ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ buddhist values...

628

ආචා�යආචා�යආචා�යආචා�ය �� ශා�තශා�තශා�තශා�ත ෙහේවෙ�ෙහේවෙ�ෙහේවෙ�ෙහේවෙ�

06 mrspzfPAoh( 06 Chapter)

ld,du iQ;@fhka fy<s jk fn#oaO idr OrAu & m@;sudk

(The Norms : Buddhist Values and It’s Nature disclosed by Kalama Sutta )

emhfdF p&tfmAn yn vcneyn adhsvnèn k=mkd[yf vfmsFm v[dgt`y.emhfpAlf VbZdy

‘pxfmAnft/ ptfmAnft’yn`nyf.in` adhsvnen b<h<mn(egUrv) krnld yn a#T%yyf.1i^g&Fsf

NASAevZ‘p&tfmAn’ h[Hdfnèvn<ey‘Norms’ynvdennf.2Ehf a#T%yvn<ey mfmZm,aAdr~Vy,nfymy,

nYAy,Dm%y ynetr[mZ im>hyyf. sf^hl BASAevhf‘p&tf’yn<evn n[vt n[vt yn ar~Ty egn

ed‘mAn’ynvdnfn` mfmZm hA m[nb[lFm adhsevZ.EmnfsA p&tf+mAn=p&tfmAn yn vcneyn

n[vt n[vt m[nblA lbAgnnAld vfDfk&myn` h[Hdfnèvnbv s[lkfy h[kfy.

‘p&tfmAn’yn vcny pAlf i^g&Fsf sh sf^hl yn BASA t&ftvey vYvhAr vF a[tf ar~Ty

smstyk` vVeyn pfHw<krgtvfx vcney nfyma#T%y l[bfy h[kfy Eàn<v pAlfBASAevn

‘egUrveyn’yn adhsd i^g&Fsf BASAevn mfN<m yn adhsd gtvfx EkepAz\ ar~Tyk

lbAgth[kfy.3

emm vdn p<dgl sm>hyk an`tr~gt smAj s^sTAvt=L BAvftAvn vcnykf.emhf sHdhn

n[vt n[vt m[nb[lFm ynpdy smAjey evesn`nAv> aenk=t sAmAjfkyfn` ekerhfvfy y<t=y.

emZnfsA smAjyk`t=L aenYAnY egUrvy pfNfs mn<St`vy aArOSAvFm pfNfs ov<enAv<eg

adhs m[nblA s^s$dnAt`mkv vfVelSNykr skskr gnnA epAz\ smAjsmZm<tfy n[tehA

t` smAj cyY%A p&Qptfyk`‘p&tfmAn’ynenn adhsvnbv p[h[dflfy.

emZ an<v p&tfmAnynenn adhskrn<ey vfeVSeyn` p<dglcyY%Avn pflfbHdv krn<lbn

EktrA mfN<mk` ehvt` m[nb[lFmkf.emym‘Dr~mtA’yn vcneynd adhseker~. EmnfsA

p&tfmAn hA Dr~mtA yn vcnedkm smAnAr~TvAcF bvepen.ebDfs#vyn`vhnes smZb$D

ebAehAedvld emkF‘Dr~mtA’yn vcneyn pAlf sAhftYyt=L h[HdfnevZ.4Et[n`hfdFt` DmZmtA yn

vcny BAvftAekAx a[tet kfsfymZ smZmtyk` d[k`vFm pfNfsbv epen`.nfds<nkels b<dD#v

yx epr kfsfymZ kAlsFmAvk z\Skrk&fyAkfrFm s{m b<z\vreyk=xm aAevZNfkDm%tA vk els

1 md,s isxy, wldrdosh, fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysus, fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh, foysj,, 1998, 296 msgqj. 2 bx.@Sis isxy, YnzofldaIh, cS mS u,,fialr, tuz. vS. .`Kfiak iy iud.u, fl<U. 1992, 593, msgqj. 3 Do This Noun’s adverb is Normally.It’s adjective is Normative. 4 uyd j.a. md,s 1, nq. c. uq. 16 msgqj.

629d[kèvZ.a[t[mZvfx ehAHdedyk` lbAg[nFmxnmZ E` pfNfs vfVAl k[pkfrFmk evehsk d[rfyy<t=y

yn smAj smZm<tfyx EkHgv k&fyAkfrFm emhfdF ‘DmZmtADmZmtADmZmtADmZmtA’ ynenn adhsv>vA vfyh[kfyf.1

iajNdj kshduh fukau

huz huz foaj, yd

mqoa.,hkaf.a wfjzKsl

iajNdjhka woyia lrf.k

‘Ouzu;d’ hk jHjydrh

is|= flrsks. nq|=jreka

jsIfhys muKla fkdj

fndaOsi;ajhka jykafia

jsIfh yso ‘Ouzu;d’

jHjydr jS ;sfnz. fndaOs

i;ajhka jykafiag

muKla idOdrK jk

‘Ouzu;d’ rdYshla uyd

modk iQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz.

ksoiqkla jYfhka bka tla

lreKla /f.k n,uq

‘Ouzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod Ouzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod Ouzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod Ouzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod

fndaOsi;af;da ud;lpzPsxfndaOsi;af;da ud;lpzPsxfndaOsi;af;da ud;lpzPsxfndaOsi;af;da ud;lpzPsx Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;s’s’s’s’ huz

jsfgl fndaOsi;aj f;fuz ujzli ms<sisZo ,kshso t;eka mgkafldg fndai;a ujg lsis|= wdndOhla

fkdWmoshs.2

sAmAnYeyn Dr~mtA(pAlf:DmZmtA)ynènn adhs krnen h[sfrfyy<t= aAkAry enAh[sfrffy

y<t= aAkAry k=mk`d[yf kfyAedn m>LDr~mvlxy.smAjyk sAmAjfkyn` vfsfn` emykLy<t= aAkAr

yyf,emy enAkLy<t= aAkAryyf,yn<evn ymZymZ cr~yAevn vfstrekAx avebA`DekAxegn a[t.

nfds<nkvVeyn jnAkFr~N sTAnyk nfr[vtv obenAbyAm enAkLy<t=edykf.yemk EeskL

ehAt E t[n[ttA Dr~mtA ehvt p&tfmAn kwkL p<<<dgleyk=els gNn`g[en.Em Dr~mtA

ehvt p&tfmAnvlx y<k`tf shgtbv(Iegtimization) els l[ebnèn` ekesd[yf b[lfyy<t=y.ap

Dr~mtAvk h[sfrfy y<tèt` a[yf?

aep jFvftyx kfsfymZ p<dgleyk= hAnfyk`kfrFmx p[mfNfyehAt E avsTAevZdF k&fyAkLy<t=

aAkAry pfLfbHd(p&tfmAny pfLfbHdv)g[xHPvk` a[tfenAevZ.ap kfsfymZ ekenk=x atx atdF ehA

atèdk Ekt=ekAx ehA aAy<ebA`vn` kfynèn a[yf?emyx edn pfLft=rvnen E` k&fyAv smAjy

vfsfn` vfVfSXy[yf VfSX smZpn`ny[yf pflfegn a[tf p&tfmAnyk ehvt Dr~mtAvk bvyf.emZ

p&tfmAn ehvt Dm%tAvlxan<v h[sfernayx E smZb$Deyn` kfsfymZ pArfetASnyk` l[ebZ.E 1 i' ks' 11, mpzph iq;a;, nq. c. uq. 40 msgqj.Wmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx Gs;djWmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx Gs;djWmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx Gs;djWmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx Gs;dj idOd;` idOd;` idOd;` idOd;` Ouzu:s;Ouzu:s;Ouzu:s;Ouzu:s;s;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;ds;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;ds;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;ds;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;d. 2 oS' ks' 11, uydmodk iq;a;, nq. c. uq. 19 msgqj.

630pArfetASNy eBUtfk vVeynm l[ebn`nkm enAv smhrvfx mAnsfk v>vk vfyh[kfyf.EnmZ

sfethf a[tfevnnAv> st=x ehvt p&Ftfyyf.

ymZymZ p&tfmAn ehvt Dr~mtAvn sftAmtAm kwkfrFemn apx dHw<vmk vfHdfn`nx sfz\vfy

h[kfy.pAw<vk` vfHdfn`nx sfz\vfyh[kfy.1emZ dHw<vmx ehA pAw<vx m<h<NdFmx a[tf akm[tt nfsA

apf Dr~mtA ehvt p&mAn enAkwm<.smhrvfx p&m<KgNey p&tfmAn k[w>vfx rexZ epAz\nFtfy

an<v dHw<vmZ vfHdFmx sfz\evZ.emhf dF BfOS>nvhneslA h[xfyx vfny pfxkey smhr nFtfrFtf

ull^GnykLvfx vfHdfn`nx sfz\vn dHw<vmZ pfLfbHdv sftAb[lFm v[dgty.2

lsishuz iudchla jsOsu;a whqrska kS;s.; lr fkdue;s tfia jqj;a fmd|= ck jHjydrfhys iudc

iuzu;hka f,i Ndjs;hg .efkkakdjQ fndfyda iuzuq;Ska m@;sudk f,i ie<flhs.tfia jkafka fmd|=

jHjydrh ;< Ndjs;h iZoyd talus;sFjfhka iuzu; lrjdf.k ;sfnk fohla jSu ksidhs.wd.usl

ixia:djka ;< olakg ,efnk jskh m@Z{ma;Skao fuz whqrska iuzu; lrjd.kakd,o fmd|= iuzuq;Ska

nejska iuh iudc m@;sudk(Social Norms of Religion) f,i tajd yeZoskafjz.fuu iudc m@;sudkhka

f.ka we;euz tajd iudc fjkiluzj,g .;slj fjkiajkakdjQ yd fjkial< yelsldjQ foafjhs.we;euz

tajd tfia fkdl< yels tajd fjhs.fufia fjkial< yels iudc m@;sudk jkqfha we|=uz me<|=uz jdiia:d

k wdydr fnfy;a jeks uq<sl wjYH;d jsIfhys meKjS we;a;djQ we;euz iqZM iuh iudc m@;sudk

muKs.NsCIQka jykafia,d jsIfhys meKjS we;s fiaLshd YsCIdmo fujeks iuh iudc m@;sudkhkag

ksoiqka fjhs.wd.uska ksrAosIaG prAhdjg iDcqju n,mdkq ,nkakdjQ nrm;< iuh iudc m@;sudkhka

fjkia l< fkdyels tajd f,i ie<fla.ldka;d mCIh NsCIq ixia:djg wka;rA.@yKh lr.ekSu

fyj;a NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSu fjkial< fkdyels iuh iudc m@;sudkhkag ksoiqkls.luk ;;ajh

la ;,oS jqj;a NsCIQka jykafia,dg ia;@Ska mejsosl< fkdyelaflauh.tfial< yelafla nq|=jrhka

jykafia kulgu muKs.

pV`cAt nvYvAdF mtdrnnn els s[lekn st&FvAdFh <(Femenism)3 ebUdD BfOS< s^sTAvx

Ell krn ecAdnAvk vn<ey kAn`tAvnx b<z\ss<en p[vfdd hA upsmZpdAv BfOS>nvhnesx

lbAdfy enAh[kek mknfsAd ynkArNyyf.4emhfdF ar~htvhx avVY g=NDm% v[wFm ynkAr

Neyn` st&F p<r[S eBdy m>Lfk#veyhf lA enAs[lk=nt svBAveynm vfr[dD lf^gfk aAkr~S

nyk shftv> st&F p<r[S edpOSy vfSeyhf emZ kxy<tt adALvFmt` smst smAjyevtfn

BfOS>s^sTAv evt pvrAa[tf smAjmy p&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFmx BfOS<vfny p&Qptfeyn`m(BfOS<

vfny yn< BfOS< s^sTAvt=L k&fyAt`mk vn p&tfmAn pdDtf yyf.)p&tfmAn pdDtfyk` pNvA

1 oskusK oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d, fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 25. 03. 2005, 3 msgqj. 2 iuka; mdidosld 111, fyajdjs;drK uq|@Kh, 756 msgqj. 3 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la kE, wkq, o is,ajd, uxi,, oskusK, wZ.yrejdo tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U, 22. 03. 2005, 25 msgqj, 4 vhkd fnda,agz ue;sKsh, nq|=r|=ka ia;@Skag oafjzYlrkafkla f,i olajd we;af;a nq|=iuh ms<snZoj l@udkQl~, yeoErSula is|=lr fkdfjz .

631a[tfb[vfn` Em p&tfmAn enAkwekAx aArOSA kfrFm BfOS>nvhneslAeg` vgkFm vnb[vfn<t

BfOS>n`vhneslA tmnvhnèslAx uk`tkr[N adAL enAvn bv pvstf.1

kAntApOSy vfSeyhf p[nvF a[t`tAv> smAj p&tfmAn

aArOSAkfrFemZ hA pvtvAegny{emZ vgkFm p[vrF a[tèt

kAntAvnxm2(BfOS<NFn`xm)nfsA kAn tAvn p[vfdfkfrFemZ

avsrya[tèt BfOS<NFpOSy vfSeyhfbv

avDArNykrtf.emy p<r[SADfptYy ehA lf^geBdy

m<lfkkregn st&Fn` ekAnkrd[mFemZ pht mAnsfk#vy

v[nf px< arm<Nfn` sfz\vn`nk enAevZ.aSXgr[Dr~m p[nvFm

yn kr[N arByAd emZ st&FvAdFh<(Femanism)3 b<z\rz\nxd

emZ ecAdnAv Ellkrtf. EhfdFt` b<z\h< aSXgr[Dm%

p[nv>ey kAntApOSy aSXgr[Dr~m upeyA`gF kregn

BfOS>n` vhneslA yxet` BfOS<NFn` vhl mAnsfk#veyn

ekAx<kr t[bFmx enAevZ.b<z\rz\n m<lfn`m aArmZBkeL

BfOS<s^sTAvyf.kAntA pOSyevtfn p[vfdfvFmx avsrp[tFm

sfz\v<en emm BfOS< s^sTAv pfhfx<vFemn ps<vb[vfn`

al<etn a[tfkfrFmx yn BfOS<NF s^sTAv sAr~Tkels BfOS<

s^sTAvx bdDkfrFmx avVYvfy.E` bdDkfrFm n[tehAt

BfOS<NFn`d p[vfdf pOSyx antr~g&hN y krg[nFemZ

k&fyAvlfy sAr~Tkels ix<kfrFFm arByA aSXgr[Dm%

pNvn ldF.aSXgr[Dm% vnAhF BfOS<NFn` s^Gs^sTAvx

an`tr~gt kfrFm arByA EkL BArtey p[vtf smAj

p&Qptfy t BfOS<vfny p&Qptfyt` s[lkfllxegn pn vn lddAv> p&tfmAn pdDtfykf.4

ia;@SjdoSyq (Femanism) ldka;djkag NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSu ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka ;, ;snQ wdl,amh

ms<snZoj m@YaklsrSug mjd fm<fU;s.Tjqyq nq|=iuh;< ldka;djg ysusj;snQ ia:dkh ms,snZo my;

oelafjk wdldrfhka lreKq lsysmhla biau; fldg olajd ;sfnz.tkuz

1 wIaG .re OrAuj,g ldka;d iyNd.SFjhla ke;.

2 NsCIqj iuznJOfhka wkq.ukl< ms<sfj<g jvd fjkia l@uhla wkq.ukh lsrSu.

3 iqjsfYaIS kS;s moaO;shla wkqj msysgqjd ;snSu.

4 m<uqj jhi ms<snZoj ie,ls,su;a fkdjSu yqfola ia;@SFjh u;u mokuzj ;snSu(jDoaO mgsmdgsh

ke;).

5 pq,a,j.a.md,sfha NsCIqKS LJOlfha wjqre|= 5 lg yd wjqre|= 320 lg miqj fuh iZoykajSu .egZM

iy.;h.

1 ldka;dj yd nq|= iuh, bJ|@dKs fmfrArd, tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda, fld<U, 2000 107-123 msgq. 2 tu 123-125 msgq 3 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la kE, wkq, o is,ajd, uxi,, oskusK wZ.yrejdod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U. 22. 03. 2005, 25 msgqj. 4 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh, bJ|@dKs fmfrArd, tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda, fld<U, 2000 119-134 msgq.

6326 NsCIqKS LJOlh ;snqKq ia:dkh ms<snZoj ix.dhkdj,g fmrjqk;a ix.dhkdj iuSmfhau fuz ms<sn

Zoj iZoykajSu ksid fuh igykajS we;s ia:dkh ms<snZoj we;sjk ielh mokuzlrf.k fuh wi;Hh

lah hk woyi u;lrhs.fuu woyia iDcqju NsCIq m@;sudkh iuznJOfhka jQjls.

wIaG .reOrAuj,g ldka;d iyNd.SFjhla fkdue;sh hk woyi t;ruz ;rAldkQl~, fkdfjz.uska

woyia lrkafka ienjskau lulao$wIaG.re OrAu meKjSfuysoS fmr we;sl<djQ NsCIqKS ixia:djla

fkdue;s fyhska tnZ|= fohla ms<snZoj NsCIqKshlf.a woyia oek.ekSug l@uhla fkdjSh.wIaG.reOrAu

ms<snZoj woyia uq,skau m@ldY lf<a m@cdm;S f.d;ushgh.weh jsjdohlska f;drj tu .reOrAu ysia

uq|=kska ms<s.;awdldrh pq,a,j.a. md,sfha NslaLqKS LJOlh;< oelafjz.1 nq|=r|=ka uq,skau .reOrAu

ms<snZoj mekjSu is|=lr ta ms<s.kakjdo keoao hk lreK m@cdm;S f.da;ush wNsuqLfhysu u;l<

w;r thg wehf.a wOsl;r ukdmh ,ensKs.wjYHkuz ia;@SjdoSkag fuysoS nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKS mejsoao

wemhg ;ndf.k f.da;ushf.ka fuz leue;a; jsuiQ ksid flfia fyda mejsoao ,nd .ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka

leue;a; |=kakd lshdo lreKla u;lr .;yelsh.fuysoS tla;rd |=rlg nq|=r|=ka ;rAclfhlf.a

iajrEmfhka msgg ps;@Kh l<yelsjSu ksid ksrka;rfhkau mqreI mCIfhys jeros wvqmdvq fidhuska

l,af.jSug repslrk ia;@SjdoSyq fuz ms<snZoj b;d leue;a;lska kq|=frAoSu idlpzPd lrkq we;. TzkEu

lreKla foi jeros weilska n,kjsg fmfkkafkao jeros ps;@hlauh.tnejska fuz lreK foi Ndjd;s

Yh weiska n,d ;SrKj,g t<USu fkdl<hq;h.

ia;@sjdoSka olajk fojk lreK .;fyd;a Tjqka olajkafka nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKSka iuznJOfhka

wkq.ukh l< l@ufjzoh NsCIqka iuznJOfhka wkq.ukh l< l@ufjzohg jvd fjkiajQjla njhs. Ners

jSulska fyda fuz lreK fufia fkdjS wfkla w;g is|=jQjdkuz tkuz lsisjlf.a b,a,Sulska f;drj

nq|=r|=ka b;d leue;af;kau NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSug W;aiql jQjdkuz nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKSkag jsfYaI

ie,ls,a,la oelajQjd hehs fudjqka lshkakg bv ;snsks.NsCIqKSka hkq;a ldka;djkauh tnejska

hf:dala; ;Fjh ovuSud fldgf.k nq|=iiqk flfrys BrAIHdfjka miqjQ fndfyda fofklg nq|=r|=kag

wmydi jk mrsos lgl:djla ksrAudK lsrSug th losu wjia:djla i,idfokq fkdwkqudkh.tfia

fkdl<;a flf;la mrSCIdldrSj lghq;l<;a nq|=r|=kag t,a,jqkq jsjsO wi;H m@pdr wdosh jsuid

n,kjsg2 fuh fufia is|=jSfuz iuzNdjs;dj by< w.hla .kakd nj fmfka.NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSfuys

W;aiql jSu iuznJOfhka mrsksrAjdKfhka miqj m@:u ix.dhkd ld,iSfusoS wdkkao ysushka ry;a

Ndjhg meusKSfuka miqj;a fiiq NsCIqkaf.a fpdokdjg3 ,lajSug is|=jSu;a ta f;rjre flfrys

ia:jsr f.#rjfhka fm#oa.,slju ;uka jrolalr ke;;a ;ud f;rjrekf.a fpdaokdj ms<s.kakd

nj4 wdkkao ysushka mejiSu uZ.ska meyeos,s jkafka fiiq uyck;dj ;nd nqoaO ld,Sk uyf;rjreka

f.a mjd m@idohla NsCIqKS ixia:dj we;s lsrSu wrUhd fkdmej;s njhs.

