t<Ush fkdyelsnejsks'

huzfyhlska tfia fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a m@.;sh bka fkd


yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul jrAOkhhs'kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo bka

m@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka

nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu

msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl< Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls'






w.;shg hdula(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects) f,ihs2 oDIaGs.@yKfhka f;drj mshjs

ukiska hqla;jSug kuz by; olajk,o lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs

fi#kaorAhh m@sh;dj(Beauty Inclinution)

fi#kaorAh iuznJOfhka jsjsO mqoa.,fhda fkdfhl;a ksrAjpk bosrsm;alrhs'bka lSmhla jsuid

nef,a' iqux., YnzofldaIfhys fi#kaorAh hkakg wre;olajd ;sfnkqfha iqkaor;ajhhs' fk;ais;a

.kakd ukyr hym;a .;shhs hkqfjks'

cS tia nS fiakdkdhl OHdkdf,dal jsjrKh kuz .@J:fhys fi#JorAhh hkq bJ|@shdkq Ndjfhka

,nkakdjQ hula ms<snZo fiduzkia iy.; w;aoelSuls' hkqfjka olajd we;' ohdfiak .Kisxy

fi#kaorAhhhkq iajNdjf,dalfhys wmQrAjjia;~kays we;s iqJorFjh ms<snZo yeZ.Suhhs iZoyka lrhs'

1 tu' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s 2 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

153

fuz yer ;j;ajsjsO ksrAjpk fuz iuznJOfhka bosrsm;al<yelsh mqoa.,hd ;ud wjg f,dalfhys

iajNdj mrsirhg wh;a ps;a;dlrAIKSh jia;~ka yd iajNdj jgmsgdj uq,alrf.k usksia isf;ys

m@fndaOhla we;slr .kS'tfiau l,dlD;shla oelSfuka fyda is; msjs;relrk woyila Y@jKh

lsrSfukao usksid;< msjs;re wdkJockl m@fndaOhla yg.kS' ta ish,a, fi#JorAhfhys ,d ie,lsh

yelsh'

ykag uSvz kuz mqoa.,hdf.a woyi mrsos l,dwdYajdofhys uQ,sl .Kdx. ;kla ;snshhq;fjz'

1 jsfjzlh – l,d wdYajdokh lrk wjia:dfjys wm tosfkod lghq;j,ska huz jsrduhla ,o hq;fjzz'

2 wkq;aiql nj yd wkqmdodk ixl,amh – mshlre foa w.hl<hq;af;a th w;am;a lr.ekSfuz

;DIaKdfjka fyda wdYdfjka f;drjh iqyo wdorKSh ye.uz we;;a ;DIaKd ud;airAhhka j.dlr

.; hq;ke; ,dNm@fhdack ,enSu iQrdlEu lSrA;sm@ixid ;dkakudkak jeksfoa .ek uol|= fkdis;d

m@S;shla yd ;Dma;shla ,nkakg iu;ajsh hq;h'

3 fm#oa.,slFjh wu;l lsrSu – fm#oa.,sl njska hq;j mjqixl,am j,skahqla; jQfjlnjg m;a

fkdjS l,d wdYajdokh l,hq;nj'

nq|=iufhys olajk l,dwdYajdokhg by;lSwoyia fnfyjskau iudknjfmfka'wx.;a;r ksldfha

fufia iZoykla we;' ‘kfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmamkfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmamkfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmamkfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmam rdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda ;sgzGJ;s ps;@dksrdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda ;sgzGJ;s ps;@dksrdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda ;sgzGJ;s ps;@dksrdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda ;sgzGJ;s ps;@dks

;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd jskhJ;s PjodjskhJ;s PjodjskhJ;s PjodjskhJ;s Pjod’fi#JohH!m@sh;dj iuznJOfhka uydpdhH! fcda;sh

OSrfialr(uydpdhH! Ouzu jsydrS ysus) jsh;dkkaf.a woyialSmhla fuySoSjsuidne,Su jeo.;ah' wkspzp

|=laL wkd;auhkafkka f,djwe;s ishZMufoa ;@s,CIKjYfhka i,lk yeZ.Su is;Su yd l@shdjhk

fuzjdhska flfiafj;;a wd.usliuzm@odh jYfhka fuzjd Wreufldgwe;s fn#oaOhkag f,dalfhys huz

fohlg fi#JorAhh .ek is;fhduq lrkakg wjia:djla,efnzoehs hk m@Yakh kefZ.a'

jspdrfhka f;drj thg tlt,af,au fok ms<s;rkuz fkd,efnzhkqfjks'‘|=lafL‘|=lafL‘|=lafL‘|=lafL f,dflaf,dflaf,dflaf,dfla m;sgzfGda’m;sgzfGda’m;sgzfGda’m;sgzfGda’

hkqfjka |=l uQ<sl mokula lr.kakd nq|=iuhjeks wd.ulska n,dfmdfrd;a;jsh yelafla fuz

iajNdjhhehs iuyre th idjOdkj ms<s.ks;s'tfy;a m@Yakh yd ms<s;r foi n,kjsg h:d ;;ajh

bkaneyernj fmfka'

cSjs;fha h:drA:h yd wd.usl oelSuzj, we;s kshu jgskdlu ksisf,i jgyd.ekSug W;aiy

fkdlsrSu ksid wo we;euzwh ;ukaf.a wd.u ksid cSjs;fha ;ukalrkakg leu;s fkdfhlafoag

bvlafkd,efnz' hk fpdaokdj wd.ug t,a,lrknj ryila fkdfjz'tnejska fuysoS wml<hq;af;a

nq|=oyug wkqj f,djwe;s fi#JorAhh foi fn#oaOhkag flfia ne,sh yelso hkak jsuiSuhs'

iuyre i,lk wkaoug f,djwe;s fidZ|=refoa ksid we;sjshyels wdmodjkaag nsfhka weia lkakdidoS

bZ|=rka wjysr lrf.k jk.;jSu wkjYHnj;a fmkajdosh hq;fjz th nqoaO foaYkdjka mokuz

lrf.ku is|=l< yelsh'

154 by;ska iZoykal<‘;f;a ldudks ps;;f;a ldudks ps;;f;a ldudks ps;;f;a ldudks ps;@dk@dk@dk@dks’hk foaYkdj jsuiSu jeo.;ah'f,dalfhys jsps;@jQ;a

huz rEmdoS wruqKq we;ao tajd ldufhda fkdfj;s'iajNdj jYfhka ixl,ams; rd.hu lduhhs'f,dfjz

jsis;renj tfiau mj;S'mKavs;fhda fuzwruqKfj; mj;akd rd.h |=relr;s'fuysoS wm m<uqfjkau

ie,ls,a,g Ndckh l<hq;af;a by;lS .d:dfjz olakg ,efnk lduhkaf.ka ,efnk wdYajdoh

w,amhhkakhs'

‘wmami‘wmami‘wmami‘wmamidod lduddod lduddod lduddod ldud’taksid we;sjk |=lalror fndfydah ,efnk iemhg jvd wOsl;rjQ |=rAjsmdl bka

we;s fjz' fuznj nq|=rcdKkajykafia w,.oa|+mu iQ;@fha uyd|=laLJO wdoS iQ;@j,;a ;j;a fndfyda

;ekaj,;a iZoykalr we;' tfiakuz nq|=oyu f,dalh bosrsfha ksferosj bosrsm;a lrkakg;a iaj,am ud;@

jYfhkaj;a ;u fn#oO cSjs;h ta wkqj yev.id .kakg;a leu;s wh jsiska fn#oaO orAYkfha fuz

uQ<sl moku f;areuz .; hq;h'

m<uqj f,dalh yev.id wk;rej mqoa.,hd ilialsrSfuz jHdmdrh fndfyda uyyZvska f.khoaoS

by; .d:dfjz wrA:h jsuiSu jeo.;ah'f,djwe;s fkdfhl;a jsis;re foa lduhka fkd.efka lduhkq

usksid ;uis; ;< ta ta foaj,a flfrys we;s lr.kakd wdidjfjhs' Z[dKj;a mqoa.,hd jsis;re f,dj

tfiau mj;soaoS ;ukaf.a wdidjka ixjr lr.kS'

lreKq fufia ;snshoS f,dalh;< jsYsIaG cSjs;hla f.khdug uSgjvd ksoyila wfmaCIdl<

yelsh'huzlsis mrudrA:hla n,dfmdfrd;a;fjka ia:sryeZ.Suzud,djlg wkqj cSjs;h yev.iajd.ekSu

fm#oa.,sl ksoyi mrs;Hd.lsrSula yegshg hful jsiska ie,flakuz neuzfuka us|=kq .jhdf.a ksoyi

fuka ta fm#oa.,sl ksoyi ,ensh hq;af;a mrudrA:h mrs;Hd.lsrSfuks'hfulg fn#oaOcSjs;fha

ksoyi .ekielhla fjzkuz ta fpdaokdj keZ.shhq;af;a nq|=oyfuz jQ uQ<Ou!hkays i;Hdi;H;dj

foigh'f,dalfhys we;s weia lka kdidoS mskjkfoaj,ska i;gla fkd,efnzhehs nq|=oyfuz kQ.kajhs

ldujia;~kaf.ka lsishuzwdYajdohla ,efnknj nq|=rcdKkajykafia uyd |=laLJO iQ;@fha

fufiajod<y'

‘fldp NslaLfjz ldudkx wiaidfoda mxpsfuz NslaLfjz ldfuz.`Kd plaLqjsZ[afZ[hHrEmd bgzGd ldka;d fldp NslaLfjz ldudkx wiaidfoda mxpsfuz NslaLfjz ldfuz.`Kd plaLqjsZ[afZ[hHrEmd bgzGd ldka;d fldp NslaLfjz ldudkx wiaidfoda mxpsfuz NslaLfjz ldfuz.`Kd plaLqjsZ[afZ[hHrEmd bgzGd ldka;d fldp NslaLfjz ldudkx wiaidfoda mxpsfuz NslaLfjz ldfuz.`Kd plaLqjsZ[afZ[hHrEmd bgzGd ldka;d

ukdmd mshrEmd lduQmixys;d wwckShx hxfLda NslaLfjz bfuzmxpldfuz .`fK mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx ukdmd mshrEmd lduQmixys;d wwckShx hxfLda NslaLfjz bfuzmxpldfuz .`fK mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx ukdmd mshrEmd lduQmixys;d wwckShx hxfLda NslaLfjz bfuzmxpldfuz .`fK mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx ukdmd mshrEmd lduQmixys;d wwckShx hxfLda NslaLfjz bfuzmxpldfuz .`fK mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx

fidaukiaix whx ldudkx wiaidfoda’fidaukiaix whx ldudkx wiaidfoda’fidaukiaix whx ldudkx wiaidfoda’fidaukiaix whx ldudkx wiaidfoda’

lduhkays wdiajdoh lulao$mxpldu .Khka weiqfrka huz ielhla fyda fiduzkila WmoSkuz th

lduhka f.a wdYajdohhs' fuz iuZ.u Wkajykafia jodrd we;af;a bka,efnk fuz ridiajdoh m@udK

jYfhka iaj,amud;@ nj;a ukdyeZ.Sfuka f;drj luziem jsZoSug msjsisl,ays bka cks;jsh yels

|=rAjsmdl wOsl;r nj;ah'

ixidrh yd iiZodn,d fuf,dj cSjs;fhawe;s w,am;dj;a kshu iajNdjh;a f;areuz .ekSug

W;aiy fkd.kakd mqoa.,hdg luziemjsZoSfuz mrf;rla fkdfmfka'‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ldfuziq‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ldfuziq‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ldfuziq‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ldfuziq

jscAc;s’jscAc;s’jscAc;s’jscAc;s’ hkqfjka lyjkq jeisjeiai;a lduhkays we;sjSulake;snj lshhs' f,djwe;s i;gf.kfok

jia;~kays neZoSu msKsi m@udojkmqoa.,hd iirska fkdusfoahkq fn#oaO woyihs'

155

fuz wkqj f,dalh foi n,kjsg ;ukag m@;HCIZ{dkh fkdue;sjqjo nq|=oyugwkqj is;kakg

iQodkuzjSu fn#oaOhkaf.a hq;lula jshhq;fjz'usksiqkaf.a jsYajdihka yd l@shdlsrSuz w;r mr;rh

ke;s lrk f;la usksiqkaf.a fm#oa.,sl fyda idudcsl ksoyila we;sfkdfjz'f,#lsl ridiajdoh

fi#JorAhhm@sh;dj iuznJOfhkao fuz ;;ajh jgydf.k l@shdl< hq;h'wkspzp iajNdjh fufkys

lr;au mshWreufhka u wm@shjQ foa;a fjkiajk iajNdjh Wreufldg we;snj f;areuzhhs tjsg

f,daNhg;a oafjzIhg;a bvla ke;'

m@shjQ foaj,ska ,enshyels jsJokho fjkiajshyelsnj jegyShdhq;h wm@shjQfoh .ek we;sjk

oafjzIho fufiauhs'fuz yeZ.Suz ks;r ks;r jO!kh lrhskuz m@shjia; iuznJOfhka we;sjkakdjQ yeZ.Suz

j, ukd ilia jSula is|=jkafkah'ta jia;ms<snZoj neZoSula fkdjknjgo ta fmr,sh yelsjkafkah' m@sh

jia;fjzo fkdneZoS tys rihjQ fi#JorAhh fuzhehs jsuis,af,ka Nla;sjsZoshyels jkafkah'

iqJor jia;j jsIfhys neZosrd.fhka m@udojSu ridiajdofhys wjYHu wx.hla fkdfjz'tfukau

wkspzp iajNdjh n,mdk ;ek ridiajdolhd |=lgo foduzkigo meusfKkafkah'js,laueo msmS we;s

fkZMu lvd ;ud i; fldg fkdf.k tys wisrsh jsZoSug ms<sjkajsh hq;h'tnZ|=;ekg uki ilialr