1 pq' md' NslaaLqkS LJOlh" nq' c' uq' 2 ud.kaoshd nsij iqkaorS mrsn@dcsldj jeks isoaOSka ysoS nq|=r|=kafj; t,a,jQ jsreoaOjdoSkaf.a wi;H m@pdrhka ie<lsh yelsh' 3 ,laosj uydhdk woyia" fudrgqfjz idikr;k ysus" weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"1962"7-8 msgq' 4 tu

633 iuyrjsg nq|=r|=kag we;s f.#rjh fya;fjka uqjska fkdneK ksYaYnzo jqj;a iuia; NsCIq ix>hd

w;ru fuz ms<snZoj t;ruz m@idockl wdl,amhla ;snS fkdue;snj fuz is|=jSfuka fmfka.we;euzjsg

fmd|= uyckhdf.a jsreoaO;djhkag wkql~,j l@shdlrkakg Wkajykafia,dg is|=jqkd jsh yelshs.flfia

fj;;a ia;@SjdoSka olajk wdldrfhka NsCIqkag jvd fjkia wdldrfhka NsCIqKSka flfrys lghq; lr

;sfnzkuz tfia lrkakg fya;j fomCIh ldhslj yd cSj jsoHd;aulj fohdldr ,CIK fmkajk

fldgzGdY folla nejsks.1hfula fuu ldhsl yd cSj jsoHd;aul ;;ajh ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k yqfola

;drAlslj ch.ekSfuz wruqKu fmroers lr f.k muKla fuz ms<snZoj os.ska os.gu jdohkays megf,a

kuz tnkaokaf.a jsfjzpkj,g ms<s;reoSu ksrrA:l jQjls.2

ia;@SjdoSka olajk ;kajk lreK jQ

iqjsfYaIS kS;s moaO;shla u; msysgs nj

ke;fyd;a NsCIqkag fkdue;s w;sfrAl

jskhlska iukajs; jSu ms,s.; fkdyelsh

hk foho ;rAldkQl~,j .;al< wj,x.jS

hk lreKls.NsCIqka jykafia,d w;frka

mjd ieufokd jykafiagu tlanZ|=

wdldrhlska nq|=r|=ka lghq;lr fkdue;.3

flduzhqgrA hka;@hla fuka huzlsis kHdhlg

fyda isoaOdka;hlg wkql~, jk mrsoafoka

iEu fokd jsIfhysu tlu wdldrhlska

lghq; lsrSfuys wdlD;sl rgdjla nq|=jre;,

fkdue;. ;uka wNsuqLhg meusfKk ta ta

pska;k lY,;d iys; yd jsjsO udkisl

rgdjkaf.ka iukajs; jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a

;rd;sru wkqj ta ta mqoa.,hdg .e,fmk

wdldrfhka jsjsO m@Z{ma;s mKjd tlS

mqoa.,hd i;jQ ksirA. udkisl Yla;sh

msnsZojSfuz lghq;a; nq|=jre bgq lr;s.ta

hgf;a idrOrAu jO!k l@shdj,sfhys ,d ldka;djkao mqreIhka yd muKgu iu;aluz oelajqj;a iudc

m@;sudk iqrCIs; lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys ,d ldka;djka mqreIhka muKgu ksoyia yd iajdOSk f,i tlS

lghq;a; bgqlsrSfuys,d wfmdfydi;ah hkak fyda iuia; iudch th tfiau wkqu; fkdlrkafkah

hkak fyda fuz lreKq folu ksidu fyda NsCIqKSka jsIfhys wIaG .reOrAu kuzjk m@;sudk moaO;sh

meKjSu is|=jS ;sfnz.4

1 w' ks' 1" rEm j.a.h" ps;a; mrshdh" j.a.h nq' c' uq' 2 u' ks' 11" ikaol iq;a;" n c uq 322 msgqj' 3 w' ks' 1" ta;o.a. md,s" fn#' iuz' ixia' 56-64 msgq' 4 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou!m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998 1-78 msgq'

634 ia;@SjdoSka wIaG .reOrAuj,g jsreoaOj olajk i;rjk lreK kuz fuu wIaG.re OrAu uZ.ska

jDoaO mgsmdgsh W,a,x>kh jS ;sfnzh hk lreKhs.wNsjdokh jeZoSu .reire oelajSu jeks idrOrAu

hkaf.a W#K;djh msKsi idudkHfhka flfklf.a udkisl|=rAj,luz f,i ie<flkakdjQ BrAIHdj

uoh udkh ud;aihH!hh foay w,xlrKh jeks lreKq fya;fjhs1 udkisl |=rAj,luz ms<snZo lreKq

idudkHfhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzjk nj ms<s.ekS ;snqk;a ia;@shlf.a cSj jsoHd;aul

udkisl ieleiau;, wehgu wkHkHjqkq fmd|= ,CIK .enzjS mj;shs.2BrAIHdj uoh udkh ud;aihH!

hh foay w,xlrKh jeks lreKq idudkHfhka mqreIhkag jvd jevsfhka ldka;djka;, ksi.!

jYfhkau msysgd mj;shs.3isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhysoS ieusfhl jsiska nsrsZog bgql<hq; hq;luz w;rg

nsrsZog weZ|=uz me<Z|=uz muKla fkdj wehg wdNrK /f.k oshhq; nj kduslj ioykalr ;snSu

uZ.skao Tmamq jkafka by; olajk ,o udkisl iajNdjh fmd|=fjz ishZM ia;@Ska;, tla;rd muKlg

olakg we;snjhs.4oek W.;alu ksid fyda fjkhuz lreKla ksid fyda fulS udkisl iajNdjh

hgm;a lrf.k isgSfuys fyda tfia hgm;alrf.k lghq; lsrSfuys m@jK;djhla ldka;djka

jsIfhys kuz lsisfia;a olakg fkd,efnk nj W.;a kQ.;a fNaohlska f;drj TzkEu iudc ;,hl

ldka;djl wyUqf,i .;al< olakg ,efnz.5NsCIqKS ixia:dj jeks w;sYh ne?reuz ldrAhhloS tlS

|=rAj,;d jhka j,ska w;ausoS lghq; lsrSfuys yelshdj ,enSu weh mjq,a ixia:djloS lghq; lrkdld

rhg jvd ;oska wjYHfjz.tjeks yelshdjla wehg ,ndoSu msKsi wIaG.re OrAu meKjS ;sfnz.

‘fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh’ kue;s .@J:fhys j;ai,d tuz fldvsldr(Ydia;@fjzoS

f.#rj) jks;djf.a ijrEmh wehf.a jpkj,skau fuf,i olajd we;.‘ngysr os. we|=uz me<|=uz me;s

lv fndfyduhlau wmf.a wd.fuz jsYajdihkag fukau ixialD;shgo mgyeksh.jrA;udkfha olakg

,efnk weZ|=uz w;r flgs,weZ.gu we,qKq iy jsksjso fmfkk idh yegzg ,sx.fNaohlska f;drj weZosh

yels weZ|=uz fuz w;r fjz fuz;,ska ldka;d YsIagnj .s,syS hkq we;.’6

ffcjjsoHd;aulj jqjo ldka;dj i; woyia Woyia yd wdl,am lsishuz fkd.eUqre iajNdjhla

olakg ,efnz.ia;@sh ksrka;rfhka ;ekS we;af;a ffc jsoHd;aulj ujlf.a ldrAhNdrh yd j.lSu

bis,Sug yelshdj we;sjk mrsoafoks.fuz ;;ajh fmd|=fjz udkjhdgu iqjsfYaiS ;;ajhla fkdjk w;r

fmd|=fjz iuia; cSjSj.!hdf.au .eyeKq iFjhdgu muKla ffcj mrsKduKfhaoS Wreujk ,o

iycdYhls.fuz hgf;a wehf.a udkisl rgdj yd wdfjzok ;;ajhka iliajS we;af;a m@ckk iS>@;djh

by<ugzgul mj;ajd .ekSu;a tauZ.ska ishjrA.hdf.a wLKav jrAOkh yd ffcj meje;au iqrCIs;

lr.ekSu wrUhdh.

1 pq' md' NslaLqKS jsNx.h" mdps;a;sh" ,iqK j.a.h" 6-10 YsCIdmo' 2 tu wkaOldr j.a.h" 3 pq' md' NslaLqKS jsNx.h" k.ak j.a.h" 7-8 YsCIdmo' 4 oS' ks' 111" isZ.d,l iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 290-310 msgq' 5 merKs ,laosj ldka;dj" bka|@dKs uqKisxy" Y@S foajs m@skagrAia" foysj," 2001" fmrjok i-vii msgq' 6 fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U 2000" 145 msgqj'

635 ‘fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh’ kue;s lD;sfhys j;ai,d tuz fldvsldr ta nejz wehf.a

jpkj,skau fuf,i olajkakSh.‘wyfia wdf,dalh we;sjSug iQrAhhd wjYHfj;au .Dyhla ,iaikjSug

<orejka wjYHjkafkah.tfukau wefZoaoS fjiZ.klf.a ;;ajfhka isgskakg mqZMjka ldka;djla

r;akhla jknjo olajd we;.fuz wkqj jsjycSjs;fhaoS jsfYaIfhka wUq ieus inZo;d j,oS ldka;dj

yeisrsh hq;af;a flfiao hkak ms<snZo wjOdrKh lsrSug .;a W;aiyhls.1’

ldka;dj i; fkd.eUqre udkisl iajNdjh wehf.a wdfjzok

repslFjhka uZ.ska m@lg lrjk wdldrh uekjska tu

.@F:fhys l;Djrsf.a jpj,skau fuf,i jsia;r

flfrA.‘uEkshka ;ukaf.a |=j oSug Okfhka jevs wh fidhk

w;r mshd fidhkafka mKavs;fhls.kEoEhka fjfyfikafka

jxYfhka Wiia wh fijSugh.tkuq;a ;reKsh fjfyfikafka

rEmY!Sfhka w.;ekam;a flfkl iuZ. hdugh.2’

ia;@SjdoSka wIaG .reOrAuj,g jsreoaOj olajk miajk

lreK .;fyd;a tuZ.ska lshefjkqfha pq,a, j.a. md,sfhys fuz

mqj; iZoyka jk ia:dkh ieliys; nj ksidu fuz lreK

wi;Hjk njhs.huz lsis lreKl Ydia;@Sh i;Hdi;H;djh

ms<snZoj huzlsis ks.ukhlg meusKSfuys,d fuh Wps; yd

Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhla fkdfjz.jskh msglhu muKla fkdj fiiq

msgl .@J:hkays mjd ta ta iQ;@ ix.@ylr ;sfnkqfha nq|=r|=ka

tlS iQ;@ foaYkdl< wkqms<sfj<g fkdfjz.nq|=r|=ka wNsuqLfhysu

ta ta jsIh fCIa;@hkays ta;.@;djh bis,Q uyf;rjre jsiska

ix.S;sldrl uyf;rjreka yuqfjysoS ;uka weiQ iQ;@OrAu tajq

wdldrfhkau foaYkd lsrSfuka miqj lgmdvuz lsrSfuys yd

OdrK Yla;sh uZ.ska uqL mruzmrd.;j tajd f.khEfuys myiqj i<ld wka;rA;h w;ska yd

wdlD;sh w;ska iudkFjh .kakd iQ;@ kej; lsishuz ksYaps; jsOs l@uhlg tlu ud;Dldjka hg;g

kej; ix.@y lrk ,oS.3

nq|=r|=ka jsiska m@lSraKl f,i foaYs; iQ;@OrAuhkag tys wka;rA.; lreKqj,g wkql~,jk

mrsoafoka jsjsO kuz ,ndoS lsishuz ksYaps; Ydia;@S jsOs l@uhlg fm< fmd;a ilialrk ,oafoa tajd

mrsyrKh lrkakkaf.a myiqj i,ldf.kh.iQ;@ msglfhys ta ta ksldh.@J: mjd kuzlrk ,oafoa

wka;rA.; iQ;@j, oSrA>Fjh u;h.4 fuz ksid wkqms<sfj< jeks wYdia;@Sh l@uhla fuys i;Hdi;H;djh

i;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh lsrSfuys,d fhdod .ekSu jeks wYdia;@Sh wjsoHd;aul l@u Ydia;@Sh

1 fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz. fldvsldr"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" 27-28 msgq' 2 tu 29 msgqj' 3 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou!m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998" 72 msgqj' 4 fn#oaO Ou! ix.@yh" udm,.u isrs fidusiair ysus" iuhjrAOk fmd;ay," fld<U" 1990" 376 msgqj'

636.fjzIKfhys,d wkq.uk hlsrSu ia;@SjdoSka jekakkag kuz wNsu; jkakg mqZMjk.ta Tjqka ;ukaf.a

u;h taldOsldrSuh ;;ajfh ka wkqkau; megjSfuys,d oCI;djhla yd repsl;ajhla olajk nejsks

wOsldruh pska;k rgdjlg wdlD;s.; jS isgskakka nejsks.1

wdkkao ysus jsiska ;rAldkQl~,j keZ.~ m@Yakh jk ldka;djkag W;a;rS;r ukqIH OrAuhkag

m;ajSfuz yelshdjla ;sfnzo hk mekh f,dalfhysu ldka;djka flrys ohdfjka is;d kZ.k,o m@n,u

[email protected] ms<snZoj ‘rSgd tuz ;DIagz’mjikqfha nq|=r|=ka ldka;djg mejsoao ,ndoSug is;d isgsh;a fuz

m@Yakh weiQ wjia:dfjz thg ms<s;re oS mejsoao ,ndoSug tlZ.jQ njhs.nq|=r|=ka ia;@Sf|@daysljQ w;r

mqreIdOsm;SFjh m@shlrkafkl jQ nj weh mjihs.fuz lshk woyia ngysrg wd.ka;l fkdfjz Tjqka

jqjukdfjkau huz huz whf.a woyia hgm;a lrkakg l@shdfldg ;sfnzh hk ldrKh b;sydih

uZ.skau wmg TmamqlroS we;s ksidh.kuq;a nq|=r|=ka ;nd wkdrAh iuzm@odh ;<g wh;a lsis|= wd.usl

fldgzGdYhla jsiskaj;a ia;@S pska;kh md.d oeuqKqnj jsOsu;aj Tmamq l,fkdyel.tfia Tmamql<

fkdyelafla tfia fkdl< ksidh fuz .@J:h ;<g wkdrAh iuzm@odfhys l@usl jsldYh oelafjk

mrspzfPaohlao tlalf<a.fuu lreKq meyeos,sjSu msKsih b;d meyeos,s f,iu wkdrAh ixialD;shg

wh;a Y@uK iuzm@odhg wh;a ;jia fldgzGdYhka;< ia;@Syq jsiQ nj;a fndai;ka wd<drld<du

iDIsjrhdfj; t<USug u;af;ka YdlHn@yauKS yd moaud kuzjQ ;dmishka fofofkl fj;ska Wjegka

,enQ mqj; fuhg tla idOlhls.fuz ksidu nq|=r|=ka ia;@S jsfrdaOs wdl,am oerE njg flfrk

fpdaokdfjz lsis|= yrhla fkdue;.

nq|=r|=ka mqreIdOsm;Hhg wkql~,j nq|=iiqk f.dvfkdkeZ.~ kuq;a fn#oaONsCIq iuzm@odh f.dv

keZ.fjz.mqreI flaJ|@Sh jHdmdrhla f,i nj ;j;a woyilska oelafjz.fuu wdl,am ngysr.@J:

l;jrshka orkafka nq|=iuh ms<snZoj l@udkQl~, wOHhkhlska wk;rej fkdfjz.2jsfYaIfhkau jsjsO

wd.usl iuzm@odhka ms<snZoj yodrd tu wd.usl iuzm@odhhkays jsfYaIfhkau ksrAudKjdoS wd.uzj,

wka;rA.; ia;@S jsfrdaOS we;euz wdl,am Tjqka jspdr mQrAjlFjfhka f;drj nq|=iuh wrnhdo j.lSuz

jsrys; f,i yd mokula fkdue;s f,i Ndjs;d lrkq olakg ,efnz.3fuzjd fmd;am;a yd wka;rAcd,

udrA.fhka ikaksfjzokh lr .kakd furg isgskakdjQ wkqldrljdoS we;euz ia;@SjdoSyq wka;rA.;h

fyda moku ms<snZoj lsis|= oekqj;a Ndjhlska f;drj ;ukaf.a jsh;anj m@lg lsrSug fuka tajd ;uQo

mqkrepzpdrKh lr;s.4tfia lruskau tu woyiaj,ska ys;ukdmfha wkawhg oud.ikjd jskd tajd

jsOsu;aj Ydia;@Sh wdldrfhka yd jspdrmQrAjl wdldrfhka wOHhkh lsrSug W;aiql fkdfjz.wju

;ruska NsCIqKS ixia:dj ms<snZoj huz woyila m@isoaOsfhys m@ldYlsrSug u;af;ka nq|=iuh ms,snZoj

jsOsu;a wdldrfhka Ydia;@Sh yeoErSula l<hq;j ;snsKs.f,dalfhys TzkEu jsIhla .;a;;a fuz yeoErSu

l< hq;uh ffjoH jsoHdj l@udkQl~,j fkdyodrd ffjoHjD;a;sfha ksr; fkdyelsjd fuks.

1 tu 2 ft;sydisl us:Hjka iuZ. .eyekshlf.a ixjdohla" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U "09 04' 2005" 17 msgqj' 3 tu' 4 ft;sydisl us:Hdjka iuZ. .eyeKshlf.a ixjdohla..,iQ;@.; l< mqreI n,h" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;s m;@ iud.u" fld<U" 11' 06 '2005" 17 msgqj'

637 bkaoshdfjz ldka;d fojZ.kka mjd isgs wd.usl

jHdmdr mej;ks' kuq;a ldka;d flaJ|@Sh wd.usl

wdh;k msysgqjd .ekSug fkdyelsjsh.fuz

fpdaokdj ia;@sjdoSka jsiak t,a,l< hq;j ;snqfKa

n@dyauK iuh jeks ksrAudKjdoS pska;k

flaJ|@lr.;a wd.uzj,gh.ia;@SjdoSka olajk

ishZMu |=rAj,;d olakg ;snqfKa ksrAudKjdoS

wd.uz;< nejsks.wdkkao ysusf.a m@Yakfhka miq

mejsoao ,ndoshhq; jkafka lukd ldrhlgoehs

jsuiqug ,lajsh wIag.re OrAu wkqj ,ndosh

hq;hehs ksrAfoaYjsh.fuz wg w;r fndfyda

widOdrK fldkafoais we;ehs ia;@SjdoSyq

(Femanism) mji;s.tfy;a tajd fudkjdoehs

Tjqka m@isoaOsfh ys fkdmji;s.wIaG.re OrAuj,

widOdrKnj mejsosj fkdfnda osklska m@cdm;S

f.da;uSyg f;areK nj;a iegjhia msreKq

NsCIqKshla tosku Wmimka NsCIqjlg

jekaohq;h hkak jDoaO mgsmdgshg wkqj

lemlrk f,i m@cdm;S f.da;uS f;rKsh

nq|=r|=kaf.ka b,a,d isgsh;a th ksIaM, jQnj iaa;@SjdoSyq olaj;s.Tjqka wIag.reOu!j, olajk jsYd,

widOdrK Ndjh we;euzjsg fuh jsh yelsh.

ia;@SjdoSkag wkqj jkaokh hk lreK flfklf.a Wiia my;a nj ;SrKh lrkakdjQ usuzuls.kuq;a

ffcjjsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul hk ldrKd folla wrNhd nq|=r|=ka jsiska ldkaldjka jsIfhys

fuu meKjSu is|=lr ;sfnz.ldka;djl ;, ffcj jsoHd;aulj we;s udkh uoh BrAIHdj .Kulnj

jeks |=rA.K urAOkh lsrSu msKsi Bg m@;slu!hla f,i jJokh kshuj we;.fuys iudc jsoHd;aul

h:drA:h jkqfha NsCIq iudch;< ia;@shlf.a meje;au iqrCIs; lsrSu;a tuZ.ska wehg wjYHlrkakdjQ

rCIdjrKh ie,eiajSu;a ta rCIdjrKh ,nuska ia;@sh ;ukag wjYHlrkakdjQ wd.usl jsuqla;sh

i<id .ekSu;a fuhska wfmaCIs; [email protected] lreKq fjz.tu wruqK wu;l lroud fuh ia;@S mqreI

oajJOj hqoaOhla fldg i<ld l@shdlsrSu yd;amiskau uQ<sl wruqfkka neyerjSuls.tjka idlpzPdjl

we;s [email protected] jgskdlulao ke;[email protected] fkdjkakdjQ oDIaGs WmojkakdjQ fujeks foa nq|=iuh

i<lkafka iS,nzn; mrudi f,ihs.

us:HdoDIagsl wd.uzj,j;a ia;@Skag jeZoSula ke;ehs mejiQ nq|=r|=ka ta b,a,Su m@;sfCIam lrhs.ish iqZM

ujjQ yd miqj ;ukaj ljdfmdjd fmdaIKh l<djQ m@cdm;S f.da;ushf.a b,a,Su iuznJOfhka funZ|=

m@ldYhla lrhso hk ieluqiq woyila ia;@SjdoSkaf.ka t,a,jS ;sfnz.we;a;jYfhkau nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKS

ixi:djg wkd.;fhys t,a,jk oyila Wj|=re iajlSh nq|=Kekska oel oel;a NsCIqKS ixia:dj msysgq

jSug l@shdlf<a ;ukaf.a uEKshka jykafia ms<snZo lD;Z{;dmQrAjl fpz;kdj ksiduh f,djz;rd nq|=

jre usil ud;D fifkyil uysu okafka fjk ljqo$fndaOsiuzNdr mqrkdjia:dfjys ishuEKshka

638jykafia Wru; ysZ|=jdf.k ish cSjs;h .ekj;a fkd;ld i;aoskla uyuqyqfoa msyskd ish uEKhkaf.a

cSjs;h fnzrd .ekSug l@shdfldg weh w;ska mqf;a kqU nq|=fjzjd hehs m<uq ksh; jsjrK ,enqfjzo nq|=

jSug m@:u;a fndai;ka;< mej;s lreKdj ksid fkdfjzo$ta ksid ia;@SjdoSka olajk fuz fpdaokd

mokuz jsrys; wi;H wN~; fpdaokd fjz.Tjqka olajk wkaoug fuysoS meKjS mej;s wIaG .re OrAu

ms<snZoj .egZM jsgska jsg mekkeZ.S we;.ta msKsi Tjqyq idOlhla f.k yer olaj;s.pq,a,j.a.fha

NsCIqKS LJOlh ;sfnkafka mxpi;sld LJOlhg;a i;a;i;sl LJOlhg;a uq,sks.fuz wkqj pq,a,j.a.

md,sh nq|=ka msrsksjs jir 100 la hkf;la jsjD;j ;snqk;a fojk ix.dhkd fjz jdrA;dfjys iZoyka

fkdjSfuka fuzjk jsg fuz fmd; ksujd ;snQnj meyeos,s fjz.md;sfudlaLfha ijk LJOlh yd NslaLqKS

LJOl hk fol miqld,Skj lrk ,oaolanj ia;@SjdoSkag mCIj fcda;sh OSrfialr uy;d(Rev.Prof.

Dhammavihari Thero) fn#oaO wdrdusl md,kh kuz .@J:fhaoS myod fohs.kuq;a Ydia;@Shj js.@ylr

n,oaoS tau;h t;udf.a nq|=oyu ms<snZoj jsYdro yd jsoaj;a njg fkd ieifZok nj fu;a is;ska

i<lkq uekjs.

fuz ms<snZoj .re;r uykdhl w;smQcHje,s.u Z[dKr;k uykdysushka Wkajykafiaf.a uyry;a

ix>us;a;d prs;h yd ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh hk .@J:fhys mjikafka fujeks woyils.1th

Wkajykafia f.au joka j,ska fufiah."NsCIqKska jsiska ms<smeosh hq; wIag.reOu!h pq,a,j.a. md,s

fhys we;<;aj ;sfnk ksid ms<s.; fkdyelshhs.NsCIqKS Ydikh msysgqjSu ld,fdaps; l@shdjlehs

mjikakdjQ we;efula mji;s. Tjqkag u;lal< hq;af;a wIag.reOu!h pq,a,j.a. md,sfha muKla

fkdj wx.;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fha f.da;uS j.!fhyso ijsia;rj w;<;aj ;sfnk njh.

tmuKlaj;a fkdoek fuz m@Yakh .ek l:dlrkakdjQ uydpdrAhjreo isgs;s.yd fydZohs wIag .re

Ou!h we;<;aj ;snkafka pq,a,j.a.md,sfhau muKlehs lSj;a pq,a,j.a. md,sh bj;,sh hq;o$

Tjqkaf.a tl woyila kuz nqoaO mrsksrAjdKfhka miqj is|= lrk,o m<uq jeks fojeks Ou! ix.dhkd

jsia;ro tys we;<;afldg ;sfnk ksid fuho tnkaola f,i ie,lsh yelsh hkakhs.2

nqoaO mrsksrAjdKfhka f;uilska kslsKs mif<diajlod m<uq Ou! ix.dhkdj lrk,oS.nq|=rcdKka

jykafiaf.kau oyuz jskh W.;a uyry;a mkaishhla fofklka jykafiaf.a iuznJOfhka l<djQ tu

Ou! ix.dhkdjg iuznJO jQ NsCIqka jykafia,d yer fiiq NsCIqka rc.ykqjr jia fkjeish hq;hs

jHia:djla mjd iuzu; fldg yd;ami /lj,a ;nd rdcH wkq.@yh we;sj is|=l< nj jdrAldjS we;.ta

ishZM /lj,a fhdok ,oafoa wOu!h yd wjskh we;<;ajSu je<elSu msKsih.3

thska jir iShla .;jqkdg miq fojeks Ou! ix.dhkdj is|=lrk ,oafoa isjqms<sisUshdm;a uy

ry;ka jykafia i;aish kulaf.a iuznJOfhks Wkajykafia,d w;r nq|=rcdKkajykafia oel mqre|=

ry;ka jykafia,d mjd isgshy.wdkkao uyry;ka jykafiaf.a ioaOs jsydrslhka jykafia,d jk

inznlduS-id<ay frAj;-nqcAcfidaNs;-hi-idKiuzN~; hk uyry;a uyf;rekao wkqeoaO

1 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus" u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou!m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998" 71 msgqj' 2 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou! m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998 "71-72 msgqj' 3 tu 72 msgqj'

639uyry;ka jykafiaf.a YsIHhska jykafia,d jk iquk-jdiN.duS uyf;reka hk fulS ry;ka

jykafia,d (osgzGmqnznd ;:d;x) ;:d.;hka jykafia oel mqre|= ry;ka jykafia,dh.m<uq

ix.dhkdfjz fukau fuz fojeks ix.dhkdjo rdcH wkq.@yh we;sj uy;a /ljrK uOHfha is|=l<

nj jdrA;djS we;.fufia ix.dhkd f;dr;re wdosh we;<;aj ;sfnk ksid pq,a,j.a. md,sh ms<s.ekSu

g wlue;s wh is;kjd we;af;a ta ix.dhkd lrk ,oafoa ;uka jekakjqkah lshd is;df.k jsh hq;h.

nq|=rcdKka jykafia mjd oel mqre|= ry;ka

jykafia,d iuznJO jS lrk ,o ta ix.dhkdjk ksid

f:rjdohg wh;a oyuz jskh iqrCIs; jsh hfula th

fkdms<s.kafka kuz ta wh usysZ|= uyry;ka jykafia

jsiska msysgqjk ,o mhH!dma;s m@;sm;a;s Ydikh flfryso

jsYajdih ;nkafka ke; usysZ|= uyry;ka jykafia

jkdys nq|=rcdKka jykafia oji jevjsiQ jskOr jQ

Wmd,s uyry;ka jykafi f.a YsIHdkq YsIH

mruzmrdjg wh;a jkfial Wmd,s-odil-fidkl-

is.a.-fu#.a.,S mq;a; ;siai-uyskao hkq ta

mruzzmrdjhs.usysZ|= uyry;ka jykafia m@uqL Ou!|+;

msrsi jsiska f.fkk ,o mhH!dma;s ;@smsglh uqL

mruzmrdfjka (lgmdvuska) ud;f,a wZMjsydrfhaoS

.@J:drEv lrk;re mj;ajdf.k wdjyqh. pq,a,j.a.

md,sh bj; ,kakjqkag oeka ;sfnk ;@smsglh ms<s.;

yelso$"1 je,s.u Z{dKr;k ysushka fulS lreK

wrUhd m<lrk ,oaodjQ woyi fuz lreKg fydZou

ms<s;rfjhs. tnejska fuz lrefKys,d f:arjjdo woyi

fuhska fydZoskau uQrA;su;a fjz.

ia;@SjdoSka olajkakdjQ ;j;a lreKlg wkqjmd;sfudlaLfhys ijk LJOlfhys nq|=rcdKka

jykafia md;sfudlaLh foiSug meusK ksyZvjk fial.uq.,ka ysus ta.ek m@Yak lr;s.nq|=rvdKka

jykafia msrsiays bkakd jsIujQ ;eke;af;l wruqKq fldg ;ukajykafia mdfudla fkdWfoik nj

m@ldYlrk fial.fuys m@d;sfudCI foaYkdj hkqfjka oelajqko f:arjdofha yegshg nq|=r|=ka foikafka

Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaLh muKs. wdKd m@d;sfudlaLh fkdjkakls Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaLh hkq jskh kS;srS;s

ke;s ld,fhaoS nq|=r|=ka NsCIQka leZojd .d:d ;klska hq;jQ wjjdouh jQ wkqYdikh foaYkdlsrSu

hs.2jskh YsCIdmo nsysjSugfya;jQfha iqoskak kuz jQ NsCIqjf.a nSclfrda;am;a;s kuzjQ mdrdcsld

wej;hs.

1 tu 72 msgqj' 2 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou! m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998 "71-72 msgqj'

640 iS,h ms<snZoj jQ md,kh wkqj w;s yslauqKq msrsila uq,ska iiqfkys jsiQ kuq;a nScl frda;am;a;s

wej; ms<snZojjQ isoaOsh jskh ms<snZoj u;fNaoldrS wjia:djla u;lrknj ia;@SjdoSyq fmkajd fo;s.

tkuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaLh ;sfnk ld,fha jskh kS;s ;snS fkdue;.kS;s ke;s ld,fhoS;a ix> iNdfjka

msgux lsrSug jerosldrfhla jsh fkdyel.kS;shla fkdue;s l,l bka msg;oS oZvqjuz osh fkdyel.fuz

ksid fuh is|=jsh fkdyel.m<uq jrolre iqoskak ysus kuz w;S;hg n,mdk jeros nq|= oyfuz fkdue;s

ksid ta ysushka fkrmsh fkdyelsnj ia;@SjdoSyq fmkajd fo;s.wfkla w;g jskh kS;s hgf;a m@:u jeros

lre lrwe;af;a iqoskak ysushka ffu:qk mdrdcsldfjks.tfy;a irAjdia;sjdo jskfhys woskakdodkd

mdrdcsldjla .ek iZoyka fjz.irAjdia;sjdoS jskh YsCIdmo f:arjdo jskfhys wvqmdvqluz u; lsrSu

iZoyd Ndjs;d lsrSu t;ruz fhda.H lreKla fkdfjz. nq|=oyu fjkila fldkr tys ksrAu, uq,a

iajrEmfhkau wdrCId lr.;af;a f:rjdoS iuzm@odh jk nejska wksjdrAhfhkau lskuz ;rd;srfuz

fjkila oyfuz fyda YsCIdmoj, jsoHudkfj;akuz thska f:rjdo l@uhu ksjeroshehs ms<s.ekqu

jvd;a Wps; l@ufjzohhs.

tfiakuz nq|=r|=ka yd iuznJO lrjuska m@d;sfudlaL ijk LkaOlfhys fuu mdrdcsldj ilialf<a

|=iaiS, NsCIQkag md;sfudlaLh foiSug we;ZMjsh fkdyelsh hk ixl,amh ,ndoSug nejz ia;@SjdoShq

mji;s.l,a we;sj meusK mdfudla Wfoid.ekSu hqla;siy.; lr.ekSug;a tnZ|= miqld,Sk mrspzfPao

;kla ,Z. ;sfnkakdjQ NsCIqKs LJOlfha tk l;sldjka miqld,Sk jSug bv;sfnk njg Tjqyq iel

my< lr;s.fuz wkqj fuh mqreIdOsm;Hh ;yjqre lr.ekSug1 f.d;k ,oaolanj meyeos,s fjzh hk

lreK ia;@sjdoSyq u;lr;s.tfukau Tjqka olajkdldrhg nq|=r|=ka m@cdm;shf.a jeZoSu ms<snZo lreK

wrNhd idjOdkj ijka|=ka njla olakg fkd,efnk njo fmkajd fo;s.kuq;a idjOdrK b,a,Suzj,g

ljr wjia:djl jqjo ijkaoSfuz m@;sm;a;sh nq|=r|=ka i;jQ fohla ksid funkaola jsh fkdyelsnj

ia;@SjdoSyq olaj;s.fuz fya;j ksid wIaG .reOrAuo NsCIQkaf.a mYapd;a ld,Sk ksrAudKhla njg fuu

lreKq idOlhla fldg olaj;s.fuz ms<snZoj je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysushka m<l< uyry;a ix>us;a;d

prs;h iy ;okqqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh keue;s lD;sfhys wka;rA.; f;dr;re wdY@fhka by;

mrspzfPAofhysoS lreKq iys;j fuz u;h idjoHnejz ;yjqrefldg ;sfnz.

by; iqoskak NsCIqj iuznJOfhka nq|=iuh wkq.ukhl< [email protected] b;d meyeos,sj jskfhys

olajd ;sfnz.m@:u mdrdcsld YsCIdmoh meKjSug iqoskak NsCIqjf.a prAhdj bjy,a jqj;a tlS wej;g

m;a fkdfjz.ta tajk jsg tnZ|= wej;la ms<snZoj jskfhys iZoyka fkdjk nejsks.nq|=jrekaf.a m@d;sfud

CIh foaYkdlsrSu ms<snZoj jQ m@;sudkuh lreKla fuysoS ;uka lshk lreKg idOlhla f,i

ia;@SjdoSka jsiska Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;sfnz.idudkHfhka TzkEu nq|=jrfhl iuznJOfhka fulS m@;sudk

wod<fjz.nq|=jre wmrsis|= is,a we;s msrsiays mdfudla fkdWfoi;s.fuys mdfudla hkq jskh YsCIdmo

fkdfjz isysm;alsrSuz yd wjjdohs.;uka ;ukaf.a Y@djlhka yd tlaj tlu wruqKl .uka lrkakdjQ

;dlal,a nq|=jre fuu Tzjdo md;sfudlaL foaYkdj mj;aj;s.nqoaO Y@djl hka iuznJOfhka funZ|=

wdldrfhka mdfudla WfoiSugu;af;ka wmsrsis|= ;eke;a;ka msrsfika bj;a lsrSula is|= fkdfjz.NsCIq

m@;sudkhka ;, tnkaola fkdjk nejsks.ienjskau NsCIQka jykafia,d is|= lrkqfha jrog m;a jQjkao

1 tu 73 msgqj

641tu iNdjg we;ZM lrf.k Tjqkaf.a tlS jro uyd ix>hd uOHfha fy<sfldg tu jro iZoyd iq|=iq

jskh lrAuhka uyd ix>hd fj;skau mKjd .ekSuhs.

idudkHfhka fiiq NsCIQka jykafia,d iuZ. ix> iudch ksfhdackh lsrSfuz whs;sh wysusjkafka

i;r mdrdcsld nZ|= b;du;a m@n,u .Kfha jrola l< NsCIQka jykafia kulg muKh.tfy;a ta

jro ix> iNdjla uOHfha jsOsu;a wOslrK l@shdj,shlska ;yjqrefldg .kakdf;la ta NsCIqjj fiiq

NsCIka jsiska jrolre hhs kuzfldg fldkalrkafka ke;.huz fyhlska tnZ|= fohlg jrolre f,i

jsOsu;a wdldrhlska wOslrK l@shdj,shlska ;yjqrelr .;a;;a thg oZvqju f,i kej; Wmiuzmod

NsCIQka jykafia flfkl f,i lghq; lsrSfuz bv m@ia;dj wysusjkjd usila wOslrK l@shdj,shlg

mrsndysrj yd w;a;fkdau;sl f,i by; olajk whqrska oafjzI iy.; whqrska fkrmd ouk isrs;la

fn#oaO ix> iudch;< olakg ke;.

tnejska ia;@SjdoSka olajk mrsoafoka fuu mdrdcsldj ilialf<a |=YaYS, NsCIQkag mdfudla WfoiSug

meusKSu msKsi bv,nd fkdoSugh hk ldrKh us:Hdjla nj ;yjqre fjhs.uydj.a. md,sfha uyd

LJOj,g wh;a jQ Wfmdai:LJOfhys oelafjk lreKq uZ.ska mqk mqkd wjOdrKh lrkq ,nkafka

Wfmdai:h iZoyd ishZMu ix>hdf.a iyNd.SFjh w;HjYH lreKla jk njhs.1wfkla w;g Wfmdi:

lu!hla is|= lsrSfuz ienE wjYH;d jh jkqfhao NsCIQka jykafia,df.a w;ska is|=jk wvqmdvq ksjeros

lrf.k kej; wdh;s ixjrhg meusKSu msKsi wjYHjkakdjQ bvlv ,ndoSuh.ldw;skaj;a jeros is|=

1 u' md" uyLkaOl" Wfmdai:laLkaOlh'

642fkdfjkjdkuz Wfmdai:h meje;ajSfuz wrA:hlao ke;.lsis|= osfkl jrola is|= fkdfjkqfha iqmsrsis|=

udkisl ;;ajhlg meusK isgskakdjQ ry;ka jykafi,d w;ska muKs.kuq;a ry;kajykafia,d jqjo

Wfmdai:lu!hkag meusKSu wksjdrAhfjz.nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska tfia kshulr ;sfnz.

idudkHfhka wm is;kafka ry;ka jykafia,d hkq jeros wvqmdvqluz lsis;a rys; w;sYhskau

irAjiuzmQrAK irAjf;daN|@ mqoa.,hka fldgzGdYhla njhs.tfy;a Wkajykafia,d w;ska jqjo we;euz

wjia:dj,oS m@n, fkdjk iqZM iqZM wvqmdvq is|=jsh yelsnj jskh msglh wkqj fmfka.msKafvda,

Ndroajdc f;reka iDoaOs m@d;sydrAh oelajSu ry;ka jykafia,d w;ska jqjo idudkH NsCIq m@;sudkh

kag fkd.e,fmk iqZM iqZM w;miq jSuz is|=jsh yelsnjg ksorAYkhls.kuq;a tjka wjia:djloS mjd

nq|=r|=ka Bg fodiakZ.d ;sfnkafka tjka is|=jSuz iuia; NsCIQ m@;sudkhkag wys;lrf,i n,mEyels

nejsks.tjka jd;djrKhl NsCIQka fldgila l,a;nd meusK mdfudlaWfoid .ekSu hqla;s iy.;

lsrSug hehs iZoyka m@ldYkh wrA: jsrys; m@ldYkhla fjz.

vhkd fnda,agz ue;sKsh iDcqju nq|=r|=ka ia;@Skag oafjzI lrkafkla f,i olajd we;.tfia m@ldY

lrkafka tl, iudc mrsirh ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka i,ldne,Sfuka miq .kq ,enQ ;SrK ms<snZo wkjfndaO

fhks.nq|=r|=ka tl, mej;s iudc wdrA:sl yd foaYmd,k mrsirh ms<snZoj oevs jsuiSulska hq;j l@shd

lr we;.nq|=r|=kaf.a l@shdldrluz ms<snZoj w;a;fkdau;sl ks.ukhkag t<USug u;af;ka tjeks l@uj

;a yeoErSula l,hq;j ;snsKs. fndfydajsg bx.@Sis W.;ka fkduZ. hdug fya;j md,s NdIdj jsOsu;a

f,i fkdokakdnj fya;fldgf.k md,s NdIdfjka ,shejS we;s uq,a md,s ;@smsgl .@F: lshjd f;dreuz

.ekSug fkdyelslu ksid tjdfha ifodia bx.@sis mrsjrA;k lshjd ta wkqj is;kakg hduhs.odrAYksl

wrA:fhys Ndjs;djk md,s jpkj,g fkd.eUqre bx.@sis wrA: iemhSu ksid nq|=oyu ms<snZo bx.@Sisfhka

rpkdjk .@J:hkays jsYd, wvqmdvqluz olakg ,efnz.rSia fvzjsvzia uy;d iy tu uy;aushf.a uQ<sl

Fjfhka hq;j werUs ,kavka md,s fmd;a iud.fuys m@ldYkj, fuu wvqmdvqlu oelsh fkdyelafla

Tjqka md,s NdIdj ms<snZo jsYdrohka nejsks.Tjqka w;rskq;a rSia fvzjsvzia uy;aushg jvd ksjerosj

fn#oaO wdl,am .@yKh lsrSfuz yelshdj rSia fvzjsvzia uy;dg ;snsfka Bg wod< W.;aNdjh jevsmqr

;snqfka ta uy;dg nejsks.ffjosl pska;kh uq,aneif.k ;snQ iudcfha wd.usl idudcsl jYfhka

ysusjS ;snQ wka;.duS iudch;< hd.fydau lsrSfuz fyda bf.kSfuz fyda b.ekajSfuz fyda mqreIhkaf.a

wNsjdokh ,enSfuz fyda lsis|= bvlaa ldka;djlg tjlg iudc miqnsu;, fkdjSh.jks;dj ms<snZo

f:rS.d:d j, oelafjkafka wehj udrhdf.a uqjg wdfrdamKh lsrSu wNsfhda.hg ,laflrekq miqnsula

hgf;ah.

wd.usl idOqFjh ,enSu ia;@shg wmyiq lreKla fkdjknj fuu f:rS.d:d md,sfhys f;rKsjre

kaf.a wmodkhka ;,ska meyeos,s fjz.kuq;a nq|=iuh bosrsm;a lrkafka uSg m@;sjsreoaO woyilanj

ia;@SjdoSyq mji;s.uska fmfkkafka merKs Ndr;Sh jks;dj yd nq|=iufha ldka;dj ms<snZo wdl,amuh

.egSuls.1ia;@SFjhg idOqFjh,ndoSu ne?reuz wNsfhda.hla jYfhka olajhs.ia;@S mCIhg wd.usl

1 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh bka|@dKs fmfrArd" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" 119-134 msgq'

643mejsoao ,ndoSu ksid mYapd;a ld,Skj th iudc mrsjrA;khla yg.ekSugo fya;N~; jsh.fuznejz

NsCIqKS ixia:dj we;slr fkdfnda l,lskau .egZMj,g uqyqK oSfukau meyeos,sfjz.1

wm@udK yd wOslf,i l< wdhdpkhlska miq mejsoao ,nd

|=kako iudcfhka NsCIqKSkayg Wreu jQfha fydZo ms<s.ekSula

fkdfjz.fndfydajsg NsCIqKSkag NsCIqkaf.a fydr wUqjka f,i

wmuK .rANd lsrSuzj,go md;@jsh.2NsCIqkag ,wenk ksoyi

,nd fkdoS wehg wIaG .reOrAu kdufhka wrA: oelafjk

idudkH NsCIqjskhg jH;sfrAljqkq oevs kS;srS;s jHjia:d

ud,djla hg;g fhduqlrjd mejsoao ,ndoS ;snshoS;a fumrsos

iudcfhka wehg wmuK kskaod .eryquz ,nkakg is|=jQjdkuz

NsCIqKSkayg wIaG .re OrAu fkdmekjQ miqnsul meKjq

YsCIdmo lvjSu fjkqfjka wehg .rANd lrkjdg ovqjuz

lrkjdg jvd jeros is|=jk wjia:dj,oS tu jro ldreKslj

fmkajdoSu uZ.ska wehj hyuZ.g .ekSfuz jvd jevs bvlvla ta

uZ.ska ksrAudKh jkjdfkao hk lreK ia;@SjdoSyq

wjOdrKh lrk lreKls.ta ksidu wIaG .reOrAu meKjSu

ksIaM, njo Tjqyq olaj;s.

ia;@SjdoSka ldka;d msrsus jYfhka iudch fnod Nskak

lruska .egZMj,g jsiZ|=uz fidhkafka oekqu fldgia j,g

lvd ta;,ska flaj, ixl,amSh idrA:lFjhla oelSug

wOsldruh pska;kh Tiafia ish udkislFjh ta;< yeisrjSug ukdj mqre|=mqyqKq l<djQ tfiau

ngysr hqfojz fmdf;ia;ka;@ b.ekajSuz u; mokuzjQ ia;@SjdoS pska;khg wkq.;j ta;, isgf.k

fn#oaO b.ekajSuz jsYaf,aIkh lrkakg W;aiyfldg tfial< fkdyelsjQ wjudkh uld

.ekSughs.jsfYaIfhkau ngysr ishZMu oekqu ksrAudKh jS ;sfnkqfha ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh

flJ|@fldg f.khs.fuz hgf;a Tjqkaf.a oekquz moaO;sh f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a tu oekqu Wlyd.kakdg

is;Sug lsis|= bvlvla ,nd fkdfokakdjQ udkisl ixorANhla ksrAudKh lr.ksusks.

ta;, nqoaOs jsIhsl lreKq NdjjsIhsl lreKq .Kd;aul lreKq hkqfjka oekqu fldgiaj,g

lvuska yodrkjd jskd th moaO;shla f,i f.k yeoErSula is|= lsrSug ;ruzz Tjqkaf.a ksrAudKjdoS

wOHdmk ixl,am m@n, fkdjk nejsks.th Wmudjlska olajf;d;a usksfil .ek wOHhkh lsrSug ta

usksidf.a YrSrdjhj fjkafldg ta tla tlla mdid wOHhkh lsrSu ngysr ksrAudKjdoS wOHdmk

iudkfldg olaj;yelsh.kuq;a fn#oaO pska;kh;, iuia;h tajQ wdldrfhkau wOHhkh lsrSug

;ruz oshqKq wOHdmk ixl,am mej;kqnj ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,am

uZ.ska m@lgfjz.