.ekSuhs'fi#JorAhh m@sh;djfha oY!kh jshhq;af;a fm#oa.,sl ;DIaKdj tlw;lska turidiajdoh

ls,sgslrkakls' tuksid ;DIaKdfjka hqla;j uuh udf.ahhk oevsl,amkdfjkahqla;j isgskafklg

kshujYfhka fi#JohH! wdYajdokh l<fkdyelsh'fi#JohH!m@sh;dj idrOu!hla jYfhka .sKsh

yelaflao fuz oY!kfhka l@shdl<fyd;a muKs'

kshudldrfhka fi#kaorAhfhys pu;aldrh w;ajsZoshyelafla uuFjfhka f;drjQis;lska nejz by;

oelajsKs' i;rn@yaujsyrKfhka hqla;jQ mqoa.,hdu ksjerosjQ ps;a; iekiSu Wodlr.kshs' YS,fhka

iukajs;jkakdjQ mqoa.,hd ksr;rej tlZ.jQ is;ska iudOshNckh lrkafkah'YS,h;a i;rn@yau

jsyrKh;a isf;a we;slrkakdjQ ps;a; iudOsh ksid h:drA:h jsksjsoolskakdjQ m@Z{dj ,enSug yel'

f,dj h:drA:h olskakdjQ is;l uuFjh ;kSjS hhs'

m@Z{dj ,enSug ;ruz .eUqrg is; mqyqKql< yelafla isf;ys jsjD;Ndjh rZojdf.k lghq; l<

fyd;a muKs'huzhuz foaflfrys ;oska t<aUf.k lghq;fkdlsrSu udkisl jsjD;Ndjfha ,CIKh

fjz'tfia t<aUf.k lghq;lrkafka is; uuFjfhka msrSwe;sksidh'fuzishZMu lreKq ldrKdj,g

fya;j YS,fhka yd iudOsfhka ,enkakdjQ ps;a;iykh"ps;a;uD|=Ndjh"ps;a;lrAukH iajNdjh

is;g fkd,enSuhs'


lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska

[email protected] je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

156 huzlsis lrekla wkqY@jfhka(Report)1 wd muKska th i;Hhehs ksjeroshehs ks.ukhlg

t<USu fi#kaorAhd;aul m@sh;djfhka ySkjQ fohla jYfhka nq|=iufha ioykafjz.wo jkjsg ckudOH

l,dj b;du mqZM,a wdldrfhka jHdma;jS we;.f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg

|=rneyerska msysgs fjk;a rgl g CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we; f,dalh

f.da,ShlrKh jS jsYaj.uzudkhla njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a

mqZM,anj ksiduh.fuzksid f,dalh yels,S w;snj we;efula mji;s'kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq

;ruska th ksjeros f,i Ndjs;dfjkjd o hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg

fmr,S we;'TzkEu fohla mqZM,ajSu;a jHdma;s h;a iuZ. thg f.da,ShOkjdoS rduqfjka mrsndysrj

yqol,d tallhlaf,i lghq;lsrSfuz fkdyelshdjla we;sfjz.fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh

fyda lukjsIh m:hla ;, we;s jshyels fohls. th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh

md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta ta rfgys we;s wdKavq jsiska fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug

jO!khjS we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.sks.


jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.ska is|=lrkq ,nhs.ta ;ukag yd ;ukaf.a u;jdouh mrsirh f.dvkef.k

mrsos;a jHdmdrsl lghq; hf:dala; jmirsh;, Wmrsu Wmfhda.S;djfhka bgqlr.; yelsmrsos;ah.

fuz ksid ;ukag wjYH u;h f,dalhmqrd jHdma;lr yrskqjskd ksjeros foa flfrys ;elSula fkd

flfrA.nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka ms<s.ekSu

fi#kaorAhh m@sh;djfhka ySk jQjla jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla nejsks.


ms<sf.k l@shdlsrSuo nq|=iuh fi#kaorAhd;aul mCIfhka ySkjQ fohla f,i i,lhs.tfiau th

bj;,Sugo Wmfoia imhd ;sfnz. mrmqrska meusfkk foa ksjeros jSugo mqZMjk.tfia fkdjSugo

mqZMjk.we;euzg mrmqrska meusfkk foh ksjerosjSfuz iuzNdjs;djg jvd ksjeros fkdjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj

jevsjkakgo mqZMjk. flfiajqjo mrmqrska mej;Su taldka; i;Hlehs .ekSfuys lsishuz |=rAj,;djhla

mj;sknj fuz wkqj jegyShhs.tfiau tfia ie,lSu ksjeros fi#kaorAhh fkdjknjo fmfka'

i;Hfhka f;dr;;ajhla i;Hhehs ms<s.ekqu lsisfia;a fi#kaorAhd;aul .Kfhka hq;jQjla fkdjk

nejsks.ksrka;rfhkau fi#kaorAhh /ZoS we;af;a i;Hh iuZ.h'



yrsjsh yelsh'ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros jsoHd;aul

l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;. fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk fi#kaorAh

.Kfhka jsrys; jQjla f,i i,ld bj;,S ug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz.

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh

157



wkqu; fkdlrhs.tnZ|= ks.ukj,g t<USu i;H;djfha fi#kaorAhuh .Khg tfrysj hdula

yegshg nq|=iuh yZ|=kajdoS we;. lsishuz wd.ula ms,snZoj kuz tu wd.ug wh;a iduzm@odhsl .@F:j,ska

ms<snsUqjkafka tu wd.fuz ft;sydisl jsldYhhs.TzkEu wd.ula .;al< i;Hh thhs iduzm@odhsl

.@J:j,g jeZ|=uz msZ|+uz lruska bkakjdg jvd tajdfhys ;sfnkakdjQ foa jspdr mQrAjlj lshjd tajd

ms<snZoj mQrAjks.ukj,g t<USfuka f;drj ms<smeo ;udu m@;HCIlr.ekSug W;aiy l<hq;nj

fuhska ksrAfoaYjk ldrKhhs. tjsg huzlsis wd.usl .@F:hlska olajd ;sfnkakdjQ iuzmQrAK wd.usl

ksIaGdjg t<USug lsishuz ;eke;af;lg wmyiqjqj;a ;uka ms<smeoaodjQ ljrfyda ksrAfoaYhlska

;udf.a cSjs;hg huz muK fyda wdf,dalhla we;sjsks.kuz tu lreKu idOlfldgf.k tys

ksrAfoaYflrS we;s wfkla lreKqo fuz wkqj ksjeros fj;ehs hk ks.ukhg t<USug TzkEu flfklg

yelshdj we;.


f,i ,efnzkuz tnZ|= ksrAfoaYhka wi;H yd fi#kaorAhh .Kfhka jsrys; jQjla f,i i,ld bj;

,Sug iq|=iqh.n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:j, oelafjkafka iFJ>d;kh lris|=flfrk hd.h uZ.ska flfkl`

iajrA..duS njg n@yau iyjiH;djhg m;a lrknjhs kuq;a i;HjYfhkau ienEj jkdyS >d;k

l@shdj,sh uZ.ska ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs ffjrhhs fl@daOps;a;hhs. iajrA.

.duS njg n@yaujsyrKhg m;aflfrkafka is;;, fu;a;dj lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj jO!kh

lsrSfuks.fuz wkqj n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:hkays oafjzIh jO!khlsrSu uZ.ska iajrA..duSjknj n@yauiy

jiH;djhg muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel. th tfia ms<s.ekSu fi#kaorAhh

.Kfhka msrSyS hdulanj ms<sf.k ;sfnkqfha fulS oafjzI iy.;nj ;< flf,ilkuz iqkaor

is;sjs,s ckkh jkjdo hk ixorANh lrKfldgf.kh.








m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh ;rAlkl@u

fjzohkao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid tnZ|=


wkqu; fkdlrhs'tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu ps;a; fi#kaorAhfhka msrsySula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'ta

1 tu' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;ùd ;lalya;`

158ksid ;drAlslnj jspdrmQrAjlNdjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|=iuh

fkdolsk w;r tjeks ;drAlsl mokula iys; jsOsl@uhla uZ.ska i;HdjfndaOh lrd <Z.djSu iy

uq,qukskau tau; mokuzjSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'





nsysj we;'udkj jsoHdj tf,i nsysj we;s kjjsIhls'iudchSh jsoHdjkaf.ka ld,dka;rhla ;siafia






fya;jlska th ksrjoH;djh m@udKhlsrSfuys,d tlu i;Hf,i Wmfhda.Slr.ekSu ps;a;

fi#kaorAhfhka msrSySula hdug miqnsu ilia lsrSula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'


ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka ks.ukj,g t<eUSu o nq|=iufhka m@;sfCIm flfrA'mqoa., kdkd;ajh

wkqj ixZ{dkdkd;a jho ixZ{d kdkd;ajh wkqj pska;k kdkd;ajho we;sfjz tfia fyhska tla

wfhlg f.daprjk fohu ;j;a flfklg wf.daprjk foaf,i fmfka'flfklg ri ;j flfklg

ji hehs lSjdfia ish,a,kagu fmd|=jk tlu ks.ukhlg meusKshyels hula fuz f,dj;, ;snsh

fkdyel'fuz ;;ajh hgf;a tlawfhlf.a lSm fofklf.a fyda nyq;rhlf.a fm#oa.,sl repslFjhka

mdollrf.k th tlu usKquzoKavfldg i,ld huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj ksjeros jsoHd;aul

js.@ylg t<Ush yelsfkdfjz'tfia t<fUkjdkuz th pska;k fi#kaorAhfhka msrsyS hdula f,i

nq|=iuh i,lhs'



nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'lsishuz fohla weiska |=gqj;a lKska weiqj;a is;ska is;j;a ksYaps;j ;yjqre

lrf.k usi ks.ukj,g fkdt<Ush hq;nj idudkH jHjydrfhao oelafjz'tfiajkafka iuyrjsg




fi#kaorAhh m@sh is;sjs,s fkdjshyelsnj;a nq|=iuh fmkajdfokq ,nhs'

1 tu'' 337-343 msgq' ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;` 2 tu' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

159 ;u .rejrhdu wdpdrAhjrhdu Ydia;Djrhdu muKla tlum@udKh jYfhka

i<ldf.k (iufKda fkd .rE Cousultations of Preceptor)1 Wkajykafiaf.a jpkhu muKla tlu

wdma; jpkhfldg i,ldf.k th mdollrf.k huzhuz ks.ukj,g ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka

fkd t<Ushhq;nj tfia ks.ukj,g t<TSu wiqkaor jQjla jk nejsks nq|=iuh olajhs iuyrjsg

.rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs'i;HjQjlao jshyelshs'i;HjQj;a ke;;a .rejrhd

flfrys jqj;a wkaOf,i yd wuQ<sl ioaOd uQ<ldrfhka jsYajdih fkd;nd lsishuz m@ia;;hla i;H

fj;ao fkdfj;aoehs ;ukau th ms<smeo meyeos,sf,i jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs'fuu ldrKh

.ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz'.rejrhdg ieuod f.#rjl< hq;h'th W;uz l@shdjls'tfiau


tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h';udf.a wkd.; cSjs;h w;sYhskau

fi#kaorAhh m@sh;djhlska .;lrkq leue;s YsIHhd jsiska wksjdrAhfhkau .re f.#rjh wdrCIdl<

hq;h'


fkdyelsnejsks'huzfyhlska tfia fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;ska is;is;d isgshdg

YsIHhdf.a m@.;sh bka fkdie,fik nejska nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrkafka yq|=Nla;shg jvd |=r.shdjQ

wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@.;sh yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul jrAOkhhs'kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhd

f.a jpkh ms<smeo bka ksiswhqrska fi#kaorAhd;aul m@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys

nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d yZvdfodZvd je,mSug

fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl< Ouzudrdu NsCIqj

wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls'





;djh jsksYaphlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekau nq|=iuh olajkafka kshu

fi#kaorAhdiajdoh jsZo .ekqug ;ruz udkisl jsfjzlSnj fkdue;s oDV;r oDIags .@yKhka(osgzGs

kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects) f,ihs'2 oDIaGs.@yKfhka f;drj mshjs ukiska hqla;jSug

yd ksis whqre udkisl fi#kaorAhh jsZo .ekSug kuz by; olajk,o lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj

nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys wka;rA.;jk b.ekajSuz by;lS ps;aa;Ydka;sh Wodlr.ekSug mqoa.,hdg b;du;a

jsYd, w;aje,la imhhs'tfukau mqoa.,.; osjsh fukau mqoa.,hdf.a iudc.; cSjs;ho

ieye,a,qfjka .;lsrSu msKsi wjYHjkakdjQ ishZMu ldrKd tys wvx.fjz'fuu b.ekajSuz l@shd;aul

lsrSu uZ.ska ksrdhdifhkau fi#kaorAfhys ,d b;dmsjs;rejQ ridiajdohla jsZoskakdjQ mqoa.,fhla

1 tu' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 'ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