1 tu 1-12 msgq' 2 tu 102-115 msgq'

644

nq|=r|=ka [email protected] NsCIqKSkag iudcfhka we;sjkakdjQ n,mEu l,a;shd oek oel we;.iudcfhka

fndre fpdaokd t,a,jSu NsCIq NsCIqKSka w;r fkdukd inZo;d we;sjSu NsCIQka fmd<Ujd .ekSug

W;aiy oerSu jeks lreKq ksid kS;srS;s oud fomsrsiu wdrCId jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu idOdrKh.bkaoshd

fjz b;d blaukska NsCIqKS ixia:dj msrsyqks.,xldfjz tfldf<diajk ishji f;la fuh mej;ks.1

nqreufha b;d iqZM ld,hls.;dhs,ka;fha f;dr;re we;af;au ke; m@n, uydhdk NsCIqKS ixia:djla

.ek pSkfha cmdkfha fldrshdfjz jeks rgj,ska jdrA;dfjz.uydhdk rgj, mejf;k NsCIqKS

ixia:djka wmg ms<s.; fkdyelafla tajdfha ryfia wUqieushka f,i yeisrSu muKla fkdj bkq;a

Tnzng .shdjQ |+ orejka ,en l@uj;a wdldrhg m@isoaOsfha jsjdy cSjs; .;lsrSfuz ksoyi mjd mejsos

mCIh i; uQ<sl udkj whs;sjdislula f,i;a thg jskfhka lsis|= ndOdjla fkdue;s f,i;a jskfhka

Bg wjYH jsOsjsOdk i<iajd we;s f,i;a trfgys idudkH uyck;dj i<lk nejsks.fujeks rgj,

ta ta ksldhslhka mejsoao ,nd fokafkao ;ukaf.au orejkag muKs.ta ;ukaf.a ksldh fkdkeiS /l

.ekSu iZoydh.tjeks wmlSrA;su;a miqnsula we;s jsfoaYSh uydhdk nq|=iufhys wdNdIh we;sj,

furfgys uykdhl f;reka jykafia,d ishZM fokdf.au oevs jsfrdaO;djh uOHfha uOHia: woyia

ork jevsfokdf.a fkdleue;af;ka lSm fofklf.a TZzkE tmdlu u; ta iZoyd ,laosj f:arjdo nq|=

iuh jskdY uqLh lrdhjkakg ryfia msUqrem;a wZosk lf;da,sl m,a,sfha wkq.@yh u; l@shd;aul jk

rdcH fkdjk iud.uz yryd ,efnk jsfoaYSh uqo,a fvd,rA usgsj,g jiZ.j furgg wdkhkh

lrkakg udkn,k uydhdk NsCIqKS ixia:dj ,xldjjeks iqmsrsis|= f:arjdoS nq|= oyu l@shd;aul jk

rglg lsisfia;a fkd.e<fmhs.

vfny nFtfey h[xfyx k=wA sAmenrvr[nx nFtfk[w>vfx,v[lf dHw<vmZ dfy dHw<vmZ aAdfy

pNvyf.2smhr avsTAvldF v[wfhfxf BfOS<nvhneslA smAjvferA`Df a[t[mZ k&fyAvn kLvfx

b&h`mdNwyv[nf dHw<vmZ pNvn<l[ebZ.3emy kyxvwA mnsx d[enn dHw<vmkf.mfnfs<n` p&tfmAn

hA Dr~mtA gr[krn eh`t=vk a[t.mfnfs<n` hftn`en emZ Dr~mtA an<v h[sfrFm mfnfsAeg

svABAvfk h[sfrFmbvyf.kAlyk`t=L Dr~mtAv n`x an<v h[sfermfnsfxf mfnfs<n`x ov<n`eg

jFvftey evn kLenAh[kf a^gbvx Dr~mtA prfvr~tny vneny.4ymZkfsfedyk tmnx

svBAvfk edykbvx pt`vF svkFy jFvftey a^gyk`v> vfx,Ey sfz\kfrFm sHdhA pArfetASN ehA

dHw<vmZ avVYvnen n[t.5

Dm%tA s{msmAjykm epAz\evZ dk`nxl[ebZ.E`vA EkEk smAjyk pvtnA andmx vwA

evns vfdfhkx tvt smAjykdF dkfnnx p<HPvn.EmnfsA Dr~mtA ehvt p&tfmAn klfn`klx

1 ldka;dj iy nq|=iuh bJ|@sKs fmfrArd" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" tu 55-98 msgq' 2 u' md' 1" nq' c' uq' 208 msgqj' wkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufwkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufwkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufwkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqjKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqjKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqjKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqj idufKafrAys idufKafrAys idufKafrAys idufKafrAys islaLs;`xislaLs;`xislaLs;`xislaLs;`x 3 iuka; mdidosld 1" fyajdjs;drK uq|@K" 168-179 msgqj' 4 wOHdmk ufkdjsoHdj" ixia' csf;aJ|@ ufaydka" mr's iajrAKd jsfcA;`x." wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;`j" n;a;ruq,a," 1996" 262 msgqj' 5 ,ud wdl,am ixjrAOkh" foudmsh .`re ldrAhNdrh" fm@aud l`v,s.u" iSudiys; oSmdks uq|@K m@ldYkh" kqf.af.dv" 2000'

645evnsvFmx BAjnyevZ.(tr[N tr[Nfynèg ymZ ymZ kAlvl a[tfvn h[sfrFm udAhrN

vVeyn gth[kfy.)1

smAjyk` eds blnvfxdF smAjjFvfty gtkfrFm sHdhA Dr~mtA ektrmZ v[dgt vnvAd[yf

p[h[dflfevZ.Dr~mtA ehvt Dr~mtA enAtfebnnx smAjyk` pvt`vAgnyAm aphs<evyf.nm<t

apx emZ kArNy EtrmZ enAv[xeh.Dm%tA ehvt p&tfmAn kfyA ekAxsk pvtfnvAd[yf kfyA

vt enAsfet.Ix eht=v emZ Dm%tA ehvt p&tfmAnvlx ap h<r[p<r[z\vF E`vA apeg jFvftvlx

jFr~NvF kA v[dF a[tf nfsAy.2

smhrvfxk emZ Dm%tA atr prmAdr~VF Dm%tA hA yTAr~T Dm%tA dknx p<HPvn.eevreyn

eevry enAsnsfeHd,yn<prmAdr~VF yTAr~TDm%tAvykf.p&tfmAnykf.nm<t` apf aep sAmAnY

jFvfteydF apx ymZkfsf akxy<ttk kLekenk=x Ekx Ek krnnx ut`shkrnenm<.Ees

ut`shkLt prmAdr~VFp&tfmAn yk h[xfyx emy kv<r[t pfLfgn`nA edykf.smAjyeds bln

vfx Dm%tA ehvt p&tmAnvl tvt p[t`tk dk`nxl[ebZ.EnmZ smhr Dm%tA agykrn< lbmfn`

E` atrm E` Dm%tAvlx p&tfmAnvlx Eerhfv kxy<t=kfrFemZ rxAvk`d dk`nx tfbFmyf. udAhrN

yk` vVeyn mtp[n`bFemn` v[LkFm ebUdD Dm%tAvyk`vVeyn pfLfgnnA Ekkf.nm<t` b<z\dhm

aArOSAkfrFmx vYvsTAevn` b[HdFa[tff rxk s{m rjyk` mHgfnm mtp[n` nfSpAdnyx an<bl

dFmk`d eker~.

1 kqU kdvka foajodis" uq;ùqo,df.a kYaYxl" isZZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U" 06' 03'2005" 24 msgqj' 2 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta' fyauka; lùdr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U" 1997" 132-140 msgq'

646

rjey an<m[tfy enAm[tfv nfSpAdnykrn< lbn nFtfvferADfy[yf hHz\n`vn< lbn mt`p[n

uvz\rk h[xfyx slkA m[wp[v[t`vFmxd kxy<t=kryf.p&tfmAn pfLfbHdv emt[ndF g[xHPvk` pvtF.

smAjyk p<dglyn`vfsfn` pfLfp[dfyy<t= ehA` enApfLfp[dfyy<t= ehA` nFtfrFtf vYvsTA sfrft` vfrft

th^cf dHw<vmZ an<sAsnA aAdfy smAjk&fyAdAmyt=L nfsfprfdf k&fyAvx enAn[eHg`nmZ E`vAmt pfhfxA

enAsfxFnmZ Evn smAjy bfHdv[exZ.smAj vY<heyhf smZmtyx blp[v[tèvn hrpdDtfyt=L m<l

b[sgt` cr~yAmy lOSN pfLfgt` p&tfmAn ehvt Dm%tAels s[lek`.1

emhfdF ap sAkcZCAkrn< lbnèn kAlAms>t&eyn` ehlfvn ebUdD sArDm% hA iht dkvn

ld ‘p&tfmAn(Norms)’atr pvtfn sbHdtAvey svr{py pfLfbHdvyf2.kAlAm s>t&eyhf vfvrNy

vn smAj p&tfmAny vnAhF Ehf d[kèvn smAj sdAcAr p&Qptfyyf.emZ v>klF p^cVFl

p&tfpdAvmb[vZ 3vn prfcZeC~dey sAkcZCAvx lk`vfnf.(3 prfcZeC~dy bln`n) Em prfcZeC~dey

sAkcZCAvx bHz\n`v> prfdf p^cVFl p&tfpdAv s<rOSftvFm pfNfs aADYAt`mfk sArDm%s^klpv>

aelA`B,aedAs hA aemAh yn sArDm% s^klpt&ft`vy udvZv>bv d[k`vfnf.3

emm sArDm% s^klpt&ftvy hxgn<lbnèn` itAm s>Osm sArDm% s^klpyn` strkv>

emttA, kr[NA,m<dftA hA uepkKA yn sArDr~mFy s^klpyn` str pdnmZekAx bv vfstr

ekrfnf.4emes aDYAt`mfk sArDm% s^vD%nykrn` nAv> p<dglyA aADYAt`mfk hA bAhfr vVeyn

s[nsFmZvg% strk lbnbv kAlAm s>t&eyhf vfstr ekrfnf.EnmZ,5

1.prelAvk tfebZnmZ,prelAvdF yhpt` uptk lbenmf yn<evn emelAvdFm lbn s[nsFm.6

2.prelAvk n[tfnmZ,emZ aAt`myhf s<ves vfsfmf yn<evn emelAvdFm lbn s[nsFm.7

3.pvZkLAh<x vfpAkednmZ,mAvfsfn` EbHz\ pvZ enAkrnldF yn<evn emelAvdFm lbn s[nsFm.8

4.pvZkLAh<x vfpAk enAednmZ,mAvfsfn` EbHz\ pvZ enAkrnldF yn<evn emelAvdFm

lbns[nsFm.9 cft`tVAntfy ehvt s[nsFmyn< p<dgleyk= tm jFvnp[v[tm nfrr~b<dv

1 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta' fyauka; ludr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 1997"135 msgqj' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dudw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dudw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dudw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d ….w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;daps;af;daps;af;daps;af;da…..wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskayka;s k woskayka;s k woskayka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x kx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x kx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x kx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;sys;dh iqLdh;sys;dh iqLdh;sys;dh iqLdh;s 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda …wfodafidawfodafidawfodafidawfodafida….wfudafydawfudafydawfudafydawfudafyda….mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAmqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAmqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAmqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcA C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; 4 tu iiii fLda fid ldfLda fid ldfLda fid ldfLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda m;siai,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda m;siai,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda m;siai,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda m;siai f;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fmf;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fmf;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fmf;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fm----lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx x x x inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 5 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;dafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;dafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;dafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;da tjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;tjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;tjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;tjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s 6 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 7 tu ifpz fLda mk ifpz fLda mk ifpz fLda mk ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk OuzfuzkF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk OuzfuzkF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk OuzfuzkF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 8 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdkaifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdkaifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdkaifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux;x fLda mk ux;x fLda mk ux;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 9 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;sifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;sifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;sifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;sp;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;sp;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;sp;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;s

647gtkfrFm eht=evn bAhfr smAjy hA p<dglyA atr pvtfn smAjmy smZm<tfy enAbfHd

aArOSAkfrFm atYvVY kArNykf.smAj smZm<tfy ehvt smAj sdAcAr p&Qptfy kwkrnnAv>

p<dglyAevt smAjeyn enAeyk bADAvn` Ellvfyh[kf b[vfn` EvfxEm p<dglyAeg` jFvftyd

Eyfn` enAeyk ar~b<dshft evZ.

smAjyk` yn< p<dglyfn`

sm>hykf.1 ov<n` EkfenkA

tm tmn p<dglfkjFvft gt

krn atrm smAjey k=wAm

smAj E`kky vn pv<l

ek$z& ekAx egAw nHgA gt

smAj h[sfrFmkd Ek Ek

p<dglyA vfSeyhf dk`nx

l[ebZ.2 smAjey k=wAm smAj

smAj E`kky vn pv<l

s^sTAv nfrr~b<dv p[vtm

sHdhA eht=evyf.pv<l

s^sTAvt=L nfr~bADFyjFvfkAv

pfNfs ivhlvn p^cvfD v>

p&tfpt`tFnègn p^cVFl p&tfpdAv s[z\mZlded evyf.p^cVFl p&tfpdAvt=L an`tr~gtv> p&AN

GAteyn v[LkFmt=lfn ar~Tvt vnèn smAjyt=L evesn aenk=t` sAmAjfkyneg jFvt`vFemZ

a[tf ayftfy ov<n`x lbAdFmyf.

emm anYyneg hfrfh[r vDb$Dnvlx lkènAvF tm jFvnp[v[t`m s<vdAyfk kAyfk hA

mAnsfk prfsryk`t=L gtkfrfemZ ayfftfy ov<n`hx lbAdFm pLm< VfOSAdpdeyn aT%vtèker~.3

ekenk= emes tmk&fyA pxfpAxfy skskrg[nFmxnmZ EbHz\ p<dgleyk=eg` aADYAt`mfk s^vry

itAm vfVfSX ttvykx s^vD%ny krg[nFm avVYy.eevrsftfvflft=lfn` GAtnykfrfmZ hA vD

b$Dnvlx p[mfNvFmZ sfz\eker~.avYApAd sftfvflft=lfn` eemt&fy ehvt mft=r[bv vD%ny eker~.

mft=r[bv mft&tvy thv<r[v<n smAj smZb$DtA pdDtfykdF E`t=L vAsy krn mAnv p&jAveg

m>Lfk mfnfs ayftfvAskmZ phmt p^cVFl p&tfpdAevn nfr~edVft sdAcAr Dm%tA ph aArOSAevZ.

kAlAm s>t&eyhfdF elA`By n[m[tf ak=slm>ly eht=ekAxegn sdAcAr KNwnyt` EmHgfn

smAj p&tfmAn rAm<vvn p^cVFl p&tfpdAv bfHdv[exn ay<r[ epnvA a[tèt emZ ay<rfnf.

‘kAlAmeynf,elA`Beyn y<k`tv> emZ p<r[S p<dgletm vnAhF elA`Byvfsfn` mwnAlded,

hAtpsfn` vfnAVkrn sft` a[tet,st=rn mryf.esArkmZd kryf.prdArAvn krAd yyf.ebAr[d

kfyyf.yemk=x dFr~GkAlyk` ahft pfNfs z\k` pfNfs evZd,anYyAd Eb[vZ pfNfs smAdn` eker~d?’

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 2 A. iudc jsoHdfjz uQ<Ou!"kkaofiak r;akmd,"iSudiys; f,alayjqia bkafjiagzukagz iud.u"fld<U"1986' B.oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25'03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 3 wuzud wmamd ke;s uqje;a;s"iqOrAud chiQrsh"oskusK fikiqrdod"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03'2005" 19 msgqj'

648

elA`By vnAhF ak=slm>L t=enn Ek ak=sl m>Lykf.ak=sly yn< sfet s[nsFmkrA sft

emehyvFemZ k=sltAvy rhftyn<yf.h[kfyAv rhftbv yn<yf.p&ANGAtyx,adttAdAnyx,kAm

mfTYAcAryx ihtd[kv> v[rdf sterhf eyAm< krvFm yn kr[N< ps vnAhF ekenk=eg sfet

s[nsFm n[tfkrlFmx eht=vn kr[Nk b[vfn` ak=slm>Lykfn` p&Bvv>vkf.1emyfn` p[h[dflfvnèn

ekenk= sdAcAr p&Qptfy vVeyn s[lekn smAjp&tfmAny vVeyn s[lekn smAj p&tfmA

ny ehvt p^cVFlp&tfpdAv kwkfrFmx ivhlvn>ey vfSm cftt s^klpynèg blp{m bvyf.

emhfdf vfSm s^klpy els blpA a[tèt` elA`By ehvt asFmft aAVAvyf.

an<neg jFvftvlx vwA d[wfels tmAeg jFvftyx aAVAkfrFmt tmAeg jFvfty pvt`vAegn

yAm pfNfs an<neg jFvt`vFemZ a[tfayftfy E` sHdhA uz\rA g[nFmx eht=evyf.emZ p&NGAtyx

eht=vyf.2m@dK >d;h ia:r follska hqla;h m<uqj wkHhkaf.a cSjs; whs;sh fkd;ld yerSuhs.

fyj;a wkHhkaf.a cSjs;j,g oevs wka;drhlr jkakdjQ l@shdj, ksr;jSuhs.fuz uZ.ska m@dK >d;h

is|= jSug wjYH lrkakdjQ jgdmsgdj iuzmdokh flfrA.fojk ia:rh jkdyS iDcqju wkHhkaf.a

cSj;ajSfuz ksoyi W|=rd oeuSuhs fulS fowxYh uZ.skau m@dK >d;h YsCIdmoh is|=fjz.

an<n st=vst=v eker~ d[wfelA`B sftìpfdvFm an<nst=vst=v tmnst=krg[nFmx eht=vyf.3

emy adt`tA dAnyyf.ehvt` esArkmyf.4;ukaf.a csjs;h mj;ajd .ekSug iq|=iq fohla Wmhd.ekSu

g ;uka jer jEhfuka l@shdfldg hula idOdrK f,i yuznl< hq;h.;ukaf.a csjs;h mj;ajd

.ekSu msKsi wkqka jerjEhfuka yuznl<djQ fohla whqla;s iy.;f,i jxpdiy.;f,i widOdrK

f,i W|=rd .ekSu w;sYhskau fkdukd fohls.iudc jsfrdaOs idyisl l@shdjls kS;sh uZ.ska fuhg

oZvqjuz ,efnkjdg wu;rj ;ukaf.a yDo YdCIsfhkao oZvqjuz jsZoskakg is|=fjz.fujka jerosj,

fhfokakkag csjs;fha lsis osfkl udkisl i;glska l,af.jsh fkdyel.ksrka;rfhka ;ud lrk,o

jro fya;fjka ksrka;r mSvdjlska hq;j iudcfhys osjs f.jSug funZ|= mqoa.,hkag is|=fjz.

;uka lrk ,o jrog iq|=iq oZvqju ksrka;rfhka ;udj ,qyqnZos;shs ielfhka l,af.jkakg is|=jSu

ksid fuznZ|= mqoa.,fhda iudcfhys miqjkafka ksrka;rfhkau nsfhks ;udj lskuz fudfyd;l fyda

yiqfj;shs oevs f,i nsfhka miqjSu ksid cSjs;fha lsis osfkl ysf;a i;fgka miqjsh yels fkdfjz.

wkqka lrkq ,nkakdjQ fkdfhla jeros iZoydo ;udj iel lrkafkl njg m;ajSfuka ;j w;lska

fmf<kafkl njg m;afjz.funZ|= flfkl mjik jpkh iudcfhys fndfyda fofkla fkdms<s.kakd

;ekg m;ajSu ksid iudcfhka fldkajSu ksrdhdifhka we;sfjz.jeo.;a Wiia W.;a iudchg fkd

jeoaod.; hq; mqoal,fhl fldg ;elSu ksid cSjs;fha lsis osfkl fydZo wjjdo fydZo Wmfoia fkd

,nkafkl jS wjik b;du;a |=laLs;fhl jS w;sYh fLzockl urKhlg Wreuluz lshkafkl njg

m;afjhs.

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;ùqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' 377-343 msgq mdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;s 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s…. 4 tu woskakuzms wdosh;swoskakuzms wdosh;swoskakuzms wdosh;swoskakuzms wdosh;s

649

spr~VkAmy eker~ pmNikmvA d[wfels gfj<vFm an<n st=

spr~V kAmmy vst+n` ekern tmn kAms^tRptfy l[bFm

sHdhA ekenk= eyAm<vFmx eht=kArNAvn s^sfdDfykf.emZ krN

ekAx egn d[wf elA`BF ecZtnA evn p<dgleyA` prdAresvny

sfz\ krtf.1 mrodr fiajkh hk lreK ia:r follska hq;`j

l@shd;aul flfrA m<uq foh jkqfha fuz uZ.ska mjq,a ixia:dj i;`

jsOsu;a Ndjhg ydks is|= lsrSuhs fojk ia:rrh jkqfha wkshuska

fyj;a jl@dldrfhka ta iZoyd Wojzfokafkl f,i l@shd lsrSuhs.

fyj;a ta iZoyd wkshuzf,i bv m@ia:dj ,efnk mrsos ls@shdlsrSuhs.

ke;fyd;a fjk;a whg ta iZoyd bv m@ia;djkdj ,efnk mrsos ;uka

[email protected];a mqZM,a mrsos mrodr fiajkh hk YsCIdmoh

ms<snZoj idlpzPd l<fyd;a fulS ia:r fol ms<snZoju wjOdkh

fhduql< hq;fjz .

d[wf elA`Beyn` y<t=v tmnkrnnAv> mfcZCAp[v[t`mn`

an<negn sHgvA t[bFemZ uvmnAevn E`vA tmn enAkLbv kFm

eht=evn m<sAvAdy n[m[tf smAj p&tfmAny kwkfrFm

sfz\ker~.2tmA krn vredhf brptlkm aw<vFmx, Ey

sAmAnYkrNy kfrFmx anYynd tmAemnm emZ v[rdf sfz\krn

ehyfn` emZvA v[rdf enAv uss nvFn smAjyp^tFnx a[t=HPvFmx p&evZVyn`vn sAmAnY k&fyA

b[vZ epn`vFmx ebAehAednA d[wfelA`B shgt cftteyn y<t=vk&fyA krtf.ov<n` E` sHdhA

upk&mykèls BAvftAkrn< lbnen an<n`d tmnelsm v[rdfkfrFm sHdhA epLMvFmyf.3 emy

v[rdfkrn ebAehA p<dglynèg s<vfeVSF crft lOSNykf.emelsvFmx eht=v,tmn

vrdkekAx as<v>vt ar asvl ayt` emZ vrdmtmA krnen y[yf pvsA a[HgebZrA g[nFemZ

mt=blAepAerAtt= shftv emAv<n` emZ ay<rfn an<nd tmAemnm v[rdf kfrFmx epALMvtf.emZ

nfsA b<z\rz\n` kAlAm v[sfyn`x epnvAedn< l[b<evZ p^cVFlp&tfpdAevn` d[k evn smAjp&tfmAn

ps kwkfrFmx sRj<vm vfSm menAm>Lfk s^klpyk`v> elA`By eht=vn bvyf.4

in ant=r[v devZSy n[m[tf ak=slm>Ly eht=ekAxegn smAjp&tfmAn rAm<v els

s[lekn p^cVFl p&tfpdAv kwvn ay<r[ kAlAm s>t&eydF kAlAm v[sfyn`x epnvAedn< l[b<evZ

pht d[kevn prfdednf.5

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;ùqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uqidms NK;suqidms NK;suqidms NK;suqidms NK;s 3 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 4 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhx WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhx WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhx WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; 5 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh Nkaf;wys;dh Nkaf;

650 ‘kAlAmeynf devZSeyn` y<ktv> emZ p<r[Sp<dgletm vnAhF devZSyvfsfn` mwnAlded

hAtpsfn` vfnAVkrn sftà[tet st=nmryf esArkmZd kryf prdArAvnkrAd yyf ebAr[dkfyyf

yemk=x dFG%kAlyk` ahftpfNfs z\k`pfNfsevZd anYyAd E`b[vZ pfNfs smAdnèker~d?’1

devZSy yn< ak=slm>L t&ftveyn` edvn ak=slm>Lyyf2.elA`By emnm devZSeynd sfz\evn<

ey yTAr~Ty d[kgtenAh[kfvn prfdedn sftk[LMFmx pt` krlFmyf.devZSy g[xFmx h[pFmx

t=w<ed.ap&fy amnAp ynlOSNeyn` hxgnF.ehAHd sArvtedyk`v<vt ap&fy amnAp elsfn BAr

g[nFm devZSey lOSNyyf.Eesm ek&A`Dy,trhv,kfpFm v[nfaAGAtynx t=w<edn k&fyAvn`

ebAehAmykeg menAm>L vfSm s^klpy vn>ey devZSyyf.emhfdF m>Lfk smAj sdAcArp&Qptfy

elsfn` s[lekn p^cVFly smAj p&tfmAnyk` elsfn` kwkfrFmx lk`vn>ey emkF devZSy n[m[tf

vfSmmenAm>L s^klpy eht=ekAx egnb[vZ kAlAms>t& eydF b<z\rz\n` kAlAmv[sfyn`x phdA

edtf.3

an<neg jFvt`vFemZ a[tf ayftfy,tmAeg jFvt`vFemZa[tf ayftfy evn<evn uz\rAgnen devZSy

m>Lfk vFemnf.emhfdF an<neg` jFvtvFemZ a[tf ayftfyx devZSkfrFmt tmAeg jFvt`vFemZ a[tfayftfy

x bADAvk` els Ey devZSeyny<t=v upklpnykfrFmt` p&ANGAty n[m[tf pLm< smAjmy

p&tfmAny bfHdd[mFmx ivhlevZ.4

an<neg a[tf vst=v tmnega[tf nfr~Dn BAvyx sAepOSkekAx klpnAkfrFm nfsA

devZSy phL evZ.an<nst= vst=v tmnst=krg[nFemZ devZSshgt sft=vfllk` updfyf.esArkm

n[m[tf edvn smAj p&tfmAny emZ ay<rfn devZSy pAdkekAx egn p<dglyA atfn

bfHdd[emnbv kAlAm v[sfyn`x b<z\h< epnvAedtf.5

an<n tmAst=va[tf kAmsmZpt` mHgfn DAr~mfkels kAms^tRptfy l[bFmt` anYyn tmneg

k=x<mZB jFvfty nfrr~b<dv gtkfrFmt tmAeg jFvfty hA jFvnp[v[tm hA ssHdAbln`nAv>

p<dglyA an<n eker~ devZSeyn m<LAvxptèvyf.6Ees devZSeyn` m<LAvx ptv> p<dglyA

an<nst= kAmsmZpt ekern tmA kAms^tRptfy l[bFmx eyAm<evyf.7an<nèg k=x<mZBs^sTAvx

devZSshgt sftfn` y<t=v eddrAy[vFmx sftAmtAm kxy<t= kryf.emZay<rfn devZSy pAdkekAx

egn a[t[mZ p<dgleyA kAm 8mfTYAcAry n[m[tf edvn smAj p&tfmAny kwkfrFmx epLeMn

bv b<z\h< vdArtf.9

1 tu |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s ps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s ps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s ps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLhd;swys;dh |=laLhd;swys;dh |=laLhd;swys;dh |=laLhd;s 2 tu 3 tu 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' mdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;s 5 tu woskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;s 6 ksisu ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd" uxi,"oskusK wZ.yrejdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U"22' 03' 2005' 25 msgqj' 7 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03' 2005' 3 msgqj' 8 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 9 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq'

651

an<nvfSeyhf ihtkF v[rdfkrnnAv> p<dglyA atfn

smAj p&tfmAn t=nk bfHdd[emyf.smAj p&tfmAn bfHddmn`nAv>

p<dglyA ekerhf smAjy andr els k&fyA kryf.oh<eg

sAmAjfk ayftfvA sfkmZ oh<x ahfmfkrn< lbyf. emZeht=evn

bfyx hA k[LMFmx pt`vn vrdkArF t[n[tetA

devZSeyny<t=v tmn Ebn`dkkeL n[t[yf astYy

pvstf.Em p<dgleyA` astYy vcny mHgfn an<n

rvxnen devZS shgt ecZtnAv eprd[rf kregny.

emZmHgfn strvn smAj p&tfmAn kwkfrFmv> m<sAvAdy

ehvt ebAr[kFm nm[tf sdAcArvferADf k&fyAv sfz\ eker~.

emZay<rfn p&ANGAty,adt`tAdAny,kAmmfTYAcAry1 hA

m<sAvAdy ynstrv[d{r[mZ smAj p&tfmAnyn` bfHdfn`nAv>

kwkrnnAv> p<dgleyA` an<n smAj p&tfmAn aArOSAkr

s[ptx hA kFr~tfyx pt`vFmt` tmn smAjp&tfmAn

kwekAx z\kx nfn`dAvx pt`vFmt devZSeyn` y<t=v

emenhfekAx an<neg sft`d z|SY ekAx ov<n` lbn`nAv>

s[ptfn` hA kFr~tfeyn ov<n` pfrfhFmx pt`krvFmx devZS

shgtv sftA s[ls<mZ shgtv upk&mVFlFv an<nd tmA

krnnAv> smAj p&tfmAn bfHdd[mFemZ k&fyAvlfyx Ek`kr g[nFmx hA EvAeyhfm nfrtkrvFmx

ut`sAh drtf.evr drtf.2epALMvn`nA p&tfvfr[dD lf^gfkeyk=nmZ epALMvn< lbn p<dglyAeg`

VR^gArAtmk h[HgFmZ k=HPgnvA3ehA emkF epLMvFemZ k&fyAvlfy sAr~Tk krg[nFmx ov<h<

ut`sh drtf.fuz iZoyd jpkh m@fhdackh .kakd ;eke;a;ka fyda ;eke;a;shka b;du;a ishquzf,i ta

iZoyd wkqm@di rih lZM.kajk oajsFj(Double Meanind Words);@s;aj(Trible Meaning Words)yd

nyqjsO wF:! we;s(Multiply Meaning Words)ryia ,sx.sl wdrdOkdjka iys; bZ.sj,ska msreKq

f;areuz iys; jpkhka idudkH jpk iuZ.u wkawhg fkdf;afrk f,i ;ukag wjYH whyg

muKla wre;a .ekafjk f,i jrskajr f;m,uska ;ukaf.a wNsudrA: idOkfhys,d

;;amrfj;s.sfy<mZels devZS shgt els kLs[ls<mZ t=lfn` an<nd tmAeg smAj p&tfmAn

bfHdd[mFemZ s[ls<mZshgt k&fyAv lfyx ekAx<kr g[nFm ehA EeskfrFmx ut`shg[nFm sfz\krtf.4

emZmHgfn devZSy pAdkekAx egn psvn smAjp&tfmny bfHdd[mFmx smhrp<dgleyA` iht

sdhn aAkAreyn k&fyA krn bv kAlAm v[sfyn`x emZay<rfn` b<z\h< p[h[dflfkredtf.5

1 A. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' B.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh"j;ai,d tuz'fldvsldr"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"97-129msgq' 2 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03' 2005' 3 msgqj' 3 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 4 tu 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;dmq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;dmq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;dmq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms a mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms a mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms a mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;sNK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;sNK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;sNK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s

652

ant=r[v b<z\h< emAhyn[m[tf t=n`vn ak=slm>Ly eh`t=ekAxegn p&tfmAn rAm<v els

s[lekn p^cVFlp&tfpdAv kwvn ay<r[ kAlAms>t&eyhfdF kAlA mv[sfynx epnvAedn< l[b<evZ

phtd[kevn prfdednf.1

‘kAlAmeynf,emAheyny<k`tv> emZ p<r[Sp<dgletm vnAhF emAhyvfsfn` mwnAlded hAtpsfn

vfnAVkrn sfta[tèt st=nd mryf.esArkmZd kryf.prdArAvn krAd yyf.ebAr[d kfyyf. yemk=

x dFG% kAlyk` ahftpfNfs z\k`pfNfs evZd anYyAd E`b[vZ pfNfs smAdn` eker~d?’

emAhy yn< ak=slm>Lt=enn etvn hA avsAn ak=slm>Lyyf.2emA`hymHgfn stYy v[sFyAm

sfz\evZ.ess<ak=slm>L edkvn elAByx hA devZSyx eht=kArNAvnend emAhy eht=evn

n<vN m<vhvFmyf.emy itAmsfy<mZ ak=slm<Lykf.Eb[vfn` emm k=slm>Ly k&fyAt`mkvFemn sfz\kr

n`nAv> smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFmZ nfv[rdfv hHz\nAg[nFmx aphs<y.sft ymZkfsf dRSXfshgtedyk

ELMg[nFm sfz\vn>eyd emA`hyn[m[tf mAnsfkaAvRtbv a[tfkrn menAm>Lfk Dm%tAvy nffsAy.

jrA;udk ld,fhys cSj;ajk udkjhd osfkka osk wd;audrA:lduS nfjka wka;hgu hkq olakg

,efnz';ukaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh ,nd.ekSu msKsi wkqkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh W,a,x>kh

krnnAv>p<dgleyA` E`k&fyAv sADArNFykrNykfrFm pfnfs vfvfD mtvAdynèg s^klpynèg

aAgmfk hA dr~VnvAdynèg pfhfxpttf.3rs tRSNAv s^sfHdvFmpfNfst` tmAeg jFvt`vFmx

avVYaAhAry lbA g[nFm pfNfst` m<slfmZ Bk`tfkeyA‘hlAl’n[m[tfk&myx krn s#vGAtny

an<mtkrtf.s#v GAtny hf^sAkArFk&fyAvk`bv m<slfmZdhemZ epnvAdFtfb<Nt` pV`cAtkAlFnv

ov<n` vfsfn`m aAgmfk s^klpvlx rf^gvAgnnAld ov<neg`k&fyAvn` an<mt krvAgnnA lddAv>

ymZymZ s^klp hA a#T%kTn aADAr kregn ov<h< s#v GAtny Ek`trA vtpfLfevt` pfrFm

kfn ant=r[vsfz\kfrFm pfLfgnftf.hf$z\Dm%eyd b&h`myA evn<evn` krnnAv> yAgsHdhA dsdhsgN

nk st=n`mrAkrn bflfp>jA aAgmfk kxy<ttkes EdA BArtFy smAjyvfsfn` s[lkfnf.GAtny

pfNfs eyAdAgn`nA s#vvg%y mt emkF yAg egAèmZD ehA` aV`vemZD nmfn` aAgmfk g&$Tvl

h[Hdfnvfnf.EpmNk` enAv p<r[SemZD nmfn` h[Hdfnèvn mfnfs<n` itAvf VAl s^KYAvk` mrAkrn

nAv> dr[N<gNey bflfp<jAvn` pvA ov<neg aAgmfk g&$Tvl svr~ggAmFvFm pfNfskLy<t=v>

pfn`kmZelsx hHz\nvAdFtfbfNf.4

emZvAx vfr[dDv EdA jFvmAnv v[wsfxf b<z\rz\n` kLAv> mtvAdFmy argly pfLfbHd p<vt` epL

dhmt=L itAvfVAlels an`tr~gtevZ.un`vhnes b<z\vFmx epr sfdDAT%tv<sv sfxfnAvsTAevhf

pvA iht dkvnld mZelcZC GAtnvlx vfr[dDv k&fyAkLesk.evZdnfymy an<v vfsAlA mh

1 tu ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nwys;dh Nwys;dh Nwys;dh Nkaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s kaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s kaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s kaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dhwoskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dhwoskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dhwoskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s 2 tu 3 oS' ks' 1 iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 96 msgqj' kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s iF:d |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s iF:d |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s iF:d |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s iF:d Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mrxp f,dalx ihx Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mrxp f,dalx ihx Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mrxp f,dalx ihx Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mrxp f,dalx ihx wNsZ[aZwNsZ[aZwNsZ[aZwNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s 4 ;@smsglfhys ixialD;sl ,CIK" ;,,af,a Ouzudkkao ysus"iuhjO!k uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1980"105-116 msgq'

653n<vr aslv>edvAleyhf bfmZbfsAr rj<x aAVfr~vAdptA sfz\krnnx nfymv p[vtf embHz\ mZelcZC

yAgyk` ebADfs#vyn`vhnès eg` m[dfhtvFm eht=ekAxegn nvtAd[mFmx sfz\vFm emyx Ek

nfds<nkf.1BArdvAj bm<NA smHg kL mtvAdFmy arglyd Eyfn` s<p&kx tvt nfds<nkf.emZ

ay<rfn` mtvAdFmy kr[Nk` ehA dRSXfmy kr[Nk` ek$z& ekAxegn smAjp&tfmAnyn atr

pLm<evnf p&tfmAnyvn p&ANGAty sfz\kfrFm emAhyn[m[tf ak=slm>Ly eh`t=ekAxegn sfz\

vnnAv> edykels pfLfg[en.2emA`hyyn< vfSm menAm>L s^klpykf. Ey ek$z&kregn Ey

pdnmZkregn pLm<v[nf smAjp&tfmAny bfHdd[mFmx p<dgleyk= eyAm<vFemZ s^sfdDfy kAlAm

s>t&eyhf mnAv idfrfptèkAx tfebZ.

an<nst= edpLhfmfkmZ pfLfbHd mtvAdy dRSXfshgtv sftAbln a[t[mZednA ov<n EkFedpL

hrfhmZbkrtfebn<ey ay<t=shgtels ay<k`tfshgtels asADArNels z\ppt`(nfr~Dn)jntAv

s>rAkA ov<nèg lABy atfrfk`tykekAx V&ms>rAk{m mHgfn` atpt`krgnnAld ecUrv> Dnyk

bvt` E`nfsA E`Dny kfsfymZ k&mykfnlbAg[nFm sADArNFkrNyekAx EvA tmneg ehA an<n`

eg p&eyA`jnypfNfs esArkmZkLAx vrdkn[t[yf upklpnyekAx esArkemZnfrtvFm emAhy

n[m[tf vfSmcft`t s^klpy eh`t=ekAxegn aAvrNyv> mnsfn` edvn smAjp&tfmAny kwkfrFm

v> adt`tAdAneyhf eydFmnmZevZ.3 ebAehAvfx ov<n esArkmZkrgnnAld Dny z\ppt`jnyAx

ebdAdfyh[kfy.gfln<n`sHdhA aAerAgYVAlA anATnfvAs v[wfhfxfnfvAs p<nr[t`TApn mDYsTAn

BAvnAmDYsTAn aAgmfksTAn egAwn[^vFmsHdhA v[ykrn<dkfn ebAehAjnyAd ov<nèg Em

k&fyA an<mtkrnvA vfyh[kfyf.emyfn Em esArkm krn<lbnp<dglyn`x tvtvt an<bll[bFmx

ov<nèg k&fyAvn sAmAnY mhjntAv an<mtkr n<l[bFm eh`t=vkèvZ.smhrvfx ov<n` smAjy

pFwnyx Eerhf vferA`DAklpFymt drn`nnatr vFrtvykfn slkn<l[bFmxd sAmAnY mhjntA

vevtfn lbn`nA v> emkF vfeVS s[lkfll aADArevZ.a[t[mZvfx ov<n` smAjp&tfmAnyk bfHddmn<

l[b<vt` ov<n`krn<lbnèn y<gey avVYtAvyn elsfn`sLkA ov<n` smAjy vfsfn`m ehAHdp<dgl

yn` els pfLfgn< l[bFmdd[kfyh[kfy.lk`dfv nfdhslbn`nx epry<gey aDfrAjYvAdF pAlny<g

p[vtfvkvAn<vldF z\r~dAn`taANw<kArvr[ s[h[sfels emrxpAlnykL y<gvldF ihtkF aAkAr

eyn kxy<t=kLAv> p<dglyn` pflfbHdvd emrx sAmAnYjntAv dkvAa[tèt`d yxd[kv> aAkAr

ey s<bvAdF h[HgFmkf.ov<h< jntAvAdF p<dglyn` els sAmAnYjntAv sftnnx epLMF a[t.

kAlAm s>t&eydF b<z\rz\n` epnvAedn<ey emZaAkAreyn p<dgleyk` esArkmZ kfrFmyn edvn

smAj p&tfmAny bfHdd[mFmx epLeMnèn emAhyn[m[tf vfSm menA`m>L s^klpy eh`t=kregn

bvyf.iht dkvnld ay<rfn tmnsfz\krnen v[rdk&fyAvkbv E`p<dglyApvA smAjypvA enA

h[HdfnFmx eht=v emAhy itA sfy<mZ menAm<L Dm%tAvykb[vfnf.4Eb[vfn` emAhy ek$z&ekAx

krnsmAj p&tfmAn bfHdd[mFmZ v[rdfels s[lkFmxpvA Eykrn p<dglyApmNk` enAvoh< vxA

sfxfn anYeyAd aepAehAstevtf.nm<t smAjp&tfmAn bfHdd[mFmx eht=vn b[vfn` emAhy

vfSmm>L s^klpyk` b[vZ thv<r[evZ.