160tauZ.ska nsysfjz'f:r.d:d yd f:arS.d:d md,sfhys fuz whqrska uuFjh |=rel<djQ js;rd.S uyry;a

f;rf;rKsjre jsJodjQ fi#kaorAhh ridiajdoh rij;a ldjHixl,amkd f,iska igykaj ;sfnz'

iqkuH nj(Sanatorium)

oroZvq f.dfrdaiqnjska f;drjSu wjk;jSu ksy;udkSnj fjkiajSug yd fjkialr.ekSug wjldY

we;snj jeksf;areuz fuz iZoyd oS;sfnz'nq|=oyu;a fn#oaO ixialD;sh;a iuznJOfhka n,kjsg fuz

,CIKh ta;< oelsh yelsh' nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a prs;h wOHhkh lrkafklg Wkajykafia;`<

kuHYS,Snj [email protected];Fjhg m;ajQ wdldrh uekjska f;areuz .; yelsfjz'nq|=r|=ka ;ukajykafiaf.a

Ou!h wkq.ukhlsrSu iZoyd Wkajykafiafj;g meusKs NsCIq NsCIqKS Wmdil Wmdisld hkisjqjkla

msrsi huzhuz kS;srS;s we;sfldg md,khl<hq;h hkwoyila we;slr fkd.ekSuu kuHYS,snfjz

,CIKhls'

isjqmsrsigu nq|=iiqfka iudk wjia:d ,enS;snqKs'tfy;a iudc;Fjhwkqj NsCIQkajykafia m@uqL

fmf,a lemSfmfkk msrsila yegshg iudch;< lghq;l<y'Wkajykafia,djqjo md,kh l<hq;h

hkwoyila we;slr.;af;a ke;'tfy;a NsCIq cSjs;fha mrudrA:h uia;lm@dma;lr.ekSug wgYHjk

wkaouska ta ta wjia:dj,oS Woa.;jQ fya;uq,alrf.k jskh YsCIdjka mekjQy'tu YsCIdjka meKjSfuz

jqjohuzlsis jrola is|=lsrSug fmrd;j kS;smoaO;shla yod ta;, Tjqka isrlr ;enSug Wkajykafia

woyialf,a ke;'fuhska meyeos,sjkafka Wkajykafif.a m@cd;ka;@jdoS iajrEmh;a udkj ksoyi;a

w;sYhska w.hlsrSu;ah'


.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKhlr

.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'fuf,i ;oska oevsj hula .ekSfuka je<lSu ;< isf;ys

iqkuHnj fyj;a kuHYS,snj wdrCIdfjz iuyre jshm;ajQ l< Ydia;@Sh mCIfhka W#K;duhla

we;sjk nj mjikafka jshm;a jSu;a iuZ.u mdfya TzkEu flfkl Bg wkq.;ju ,nkakdjQ iudcSh

w;aoelSuz iuZ.u ukfiys huz oroZvq nfjla ke;fydka wlrAuKH iajNdjhla olakg ,efnk

nejsks'fuz iajNdjh ueZv meje;ajSug kuz m<uqfldgu fuu udkisl iajNdjh uekjska yZ|=kd f.k

uki uD|=lrjSu msKsi i;r n@yau jsyrK Ndjkdjla jevsh hq;h' fuz uZ.ska is|= lrkafka fu;a

ldreKsl isksjs,s uZ.ska ukfiys rECI oroZvq iajNdjh ,sys,a fldg ukfiys uD|= kuHYS<S

iajNdjhla we;s lsrSuhs'



jHdma;jS we;'f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska msysgs fjk;a rglg

CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we;'f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS jsYaj.uzudkhla

njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh'fuzksid f,dalh yels,S

w;snj we;efula mji;s'kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i Ndjs;dfjkjd o

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

161hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we;' TzkEu fohla mqZM,ajSu;a

jHdma;sh;a iuZ. thg f.da,ShOkjdoS rduqfjka mrsndysrj yqol,d tallhlaf,i lghq;lsrSfuz

fkdyelshdjla we;sfjz'fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla ;, we;s jshyels

fohls' th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta ta rfgys we;s

wdKavqjsiska fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.sks'





fkdflfrA' nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka

ms<s.ekSu udkisl iqkuH;djh |=relrjkakla jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr

jQjla nejsks'







udkisl iqkuHnj |=relrjkakla jk nejsks'



yrsjsh yelsh' ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh'wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros jsoHd;aul

l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;'fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk udkisl iqkuH nj

|=relrjkakdjQ fohla f,i i,ld bj;,S ug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz'



wkqu; fkdlrhs'tnZ|= ks.ukj,g t<USu ukfiys iqkuHnj |=relrkakdjQ fohla yegshg nq|=iuh

yZ|=kajdoS we;'lsishuz wd.ula ms,snZoj kuz tu wd.ug wh;a iduzm@odhsl .@F:j,ska ms<snsUqjkafka tu

wd.fuz ft;sydisl jsldYhhs'TzkEu wd.ula .;al< i;Hh thhs'iduzm@odhsl .@F: fmd;a w,audrsj,

nyd h;re ,d ;ndf.k tlS .@J:j,g u,a myka iqjZo |=uz mqouska jeZ|=uz msZ|+uz lruska muKlau

kshe,S bkakjdg jvd tajdfhys ;sfnkakdjQ foa jspdr mQrAjlj lshjd tajd ms<snZoj mQrAjks.ukj,g

t<USfuka f;drj ms<smeo ;udu m@;HCIlr.ekSug W;aiy l<hq;nj fuhska ksrAfoaYjk ldrK

1 tu' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

162hhs'tjsg huzlsis wd.usl .@F:hlska olajd ;sfnkakdjQ iuzmQrAK wd.usl ksIaGdjg t<USug

lsishuz ;eke;af;lg wmyiqjqj;a ;uka ms<smeoaodjQ ljrfyda ksrAfoaYhlska ;udf.a cSjs;hg huz

muK fyda wdf,dalhla we;sjsks kuz tu lreKu idOlfldg f.k tys ksrAfoaYflrS we;s wfkla

lreKqo fuz wkqj ksjeros fj;ehs hk ks.ukhg t<USug TzkEu flfklg yelshdj we;'


f,i ,efnzkuz tnZ|= ksrAfoaYhka wi;H yd ukfiys iqkuHnj |=relrkakdjQ fohla f,i i,ld

bj;,Sug iq|=iqh'n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:j, oelafjkafka iFJ>d;kh lris|=flfrk hd.h uZ.ska

flfkl iajrA..duS njg n@yau iyjiH;djhg m;a lrknjhs'kuq;a i;HjYfhkau ienEj jkdyS

>d;k l@shdj,sh uZ.ska ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs'ffjrhhs'fl@daOps;a;hhs'

iajrA..duS njg n@yaujsyrKhg m;aflfrkafka is;;, fu;a;dj lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj

jO!kh lsrSfuks'fuz wkqj n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:hkays oafjzIh jO!khlsrSu uZ.ska iajrA..duSjk nj

n@yauiyjiH;djhg muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel'th tfia ms<s.ekSu ukfiys

iqkuHnj |=relrkakdjQ fohla w.;shg hdulanj ms<sf.k ;sfnfha fulS ixorANh lrKfldg

f.kh'

;drAlsl l@shdj,sho(;lal fya; Logical Implication)1 hul i;Hwi;H;djh flfrys ;SrKd

;aul n,mEula t,a,fkdl< yels ixorANhlanejska ;rAlkh jsYaphlsrSfuys usKquzokavla jYfhka

Ndjs;dlsrSu nq|=iuh fkdms<s.kshs'taksid wod< m@ia;;fhys uQ<sl mokug fkd.e<fmk yd tfrysj

hkakdjQ jsoH;aul [email protected] yd Ydia;@Sh [email protected] neyerjkakdjQ ks.duS yd Woa.duS

jeks oajsfldgsl ia;rhkaf.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj yd m@;scdkkd;aulnj muKla

fy,sflfrk ngysr wersiafgdag,shdkq ;rAlkl@ufjzoh yd ;@sfldagsl p;iafldagsl ia;rhkaf.ka

wod< m@ia;;fhys oajsfldagslnjjk m@;sfYaOkd;a ulnj yd m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj blaujd m@ia;;h

ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh ;rAlkl@ufjzohkao

lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid tnZ|= iSudiys;

js.@yhla uZ.ska wod<m@ia;;h ms<snZo irAjiuzmQrAK ks.ukhlg meusKSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu ukfiys iqkuHnj |=relrkakdjQ fohla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'ta ksid

;drAlsl nj jspdrmQrAjlNdjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|=iuh fkdolsk w;r

tjeks ;drAlsl mokula iys; jsOsl@uhla uZ.ska i;HdjfndaOh lrd <Z.djSu iy uq,qukskau tau;

mokuzjSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'

kHdh (khfya; Nomological Implication)2 lsishuz jsIhl isoaOdka;hs'tu jsIh wd.ula fyda

fjk;a TzkEu jsIhla jshyelsh huzlsis jsIhla f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a fuu isoaOdka; u;h'isoaOdka;





1 tu' ud ;lalya;ud ;lalya;ud ;lalya;ud ;lalya; 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 'ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;`


jkakg uq,a kHhdhka l@udkQl~,j ixialrKhjSug ,lajSuhs'jrskajr ixialrKhjSug ,lajkjd hkq

fjkia jSug ,lajkjd hkakhs'tuksid fuz whqrska jrska jr fjkiajkakd jQ kHdhhka lsishuz

m@ia;;hl ksrjoH;djh jsksYaph lsrSfuys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekSu nq|=iuh

m@;sfCIamlrhs'huzlsis fya;jlska th ksrjoH;djh m@udKhlsrSfuys,d tlu i;Hf,i

Wmfhda.Slr.ekSu ukfiys iqkuHnj |=relsrSula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'










m@ia;;hl ksrjoH;djh mrSCIdlsrSfuz tlu usKquzoKavfldg Ndjs;dlsrSu iq|=iq fkdjknj

nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'lsishuz fohla weiska |=gqj;a lKska weiqj;a is;ska is;j;a ksYaps;j ;yjqre

lrf.k usi ks.ukj,g fkdt<Ush hq;nj idudkH jHjydrfhao oelafjz'tfiajkafka iuyrjsg





;u .rejrhdu wdpdrAhjrhdu Ydia;Djrhdu muKla tlum@udKh jYfhka i<ld f.k

(iufKda fkd .rE Cousultations of Preceptor)3 Wkajykafiaf.a jpkhu muKla tlu


fkdt<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs'iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs'i;HjQjlao



jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs'fuz ldrKh ukfiys iqkuHnj we;slrjkakdjQ l@ufjzohla f,i

meyos,s fldg oS we;'

fuu ldrKh .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz'.rejrhdg f.#rjl< hq;h tfiau


1 tu' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s

164tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h'.rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<sfkdmeo tu

jpkh i;Ho tfia ke;skuz wi;Hoehs ks.ukhlg t<Ush fkdyelsnejsks'huzfyhlska tfia fkdlr

yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a m@.;sh bka fkdie,fik nejska nq|=iuh

wjOdrKh lrkafka yq|=Nla;shg jvd |=r.shdjQ wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@.;sh yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul

jrAOkhhs'kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo bkam@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj

uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d

yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl<

Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls'

fiiq lreKq kjfh (9)ka tkuz wkqY@jh(Report)"mruzmrdj(Tradition)"b;slsrdh(Proloue)"

msgl iuzm@odh(Given in the Scripture)";lalfya;(Logical Implication)"khfya;(Nomological

Implication)"wdldr mrsjs;rAlh(Diversification of Thought)"NjH;djh(Potentiatity) yd


;djh jsksYaphlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekau nq|=iuh olajkafka ukfiys

iqkuHnj |=relrkakdjQ oDIaGsfhka w.;shg hdula(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Coincide the Aspects)

f,ihs'1 ukfiys iqkuHnj we;s mshjs ukiska hqla;jSug kuz by; olajk,o lreKqj,ska

f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'

funZ|= ,CIK w.hl< yelafla oroZvqnfjka f;drj yd kefukiqZM iajNdjfhka hqla;flfklg

muKs'huz huz wjia:dj,oS jskh YsCIdmo meKjqj;a tu meKjQ kS;sh NsCIqkajykafiaf.a fyda uy

ck;djf.a b,a,Suz j,g .relruska fjkial< wjia:d we;'WodyrKjYfhka mdjykame<ZoSu ms<snZo

kS;sh iakdkhms<snZo kS;sh .KfNdacl YsCIdmoh ms<snZo kS;sh bosrsm;al< yelsh' fuzjdhska

fmfkkafka Wkajykafiaf.a kuHYS,S iajNdjhhs' ta jf.au jskfha we;s kuHYS,Snjhs'

we;euzYsCIdmo meKjSfuzoS ffckhskaf.awoyiaj,gm@uqL;djhoS l@shdfldgwe;'NsCIQkajykafiag

jiajsiSug ksfhda.lsrSu .iafld<kawdosh lemSug ;ykuzlsrSu jeksoE bosrsm;al< yelsh'fuzyer

msrsksjkamEug wdikakjisg wdkkao ysushka wu;d YsCIdmofjkialr .ekSug (ix>hdleu;skuz)

bvlv ,ndfouska l< m@ldYho w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'lvd wkqlvd YsCIdmo ljfrAoehs ;SrKhlr