1 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h"n<kaf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus"iuhjO!k uq|@Kd,h" fld<U"1986"37-38 msgq' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiuq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiuq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiuq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;smq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;smq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;smq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s…. 3 tu woskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;s 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[;x lsx uZ[aZ[;x lsx uZ[aZ[;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda : ld,dud fudafyda : ld,dud fudafyda : ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$

654

anYyn tmAeg k=x<mZBs^rOSNykrmfn` nfr~bADfk pv<ljFvftyk` gtkfrFm ekerhf dRSXf

shgtv ‘emAhy’yn vfSmmenAm>L s^klpeyn` mAnsfkaAvRt bvkfn y<t=v s[lkFmnfsA

tmnx hfmfenAvn kAmvst+nekerhf spr~VkAm s^tRptfyl[bFmx t[tkfrFm sfz\evZ.1emZmHgfn

t=nvn smAjp&tfmAny kw kfrFm kAmmfTYAcAry ehvt prdAresvny sfz\evZ.2smAjey k=wAm

E`kky pv<lvn nfsAt` Ey ek`$z& ekAxegn smst smAjym p&tfnfr~mANyvF a[tfnfsAt` ymZ

kfsf smAj pdDtfyk itA evZgeyn pv<ln[m[tf smAjE`kky bfHdv[xFmkxt=w< ednen`nmZ Em

smAjpdDtfyd itAsFG&eyn` bfHdv[xFmx t=w< edyf.3rxk sArDm%pfrfhFyAmx fukau rexhf smHgfy,

sdAcAry pfrfhFyAmx p&DAntm eht=v emm pv<ln[m[tf smAjE`kky eddrAyAmyf.4

rgl idrOrAu iq/lSug tu rfgys fjfik l, ia;@Ska jsIfhys trg idudkH ck iudch olajk

f.#rjKSh wdl,amh fya;jk nejs mejish yel.ldu us:Hdpdrh we;sjkafka fuu f.#rjKSh

wdl,amh nsZo negSu ksid nj iudc jsoHdZ{fhda lreKq olaj;s'jcAjFnèg sptaprfhAnF Dm%setn

Ekkels d d[kèvnen kAmmfTYAcAreyn v[LkFmyn kArNyxm ayt`vn‘k=lst&Fnèkerhf

mnAv pfLf p[dFm’yn kArNyyf.5emy vr~tmAney pvA eprdfgemnm bxhfrs^skRtfeyd

Ehfs^skRtfk hryn m[nb[lFm sHdhA ymZkfsf nfr~NAykyk` elsd BAvftAkrn<

l[ebZ.aAvRts^skRtfyk` pArmZprfk sArDm%pdDtffyk` a[t[yf s[lekn cFney gt v>

vsrkFpyt=L Ekz\ st&Fz|SNyk`v t vAr~tAvF n[tfbv p[ves.ebAehAvfx kAm mfTYAcAryx

eht=vn emAhyn[m[tf6 vfSm menA m<L s^klpy jntAveg mnsx a[t=HPvn p&DAntm

k&myvn<ey n>tney vANfjY aADfptYy mHgfn` pAlnyvn nfdhs vfdY<t`mADY s^skRtfyb[vZ

iDcqju p[vsfyh[kfy.7

1ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03' 2005' 17 msgqj' 2 A.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh'j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" 145-153 msgq' B. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 3 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"uxi,"oskusK wZ.yrejdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U" 22' 03' 2005" 25 msgqj' 4 tu 5 oS' ks' uydmrsksnzndK iq;a;" nq' c' uq'" 112-116 msgq' i wNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,dwNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,dwNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,dwNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,d ii iu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdkaiu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdkaiu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdkaiu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdka;s;s;s;s iii wmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;swmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;swmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;swmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;s iv fh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;sfh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;sfh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;sfh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;s v hd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;shd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;shd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;shd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;s vi hdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fpj ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;hdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fpj ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;hdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fpj ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;hdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fpj ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;smQfcka;smQfcka;smQfcka;s vii wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d 6 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud fudfyda fudfyda fudfyda fudfyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; 7 kqU kdvka fojodis"uq;ùqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj'

655 kAmmfTYAcAryx eht=vnèn emAhy enAv elA`By b[vZ ekenk=x sftfy h[kfyf.nm<t sfy<mZv

prFOSAkrb[l>kL EyEesenAvnbv epen.1esAtApn`n mAg% PllABF p<dglyA vfeV`Seynm

pspv< kfrFemhflA aBvYeykbv Dm%eyhfdk`vA tfebZ.2emZpsv<vlx kAmmfTYAcAry ayty.

esA`tApttf mAg%Pl lABfyA atfn` iht dkvnld ak=sly sfz\enAvFmx oh< p&hANykrnnAv>

ak=slsft` kver~d[yf esAyA b[lfy y<t=y.DmZms^gNFp&krNey d[kevnen` esAvAnmAg%eyn`

elA`Bm>lfk sftàexn sft`strk hA emAhm>lsftèdekn Ekkyn sftpsp&hFn krnbvyf.emkF

elA`B m>Lsft` htrxm vfeVSvn epAz\ lOSNynmZ Esft` strm dfxZXfgt smZp&y<k`t vFmyf.3

emAhsft vfcfkfcZCA smZp&y<k`t vFmyf.dfxZXfy hA vfcfkfcZCAv hxg[enn<ey emA`hy ek$z&kregn

yf.esA`tApttfmAg%eyn` emA`hy svlpvVeyn z\r[vn b[vfn Eèht=ekAxegn apAygAmFvFmx

eht=vn kAmmfTYcAryt,EkAmmfTYAcArey eydFmpfNfs p<dgl cft`tsn`tAney hxgnnAv>

aDfkkAmAVAvt itA svlpvVeyn ehA z\r[vFm sfz\vfyy<t=my.4

s<rApAnyv[nf mfnfsmns emAheyn hA asfhfeyn aAvRtttvyx pt`krnnAv> mtvn

s<HPed smAjey sFG&vYAptfyd kAmmfTYAcAry vD%nyx sRj<vm dAyktvyk` spyyf.5kAlAm

s>t&yt=lfn ehLfvn prdAresvnyx eht=vnz|Sft menAm>L s^klpyvn emAhynfsA smst

smAjp&tfmAny bfHdv[xFmxt=w<ednb[vZ p[h[dflfy.pv<l s^sTAv bfHdv[xFmxt` vfvfDp<dglyn` atfn

k=wAdr[vn lf^gfk6 apeyA`jnyx hA sAvdY aphrNyx lk`vFmxt mvZvr[ hA pfyvr[n eg

vfedVgtvFmd p&DAn sADkyk`vFa[t.7sfyll Dnymt pAlnykLh[kfy yn z|Sft emAhm>Lfk

menAs^klpy emyx eh`t=evZ.8bxhfrsfx emrxx p[mfeNn vfkRtfv> a[t[mZ cftts^klp hA

dr~VnvAdyn avfcArAtmkv v[LHdg[nFm eht=evn` Eyfn emA`hnyx ptv EvAyfn` smAjgt

krn<lbnd{ hA fj<Zo iudcfha wkq.@ylFjfhka ia;@S mqreIhka w;r md,khlska yd j.lSulska

f;drj is|=jk nfdhs eemT<nvfDFn`9 an`DAn<krNeyn` emrx s^skRtfyt=Ld k&fyAt`mkkfrFmx

yAm eht=evn svABAvfk mn<SY Dm%yk`v p[vt=n< p&tfvfr[dDlf^gfk s^tRptfy mt pdnmZv

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,duduQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,duduQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,duduQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;dmq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;dmq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;dmq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da a a a ….mrodruzms .pzP;smrodruzms .pzP;smrodruzms .pzP;smrodruzms .pzP;s….hx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;xhx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;xhx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;xhx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh |=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s 2 A i' ks' 11" mxpNhfjr iq;a;"nq' c' uq '108 msgqj' bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok iukakd.f;d fyd;siukakd.f;d fyd;siukakd.f;d fyd;siukakd.f;d fyd;s … Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok …. ixf> wfjpzpmamidfok ixf> wfjpzpmamidfok ixf> wfjpzpmamidfok ixf> wfjpzpmamidfok …. wrshldka; iSf,yswrshldka; iSf,yswrshldka; iSf,yswrshldka; iSf,ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s iukakd.f;d fyd;s iukakd.f;d fyd;s iukakd.f;d fyd;s … bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s B w' ks' 11" m;a;luzu iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 124 msgqj' l;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;sl;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;sl;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;sl;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrshidjfld wrshidjfld wrshidjfld wrshidjfld mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fmgsjsrf;d fmgsjsrf;d fmgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod yd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod yd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod yd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod 3 wNsOu!pJ|@sldj"ud;r Y@S Ou!jxY ysus" Y@S Ou!jxY .kdkqiaurK ix.uh" ud;r"1956"9 msgqj' wgzGOd f,dN wgzGOd f,dN wgzGOd f,dN wgzGOd f,dN uQ,dksuQ,dksuQ,dksuQ,dks----fodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;sfodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;sfodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;sfodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;s----owjdoid lì,d ishqxowjdoid lì,d ishqxowjdoid lì,d ishqxowjdoid lì,d ishqx 4 tu'13 msgqj 1 WfmlaLd iy.; jspslspzPd iuzmhq;a; ps;a;h 2 WfmlaLd iy.; WoaOpzp iuzmhq;a; ps;a;h

5 nqoaO Ou!h"udm,.u isrs fidusiair ysus"weuz' vS' .`kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"1962"56-58 msgq' 6 wuzud wmamd ke;s uqje;a;s"iqOrAud chiQrsh"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK fikiqrdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19'03'2005"19 msgqj' 7 A.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh"j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U" 2000" 149 msgqj' B. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 8 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;ùqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;am@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'032005'24 msgqj' 9 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK f.kiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03' 2005" 17 msgqj'

656dr[vn lbmfn` k&mAn>k+laAkAreyn emetk p[vetmfnaA y<gjFvfty pvA itAmvfkRtf hA

mAnsfkerAgFneg vfkArr{pF h[sfrFmZdkvA pfrfhF a[tfs[xf dknxl[ebZ.1

b<z\n`vhnes vfsfn` vfnynFtfrFtf p[NvFmx eht=vkekAx dkvAa[tf prfdf smAjey g=NDm%

pfrfhFmx dkvnld kr[N<atr‘bh<sRttAvy’ehvt d[nugtkmZ v[wfvFyAmd2 Ekeht=vk

vVeyn dkvA a[tet iht dkvnld aAkAreyn` vfvfDvfkArr{pF s^klpmt pdnmZv> vfkRtf

mAnsfk h[sfrFmZ rxA ebehvfn` dknx l[ebn<ey sAmAnY ugtkmkshft ihLpAntfk

an<kArkvAdF jntAv atr b[vfnf.tfy;a Tjqka fuzjd kjSk iudc iuzu; iqisrs;a f,i;a fuzjdg

jsreoaOjk idrOu! ms<snZoj is;k wmjeks wh kQ.;a fudav .eushka f,i;a |+m;a udkislFjfhka

hqla; f.da,ShlrK ixl,amhka fkdokakd ,sx ueZvshka f,i;a i<ld l@shdr;s.W.;alu prs; ixjrAO

kh;a iuZ.u tlg tlaj iudka;rj .ukal<hq; fohls.jsoHdprK iuzmkakNdjh jYfhka yeZoska

fjkafka jsoHdj prKmdCIsl jshhq;njhs.emZsfyHPm v[rdfvlx pAdkvn<ey emAhyn[m[tf dRSXf

eyn mns v[sFyAmyf.E` aAvRt mAnsfk mxZxmt=lfn` prdAr esvnyx eyAm<vFmyf.3fujekakkag

yqfola wkqluzmdlrkjd yer fjk lrkafka lulao$fujekakka wju ;ruska fojshkaj;a jsYajdi

lrkjd kuz fojshkaf.a msysgj;a m;kakg yelshdj ;snsKs.

emAhy n[m[tf vfSm menAm>Ls^klpey blp{m eh`t=ekAxegn p&ANGAtey adt`tAdAn

ey hA kAmmfTYAcArey eyeednnAv>p<dgleyA` tmnkrnnA v> vrd anYynx ehArrhes

sfz\krnbv klpnAekAx tmn kfsfdfenk EbHz\ k&fyAvl nfrtenAvnbv d[k`vFm sHdhA ebAr[

kFm n[m[tf strvn smAjp&tfmAny kwkryf.4emA`heyn m<lAvx pt`vn t[n[tet tmn

klAv> vrd an<nhx rhsk` enAv>vt tmn sfhfm<lAvF a[tfb[vfn` Ebv tmnx enAeter~.Ey

Eesehyfn` vrdkrt krt Eysfz\ enAkLAy[yf astYp[vsFmnfsA mn<SYyn` atr‘vcny’

pfLfbHd a[tfkregntfb<nAv> ymZymZ smZm<tFn` hA EkHgtvyn` emZ nfsA bfHdv[xFmkx lkevyf.

ebAr[kfyn`nAx kLenAh[kf ak=slyk` enAm[tfbv b<z\rcd Kn`vhnès vdArAa[tètd

emZnfsAy.b<z\vr[smZb$Deyn` a[tf Dm%tAvyk ehvt ebADfs#v p&tfmAN yk vn<ey

ssrebA`DfsmZBArp<rmfn s[rfsrnnAv> klp as^KY lOSgNnk` kAlyp<rA kfsfz\ aAt`m

BAvyk kfsfm aAkArykfn` ebADfs#vvr[ ebAr[vk`kfyA enAm[tfvFmyf.sfyHP ebA`Dfs#vvr[ mhA

stYvAdF nAmeyn h[Hdfnèvtf.

ymZkfsf p<dgleyk= p&ANGAtykryfd,adt`tAdAnykryfd,kAmmfTYAcAreyhf eyedyfd,Ees

E`vA enAkrtfyf m<sAvAd ebenyfd,oh< smAjp&tfmAn strkkw krnatr iht smAjp&tfmAn

kwkfrFm pfNfs oh< mt`p[n` shykrgnfyfd oh< tmAvm Em ak=slDm%yn`hf n[vt n[vt

smAdn`krgtetk bvx ptèvyf.5emhf smAdn`vnvA ynenhf et`r[m epALMvnvA yn`nyf.

tmAm tmAvm epALMvAgnen mt`p[n` epvFemn` sfhfy av<lkrg[nFmt=lfnf.ekenk tmn

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;ùqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U" 06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la Ke"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi," oskusK wZ.yrejdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 22' 03' 2005" 25 msgqj' 3 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<T" 19' 03' 2005" 17 msgqj' 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uqidms NK;s uqidms NK;s uqidms NK;s uqidms NK;s 5 nqoaO Ou!h"udm,.u isrs fidusiair ysus"weuz' vS' .`kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"1962"56-58 msgq'

657emAheyn m<LAvx p[mfN EkèkA elAkeyhf pfn`pv< lshd hula enAm[tfy.ekAehAmhfxfyt`

avsAney mrNy ur[mb[vfn` innAkAlyt=L a[tftAk sftx kyx enAmnAk&m vlfnehA

s^tRptfy lbAz\n`nd vrdk` n[tyyn aDr~mfSX s^klpnA eht= ekAxegn emAheyn mns

aAvrNykregn Eeht=evn anYyn`d tmAvd ihtkF v[rdfvlx eyAm< krvAg[nFmd

epALMvAg[nFmd psvn smAjp&tfmny bfHdd[mFm h[xfyx b<z\n`vhnes kAlAm s>t&eyhfdF kAlAm

v[sfyn`x dk`vtf.

emZ ay<rfn elA`B devZS hA emAh yn vfSm menAm>L s^klpt&ft`vy(ak=sl Dm%)eh`t=evn

p<dglyA atfn` m>LfksmAj p&tfmAnps bfHdd[emnaAkAry p[h[dflfkredn b<z\n`vhnes ILHgx

kAlAm v[sfyn`x phdAednèn aelA`B aedAs hA aemA`h yn sArDm%t&ft`vy(ak=slm>Lt=n)

eht=ekAxegn p<dglyA atfn` m>LfksmAjp&tfmAn ph aArOSAvn ay<r[yf.1kAlAm s>t&eydF

b<z\n` kAlAm v[sfyn`x aelA`Bn[m[tf sArDm%s^klpy eh`t=ekAxegn m>lfksmAjp&tfmAn

Dm%ph aArOSAvnaAkAry phdAedn<l[b>evZ emZ aAkAreynf.

‘kAlAmeynf,elA`Beyn` enAa[l<nAv> elA`Beyn` enAmwnA lddAv> vfnAVenAv>sftà[ttAv>

p<r[S p<dgletm st=n enAmryf.esArkmZ enAkryf.prdArAvn krAenAyyf.ebAr[ enAkfyyf.

ymk` oh<x ebAehAkAlyk` m<HPlelhf hfts[p pfNfs evyfnmZ Ehf anYyAd smAdn` krvyfd?’2

emZ aAkAreyn aelA`By n[m[tf menAm>lfk sArDm%s^klpy ehvt` k=slm>Ly aADYAt`mfkv

vD%ny krnnAv> p<dgleyA` E`mHgfn` pLm<v[nf smAjp&tfmAny vn prpN n[sFemn v[LkFemZ

VfOSA pdy aArOSAkrtf.3emy k=slm>Lyk` vnèn sft nfvFemZ h[kfyAevn ehvt k=VltAv

eyn y<k`t b[vfnf.EmnfsA aelABy mHgfn` sftnfvFemZ h[kfyAv a[tfb[vfn` E` upeyA`gF kregn

prpN n[sFemZdF E` pfNfs a[tfvn d[wf cfttevZgfk h[HgFmZ emZt=lfn` avmkrn< l[ebZ.EmnfsA

GAtnsft nfvFyyf.

ekenk tmAeg jFvt`vfemZ a[tf ayftfy aArOSAkfrFmxt tmAegjFvfty epA`SNy krg[nFmZ

vfSeyhft elABeyny<t=v krnnAv> prpNn[sFemZ aAdFnv d[k ymZkfsf p&QAsmZpn`n p<dgl

eyk emesklpnAkryf.emelAv vsnnAv> aenk sfyHPm st`vynèg jFvftt megjFvfty hA

smAnyf.mm megjFvftyx aAdrykrnvAesm ov<h<d ov<negjFvftvlx aAdrykrtf.E`nfsA mm

megjFvf ty pvt`vAegn yAmpfNfs evnekenk=eg` jFvt`vFemZ a[tfayftfy uz\rAgn en` a[yf?