.ekSug tod .egZMjlaj ;snqk;a nqoaO idikh jHdma;jSfuzoS ta ta rgj, Woa.;jk mdrirsl yd

foaY.Ksl yd ixialD;slidOl yuqfjzoS ta ta rg,g jvskdNsCIQkag f,daljoH m@Z{ma;s fjkia

fkdfldg m@Z{ma;sjoH m@Z{ma;s fjkialr.ekSug wjldYhla ,enSu"jsjsOrgj, nq|=iuh jHdma;

lsrSug NsCIQka fm<UjSug fya;jla jkakgwe;'uydpdhH! kcsfuz kluqrd uy;d iZoykalrk wkaoug

f,dalfha jsjsO rgj,g me;srS.sh nq|=iuh ta ta rgj, ck;djg lsisu ysrsyerhla fkdjk wdldrfh

ka jHdma;lsrSug yelsjQfha;a jHdma;jS .sfha;a fuz kuHYS,Snj ksidnj iZoykalrhs'

ld,du iQ;@fhka bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ oijeoEreuz wka;jdohka m@;sfCIamho uZ.ska fmkakquz

lrkafka nq|=iuhi; kuHYS,siajNdjhhs'tuldrKh nq|=iufha flaJ|@Sh uQ<OrAuh f,iskao yZ|=kajd

1 tu' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

165oshyelsh'tays miaisl .Khkuzjk Ou!fhys .enzjk fuu uQ<OrAuh ;,ska fmkajdfokafka

lsishuzu fyda fN#;sl fyda fN#;sl fkdjk fohla uQ<dOdrlr fkdf.k"lsis|= u;jdohla oevsf,i

wOdk.@d ySj ms<sfkdf.k i;Holskafka flfiao"i;H yZ|=kd.kafka flfiao hkakhs'fuzksidu Ou!h

iajdlaLd; fyj;a ukdj foaYkdfldg we;a;lanj ms<s.efka'

iajpzPJo;dj (Freedom of the Will / Free will )

usksidjsiska wdpdrjsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;a l@shdjla lrkq,enQl< tajd yrsjeros hym;a

whym;a msxmjq li,a wli,a wdoS jYfhka huz weZ.hSulg md;@lsrSu t;ruz |=Ialr fkdjkakg

mqZMjk'tfy;a Tyqf.atu l@shdj ms<snZo j.lSu mejfrkafka ldgo hk m@Yakh t;ruzu ir,j

jsiZoshyelalla fkdfjz'tu l@shdjis|=lsrSfuys,d jsjsO ndysr idOlhka Tyqg n,mE m@udKh idOdrK

;Srlfhljsiska tysoS .Kka ne,sshhq;fjz'huzfyhlska tjeks ndysridOl tllafyda lsysmhla jsiska

th uqZMukskau ;SrKhfldg l@shdjg kZ.k,oafoakuz yd Tyq yqfola tun,fjz.hkaf.a

w;fld,qjlanjg md;@jQfhakuz tu l@shdfjz j.lSu Tyq fj;mejrSu fkdl< hq;a;ls'

foajksu!dKjdoS wd.usl ,shjs,sj,ska lshefjkafka usksid is|=lrk ishZMl@shdjka f,dalhujd

md,khlrk ij!n,OdrS fojshkajykafiajsiska mQrAjksYaps;tajdnjhs'th tfiakuz usksidjsiska

lrkq,nkakdjQ hym;a fyda whym;a iEul@shdjla ms<snZo ju j.lSula mejrshhq;af;a ish wOsIaGdkh

l@shdfjys fhdojkqiZoyd usksid w; fldZMjlalr.;a fojshkajykafiag usi usksidg fkdfjz'

fuhska .uHflfrk wfklaldrKhkuz jsl,amlsysmhlaw;frka ;udjevsleu;s l@shdjla f;dard

f.k th l@shd;aullsrSfuz ksoyi h:drA:jYfhkau usksidyg ke;af;a wehso hkakhs'fuh tla;rd

wkaoulska ksh;shls' nq|=rcdkkajykafia fuu BYajrksu!dKjdoh bj;ou;s'fojshkajykafia usksid

jsZosk ishZM iem|=layd fydZo krll@shdjkao ;SrKhlrhskuz usksidhkq fojshkaf.a wK bgq lrkq

,nk rElvhla muKla jk ;Fjh hgf;a usksidlrk ishZM [email protected] jsmdlmejfrkafka fojshka

jykafiafj; fkdfjzoehs uydfndaOs cd;lh m@Yaklrhs'

‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp

luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’

usksid lrkl@shdjka Tyqf.a mQj!lu!hkauZ.ska ksYaps;ju mj;Shkq Ou!ksh;sjdohhs fuz b.ekajSu

ffck oyug wh;a jQtlls uyd ;sF:dh;k iQ;@fhaoS‘hx lsxpdhx mqrsi mq.a.f,da mgsimam fjzoh;s

iqLxjd |=laLxjd w|=laLu iqLxjd inznx ;x mqnzfnz l; fya;’hkqfjka fuh iZoykafldg we;'fuysoS

mqoa., iajpzPJo;dj m@;sfCImfjz'jrA;udkfha usksid jsZosk ishZM iem|=la Tyqf.a w;S; lu!hkaf.a

M,jsmdlh hk u;h ffckhka bosrsm;alrk w;r nq|=r|=kaf.a jsfjzpkhg th,lajsh'

lu!h yd jsmdlh w;r tjeks ksh;s iuznJohla fjhskuz wd.usl ms,sfj;lskam@;sM,hla ke;ehs

nq|=rcdK kajykafia wx.;a;rksldfha f,dKM,j.a.fha f,daKM, iQ;@fhaoS iZoykafldg we;. nq|=

iufhka lshfjkafka lshfjkafka lu!fhka wdjrKh l<fkdyels iajpzPJo;djla usksidg we;s

166njhs'fN#;sljdoSksf.a iajNdjh ksh;sjdohls'wdcSjlhkaf.a ffoj ksh;sjdohla fuz wkaouska

nq|=iuh jsiska m@;sfCImlrkq,nhs'


.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKhlr

.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj;a ta ksid iajpzPJo;djh wysusjk nj;a meyeos,sflfrA'



jHdma;jS we;'f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska msysgs fjk;a rglg

CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we;'f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS jsYaj .uzudkhla

njg m;aj we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh'fuzksid f,dalh yels,S

w;snj we;efula mji;s'kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i Ndjs;dfjkjd o

hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we;'TzkEu fohla mqZM,ajSu;a jHdma;sh

;a iuZ. thg f.da,ShOkjdoS rduqfjka mrsndysrj yqol,d tallhlaf,i lghq;lsrSfuz fkdyelshdj

la we;sfjz'fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla ;, we;s jshyels fohls'th

tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta ta rfgys we;s wdKavqjsiska

fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl m@cdj uZ.sks'




fuz ksid ;ukag wjYH u;h f,dalhmqrd jHdma;lr yrskqjskd ksjeros foa flfrys ;elSula fkd

flfrA'nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka ms<s.ekSu

iajpzPJo;djh wysusjSula fia i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla nejsks'


ms<sf.k l@shdlsrSuo nq|=iuh iajpzPJo;djh wysusjSula f,i i,lhs'tfiau th bj;,Sugo Wmfoia

imhd ;sfnz'mrmqrska meusfkk foa ksjeros jSugo mqZMjk'tfia fkdjSugo mqZMjk we;euzg mrmqrska

meusfkk foh ksjerosjSfuz iuzNdjs;djg jvd ksjeros fkdjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj jevsjkakgo mqZMjk'

flfiajqjo mrmqrska mej;Su taldka; i;Hlehs .ekSfuys lsishuz |=rAj,;djhla mj;sknj fuz wkqj

jegyShhs'tfiau tfia ie,lSu mrdOSk udkisl ;;ajhla jknjo fmfka i;Hfhka f;dr ;;ajhla

i;Hhehs ms<s.ekqu udkisl jy,a Ndjhla jk nejsks'



1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh

167yrsjsh yelsh'ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros

jsoHd;aul l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;'fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk

iajpzPJo;djh wysus lrkakdjQ udkisl ;;ajhka f,ii,ld bj;,Sug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz'



wkqu; fkdlrhs'tnZ|= ks.ukj,g t<USu udkisl jy,anjska w.;shg hdula yegshg nq|=iuh


wd.fuz ft;sydisl jsldYhhs'TzkEu wd.ula .;al< i;Hh thhs iduzm@odhsl .@J:j,g jeZ|=uz msZ|+uz

lruska bkakjdg jvd tajdfhys ;sfnkakdjQ foa jspdr mQrAjlj lshjd tajd ms<snZoj mQrAjks.uk j,g

t<USfuka f;drj ms<smeo ;udu m@;HCIlr.ekSug W;aiy l<hq;nj fuhska ksrAfoaYjk ldrK

hhs'tjsg huzlsis wd.usl .@F:hlska olajd ;sfnkakdjQ iuzmQrAK wd.usl ksIaGdjg t<USug lsishuz




;uka ms,smeoS lreKq wkqj wd.usl .@J:j,ska olajd we;s ksrAfoaYhkag mriamr ;;ajhka m@;sM,

f,i ,efnzkuz tnZ|= ksrAfoaYhka wi;H yd iajpzPJo;djh wysusjkakdjQ lreKq f,i i,ld bj;

,Sug iq|=iqh'n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:j, oelafjkafka iFJ>d;kh lris|=flfrk hd.h uZ.ska flfkl`

iajrA..duS njg n@yau iyjiH;djhg m;a lrknjhs'kuq;a i;HjYfhkau ienEj jkdyS >d;k

l@shdj,sh uZ.ska ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs'ffjrhhs'fl@daOps;a;hhs' iajrA..duS

njg n@yaujsyrKhg m;aflfrkafka is;;, fu;a;dj lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj jO!kh lsrSfuks'

fuz wkqj n@dyauK wd.usl .@F:hkays oafjzIh jO!khlsrSu uZ.ska iajrA..duSjknj n@yauiyjiH;d

jhg muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel'th tfia ms<s.ekSu udkisl jy,anjska

w.;shg hdulanj ms<sf.k ;sfnfha fulS ixorANh lrKfldgf.kh'






muKla fy,sflfrk ngysr wersiafgdag,shdkq ;rAlkl@ufjzoh yd ;@sfldagsl p;iafldagsl

ia;rhkaf.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys oajsfldagslnjjk m@;sfYaOkd;a ulnj yd m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj

blaujd m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh ;rAlk

l@ufjzohkao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid tnZ|=


wkqu; fkdlrhs'tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu iajpzPJo;djh wysus lrjkakla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'

1 tu' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud ;lalud ;lalud ;lalud ;lalffffya;`ya;`ya;`ya;`

168ta ksid ;drAlslnj jspdrmQrAjlNdjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,i nq|=iuh

fkdolska w;r tjeks ;drAlsl mokula iys; jsOsl@uhla uZ.ska i;HdjfndaOh lrd <Z.djSu iy

uq,qukskau tau; mokuzjSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'


fjk;a TzkEu jsIhla jshyelsh'huzlsis jsIhla f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a fuu isoaOdka; u;h isoaOdka;







jSug ,lajkjd hkakhs tuksid fuz whqrska jrska jr fjkiajkakd jQ kHdhhka lsishuz m@ia;;hl

ksrjoH;djh jsksYaph lsrSfuys,d tlu usKquzoZvqj lr.ekSu nq|=iuh m@;sfCIamlrhs' huzlsis


ksid iajpzPJo;djh wysus lr.ekSula f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs'



ixZ{dkdkd;ajho ixZ{d kdkd;ajh wkqj pska;k kdkd;ajho we;sfjz'tfia fyhska tla wfhlg



;;ajh hgf;a tlawfhlf.a lSm fofklf.a fyda nyq;rhlf.a fm#oa.,sl repslFjhka

mdollrf.k th tlu usKquzoKavfldg i,ld huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj ksjeros jsoHd;aul

js.@ylg t<Ush yelsfkdfjz tfia t<fUkjdkuz th udkisl jy,anjska w.;shg hdula f,i

nq|=iuh i,lhs



nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs lsishuz fohla weiska |=gqj;a lKska weiqj;a is;ska is;j;a ksYaps;j

;yjqrelrf.k usi ks.ukj,g fkdt<Ush hq;nj idudkH jHjydrfhao oelafjz tfiajkafka

iuyrjsg b;du;a myiqfjka wmf.a bJ|@hhka /jgshyels nejska ta Tiafia ikaksfjzokh jkakdjQ

iuyr f;dr;rej, h:diajNdjh wm uq,ska Wml,amkh lrkjdgjvd fjkiajshyels nejsks fuzksid

tu ikaksfjzokhka mdollrf.k CIKsl ks.ukj,g fkd<Ush hq; nj;a tfia t<fUkakdjQ

ks.uhka iajpzPJo;djh wysuslrjkakdjQ ixl,amkhka jshyelsnj;a nq|=iuh fmkajdfokq ,nhs

1 tu' ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;` 2 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

169 ;u .rejrhdu wdpdrAhjrhdu Ydia;Djrhdu muKla tlum@udKh jYfhka

i<ldf.k (iufKda fkd .rE Cousultations of Preceptor)1 Wkajykafiaf.a jpkhu muKla tlu


fkdt<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs i;HjQjlao

jshyelshs i;HjQj;a ke;;a .rejrhd flfrys jqj;a wkaOf,i yd wuQ<sl ioaOd uQ<ldrfhka


jgyd.ekSu nq|=iuh w.hlrhs fuu ldrKh .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz .rejrhdg

f.#rjl< hq;h tfiau W.kajk foa meyeos,sj wid OdrKhlr tajd ms<smeo ;ukaf.a cSjs;g

tlalrf.k ;ukaf.a cSjs;h tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h


fkdyelsnejsks huzfyhlska tfia fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a

m@.;sh bka fkdie,fik nejska nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrkafka yq|=Nla;shg jvd |=r.shdjQ

wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@.;sh yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul jrAOkhhs kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o

.rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo bkam@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka

mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka

msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl< Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l<

m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls







ukiska hqla;jSug kuz mshjs ukiska iajpzPJo;djfhka hql;j l@shdlsrSug kuz by; olajk,o

lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs

;ud jgdwe;s fN#;sl mrsirh yd wdrA:sl foaYmd,ksl ixialD;sl jd;djrKh l<hq;af;a

lulaoehs ;SrKhlsrSfuzoS uskidhg;a lr.kakdnj mrsirksh;sjdoSkaf.a u;hhs'tawkqj usksid

mrsirhg wjYH mrsos yiqrejk ,nk WmlrKhla muKlajk w;r ksoyia;SrKhlau;

l@shdlsrSug Tyq wiu;ajknj lshfjz'udlaia bosrsm;al< wdrA:sl ksh;sjdoh fujekaklg tlaksoiqkla

yegshg oelajsh yelsh'by; olajk,o jsjsO ksh;sjdohkag fjkia wksh;sjdohlao ;sfnz' fuhska

lshfjkafka usksial@shdis|=jkafka fya;m@;Hjsrys;j wdliauslj bfnzgu nj;ah' nq|=iuh;,

fuub.ekajSu wOspzpiuqmamkakjdo kuska yZ|=kajdwe;' wfya;l wmpzphjdohkuskao fuh yeZoskafjk

w;r nq|=iuh jsiska fujeks b.ekajSuz neyerlrkq ,nhs'

1 tu' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

170 usksidg huz huz jsl,amhka m@fhdack .ekSug we;s yelshdj ms,s.kakd nq|=iuhiajpzPJo;dj

Wiia fldgi,lhs';udlrk l@shdms<snZoj.lSu usksidgmejfrkafka fuz ms,s.ekSu u;hs'wx.;a;r

ksldfha 4fjks ldKavfha wF:ldr iQ;@h iajpzPJo;dj ms<snZo nuqfKl yd nq|=rcdKkajykafia w;r

we;sjQ ixjdohla jdrA;dlrhs'

;ud wF:ldrhla mrldrhla ke;ehshk oDIaGswe;f;lehs nuqKd m@ldYlrhs'b;dir, ldrkhla

b;d m@n,j bosrsm;alruska nq|=rcdKkajykafia nuqKdf.a oDIaGsh jerosnj fmkajdfohs' nuqK Tng

leu;s mrsos bosrshg hkak mqZMjkakuz wdmiqtkak mqZMjkakuz Tn lrkl@shd fyj;a wF:ldrhla

ke;ehs flfiakuz oDIaGshlg meusKsfhaoehs nq|=rcdKkajykafia m@Yaklrhs' wk;rej iFjhkaf.a

m@:udruzNljSrAhh ( wdruzNl Od;) we;snj t;a;.kajd wF:ldrh fyj;a iajpzPJo;dj thunj

myodfohs'

kslafuk iajndjhla fyj;a jSrAhhla (kslaLu Od;) mrdl@uhla(mrlalu Od;)n,j;a

jSrAhhla(:du Od;) uejska msgqjd.;a jSrAhhla (Gs;s Od;) Wm@u Yla;shla( Wmlalu Od;) we;snj

ijsia;rj iZoyka lrhs' wF:ldr iQ;@h bosrsm;alrk fuu js.@yfhka mqoa.,fhla iajpzPJo;djfhka

hqla;j lsishuz wNsu:drA:hla uia;lm@dma; lr.ekSu iZoyd l@shd;auljkafka flfiao hkak uekjska

meyeos,sflfrA'

jsjsO ksh;jdoS b.ekajSuzj,ska weysrekq iSudfjka usksid ksoyia lrf.k Tyqg iajpzPJo;dj

we;snj ifya;lj fmkajd|=ka nq|=rcdKkajykafia usksid i; l@shd Yla;sh uekjska m@lg

lrhs'wx.;a;r ksldfha |=lksmd;fha tlaiQ;@hl fuzlshuk .enzjS we;'

‘wli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhxwli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhxwli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhxwli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhx’li,h jevSu

.ek;a fufiau iZoykalr;s'Z[dKfmdaKsl ysushka fuz mdGfol iuznJOfhka fufia iZoyka

lrhs'nq|=iuh ij!wYN jdohlah hkqfjka ks;rwefik fpdaokdj wj,x.lruska hym;w;alr

.ekSug usksidg we;s ipzp;dj b;dir, nj isyslghq; jpkfhka fuzmdGfha m@ldYlrhs hkqfjks'

fufia usksidg ish wNsu;h mrsos is;Sug l@shdlsrSug m@drA:kS b,lalhlalrd.ukalsrSug ksoyila

Yla;shla we;snj muKla fkdj tfial@sshdlsrSu Tyqf.au j.lSula njo by;iZoyka iQ;@mdGfhka

meyeos,sfjz'uq,oS iZoykaflreKq wdldrhg ‘;sF:dh;k iQ;@fhaoS’ usksidf.a brKu Tyq uejQ

BYajrfhlg ndrflfrknj iZoykajqj;a nq|=iufha tnZ|= ,CIK fkdue;'

tajf.au usksidf.a f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r wNsjDoaOsh iuznJOfhka ta ms,snZo j.lSu mQrAjlD;

lu!hkago fkdmjrd jrA;udk lu!h iajpzPJo;dj nq|=iufhka ms,s.kakdksid by;lS u;jdo

m@;sfCIm lrhs' ndysr n,fjz. ms<snZoj jsYajdi bj;,k fyhska Tyqf.aoshqKqj Tyqflfrysu

rZodmj;sknj ta;a;.ekajSu wjYHh'

;@smsglh mqrd jsisrSwe;s iEu foaYkdjlu mdfya fuu woyi .enzjS we;'jsfYaIfhka ndysr

n,fjz.hlg usksid hg;afldg ;snqKq iudchl usksia uki .e;sNdjfhka uqojdf.k iajYla;sh

171u;fldg oSug oevs m@h;akhl fhoshhq;h' fuz wjfndaOh lZM.kajk nq|=joka rdYshla we;'

;udg msysg ;uduh wkaljfrla ;udg msysgfjzo uekjska oeuqKqf;fuzu |=rA,NjQ msysgo ,nhs

‘w;a;dys w;a;fkda kd: fldyskd: mfrdaishd’ ;udl<mj ;udu flf,ihs' ;udfkdl< mjska

;udmsrsis|=fjhs msrsis|= wmsrsis|= folu rZodmj;skafkamqoa.,hd u;uhs'tflla wfkfll msrsis|=

fkdlrkafkah’ w;a;kdj l;xw;a;kdj l;xw;a;kdj l;xw;a;kdj l;x mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’

Tn Tnu lghq;l<hq;h'nq|=jre uZ.fmkajkafkda fj;s'‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wksp‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wksp‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wksp‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wkspzz zzpx w;a;dfrdapx w;a;dfrdapx w;a;dfrdapx w;a;dfrda

;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’ l,du iQ;@ho fuziuznJOjeo.;a woyi iuqodhla

bosrsm;alrhs' tys b;djeo.;au mdGh w;a;kdu cdfkhHd: hkakh'fuz wdldrhg ndysr n,fjz.

m@isoaOshg m;alr iajYla;sh yd iajpzPJo;dj ms,s.kakd;ek jSrAhh flfryS mQrAKjsYajdih

;enshhq;h wdOHd;ausl yd fN#;sl hk WNhwrA:fhkau i,ld YdrSrslfukau udkisl Y@uho Wiia

f,iska nq|=oyu w.hhs'

oEf;a jSrAhh yd oyvsh udkaish (ndykn, mrsps; fiod jlal;a;sh) jrAKkdlsrSfuka lshfjkafka

ldhsl Y@uh Wiiafldg ie,lSuhs'Y@udNsudkhhs'fuh uE;loS nyq,j m@pdrhg m;ajpkhla fj;;a

odrAYksl mokula iys;j Y@udNsudkh uq,anq|=iufhys uekjska yqjdolajdwe;' j;!udkfhys

lhfjfyid jevlsrSu uki fjfyid jevlsrSug jvd my;af,iska ie,lSu;a olaakg ,efnz'tfy;a

nq|=iufhka ldhslY@uh b;dw.hfldg ie,lSu ;,ska mqoa.,hdg udkislY@uh;a Wmfhda.S

fldgf.k iajYla;sfhka keZ.SisgSug wjYHhlrk moku iajpzPJo;dj kue;s b.ekajSu ;<ska

ia:dms;fldg ;sfnknj iZoykal< hq;fjz'

usksidf.a Yla;sh j,ld,k ishZM wOsldruh n,fjz. nq|=iufhka m@;sfCIam flfrA'ndysrjYfhka

.e,jquz lrefjl wfmaCIdfkdlrk nq|=iuh usksidf.a iajdusFjh usksidgu mjrd;sfnz'ta wkqj usksid

wruqKla fmroers lrf.k iaj;ka;@ wOsIaGdkhlska(Free-Will)l@shdlsrsug yels mqoa.,fhls'

wOsldrh(Authority) hkqfjka wd.usl idrOu! fCIa;@fhys woyialrkqfha usksidf.a Yla;sh blaujd

usksidg ndysrjYfhka isg usksid flfrys n,mdkafkahhs ms<s.kakd mqoa.,fhl fyda Ou!;djhls'

ld,duiQ;@fhys m@;sfCIams;jQ oijeoEreuz pska;kuh wOsldrhka fj;ska m@lglrkqfha

ukqIHhdf.a ksoyiapska;kh msnsZojSug ;snQ ndOdjka yeZoskf.k tajd bj;a lsrSu iZoyd fhda.H

Wmfoia iemhSug nq|=ka jykafia;< ;snQ oCI;djhhs'ld,du iQ;@fhka m@lgflfrk m@;sfCIa,s;

oijeoEreuz pska;kuh wOsldrhka uZ.ska ksh;sjdoh(Determination)iuzmQrAKfhkau m@;sfCIamjS

hhs'ksh;jdoh m@;sfCIamjkjdhkq mqoa., iajpzPJo;djh ia:dms; lsrSuls'

Ndjkdj yd iodpdrh(Meditatation & Moral)

iodpdr iuzmkak cSjs;hla iZoyd Ndjkdj Wmfhda.Slr.; hq;af;a flfiaohkak jsuidne,sh

hq;h'fuz .ek jsuiSfuz oS Ndjkdfjz wjYH;djh tla w;lska u;jkqfha;a thska yq|=nqoaOsuh ldrAhhka

muKla is|=jknj ie,lSu ksidh'tfy;a Ndjkdj yq|=nqoaOsuh ldrAhhla muKlauo hk m@Yakh

kefZ.a'

172

th ldhsl jdpisl yeisrSuzj,ska wF:!j;a fkdjkafkao hkakjsuish hq;h'fuysoS fn#oaO Ndjkdj

;<ska iodpdr iuzmkak iudchla f.dvkeZ.Sug ,ndfokakdjQ msgsjy, flfryso wjOdkhfhduq

lsrSu jeo.;ah' mqoa., prAhdjka li, wli, idjoH wkjoH ySk m@KS; fydZo krl wdoSjYfhka

m@fNaolsrSu;a nq|=iuh;< meyeos,sju olajd ;sfnz ‘wF:s NslaLfjz li,dli,Ouzud idjcAcd wkjcAcd

Ouzud ySkd m@KS;dOuzud lKay iqlal imamgsndydOuzud’

f,daN fodai fuday ffp;islhka m@OdkjQl@shd wli,hka f,i;a oelafjz'‘;SKsudks NslaLfjz

wli,uQ,dks l;udks ;SKS f,dafNda wli,uQ,x fodafida wli,uQ,x fudafyda wli,uQ,x'’fuu

ffp;islhkauq,ajSlrk l@shdjka whym;a |=rdpdrtajd jkw;r wf,daNdoS ffp;islhka uq,ajSfuka

lrkl@shdjka fydZo hym;a iodpdr l@shdjkafjz'nq|=oyug wkqj mrd:! idOkh msksi wkqq.ukhl<

hq; l@shdud.!h iS, iudOs m@Z{dhk ;@sjsO YsCIdfjka bosrsm;a flfrA'

nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a wkqYdikdj jkafkao ish,qmjz fkdlsrSu;a li,Ou!hka msysgSu;a is;

msrsis|=lr .ekSu;ah'fuh ish,qnq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikdjnj oS>ksldfha uydmodk iQ;@fha‘inznmdm

wlrKx’hkdoS .d:d jkaf.ka fmkakquzlrwe;'is; msrsis|=lsrSug wjYHjk l@shdud.!h Ndjkdjhs'