Emels aelA`B evZtnAv epd[rfkregn emelAvjFvt`vn sfyHPm s#vvg%yAekerhf emt` hA

k=HPN<sft phdAegn ov<nèg jFvt`vFemZ ayftfy ov<n`xp&dAny kfrFm Ek`trAay<rkfn dAnyk`

dFmkf.Ey aBydAnyels a#T% d[k` evZ.dAnecZtnAv elABfecZtnAv a[tetk=x klenAh[kf

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,du iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d … w|=gzfGda mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsiamq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;d w|=gzfGda mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsiamq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;d w|=gzfGda mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsiamq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;d w|=gzfGda mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsiamq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;d … wuQ<wuQ<wuQ<wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yk;s k afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yk;s k afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yk;s k afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yk;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s iqLdhd;s iqLdhd;s iqLdhd;s 2 tu w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;daw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;daw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;daw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k k k k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;s 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,du iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' fkj mdKx yka;s fkj mdKx yka;s fkj mdKx yka;s fkj mdKx yka;s

658edykf.EmnfsA aelA`By yn sArDm% ecZtnAv a[tfkrgt p<dglyAatfn prpNn[sFemn

v[LkFm yn smAjp&tfmAny aArOSAvFm nfrntreyn`m sfz\evZ.1

aelA`By yn sArDm% s^klpy pAdkekAxegn smhrp<dgleyA` an<n` sn`tk vst=v hA

edpL esArsftfn mAeg p&eyA`jnypfNfs enAgnfmfyf adfxnèkAxegn an<n`st= vst=evZ ayftfy

pfLfbHd elA`BF ecZtnAv sftfn ivt` krgnftf.2emZmHgfn` ov<h< esArkmZ enAkfrFmyn edvn

smAjp&tfmAny aArOSA krtf.an<nvfsfn` itAz\kes hrfhmZbkL Dny ov<nèg` p&eyA`jnypfNfs

pvtFvA y[yf emt sh k=HPN< sftfn krnemm aAtmprftYAgy v>klF aelA`B sArDm% s^klpy

eprd[rfv sfz\kryf.3

anYyn ov<n`st= kAmvst+nekern DAr~mfk kAms^tRptfy lbt`vAyf an<n vfSeyhf a[tf

ayftfy ov<n`xm p&dAnykfrFmt` anYynst= kAmvst+nhf tRSNAkfrFm ath[rFmt4 aelA`By

n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy eprd[rfkregn aArOSAvn t=n`vn smAjp&tfmAnyvn prdAr

esvneyn v[LkFmyf.5kAm vst+n`hf a[tf atRptkr svBAvy krNekAxm ebAehAednA

tmbfrfHd ehA s[mfyAegn lbn DAr~mfk kAms^tRptfeyn pmNk` s{hFmkx ptènAevtf.6jsjy

ixia:dfjka mrsndysrj ;u ldu mji ixisZ|=jd .ekSug fjr oerSu iudc iuzu;hla muKgu uqZM

uy;a iudch fj,d me;sr hkakdjQ ms<sldjla njg m;aj we;.7

jsfYaIfhka mjq,a ixia:dj;, ujf.a yeisrSu yd wehf.a is;uz me;uz rgdj orejkaf.a yeisrSu yd

is;uz me;uz rgdj ilia lsrSfuys,d jsfYaIfhka jeo.;a ldrAhNdrhla bgqlrknj wOHdmk ufkda

jsoHdZ{hka mjd ms<sf.k we;s ldrKhls.mq;d mshdf.a fm#reIFj rgdj wkqlrKh lrkjd fiau

oshKsh ujf.a ishZM yeisrSuz yd mqre|= wkqlrKh lrkakSh.mq;d fiiq ldka;djka w.hkq ,nk usuzu

jkqfhao ish ujhs.fuz wkqj mjq,a ixia:dj;< ujf.a ldrAhNdrh b;d jeo.;a ia:dkhla w;am;a

lrf.k isgS.kuq;a fuu ldrAhNdrh bgqlsrSug jrA;udk ldka;dj iu;a jkafkao hk .egZMj

u;jkafka wehf.a w;ska tlS j.lSu .s,syS hdu fya;fjka Woa.; jkakdjQ iudc .egZMj,ska uqZM

uy;a iudch wdl~< jHdl~< ;;ajhla f.k we;s nejsks.

fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh kue;s lD;sfhysoS j;ai,d tuz fldvsldr olajkafka

ldka;dj jrAudkfhys fj<Zo iudch jsiska fufyhjkq ,nk fj<Zo WmlrKhl ;;ajhg uqo,a

f,da,Fjh fya;fjka ish leue;af;kau m;ajSu ksid uq|= ldreKsl ud;D;ajh wNsnjd ldka;d foayfha

udxYuh jsoydmEfuka jDoaOhkamjd oevsfia ldud;r lrjkakg jHdc yd uq.aO iu;aluz mEu;<ska

1 tu w,qoafOda mkdhx mq,qoafOda mkdhx mq,qoafOda mkdhx mq,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;srsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;srsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;srsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s 2 tu w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da … k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s 3 tu 4 tu k mrodrx .pzP;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k mrodrx .pzP;s 5 A.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy iud.u" fld<U" 2000" 149 msgqj' B. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq," tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 6 kqU kdvka foajodis uq;ùqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 06' 03' 2005"24 msgqj' 7 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d" fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr" oskusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj'

659weh ;ukaju yE,a,qlrf.k we;snjh.tfia kuz ujlf,i ia;@shg ;snQ m@;srEmh nsZo oukakg uq,ajS

l@shdlr ;sfnkqfha mqreIhd fkdj uqo,g wiSus; f,da,Fjh olajkakjQ ;j;a ldka;djkau nj fuhska

meyeos,s fjz.

mjq,l jqj;a fuz ;;ajh olakg ,efnz fndfydajsg ish NdrAhdjka yd oshKsjre kqiq|=iq YrSrh

fmfkk js,dis;d lrkjdg oevsfia jsreoaO jkafka mshjrejka jkw;r ujzjreka lrkafka ta fkd|=gQ

fkdweiQkaj fkd;ldyer ;ukaf.a iajdus mqreIhd wjjdo lrkafka ;uka ,iaikg isgskakg Tyq

BrAIHdlrk ksid hehs Tyqg kskaod wmydi foia fodfjd,a ;shd neKjefouskau ;ukaf.a iudc

;;ajhg yd jhig fkd,e<fmk js,dis;d lrk w;ru ;ukaf.a oshKsjreo tjka wixjr js,dis;d

lrkakg ;j;j;a fm<UjSuhs.fndafydajsg ;uka ;u oshKsjreka w;r ,dnd,jSug ;rZ.hl

fhfokakdla fuka js,dis;d lrk Wiauy;ajQ oshKsjreka isgsk ujzjreka jrA;udk iudcfhys

nyq,ju oel.; yelsh.fujka we;euz ujzjreka ysiflia fkdfhla jrAKhkaf.ka jrAKj;a lsrSu

ysiflia whka lsrSu jeksfoa lruska iajdus mqreIhd b;d |=lfia yrsyuzn lrk ;ukaf.a |=jd

orejkag jevs|=r wOHdmk lghq; msKsi wkd.;fhysoS jehlsrSu msksi b;relr ;enshhq; us<uqo,a

jeks foa kslrefka jshmeyeouz lr;s'1

ishZMu kjSk jsoHd;aul oshqKqj oekqu yd ;dCIKh w;ska fmdfydi;a hehs wKfnr .ik kuq;a

ta lsis;a myiqluz fkd;snQ Bkshd ldka;d jsuqla;sjdoSka jsiska ldka;dj jevjiuz iudcfha jy,shl

f,i .;lf,a hehs fmkajdfokq ,nkakdjQ w;S; iudcfha jqj;a iduzm@odhsl uj w;ska bgqjQ hq;luz

gslmjd jrA;udk f.da,ShlrK ixl,amiys; ldka;d jsuqla;slduS .DyKsh w;ska bgq fkdjkafka

wehs$jrA;udk ldka;dj wehg Wreu iduzm@odhsl ujz mojsfhka neyerg f.dia lghq; lsrSug reps

lrk ksido$ke;fyd;a mqreI mCIh iuZ. WfrkaWr .egS igka lsrSug ojfia ;ka;sia meh uqZM,af,a

wjs wfudrdf.k igk nsug msjsi isgsk wehg ;udf.a iduzm@odhsl hq;luz gsl bgq lsrSug wjYH

ld,h fkdue;sjSo$Husband & Boyfriend ( ieushd iy fmuzj;d ) hk ksoyia ngysr ixl,am

wkqlrKh weh ,nkakdjQ Bkshd ldka;d jsuqla;sho$

;u nsrsZo fyda ieushd mjd ;udf.a ,sx.sl jy,shl fyda jyf,l fldg i,ld Tyqg fyda wehg

ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka uy;a jOhla lrorhla ysrsyerhla jk muKgu wfkldf.a ldrAhnyq,

nj ksosnrnj jsvdm;anj frda.S iajNdjh .rANkS Ndjh Timafjzokd fkd;ld oevsf,i wd;audrA:

lduS wkaouska ,sx.sl ;Dma;sh ,nkakg;;u w;Dma;lrldumji ixisZ|=jd.ekSu iZoyd fjroerSuo

lduus:Hdpdrfha jevsfokd fkdolsk ;j;a uqyqKqjrls.2lgquzN ixlrCIKfhys fhfok ieushd ;ka

;sia meh uqZM,af,a oyosh j.rjuska lrkakdjQ fufyh weZ.hSug ,lafkdlrk nsrsZo Tyqf.ka fkd

,efnk wjOdkh yd ms<s.ekSu .egjrjsfha fl<sf,d,a fmuzjf;lf.ka ,nkakg ;e;alrk nsrsZoo

;u nsrsZof.ka ojfia lghq;j,ska jsvdm;ajk nsrsZof.ka fkd,efnk ldhsl yd udkisl WKqiu

fhdjqkajsfhys kEUq,a fmuzj;shlf.ka ,nkakg ;e;a lrk ieushdo lhska tla;ekl fjfi;;a is;ska

1 fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy iud.u" fld<U" 2000" 88-126 msgq' 2 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 19' 03' 2005" 17 msgqj'

660f.jkafka fjka fjkajQ cSjs;h.1jsjdyh hkq Tjqkaf.a wF:!l:kh wkqj yqfola f,dj rjgkq msKsi

lrk jHdc ujd mEula muKs.lvodishl ;nk,o yq|= w;aika folla muKs.fofokdu fofokdf.au

fujka ;;ajhka fydZoska oek oek;a .;lrkafka yqfola f,dlpdrs;@hla f,i muKla jQ jsjdyhls.

fofokdu fofokdf.au wkshuz iuznJO;dj,g Wkqka ndOdfkdlr .ksuska jHdc iuZ.shlska hq;j

cSj;afj;s.wkqka bosrsfhys w;sidrA:l f,i .;lrk nj ujdfmkajk kuq;a is;ska wmdhl cSj;ajk

fujka jsjdycSjs; fldmuKkuz fuz iudcfhys ;sfnzo$lduh kuz y,dy< jsIhlauh.ta oek muK

fkdblaujd ta miqmi yUd fkdh; hq;h.

pmN ik`mvA hA itAaVlFlels E` oses hMAyAmnfsA sfyehAHdnmx pvA k[l[l a[tfkr

gnF.2sfy smAj tt`vy pvAenAtkA tmnxvwA pht n<s<z\s< p<dglyn` smHg pvA tfrVcFn

aAkAreyn kAmsmZeBAgeyhf nfrtkrvFmx eyAgYels s#vyAeg mns skskrvFmx kAm

s^klpnAvn`x h[kfyAv a[t.3tfukau ;ek fkd;ek fkdn,d fj,dj wfjz,dj fkdn,d lduhkag

jiZ.jSu fya;fjka fndfyda fokd m@isoaOsfhau jeros yeisrSu lrd fhduqjkafka wkHhkaf.a oEia ;ud

fj; fhduqjS ;sfnkjd hehs jegySula mjd fkdue;sjh.;ukaf.a orejka mjd ;uka fhfokakdjQ jeros

yeisrSu ksid |=lg m;ajk nj;a jsfYaIfhkau lvd <orejkaf.a udkislFjh fuz ksid nsZo jefgk

nj;a tnZ|= orejka ;u foujzmshkaf.a jeros ksid iudch yuqfjz jsjsO kskaod wmydij,g ,lajk

nj;a fndfyda ujzjre l,amkd fkdlsrSu4 fya;fjka w;sW;uz ud;D;ajh mjd ks.rejk wjia:djlg

jrA;udk iudch m;ajS we;snj oskm;d mqj;am;aj, ks;r ks;r m<jk iq,N mqj;aj,ska fmfka.

;u;uka ryfia Nla;s jsZoskakdjQ mjq,a ixia:dfjka mrsndysr ;ykuz fm@auhka ms<snZoj fujekaks

hka ksrka;rfhka tlg tl;jS f;drf;daxpshla ke;sj fodvuZMjkakdjQ mdie,a yd <ore mdie,a5

wi, ;u orejka meusfKkf;la l,auruska isgskakdjQ ;ukaf.a lZMm. us;rshka iuZ. riuqiqlr

mejiSuksid th js,dis;djla lr wkq.ukh lrkakg is;k tfukau fuf;la ;uka fkd,;a w,q;a

w;aoelSula ;ukaf.a cSjs;hg tlalr .ekSug fuuZ.ska w,q;a wdYdjla we;slr .kakdjQ fydZo hym;a

cSjs; .;lrk Wiia W.;a6 jeo.;a wh;a bfnzu jeros yeisrSu lrd fhduqjSfuz m@jK;djhla yd

yels blaukska ms,shuz l<hq; jsYd, iudcuh wjodkula wo olakg ,efnz.7

/lshdjg hdfuz;a jsjsO iudcu h lgqh;j, ksr;jSfuz;a wjYH;djh ksid fudjqkaf.a ohdnr

iajdusjrekag ksrka;rfhka fuz ishZM lghq; ms<snZoj ksrka;rfhka wjOdkfhka isgSug fkdyelsjSu

fujeks yeisrSuzj, fhfok whg;a ta iZoyd fjk;a wh fmd<Uk whg;a uy;a /l,la jS ;sfnz.emZ

sfyHP ed sfz\vn`en` atRptf kr v> elA`By n[m[tf vfSm menAuQ< s^klpy nfsAy.emhf

1 ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"'tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 2 kqU kdvka foajodis" uq;`uqosf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 06' 03' 2005" 24 msgqj' 3 tu 4 ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq," tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 5 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d" fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr" oskusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 6 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 19' 03' 2005" 17 msgqj' 7 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d" fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr" oskusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj'

661aAdFnv klpnAkrn t[n[tèt aelA`By n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy sfysfet` a[tf kregn kAm

mfTYAcAreyn v[LkFmt=lfn` smAjey evesn s{m ednAxm nfrr~b<d smAjjFvftyk` gtkfrFemZ

ayftfy ov<nx p<dkrn< lbnèn evyf.emyd EktrA ay<rkfn` dAnyk dFmkevyf.EnmZ smAjey

k=wAm smAj E`kkyvn pv<l E`kky evt nfrr~b<d vfvAh s^sTAvk` gtkfrFemZ avsTAv

ov<n`x p&dAnykfrFmyf.1

an<n enA!vxFemZt stYvcny mt pfhfxAsfx kxy<t=kfrFemZt an<ssvx hA gnnA

p<dgleyA` aelA`By n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy ek`$z&gtekAxegn ebAr[kFemn v[LkFmyn

smAjp&tfmAny aArOSA krtf.ebAr[ kFemnv[LkFemn tmnekerhf smAjey anàyt=L

vfVvAsyk` egAwn[eHg.stYd[ng[nFemZ anYyn st=ayftfvAsfkmZ ov<n`x p&dAnykfrFmk` b[vfn

emyd dAnykf.2stYmt pfhfxA ymk yTAr~Ty avebA`DekAx E` an<v kxy<t=frFemZ ayftfy hA

vfvRt mnskfn` kxy<t=kfrFemZ ayftfvAsfkm smAjey evesn anYynx lbAdFmt=lfn m<sAvAdey

n` v[LkFm yn smAj p&tfmAny s<!ek.

Eemnm iht dkvnld smAjp&tfmAn strvn st=n enAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm,

prdArAvn krAenAy{m hA ebAr[enAkFm yn sfv<v[d{r[mZ smAj p&tfmAnyn` aArOSAkfrFmx

anYynd epLMvFm psvn smAjp&tfmAny aArOSAkfrFm els s[Lek`.3aelA`B sArDm% s^klp

nAv eprd[rfkregn smAj p&tfmAnyn aArOSAkrnnAv> p<dglyn` ekerhf smAjy dk`vn

DnAtmk p&tfcAry dkfn nvt ebAehAedenk ihtkF sdAcArsmZpn`n p<dglyA an<gmnyx

hA an<krNyx epLeMZ.4

emZ eht=evn EkF sdAcArsmZpn`n p<dglyA anfkàyvfsfn` tmnvfsfn` an<gmnykLy<t=

p<dgleyk=els s[LkFmpvA EkF sdAcArsmZ pnn p<dglyAeg psvn smAj p&tfmAny(p^cVFl

p&tfpdAevZ)s<r[kFmels s[lek`. ehvt emZeht=evn oh<atfn atfer~ksmAj p&tfmAnykvn

p^cVFlp&tfpdA evZ psvn smAjp&tfmAny vn anYynd ihtkF smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFemhf

lA epLMvFemZ smAjp&tfmAny oh<atfn` s<!ek. emyd smAjp&tfmAnykèls s[leknen

emZmHgfn ebAehAèdenk s<crftvAdFn`vFmx mAnsfkn[M<r[vk a[tfvn ehyfn` sh Ees n[M<r[vFm

t=lfn smst smAjeym sdAcArvD%nFy p&vNtAvyk` EmHgfn` epn`n<mZkrn b[vfnf.smAjey`

sdAcArvD%ny DnAtmkp[t`tx sfz\vn kr[NkdF Eyx an<bl lbAedn`nAv> k&fyA hA Ehf

k&fyAvn sfz\krnnAv> p<dglyn`d sdAcAr emehv<mZels s[lek`.

b<z\n`vhnes kAlAm s>t&eydF kAlAm v[sfyn`x epnvAedn ILHg sArDm% s^klpyvn

adevZSy5 hA k=slm>ly mHgfn` m>LfksmAjp&tfmAn m>LDm%ph aArOSAkrn aAkAry emesd[k`v>

esk.adevZSy yn< vYApAd rhftbvyf.ehvt eemt&Fshgt aAklpyyf.eemt&fyyn sArDm%

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 2 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 3 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' 5 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;

662s^klpy eh`t=evn m>LfksmAjp& tfmAn m>LDm%ph aArOSAvn andm epnvAz\n`en pht

d[k`evn aAkAreynf.1

‘kAlAmeynf,devZVeyn enAa[l<NAv>,devZVeyn enAmvwnA lddAv>,vfnAV enAv> sft

a[t`tAv>,p<r[S p<dgletm st=n enAmryf.esArkmZ enAkryf.prdArAvnkrA enAyyf.ebAr[

enAkfyyf.ymk` oh<x ebAehAkAlyk` m<HPlelhf hft s[p pfNfs evyfnmZ Ehf anYyAd smAdn

krvyfd?’2

emZ ay<rfn adevZSy ehvt eemt&fyyn menA`m<L sArDm%s^klpy eh`t= kregn mn<SYy

n` atfn` pLm<vn smAjp&tfmAny vn prpNn[sFemn v[LkFm yn smAjp&Qptfy aArOSA

evZ.3a[tetnm an<n vfnAVevZvA n[esvAyyf GAtncfn`tny ek$z&kregn prpNn[sFm hA

anYyn vfSeyhf hf^sAv sfz\ vn<eyd emkF devZS cft`ty tmAevt EllekAx g[nFm nfsAy.

ffu;@sh jevSfuysoS m<uqfldgu us;renj we;slr.; hq;f;a ;uka iuZ.uh'wd;au ysxikfhka

je<lSu fuys wruqKhs'emZnfsA eemt&fy nm[tf sArDm% s^klpy smAjyevt oelajSug m@:u

tmA eemt&fyp&tYOSekAx Ehf p&AeyA`gFk#vy at`d[k mYapd;ald,Skj iudch yd an<n`vfSeyhf

tmAeg i$z&fyyp&tYOSy t=lfn l[b<vAv> eemt&fy fhduqlr h[rFmyf.4

emZ aAkAreyn tmneg jFvftyx tmAp&fykrn andmfn` anYynd ov<n eg jFvftvlx

p&fykrn bvt E`nfsA ov<neg` jFvtvFemZ ayftfy s<!kfyy<t=bvt` vxhAgnF.tmA hA an<nyn

sFmAvd bfHddmA ILHg pfyvr t=LdF ehtm eemt&fy p&g=NkfrFm sHdhA avVYkrn m>Lfk awftAlm

oh<atfnd[emn<ey emZay<rfnf.wkHhkaf.a cSjs; jskdYlsrSfuka je<lSu muKla fkdj wkHhkaf.a

cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh iqrCIs; lsrSuo ;uka i; iudcuh j.lSfuys fldgilanj jgyd.ekSuo

jeo.;ah.5fuh ;ukau m@;HCIlr .ekSu b;du wjYHh flfkl mjik ksid fyda wd.usl

iuzm@odhhkays jsia;rjk ksid fyda fuz lreK tfiau hhs ms<s.ekSug jvd jeo.;a ldrKh kuz

luk wd.ul luk fohla tlS w.usl b.ekajSuzz f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enqj;a ;ukaf.a yDo YdCIshg

tlZ.j ukqIH cSjs;hl jgskdlu us<l< fkdyelsnj ;ukau ish m@;HCI oekqu wkqidrfhka

wjfndaOlr .ekSu nq|=iuh miihs.ffu;@sh mdol lr.kakd,o osjs meje;au uZ.ska ishZM iFj m@cdj

flfrys ys;j;anj yd Z[d;S;aj ixl,amh we;slr.kshs.6

1 tu w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;afw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;afw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;afw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k;da fkj mdKx yka;s k;da fkj mdKx yka;s k;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dhwoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dhwoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dhwoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;s 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dudw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dudw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dudw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmmqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmmqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmmqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx rshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx rshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx rshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 3 tu w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx yka;sw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx yka;sw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx yka;sw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx yka;s 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' iiii fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idjs.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idjs.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idjs.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----fmfmfmfm---- lreKd lreKd lreKd lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idiy.f;ak fpz;idiy.f;ak fpz;idiy.f;ak fpz;id---- uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id tWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id tWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id tWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d alx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d alx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d alx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;siy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;siy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;siy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 5 tu fkaj mdK yka;sfkaj mdK yka;sfkaj mdK yka;sfkaj mdK yka;s 6 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdad tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdad tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdad tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– fmfmfmfm---- lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s

663 f,dalfhys wd.usl ixl,amhka wkqj fuz ldrKh .;fyd;a we;euz wd.usl ixl,amhka wkqj jvd

jeo.;a jkafka ukqIH cSjs;h muKs.tajdg wkqj fiiq iFjhka we;af;a usksidf.a cSjs;h mj;ajd

.ekSu yd iqjodhsj mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsi jQ fuj,ul f,i Wmfhd.S lr.ekSug muKs.kuq;a

nq|=iuh ukqIH cSjs;h yd iudkju jgskdlula fiiq iFj cSjs; flfryso m@odkh fldg we;af;a

inzfnz i;a;d hkqfjka ukqIHhkao weZ;ZMj ishZMu cSjSka tlu iuia;hla f,i ie,lSu ;,sks.

an<n`st= edpL smZpt`,vst=v ynAdfeyhf nfrr~b<d prfhrNy anYynst=bv1 vxhA

gnnA ehtm eemt&fy pAdkkrgt sArDm%s^klpyn` oses sfy cyY%ApxfpAxfy sks kr

gnF.emZmHgfn` dvFtfy smAjp&tfmAnyvn esArkmZenAkfrFm ynkr[N oh< atfnix<evZ2.emZt=lfn`

bfys[k vfrhft smAjvxA pfxAvk` an<n` hxnfr~mANy kredyf.an<n`st= edvlx Ir~SYAv hx

gnen devZScfntnym>LfkvFemnf. eemt&fy p&g=NkfrFmnfsA devZSy ivt`vFmt=lfn` smAjp&tfmAn

Dm%tA aArOSAevZ.