Ndjkdj hkakg w:!l:k bosrsm;a lsrSfuzoS is; tlwruqKl ;nd.ekSu Ndjkdj yegshg

jsiaa;rflfrA'fuh ksjerosu js.@yhla fkdfjz'

jpkfha f;areu wkqjo Ndjkdj hkq ‘N~’ Od;fjka isoaOfjk Ndfj;s"Ndjh;s hk [email protected]

kdu mohhs'jevSu"oshqKqlsrSu hkf;areu thska .uHfjz'tfia jvkafka ke;fyd;a oshqKqlrkafka

is;hs' is; tl wruqKl ;nd.ekSu Ndjkdj fkdj tfia jvk fyda jevQ isf;ys we;sjk wruqKqj,

fkdjsisrS mj;sk iudOs hhs'tksid is;tl wruqKl ;nd.ekSu iudOsfha ,CIKhls'taksid Ndjkdj

jvkafkl ;< we;slr.;hq; W;uz .Kdx.hlaf,i is; tlwruqKl mej;Sfuz ,CIKh oelajsh

yelsh'

wdrAhwIaGdx.sl udrA.fha iuzud jdhdufhka Ndjkdj werfUz'th ;@sYsCIdfjz iudOs fldgig

wh;a wx.hls'ta ms<snZo jsia;r ;@smsglfha fkdfhl;a iQ;@;< wka;rA.;fldg we;'iuzud jdhduh hkq

kQmka mjsgq wli,a fkdbmojSuhs Wmka mjzgqq wli,a m@ydKh lsrSuhs'kQmka li,a bmsojSuhs'Wmka

li,a jevsoshqKqlsrSuhs' hk fuz y;frka hqla;j l@shdlsrSuhs'

‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;s’hkafkka fuziZoyd W;aiyj;ajSu

iZoykafldg we;'fuz wkqj iuzud jdhdufhka wli,fhka je,lSu;a li,fhys msysgSu;a

hkfome;a;u wrA:j;aflfrA'fuz iZoyd lrkl@shd ms<sfj< Ndjkdjhs'Ndjkdfjka is;mjs;@flfrA'is;

wmjs;@ lrk f,daN"oafjzI"fuday hk wli,aoyuz isf;ka bj;alsrSug we;sleue;a; yd W;aiyh;a

taiZoyd is;fhojSu;a wjYHfjz'

ta jf.au is; msrsis|=lrk wf,daN wfodai wfuday jeksli,aoyuz bmsojSugo is; fhoSu W;aiyh

jSrAhh wjYHh'mqoa.,fhlf.a ika;dkfhys we,Suuq,a lrf.k f,daNh WmoS'.egSu uq,alrf.k

173oafjzIh WmoS'uq,dj yd ielh uq,afldgf.k fudayh WmoS tfyhska is;;< we;sfuu wli,a

|=relsrSug;a kQmka wli,a we;s fkdjSug;a lghq;l< hq;h'

wf,daNh mrs;Hd. fyj;a w;ayerSuls wfodaih ffu;@sh fyj;a fu;ais;sjs,s we;s lr.ekSuls'

wfudayh uq,dfkdjSu fyj;a h:drA:h jgyd .ekSuo uq,afldgmj;S'taiZoyd ;snshhq; leue;a;

W;aidyh jSrAhh msysgqjd.ekSu Ndjkdfjka is|=flfrA'fuysoS Ndjkdlrkjdhkafkka is|=lrkq,nk

l@shdj lulaolshd jsuid ne,Su wjYHfjhs'ksldh idys;Hhg wkqj iuyre Ndjkd hkqfjka woyia

fldg we;af;a iuyr bJ|@shkaf.ka wruqKqfkdf.k b|=rka uql,s;j ;nd.ekSuhs'

jsfYaIjYfhka mdrirsh nuqKd ishY@djlhkag bJ|@shNdjkdj W.kajd we;af;a by;lS wdldrhg

nj ucACOsu ksldfha bJ|@shNdjkd iQ;@fhkafmfka'fuysoS nq|=rcdKkajykafia mdrirshf.a woyiaj,g

ms<s;re fouska Tyqf.a b.ekajSuz wkqj wJOhd;a nsysrd;a jevqKq bZ|=rka we;af;l fia ie,lshhq;

jknj oelajQy'

Wkajykafiaf.a wjjdoh jkafka plaLq wdoS bZ|=rkaf.ka wruqKq.kak'tajdfhah:drA:h fufkys lr

kshu wjfndaOh ,nd.kak hkqfjks'‘wdkJoh NsCIqjl weiska rEmhla ne,Ql,ayS ukdmhla

WmoS'wukdmhla WmoS'Tyq tysoS fufiaolshs'ugfuz ukdmh bm|=ks'wukdmh bm|=ks'ukdmwukdm

rEmhla bm|=ks'th ixL; jQjls'Tz,drsljQjls'fya;m@;Hhkaf.ka we;sjQjls'huzlsis WfmaCIdjlafjzo

th Ydka;h'm@KS;h'Tyqg WmkakdjQ tu ukdmwukdm ksreoaOjS"WfmaCIdj msysghs'

‘bOdk‘bOdk‘bOdk‘bOdkJo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd Jo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd Jo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd Jo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd

wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd

;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakx;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakx;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakx;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakx ta;x i;a;x ta;x mKS;x hosox WfmlaLd;s’ta;x i;a;x ta;x mKS;x hosox WfmlaLd;s’ta;x i;a;x ta;x mKS;x hosox WfmlaLd;s’ta;x i;a;x ta;x mKS;x hosox WfmlaLd;s’

fuz wkqj bZ|=rkaf.ka wruqKq fkdf.k isgSufkdj bZ|=rkag f.daprjk wruqKqj, we,Su .egSu

iqmrSCId ldrSj oelSfuka wdoSkj ie,lSfuka n,dfmdfrd;a;we;s lrfkd.ekSfuka uOHia:j isgSu

bJ|@sNdjkdj f,i ie,fla'fuu l@shdj,sh foi rd.h fyda oafjzIh uq,alrf.k i,ldne,SfuzoS we,Su

yd .egSu yg.kS' rd.fhka we,Suo"wlue;snj fyda oafjzIh uq,alrf.k Wmosk .egSuo"wruqKq yd

iuznJOjSuls' isys l,amkdfjka isgsuska tys wdoSkj fufkysfldg thska wE;ajSug W;aiyj;aj;a jSu

Ndjkdj jYfhka nq|=oyu W.kajknj fmfka'

fuh ldhps;a; fomrsoafokau jevshhq;a;ls ucAcsuksldfha uydipzpliQ;@fhys w.a.sfjiaik

flfiakuz Ndjs; lh yd Ndjs; is;a we;af;afjzo fuu idikfhys kqjKe;s wdrAh Y@djlhdyg iem

fjzokdjka WmoSo fy;u iemfjzokdjka iamrAY lrk,oafoau iemfhys fkdwef,hs'iemfhys

we,quznjg fkdmeusfKa'tjsg Tyqf.a tu iem fjzokdjka ke;sfjz'

iemfjzokdj ke;sjSfuka |=lafjzokdj WmoSo fy;u tu |=lafjzokdfjka fYdalfkdlrhs'fjfyig

m;a fkdfjz'fkdje,fmhss'Tyqf.a lhjevQnejska WmkakdjQo iemfjzokdj is;uevf.k fkdisgS'

174WmkakdjQ |=lafjzokdj is;uevf.k fkdisgS'fuu foaYkdfjka Ndjs; ps;a; Ndjs; ldh

hkqlulaoehs hkak uekjska meyeos,sfjz'

we,Suz .egSuz wdoshg f,daN oafjzI uq,ajSfuka wruqfKys uOHia:jSug wf,daN wfodai wfuday uq,a

jSu;aksid Ndjkdj yd iodpdrd;aul .Khka w;Hhka;fhkau iuznJOnj fuhska meyeos,sfjz'wli,

is;sjs,a,la uq,ajSfuka huz ldhsl jdpisl udkisl l@shdjla lrkafkakuz th |=rdpdrl@shdjla jkw;r

li,is;sjs,a,la uq,ajS fuka is|=flfrkl@shd iodpdr l@shdjlafjz'tfyhska Ndjkdj iuzmQrAKfhkau

iodpdruh l@shdj,shlafjz nqoaOld,Sk iuyrwd.uslhka fuu iodpdrd;aul iSudjka fkdoekisgs nj

fmfka'

iuyr uyKnuqfKda fuh li,hhso fuh wli,hhso fuh li,uQ,hhhso fuh wli,uQ,h

hhso fkdoek isgshy'‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd ‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd ‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd ‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd n@yaun@yaun@yaun@yaufKdajd box lì,ka;s h:dN~;xfKdajd box lì,ka;s h:dN~;xfKdajd box lì,ka;s h:dN~;xfKdajd box lì,ka;s h:dN~;x

;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’fn#oaO wdrAh Y@djlfhda li, wli,hka muKla

fkdj tuuQ,hkao ukdfldgo;af;da jQy'fuhska meyeos,s lrkqfha wdrAh Y@djlhd by;lS

uQ,hkao;af;la muKla fkdj Tyq thska iuHla oDIaGslfhlao jknjhs'

‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda wli,xp mcdkd;s ‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda wli,xp mcdkd;s ‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda wli,xp mcdkd;s ‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda wli,xp mcdkd;s wli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s lì,uQ,xp mcdkd;swli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s lì,uQ,xp mcdkd;swli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s lì,uQ,xp mcdkd;swli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s lì,uQ,xp mcdkd;s t;a;dms t;a;dms t;a;dms t;a;dms

fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’

m@dK>d;doS l@shdjka 10oi wli,ah' fuuwli,hka is|=lsrSug uq,ajkQfha f,daNfodai fuday hk

wli, uQ,hkah' fuys li,mCIh fuzjdhska je<lSuf,i;a"ta je<lSuiZoyd uq,ajkafka wf,daN wfodai

wfuday hk li,uQ, ffp;islhkanj;a olajhs'wli,hka is|=lsrSu iZoyd n,mdkakdjQ tuis;sjs,s"

okaoSfuzoS;a is,a/lSfuzoS;a Ndjkd lsrSfuzoS;a bj;alsrSug yelsjkw;r"tajdfhysfhoSfukali,hkaf.a

oshqKqlsrSu;a is|=flfrA'

nq|=oyfuys odk iS, Ndjkd jYfhka mqKHl@shd;kla fjkfjku olajd ;snqk;a fuzjd wfkdakH

jYfhka tlg neZoSmj;S' fuzwkqj odkhjqjo lsishuz Ndjkduhl@shdj,shlska odkh fN#;sl jia;jla

w;yerSu mokuzfldg lsishuzflfklf.a cSjs;hg Wmldr lsrSu wfmaCIdfjkal<o tu w;ayerSu;<

;udi; jia;j flfrA we;s wdYdj neZoSu we,Su |=relsrSuo mj;S'thufkdauh l@shdjls'tanj‘w;a;fkda‘w;a;fkda‘w;a;fkda‘w;a;fkda

ikaikaikaika;lx;lx;lx;lx mriai mrs;a;mriai mrs;a;mriai mrs;a;mriai mrs;a; ck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx kduck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx kduck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx kduck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx kdu’hkqfjka olajdwe;s js.@yfhka o

meyeos,sfjz'

iS,h"j;ams,sfj;a lsrSu jekspdrs;@o i;kauerSfuka je,lSujeks pdrs;@o uq,ajQ l@shdj,shla jkkuq|="

tams,snZoj Wmojd.;hq; jevshhq; li,ais;sjs,s /ilawe;'tho Ndjkduh l@shdj,shls' wkqihjYfh

ka mj;skakdjQ wli,aiy.;is;js,s iuqodhla [email protected] l@shdjg fkdkxjdisgSu iS,fhka is|=

flfrA'tu fkdkxjd isgSu fyj;a je,lSu is|=jkafkao ukiuq,alrf.khs t;k iEfyk l@shdj,shla

udkisl jYfhka is|=fjz'taksid th Ndjkduh l@shdj,shg iuznJO lsrSu Wps;h'

fuzwkqj f,daNdoS wli,is;sjs,s odkfhkao ldhjd.ajsZ{ma;sjYfhka lhjpkfhka we;sjk laf,aY

Ou! YS,fhkao is;;< Wmosk laf,aYOu! Ndjkdfjkao uevmeje;ajsh hq;h'isf;ys Wmosk flf,ia

175rdYshla we;' wNsOu!fhys b.ekafjk ishZM wli,a ffp;isl isf;ys WmoS'fuz ish,a,

wli,ffp;isl Ou!hs'tajd huzfyhlska [email protected];ajhg m;ajqjfyd;a iudchg;a mqoa.,hdg;a

wys;lrhs'taksid tajdhska je<lSu iodpdrhg we;<;a flfrA'

lsishuz l@shdjla iodpdrd;aul l@shdjlajkafka flfiaoehs jsuishhq;h'iodpdrd;aul l@shdjloS

mqoa.,hdg;a iudchg;a is|=jkakdjQ hym; whym; hkfolgu m@uqLFjhoS we;'wuzn,gzGsl

rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@fhaoS fuzms<snZoj uekjska idlpzpdlr we;'huz l@shdjla ;udf.a ys;iem msKsi mj;So

wkawhf.a ys; iemmsKsi mj;So WNhmCIfhau ys;iem msKsi mj;So th iodpdrd;aul l@shdjls'

ld,du iQ;@fhao fuz.ek woyia olajdwe;'ucACOsu ksldfha nkaorl iQ;@fhaoS mqoa.,hka i;r

fofkl ms<snZoj iZoykalr;sfnz'‘wka;;m fyj;a ;ud;jkmqoa.,hd mrka;m fyj;a wkqka;jk

mqoa.,hd" wka;;m mrka;m fyj;a ;ukq;a wkqkq;a ;jk mqoa.,hd fkjkka;m w;a;x;m fkj

mrka;m fyj;a ;ud;a wkqkq;a fkd;jk mqoa.,hd fuz mqoa.,hska i;rfokdhs'fuhska jvdu fydZo

mqoa.,hdjkafka i;r fjksj iZoykal< ;eke;a;dh'

fuz ishZM lreKq mrSCIdlr n,kjsg"Ndjkdj iS,h yd neZ|=kq iudOs m@Z{d m@;s,dNhg fya;jQ

fya;M, Ou!hkaf.a iujdfhkahqla; iodpdrd;aul l@shdj,shlanj meyeos,sfjz'taksid idrOu!wxYfhka

m@uqLia:dk fhys,d .sKshhq; Wiiau idrOu!h njgo Ndjkdj iZoykal<hq;h'

ld,duiQ;@fhys jsia;rlr ;sfnk ishZM lreKq fulS fldgia folg wka;rA.; l<yelsh'tkuz

Ndjkdjg yd iodpdrhg hkfldgia folgh'fuys iodpdrh hkq fjka yeZoskafjkafkao idrOu!uh'

fuz hgf;a i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdjka Ndjkd fldgigo oijsOjQ pska;k wOsldrhka" mxpYS,

m@;smodj"li, yd wli,uQ, hk Ou!lreKq iodpdrh fyj;a idrOu! fldgigo wh;ah'

iykYS,s;ajh (Toleration)

wiykhhkq iekiSula bjiSula ke;snjhs'iykh kuzbjiSula f;;a .;shla we;snjhs'fuz,CIKh

huz mqoa.,fhl fyda iudchla;<fjzkuz Tyq iykYS,S mqoa.,fhl yegshg;a iudch iykYS,S tlla

yegshg;a y|=kajdosh yelshs'fuziykYS,SFjh nq|=iufhys ms<s.kakd uQ<sl iodpdr iuzmkak

bf.kSuls'

nq|=oyfuys mru ksIaGdjjQ ksjKo fuz iykh uq,afldg mj;S'taksid iykYS,SFjh ms<snZo

b.ekajSu nq|=iufhys jsYsIaG;u b.ekajSula yegshg yeZoskajSu ksjerosh'mqoa., ika;dkfha f,daNh

oafjzYh yd fudayh W;aikakjk m@udKhg wiykho jevsfjz'iykYS,S ukila iZoyd fuzjdfha ;kS

lr.ekSula ;kSjSula wjYHhs

f,daNiy.; mqoa.,hd f,daNfha fyj;a ;DIaKdfjz odifhlnjgm;afjz' iEySulgfkdmeusK

cSj;ajknj ‘W#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfidaW#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfidaW#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfidaW#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfida’hkqfjka ucACOsu ksldfha rgzGmd, iQ;@fhaoS

fmkajdoS we;'

176

oafjzYh jevsjQjsg wkawh;a iuZ. ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka .efguska cSj;afjz'iykfhka cSj;a

jSug mqoa.,hdjsiska we;slr.;hq; wdl,amuh mrsjrA;khla ms,snZoj Ouzumofha fufia iZoyka

fjz'‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda fjzrsfkaiqfjzrsfkaiqfjzrsfkaiqfjzrsfkaiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wfjzrsfkda’'ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wfjzrsfkda’'ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wfjzrsfkda’'ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wfjzrsfkda’' flf,iaj,ska

wd;rj frda.Sj cSj;ajk usksiqkaw;frys wms flf,iaj,ska wd;r fkdjS taldka;fhkau b;d iqjfia

cSj;afjuq'

‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd w‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd w‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd w‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd wd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rdd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rdd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rdd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rd’mialuz iem fijSfuys

W;aiqljQ usksiqka w;frys wms tnZ|= W;aidyhla ke;sj taldka;fhka iqjfia cSj;afjuq'‘iqiqlxj;‘iqiqlxj;‘iqiqlxj;‘iqiqlxj;

cSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqldcSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqldcSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqldcSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqld WWWW;;;; aiqflaiqaiqflaiqaiqflaiqaiqflaiq ukqiafiaiq ukqiafiaiq ukqiafiaiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdujsyrdujsyrdujsyrdu wkqiaiqld’lsishuz mqoa.,fhlg rd.doS

lsisu m<sfndaOhla ke;ao tnZ|=jQ wms taldka;fhkau b;d iqjfia cSj;afjuq'wms wdNiair nUf,dj

n@yauhkafia iuj;a iqjfhka we;sjk m@S;sh Nla;sjsZosuska jikafkuq'

‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd ;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd ;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd ;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd wdNiaird h:d’wdNiaird h:d’wdNiaird h:d’wdNiaird h:d’

ffjrfhka f;drj flf<iaj,ska wd;rfkdjS luziqj miqmi fkdt<jd flf<iajiZ. fkdjS ieye,a,q

is;ska wdNiair fojshkafia m@S;sh wkqNjlruska jdih lsrSug ps;a; Yla;sh Wodjkafka iemh ms,snZo

iykh ms<snZo ksjeros wjfndaOh we;s nqoaO Y@djlfhlghs'

wms lsisfjl ;ksj cSj;a fkdfjuq' lsishuz iudcixoN!hla;< iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajuska cSj;a

fjuq'tysoS fiiq idudcslhskafj; fu;ais; me;srjSu w;HjYHh'tuksid iykYS,SFjfha moku

ffu;@shhhs m@ldYlsrSu ksjerosh'wiSus;j bZ|=rka mskjSug WkJ|=jk ;eke;a;d wd;audrA:ldusfhls'

wka;rAjrA;S fyj;a ;udme;a;gu fhduqjQ ufkdaNdjhkaf.ka hqla;jk Tyq wkawhf.a iemhg

iykhg ndOdmuqKqjuska l@shdlrhs' we;euzjsg fiiq idudcslhska jsZosk iemiuzm;aflfrys BrAIHd

mrjY fjz'wkqkafj; ffjrlrkjd BrAIHdlrkjd hkafkysf;areu mqoa.,hdf.a ufkdaNdjhka |+Is;jS

wmjs;@jS ;sfnkjdhkakhs'|+Is; ukila we;s mqoa.,hdg iykhla Wreufkdfjz'

fn#oaOhdf.a iajNdjh jshhq;af;a wkqkaf.a iem iuzm;afoi uqos;d.Kfhka hqla;j n,uska

TjqkaiuZ. iuZ.sfhka iudodkfhka m@S;sfhka jdihlsrSug W;aidylsrSuhs'tjka iudchl hym;a

m@shxlr iudc iuznJO;d jO!khfjhs'lsishuz iudchla;< funZ|= iajrEmhla jO!kh fkd jkafkakuz

f,#lsl cSjs;h wiykfhkamsrs tllafjz'

nq|=oyfuz W.kajkafka jia;ldu"laf,aYlduwdosfhkaa uq,djgm;afkdjshhq;njhs'lduhkag fyj;a

wdidjkag wm .e;sjqjfyd;a iykYS,ScSjs;hla Tyqg Wreufkdjk nj rgzGmd, iQ;@fhaoS iZoykalf<a

ta ksihs'tnZ|= mqoa.,hdg is|=jkafka uq|=kam;a lrfkd.;awdYdjkawe;sj ushhdughs'‘W#kdj|=kajdk‘W#kdj|=kajdk‘W#kdj|=kajdk‘W#kdj|=kajdk

cyka;sfoayx’cyka;sfoayx’cyka;sfoayx’cyka;sfoayx’hkafkka tanjoelafjz'taksid fn#oaOhd wdYdjka lrKfldgf.k frda.sfhlanjg

m;afkdfjz'

fuz ;;ajh mqoa.,hdf.a ldhsl yd udkisl iajNdjhgo w;sYhskan,mdhs'lduhkaf.ka fj,d.;a

iudchl iykh iodpdrh mej;sh fkdfya'j;!udk f,dalfha;a jsfYaIfhka wmrfgz;a olakg

177,efnkafka tjka iudchls'ngysr wh bosrsm;alrk woyfia yegshg lergzw,hg f,dnneZos

wYajhd fihskao".skso,a,g,xjk m<.egshd fukao",smWv ie,sfha isgsk llZMjdfiao"luziem miqmi

yUdhk mqoa.,hkag iykhla fkd,efnk nj oelafjz'(fuhska nq|=iuh mqoa.,hdf.a f,#lsl cSjs;h

uqZMukskau m@;sfCImlrkafkahhs hkjeros ks.ukhg t<Ushhq;fkdfjz')by;lS wkaofuz mqoa.,hka

jik iudchl meje;au Nhdklh'lrsreh' wiykYS,Sh'tuksid lduhkays odfhlfkdjS ieye,a,q

is;ska pduzmeje;afuka cSjs;h .;lsrSu m@S;shg iyk hg fya; fjz'

idudkHfhka Ndr;Sh ckhd jsjsO f,daloDIaGSka yd wd.uz we;snj ms<s.ekSfuz yd hqla;s hqla;g

.relsrSfuz keUqrejla olaj;s' thg fya;jkuz fuztlsfkl yd .efgk jsjsO oDIaGSka ish,a,u mru

flaj,hu; rZodmj;sknj Tjqka is;Suhs' Tjqkaf.a u;h jsIhuQ,sljYfhka jsYajfha ishZMfohu

tllah hkaku;;a"wd;auuQ<sl jYfhka ish,quudkjl@shdjka wdOHd;aujsoHd;aul yd woaffj; uQ<

Ou!h u;;a"rZod mj;Sh hkak mokuzfldg mj;S'

fuf,dj tlsfkld yd .efgkoY!k mj;Shhkak fufkyslsrSfuz ;Fjhla Woa.;jQfha nqoafOdaFmdo

ld,fha .xZ.dkoSusgshdjf;a fndfydak.r nsysjQld,fhah'‘ixch’kuz wZ[aZ[hjdoshd TzkEu

wdOH;ausllreKla iuznJOfhka jsksYaphla.ekSu uZ.yersfha' Tyqgms<s;reoSug wdOkdl<jsg Tyq

WNf;dafldagsljYfhka l;dlruska ksh; ms,s;rla fkdoS isgshs'Tyqf.a ms<s;frys i;H w:!h .@ykh

lr.ekSu wdfZol w;ska w,a,d kj;d.ekSu ;ruz |=Ialrfjz'

tfy;a ffck wd.fuz wdoSl;!DjQ uydjSrfhda wfZ[hjdoh blaujdisgshy't;ud idfmaCI;djdoS

kHdhla f,i kh hkakbosrsm;al< w;r tuZ.ska iuyr oDIaGsfldaK wkqj jeks fh|=uz weiqfrka

fjkiajsksYaphka fjkiajsksYaphka bosrsm;al<yelsh'ima;Nx.SkHdh mqrdK Ndr;Sh odrAYkslhka

w;rska fuz.egZMj .ek idl,Hfhkau fufkyslf,da f.#;u nq|=kajykafiahs'

ksulake;s jsjdohkaysfhoSisgs odY!kslhka yd wd.uslkdhlhka iajhxu;fhys wOdk.@dySjSu

fuhg fya;jnejz t;fuda olaj;s'lsisod fkdjsiZoshyels wdOHd;ausl jdo jsjdohkays ksr;jSu

fya;fjka Tjqka wli, lu!hka lrknejz Wkajykafiaf.a u;hhs' tnZ|= jsjdohkaiZoyd iyNd.SjSfuka

je<lSisgs Wkajykafia tajd jsuqla;sh ,nd.ekSu iZoyd imqrdfkdjeo.;ajk nj ie,l~y'

nq|=rcdKkajykafia NsCIQkajykafiag W.kajd,Qfha ish,q jsjdoj,ska neyerjk f,i yd ishZM

m@mxp fyj;a wd.usl wruqKq bgqlr.ekSug ndOdjkfoa blaujd jikf,ihs'Wkajykafia

wkHhkaf.awoyia neyerfldg ishb.ekajSuzmuKla mru i;Hf,i fkdie,l~y'fuz wkqj wfkl;a

odY!kslhka yd idud.@sfhka hqla;jjsiQy'fuz idud.@shksid Wkajykafiaf.ab.ekajSuz wfkl;ab.ekajSuz

yd ieiZoshfkdyelsh'

Wkajykafiaf.ab.ekajSuz wks;ajdgjvd W;alDIaG fyda iudk fyda my;afyda hehs lsjfkdyelsh'

ieiZ|=ula l<yelsjkafka fjkiau;folla w;r fmd|=u;hla we;akuz muks'nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a

b.ekajSuz fjk;a Ou!j,ska fjkiajkafka tajdfhys bosrsm;aflfrk u;yd ks.ukflfrys tajd

uOHia:jknejsks' nq|=rcdKka jykafia wkHorAYkhka my<jSfuz hqla;shqla;Ndjh oelajSug ;ruz

178WkJ|=jQy'ishZMu oY!k ishu;jdofhys wOdk.@dySf,ineZoSisgskl<

wkjYHwhqrskao<oZvqiajNdjhla .kq isrs;ls'huz;dla usksiaiq jsYajdilr;akuz ta;dla iEu u;hlgu

fya;jla we;'

nq|=rcdKkajykafia W.kajk mrsos fn#oaOhkajsiska ish,q wdldrfha oY!kj, tku;jdoj,ska

wE;ajS isgSug h;akoruska ishu;h w.;sfhkaf;drj ;ndf.k ksrka;rfhka ;uka.eku fufkys

l< hq;fjz' funZ|=wdl,amhla uydhdknqoaOd.fuz jsfYaIfhka‘ioaOrAumqKavrsl iQ;@fhys’ oelsh

yelsfjz'iQ;@h iZoykalrk mrsos my< ugzgfuz iQ;@jqjo nq|=jre f,dalhg iuHlaud.!h myod,kqjia

WmdhjYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nknj lshfjz'

jc@hdk .~Vjdofhkao tnZ|=u pska;kl@uhla oshqKqlrf.k we;' jc@hdkfhys tk us:HoDIaGsl

b.ekajSuzmjd nqoaOd.fuz wx.f,iie,fla nq|=oyu wfkl;a wd.uzyd .efgk wd.ula fkjQjo th ta

wdldrfhkau mru i;Hhfjz us:HdoDIaGslfhdao mrui;Hfhka m@NskakjQ ksrEmkfj;s'mrud:!

oDIaGsfldK fhka n,kjsg jsYajfha nq|=oyu jYfhka we;af;a tla uQ,Ou!hla muKs'th jsjsO

iuzm@odhhka jsiska jsjsOdld rfhka w:!jsjrKh lf<ahehs i<lkq ,efnz'

fuz iykYS,Snj (bjiSfuz .Kh) miqld,Sk fn#oaOhka w;r ta wdldrfhkau mj;ajdf.k ke;'

nq|=oyu ia:dms; wd.ulanjg m;ajS thg wkqrEm jsfYaImqo isrs;a ksu!dKh lr.;amiq thg fjkia

merKsiuzu; j,ska fj,Smej;s psrka;k iudcfhajQ wd.uz yd oY!k nq|=oyug tfrysj l@shd;auljSu

b;sydifha ks;rolak g ,efnk iajNdjsl m@jK;djhls'kuq;a nq|=iufha olakg ,efnkakdjQ oevs

wjsysxidjdoS iajrEmh fya;fldg f.k nq|=iuhg tfrysj l@shd;aul jkakdjQ n,fjz. iuZ. mjd

wudkqIsl iajrEmfhys .egSula lsis|= rgl fuzjk f;la is|=jS fkdue;'fuu n,fjz. fn#oaONsCIQka

>d;khlr wudkqIsl whqrska lghq;l<;a iuia; fn#oaO ck;dj bjiSfuka hq;j l@shdlr ;sfnz'

tfiau fjk;a wfkl;a us:HdjsYajdihkag tfrysnjla uQ<sl fn#oaO u;fhys fkdue;snejz ie,l~

Ndr;Sh fn#oaOhka ishZMfokdu mdfya tajgd ;rZ.ldrSjSug W;aidyl<nj;a fkdfmfka' tys

m@;sM,hla jYfhka nq|=oyu wdishd;sl rgj, m@p,s; jSfuzoS ta ms,s.;a foaYSh ckfldgiaj, weoySuz

yd .egqfka iaj,am jYfhks'

foaYcjQ;a iduzm@odhsljQ;a pdrs;@ jdrs;@ wdosh fn#oaOhkajsiska fndfydajsg bosrsm;a fkdlrk ,o

w;r tajd f,fyisfhkau wdrCIs;jsh fn#oaO oDIaGsfldaKfhka n,kjsg tajd iodpdr iuzmkak f,i

fmkS.sfhakuz w,q;ska yZ|=kajdfok,o nqoaOd.u yd Wfrkqr .egS mej;Sug tajdg yelsjQ w;r

iuyrjsg tajd nqoaOd.u;<g wjfYdaIKh lr.kakd,oS'miqld,fhys nq|=oyu foaYSh wd.uzw;frka

tlla;<g m@jsYaGjS thg odrAYksl iemhSug mjd bosrsm;ajS we;'

fjk;a mdrAYjhka iuZ. .egquz we;slr.kafka iykYS,SFjh fkdue;sjSuksidhs'iykYS,SFjh

we;sjSug ;,kd;aul jYfhka lreKq js.@yfldg ne,shyelsjsh hq;h'tnZ|= uOHia:Ndjhla we;sjSug

kuz jsjD; ukilska l@shdl< yelsjsh hq;h'jsjD; uki uOHia: iajNdjhg yd ;,kd;aul

js.@yhg f;da;ekakls'th nqoaOs f.dapr jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKhlr fokaklao fjhs'

179

ld,duiQ;@fhys bosrsm;ajk oijsOjQ pska;k Osldrhka"i;rn@yaujsyrK"mxpYS,m@;smodj"

li, yd wli, uQ,hka hk OrAu lreKquZ.ska we;slr,kafka mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; iykYS,sFj

hhs'


lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh

lr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'TzkEu fohla ;oska .@yKh lsrSfuka je<lSu ;< udkisl

iykYS,snj Wodfjzz'


udkisl wiykh we;s lrjkakla jYfhka nq|=iufha ioykafjz.wo jkjsg ckudOH l,dj b;du

mqZM,a wdldrfhka jHdma;jS we; f,dalfhys tla rgl is|=jk b;diqZM is|=jSu;a jqjo Bg |=rneyerska

msysgs fjk;a rglg CIkslj ikaksfjzokh lsrSfuz yelshdjla fuz ksid we;'f,dalh f.da,ShlrKh jS

jsYaj.uzudkhla njg m;a j we;af;a fuz ikaksfjzok ;dCIKfhys wisrsu;a mqZM,anj ksiduh fuzksid

f,dalh yels,S w;snj we;efula mji;s'kuq;a fuu mqZM,a Ndjh mej;kq ;ruska th ksjeros f,i

Ndjs;dfjkjd o hkak jrA;udkh jkjsg ;rula ieluqiq ;;ajhlanjg fmr,S we;'TzkEu fohla


lghq;lsrSfuz fkdyelshdjla we;sfjz'fuu ;;ajh wd.u l,djfoaYmd,kh fyda lukjsIh m:hla

;, we;s jshyels fohls'th tfiajSug fya;j jrA;udkh jkjsg f,dalh md,kh lrkq ,nkafka ta ta

rfgys we;s wdKavqjsiska fkdj tawdKavqj,g n,mEuz l<yels ugzgug jO!khjS we;a;djQ jHdmdrsl

m@cdj uZ.sks'




fuz ksid ;ukag wjYH u; h f,dalhmqrd jHdma;lr yrskqjskd ksjeros foa flfrys ;elSula fkd

flfrA'nq|=iuh fuu jdrA;dlrK l@shdj,sh;, f.dvkef.k u;jdohka i;HjYfhka ms<s.ekSu

udkisl wiykYS,snj jYfhka i,ld we;af;a th h:drA:fhka mrsndysr jQjla nejsks'tnejska

iykYS,sFjh Wodlr.ekSug kuz jsjD; ukilska hq;j lghq; lsrSu jeo.;afjz'


ms<sf.k l@shdlsrSuo nq|=iuh udkisl wiykh we;sjSfuz fya;jla f,i i,lhs'tfiau th bj;,Sugo

Wmfoia imhd ;sfnz'mrmqrska meusfkk foa ksjeros jSugo mqZMjk tfia fkdjSugo mqZMjk'we;euzg

mrmqrska meusfkk foh ksjerosjSfuz iuzNdjs;djg jvd ksjeros fkdjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj jevsjkakgo

mqZMjk'flfiajqjo mrmqrska mej;Su taldka; i;Hlehs .ekSfuys lsishuz |=rAj,;djhla mj;sknj fuz

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

180wkqj jegyShhs'tfiau tfia ie,lSu udkisl wiykh jO!kh lrjkakla jknjo fmfka

i;Hfhka f;dr;;ajhla i;Hhehs ms<s.ekqu udkisl wiykh f.kfok lreKla nejsks'



yrsjsh yelsh'ke;fyd;a jerosjshyelsh'wkqudkfhka ksYaps; ks.ukhlg t<USu ksjeros jsoHd;aul

l@ufjzohlaf,i ms<s .efkkafka ke; fuu mQrAjl:khka Tiafia meusfKk ks.uk udkisl

wiykYS,sFjh ckkh jk lreKla f,i i,ld bj;,Sug nq|=iuh Wmfoia oS ;sfnz'



wkqu; fkdlrhs'tnZ|= ks.ukj,g t<USu udkisl wiykYS,sNdjh we;slrjkakla yegshg nq|=iuh


wd.fuz ft;sydisl jsldYhhs'TzkEu wd.ula .;al< i;Hh thhs iduzm@odhsl .@J:j,g jeZ|=uz msZ|+uz

lruska bkakjdg jvd tajdfhys ;sfnkakdjQ foa jspdr mQrAjlj lshjd tajd ms<snZoj mQrAjks.ukj,g










ps;a; ika;dkhl, jO!khflfrkafka oafjzIhhs'ffjrhhs'fl@daOps;a;hhs'iajrA..duS njg



muqKqjknj oelafjk b.ekajSuz ms<s.; fkdyel th tfia ms<s.ekSu oDIaGsfhka w.;shg hdulanj







1 tu'' ud b;slud b;slud b;slud b;slsrdhsrdhsrdhsrdh 2 tu' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq.ud ;lalud ;lalud ;lalud ;lalffffya;`ya;`ya;`ya;`

181muKla fy,sflfrk ngysr wersiafgdag,shdkq ;rAlkl@ufjzoh yd ;@sfldagsl p;iafldagsl

ia;rhka f.ka wod< m@ia;;fhys oajsfldagslnjjk m@;sfYaOkd;a ulnj yd m@;sfYaOkd;aulnj

blaujd m@ia;;h ms<snZo jsurAYkh b;d iQCIuj b;d .eUqrg f.khkakdjQ mqrdKNdr;Sh

;rAlkl@ufjzoh kao lsishuz m@ia;;hla ms<snZo bosrsm;a lrkafka iSudiys; js.@yla muKla jkksid

tnZ|= iSudiys; js.@yhla uZ.ska wod< m@ia;;hms<snZo irAjiuzmQrAK ks.ukhlg meusKSu nq|=iuh

wkqu; fkdlrhs' tf,i ks.ukj,g meusKSu oDIaGs.@ykhla f,i nq|=iuh i,lhs ta ksid ;drAlsl

nj jspdrmQrAjl Ndjfhka bj;ghEfuzoS th ksjeros jsOsl@uhla f,I nq\+iuh fkdolska w;r tjeks







nsysj we; udkj jsoHdj tf,i nsysj we;s kjjsIhls'iudchSh jsoHdjkaf.ka ld,dka;rhla ;siafia









ifya;l fkdjkdldrfhka ks.ukj,g t<eUSu o nq|=iufhka m@;sfCIflfrA'mqoa., kdkd;ajh wkqj




;;ajh hgf;a tlawfhlf.a lSm fofklf.a fyda nyq;rhlf.a fm#oa.,sl repslFjhka mdol

lrf.k th tlu usKquzoKavfldg i,ld huzlsis m@ia;;hla ms<snZoj ksjeros jsoHd;aul js.@ylg



m@ia;;hl ksrjoH;djh mrSCIdlsrSfuz tlu usKquzoKavfldg Ndjs;dlsrSu iq|=iq fkdjknj nq|=


f.k usi ks.ukj,g fkdt<Ush hq;nj idudkH jHjydrfhao oelafjz tfiajkafka iuyrjsg

1 tu' ud khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;ùd khfya;` 2 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

182b;du;a myiqfjka wmf.a bJ|@hhka /jgshyels nejska ta Tiafia ikaksfjzokh jkakdjQ iuyr







t<Ushhq;nj nq|=iuh olajhs'iuyrjsg .rejrhdf.a jpkh wi;HjQjla jshyelshs'i;HjQjlao jsh

yelshs'i;HjQj;a ke;;a .rejrhd flfrys jqj;a wkaOf,i yd wuQ<sl ioaOd uQ<ldrfhka jsYajdih

fkd;nd lsishuz m@ia;;hla i;Hfj;ao fkdfj;aoehs ;ukau th ms<smeo meyeos,sf,i jgyd.ekSu

nq|=iuh w.hlrhs'fuu ldrKh .ref.#rjh yd iuznJOjQjla fkdfjz .rejrhdg f.#rjl<

hq;h'tfiau W.kajk foa meyeos,sj wid OdrKhlr tajd ms<smeo ;ukaf.a cSjs;g tlalrf.k

;ukaf.a cSjs;h tuZ.ska jdikdjka; lr.ekSfuz yelshdj we;slr.; hq;h' .rejrhd f.a jpkh

ms<sfkdmeo tu jpkh i;Ho tfiake;skuz wi;Hoehs ks.ukhlg t<Ush fkdyelsnejsks' huz

fyhlska tfia fkdlr yqfola ;rAldkQl~,j muKla is;is;d isgshdg YsIHhdf.a m@.;sh bka fkd


yd prAhdfjz Okd;aul jrAOkhhs'kshu .ref.#rjh jkafka o .rejrhdf.a jpkh ms<smeo bka

m@;sM, ,nd.ekSu nj uydmrsksrAjdK iQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug,xjQ l, fiiq NsCIQka fuka

nq|=r|=ka .ek is; is;d yZvdfodZvd je,mSug fkdmeusK nq|=r|=ka msrsksjka mEug u;af;ka ry;ajSu

msKsi jerfhdod l@shdl< Ouzudrdu NsCIqj wrNhd nq|=r|=ka l< m@ixidj fuhg losu ksoiqkls'

fiiq lreKq kjfh (9)ka tkuz wkqY@jh(Report)"mruzmrdj(Tradition)"b;slsrdh(Proloue)"

msgl iuzm@odh(Given in the Scripture)";lalfya;(Logical Implication)"khfya;(Nomological

Implication)"wdldr mrsjs;rAlh(Diversification of Thought)"NjH;djh(Potentiatity) yd




ukiska hqla;jSug kuz by; olajk,o lreKqj,ska f;drjshq;nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'

1 tu' ud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;sud iufKda fkd.rE;s 2 tu' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ buddhist values...

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