fuz lreK hgf;a mejfikafka fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh iqrCIs; lsrSuhs

we;af;kau usksidg fm#oa.,sl foaam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuys wjYH;djh mekkZ.skafka wehs$mejsos

osjshla fkdf.jkakdjQ iEu .Dyia:fhlgu fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuys wjYH;djh

we;sfjz' mejsos iudchg fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh wjYHfkdjkafka .sys iudcfhka mejsos iudch

fj; isjqmih uZ.ska Wkajykafia,d fmdaIH jSug wjYHlrkakdjQ foa iemfhk nejsks' fuz ksid mejsos

iudchla mej;Sug .sysiudcfhys odhlFjh wjYHu jQjls' .sys iudcfhys odhlFjfhka f;drj

mejsos iudchg mej;sh fkdyel' jrA;udkfhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg ;ukau uqo,a Wmhd.ksuska

;ukaf.a fmdaIKh ;ukau is|=lr.ekSug is|=jS ;sfnkafkao Wkajykafia,d ms<snZoj uq,a hq.fhaoS

muK fidhdne,Sula fyda isjqmih iemhSula .sys mCIfhka is|= fkdjk ksidh'jrA;udkfhys fuka

uyuZ. niakej;um<j, |=uzrshm<j, Wkajykafia,d li.skafkys la,dka;j weZojegS wmj;a

jk;reu fkdfidhd fkdn,d isgSula uq,anq|= iuh mej;s ld,jljdkqfjys is|=fkdjsks'

taksid tl w;lg fuz ldrKh NsCIQka jykafia,df.a iS,h ms<snZoj ldrKhla fkdj

Wkajykafia,d f.a cSj;ajSu ms<snZoj jQ ldrKhls' cSj;ajSug l@uhla fkdue;sj fjz,a .Kka yduf;a

isg wirKj uyuZ. weZojegS wmj;ajk NsCIQka jykafia,d wmuK we;' nq|=r|=ka cSjudk ld,fhys

nq|=r|=ka NsCIQka jykafia,d jevisgs iEu wdrduhlgu iEu wdrKHfiakdikhlgu fm#oa.,slju

jev Wkajykafia,dg isjqmih ksishdldrfhka ,efnkafkaoehs fidhdn,kakdjQ isrs;la ;snsKs'

Wkajykafiaf.a m<uq m@Yakh jQfha lsfulao uyfKks hemsh yelso$ iqjfia fjfiao$ hk ldrKhhs'

jrA;udkfhys fuka tl, nqoaO Ydik wud;HxYhla ;snqfkao ke;' kuq;a NsCIQka jykafia,d ms<snZoj

ksis fidhdne,Sula yd b;du;a j.lSuz iy.;f,i kv;a; lsrSula tod is|=jsks'

1 tu k woskakx wdoshk woskakx wdoshk woskakx wdoshk woskakx wdosh;;;; s 2 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id---- kreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idkreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idkreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idkreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id---- uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s

664 mQK! fldushqksgzia iudchla fyda iudcjdoS wrA:l@uhla mj;sk ld, jljdkQjloS yefrkakg

iudch jsiska mqoa., j.lSu fkdorkakdjQ iudc jgmsgdjla iys; iudchkaysoS mqoa., meje;au

is|=jkqfha fm#oa.,sl foam< l@uh u; mokuzjh' fuys wka;jdoh oel.; yelsjkqfha mQK! Okjdoh

;<h' tu ld, jljdkqj ;,oS frday<g hk urKdikak frda.shdg mjd wjYH uqo,a yo,a

fkdue;skuz ffjoHjre wjYH m@;sldr lrkq fkd,efnz' fu hgf;a iEu flfklgu ish cSjs;h

mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsi fm#oa.,sl foam< (Okh)mrsyrKh lsrSu w;HjYH jQ fohls ukqIHFjfhka

Tnzfnys we;s ldu N~uSkajk ksrAudK r;S fojz f,dj m@uqL osjH f,dalhkays kuz ;ukag wjYH foa

wjYHjkakdjQ CIKhlska my<jk ksid fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh lsrSug wjYH fkdjsh yelsh'

kuq;a ukqIH f,dj;< ;uka ;ukaf.a wjYH;djhkao msrsuidf.k fiiq idudcsl hq;luz bgqlsrSug

m@udKj;a Okhla iEu ukqIHfhlgu iuzmdokh lr.kakg is|=fjz'

an<n nfrr~b<d pv<ljFvftyk gtkrn<d[k E`ekerhf eemt&Fsftfn klpnA kfrFmnfsA eemt&F

sArDm%y pAdk kregn oh<atfn` etvn smAj p&tfmAn Dm%tAvy vn prdAresvneyn

v[LkFm ynkr[N ix<evyf.1yemk` d[nd[n an<n`eg hA tmAeg pv<ljFvft kwAihfrvn<ey

devZSy epro[rfkrgt sftkfnf.fndfydajsg ukqIH iudch;< olakg ,efnkakdjQ fohla jkqfha

;ukag lsis|= ,dNhla fkdue;s jqjo iudcfhys fydZoska jeo.;a f,i cSj;a jkakdjQ fofofkl |=gqjsg

ta ms<snZoj BrAIHdjyd oafjzIh fmrgqfldg .;a is;ska hq;j Tjqkaf.a mjq,a cSjs;hl lvdbysrjSfuz

mdmS fpz;kdfjka hq;j Tjqka fofokdgu fjk fjku fofokd ms<snZoju wi;Hh f;dr;re mjid

fofokdju fldgjd fjkalrkq ,nkakdjQ isoaOSkah fndfyda fokd jsfkdaoh msKsi yd fjk;a iQCIu

lmgs wruqKq YdlaId;a lr.ekSu msKsi fufia lrkq olakg ,enqK;a OrAudkql~,j kuz fuh b;du;a

my;a wi;aOrAuhla f,i fmkajdosh yelsh'

fuh jrA;udk iudcfhys fnfyjska jHdma;j mj;sk wi;aOrAuhls fujeks foa lrkakdjQ

fndfydafokd iudch flfrys wm@udK BrAIHdfjka yd oafjzIfhka miqfjk Wojshhs fujeks wh

ksrka;rfhka ;u jsreoaO ,sx.slhdj fmd<Ujd .kq msKsi YDx.drd;aul joka Ndjs;h fhdod.kq

olakg ,efnz YDx.drd;aul joka Ndjs;d lrkafkao Tjqkaf.a mjq,a cSjs;h thska nsZojegzgjSu iZoyd

lrkakdjQ Wml@uhla msKsi nejska oafjzIh mdol lr.kakd,o fpz;kdj fuhg uq,sjk nj

jsurAYkd;aul ne,Qjsg fmfka

fuu YDx.drd;aul joka;< .enzjkafka fu:qkh msKsi jQ wkshuz wdrdOkhkah fuz msKsi nyqjsO

wrA:we;s jpk Ndjs;dlsrSu Tjqyq is|=lr;s tfukau funZ|= wh ia;@S mqreI fNaohla fkdue;sj fomCIh

w;ru isgs;s fjkilg we;af;a mqreI mCIh fndfydafldg t<smsgu ;u woyia m@ldYlrk w;r ia;@S

mCIh Bgfndfydafldg jpk yd mohkays Ozjks:drA:h yd jHx.h fhdod.ekSuhs emmz|Sft menA

m>L s^klpyevn<vx eemt&fy yn sArDm% s^klpy sfet` a[tfkrgnnA t[n[ttA atfn

eemt&fy pAdk kregn an<nvfSeyhf ov<neg` pv<l s^sTAv nfrr~b<dv gtkrn<vx k[mtf

evyf.2eemt&Fsftfn` m<HPsmAjy ekerhf an<kmZpAevn kxy<t=kfrFmx emZnfsA p<dglyA epLeMZ.

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdajs.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdajs.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdajs.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id ----fmfmfmfm---- lreKd lreKd lreKd lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id iy.f;ak fpz;id iy.f;ak fpz;id iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsWfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d Fjd jsyr;s ;:d Fjd jsyr;s ;:d Fjd jsyr;s ;:d

665

ess< smAj p&tfmAn t=nvn st=nènAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm hA prdArAvnkrA

enAy{m.yn smAj p&tfmAn Dm%tA t=n aArOSAkrn p<dglyAx ebAr[ kFemZ v<vmnAvk a[tf

enAevZ.1fndrelSu iEu wli,hlgu uq,ajkakdjQ fya;jla jYfhka iZoyka jkafka fuz ksidh sArDm%

s^klp vVeyn` eemt&fy eprd[rf krgnnA ehtm Eèemt&fy pAdkkAxegn astYvcneyn

an<nenArvxyf.2 EnfsA str vn smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvyvn ebAr[enAkFmn[m[tf Dm%tAvy

oh<atfn aArkSAevyf.

an<nvfSeyhf ov<nèg stY d[ng[nFemZ a[tfayfftfyx gr[kfrFm emmp&tfmAny enAkwekAx

aArOSA krn<lbn`nAeg EklOSNykf.3EmHgfn an<n pmNk` enAv tmAvd enArvxn<

lbnènk ekAxhHgfyf.wi;Hh mjkakdg fjk fkdl<yels mfjla ke;ehs oekafjkafka fiiq wli,h

kag fuh wdlrjlajk fyhsks'tfia fyhska wi;Hfhka f;drjSu ishZM lI,q oyuz jO!kh lrkakgo

f;d;ekakls' uss udArgtfg=Nyk`v> stYvAdFvFm udAr ebA`st` st` Dm%tAvykf.4ebA`Dfs#vyn`

vhnes sserhfdF kfsfmavsTAvkdF astYvdn bfN>avsTAvk`nmZ n[t.Ey ebA`Dfs#v Dm%tAv

ykf.ehvt ebA`st` p&tfmAnykf.

avfdYAv hA emAhyv[nf kr[N< hxg[nFmx ebehvfn` ivhl vn>eyd m<sAvAdym[yf.5

avfdYAevZ hA emAhey lOSNyvn<ey yTAtt`vy m<vhkfrFmyf.astYey lOSNyvn<eyd

yTAttvy m<vhkfrFmyf.EmnfsA avfdYAv hA emA`hyyn kr[N<edk m<sAvdyx dk`vn emm

LHgsbHdtAvy nfsAm ebA`st`vr[ eemt&fyeprd[rfkregn stYvcneyhfpfhfxA yTAsvBAvy

d[kFemZ n<vN dfy<N<kLAh< evtf.tT+aAgt=tTAgt6 ynvcney a#T%yvn<eyd elA`key

prmAr~Tmy stYtAvyx lHgAv>b[vfn` b<z\vr[ E`nmZvnbv ar~TvtevZ.E`nyfn` b<dD#vy pfNfs

pArmFp<rN ebAst`vr[ Dm%tAvyk ehvt p&tfmAnyk vVeyn stYvcneyhf pfhfxA sfx

kxy<t=krtf.E`nfsA sAmAnY p<dglynpvA stY vcn eyhf pfhfxAsfx kxy<t=kfrFm emZ an<v

v[dgtbv p[h[dflfy.7

|=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;siy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;siy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;siy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 1 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 2 tu I fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNsI fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNsI fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNsI fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdacAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdacAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdacAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----fmfmfmfm---- lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;xinznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;xinznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;xinznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;swfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 3 tu k uqid k NK;sk uqid k NK;sk uqid k NK;sk uqid k NK;s 4 oS' ks' 11"uyd ksodk iq;a;"nq'c' uq" 86 msgqj' b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx mgspzp b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx mgspzp b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx mgspzp b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx mgspzp mrsfhikd mrsfhikd mrsfhikd mrsfhikd … ,dfNda ,dfNda ,dfNda ,dfNda … jskspzPfhd jskspzPfhd jskspzPfhd jskspzPfhd … PJorPJorPJorPJordf.da df.da df.da df.da … wcAfCOdidkx wcAfCOdidkx wcAfCOdidkx wcAfCOdidkx … mrs.a.fyd mrs.a.fyd mrs.a.fyd mrs.a.fyd … upzPrshx upzPrshx upzPrshx upzPrshx … wdrlafLdawdrlafLdawdrlafLdawdrlafLda … oKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;jx ;`jx fmioKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;jx ;`jx fmioKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;jx ;`jx fmioKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;jx ;`jx fmiqZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld wlìqZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld wlìqZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld wlìqZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld wlì,d Ouzud ,d Ouzud ,d Ouzud ,d Ouzud iuzNjka;siuzNjka;siuzNjka;siuzNjka;s 5 u' ks' 1"inzndij iq;a;"nq' c' uq" 22 msgqj' osgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcosgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcosgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcosgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcfkda k fkda k fkda k fkda k mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s |=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLiaud;s jodus 6 I' ks' 11"uydmodk iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 18 msgqj' Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj idOd; Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj idOd; Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj idOd; Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj idOd; OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d 7 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s

666 iht d[kv> smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAstrvn st=n` enAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm,prdAresvny

enAkfrFm hA ebAr[enAkFm yn strv[d{r[mZ Dm%tA eemt&fy eprx<ekAxegn aArOSAkrnnAv>

t[n[ttA tmAin aBfvRdDfyx p[mfN tmAemnm tvt ebAehAednAd E`pfNfs

eeDr~yymtèker~d oh<atfn psvn smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvyt aArOSAevyf.EìhtkF Dm%tA

str aArOSAkfrFemhflA an<n epLMvFmy.1

emyt ebA`Dfs#vDm%tAvykf.tmAt=L a[tfv<nAv> ymZymZ g=NDm% an<n vfSeyhfdF ov<n`x

ugnvA ov<n` s[pvt`jFvft gtkrnnn bvx pt`krvFm ebA`Dfs#vvr[ sfz\krnbv pn`sfy

pnsjAtk epAet d[kèvn jAtkkTA pfrfksA b[lFm t=lfn` d[ngth[kfy.b<z\vFemn`ps<

elA`ks#vyA vfSeyhf mhAkr[NA evn y<t=v krnnAv> elAkAr~TcY%Av sfz\kfrFm sHdhA

un`vhnesx avVYm>Lfk p<h<N<vlbA g[enn<ey ebA`DfsmZBAry p<rnkL un`vhneslA vfsfn`

p>rNy krn<lbn`nAv> ihtkF Dm%tAvy eht=ekAx egny.2sAmAnY p<dgleyk=v<vt` ihtkF

aAkAreyn kxy<t=krnennmZ Em p<dglyAeg` epUdglfk dfy<N<vd oh<eg kFr~tfy

v[wdfy<N<vFmd ebAehA` pfrfsblyl[bFmd ynaAnfs^s inòh<x l[ebZ.3emyx amtrv iht

sHdhn psv[d{r[mZ smAjDm%tAps aArOSAvFmt=lfn` mAnsfk pFwnyrhft vfevZk b<dDfykfn

smn`vft d[h[mf smAjyk` a[tfkr lFmx iwp&stAvnAv l[ebZ.4

I`LHgx b<z\rz\n` kAlAm v[sfynx edVnAkrn<ey unvhneseg emm smAjp&tfmAn

Dm%tApsvn st=nm[rFemn v[LkFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm,prdArAvn krAenAy{m,ebAr[

enAkFm,an<n yhpethf epLMvFm ynkr[N< ps aArOSA krgnnx kfynèn kfsfm ay<rkfn`

kfsf vYvsTAvk,dNwNyk` ehA kfsfz\ aDfkrNmy tt`vyk yxet` enAvnbvyf.5E`bv

thv<r[krlFm pfNfs kAlAm v[sfyn`x bAhfr blp{mk` vfyh[kf kr[N<10k epn`vA EvA

mtenApfhfxA tmnegm i$z&fyp&tYOSy mt pfhfxAkxy<t= kr apOSpAtF vfnfVcyk` lbAgnnA

els p[vs>h.6sArDm% h[Hdfn`vFm pfNfs eyednebAehA nAmyn` vn hr,

vxfnAkmZ,p<r[SAr~T,agyn hA vfV`cysArDm% yn etr[mZ antr~gtevZ.emyfn` sArDm% a[t[mZ

vfexk vfnfVcy sArDm% nAmeyn d[kevZ.ymk yTAr~Ty vfnfV`cy kfrFemhflA sArDm%

mehApkArF vn b[vfnf.7

1 tu wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;s mruzms ;s mruzms ;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 2 is;shuz iys; mkaish mKia cd;l fmd;a jykafia"iuz' jSrisxy m@;srdc weu;s;ùd"ixfYda' kdjq,af,a Ouzudkkao ysus yd fojskqjr r;kfcda;s ysus"iuhjO!k fmd;ay,"fld<U"1955"1064,1169,1433, msgq 3 ;@smsglfhka fy<sjk nqoaO prs;h"Wvqydjr wdkkao ysus"weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"61-70 msgq' 4 ;@smsglfhka fy<sjk nqoaO prs;h"Wvqydjr wdkkao ysus"weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"119-127 msgq' 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da … w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da … wuQ<afyda wuQ<afyda wuQ<afyda wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;swdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;swdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;swdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 6 tu tttta: ;ùfyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud a: ;ùfyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud a: ;ùfyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud a: ;ùfyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: 7 idrOu! wOHdmkh"tia'tia' nd,iQrsh"jsfcAiQrsh .@F:flaF|@h" mshisrs m@skagska isiaguzia" kqf.af.dv"1997"27 msgqj'

667 Eb[vfn` aelABy adevZSy hA aemAhy ynnAmeyn sArDm%s^klp h[Hdfn

evZ.b<z\rz\n‘aemAh’yn sArDm%s^klpy t=lfn` smAjp&tfmAnDm%tA aArOSAvn andm

kAlAmv[sfyn`x epnvAedn<ey kfsfz\ bAhfr aDfkArfyk blp{mkfnètAr v nfdhs

cfntnykmt pfhfxAsfxfmfnf.1

‘kAlAmeynf,emAheyn` enAa[l<NAv>,emAheyn` enAmnAlddAv>,vfnAVenAv> sft a[t`tAv>

p<r[S p<dgletm st=nenAmryf.esArkmZ enAkryf.prdArAvn krA enAyyf.ebAr[

enAkfyyf.ymk` oh<x ebAehA kAlyk` m<HPlelhf hfts[p pfNfsevyf nmZ Ehf anYyAd

smAdn`krvyf.’2

aemA`h ecZtnAv ehvt m<LAenAv> p&QA smZpn`n cftteyn,Em menAm>L sArDm%

s^klpeyn` y<k`tv> t[n[tet b<dDfvfSyfk kr[N<an<v sftAblA pr pNn[sFemn

v[Lekyf.3ugtkm yd nqoaOsu;a nj pAdkekAx egn ehA BAvnAmy QAny pAdk ekAxegn

tmneg n<vN dfy<N<kr gnfyf.tfiau yTAr~Ty v[sFtfb<n< mAyA jAly ivtkr elAky

d[kFmx p<l<vn`km lbAgnfyf.b<dDfvfSyfk els cfn`tny emehyvFmd emZan<v b<z\rz\n` sArDm%

s^klpykèls kAlAms>t&eydF kAlAmyn`x uekjska edVnAekAx tfebZ.emZan<v tmAx hm<vn

smAjDmtA ekerhf b<dDfy eprx< ekAxegn h[HgFmZvlx vhlenAvF kxy<t=kfrFm p&QA

smZpn`n bevZ lOSNy elst` emZmHgfn smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA aArOSAvn bvt` emhf

d[kèvZ.emZay<rfn p&QAv n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy pAdkkregn prpN n[sFemn v[LkFm yn

pLm<evnf smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvy aArOSA krgn< lbyf.4

tmneg jFvfty ;K w.msKs nsZ|=fuka flgsl,lska wjikajk wia:sr wks;HjQjlanj fydZoska

nqoaOsuh jYfhka ;yjqrelr.kakd m@{diuzmkak jQ ;eke;af;l wkqka i;cSjs;ho tnZ|=u

wdldrhlska jskdYhg meusfKk nejz Wml,amkhlr iiZodn,d ;ukaf.a cSjs;h huz jQ wdldrfhka

urKska fl<jrfjzkuz wkqkaf.a cSjs;ho flgsl,lskaurKska fl<jr jknj oekjgyd .kshs

fuf,i jgyd.kakdjQ m@Z{d iuzmkakhd ishZM i;aj cSjs;j,g fmd|=jQ blaukska jekfikakdjQ

iajNdjh cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh f,i f;areuz .kshs ;ud fyda wkHhkaf.a hkqfjka mej;s

iSudiuzfNaohka yeroud fmd|=fjz ishZMfokdf.a cSjs;flfrys mej;s wd>d;ps;a;h yeroud

mrmKkeiSfuka je<lfka fjhs'5 emZ mHgfn` prpN n[sFemn v[LkFemZ smAj p&tfmAny

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfk;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfk;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfk;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd da WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd da WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd da WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;ays;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;ays;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;ays;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a 2 tu wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k k k k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;s 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' fkaj mdKx yka;s fkaj mdKx yka;s fkaj mdKx yka;s fkaj mdKx yka;s 4 w' ks' 11"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq'c' uq"124 msgqj' l;udp NslaLfjzl;udp NslaLfjzl;udp NslaLfjzl;udp NslaLfjz iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, iuzmod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, iuzmod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, iuzmod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, iuzmod 5 i' ks' 11"mxpNhfjzr iq;a;"nq' c' uq"106 msgqj' hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s

668b<dDfvfSyfk kr[N< ek$z&kregn aArOSA krnen mht p&QAsmZpn`n t[n[tetk= bvx

p[mfeN.

an<nst=sn`tk d[eyhf prfeBAjn ayftfy ov<n`st=b[vZ pfLfgn`nA aemAh sArDm%

s^klpneyn` y<kt t[n[tet edvn smAj p&tfmAnDm%tAvyvn esArkmZ enAkfrFmyn

Dm%tAvy aArOSAkryf.1 an<n sh tmA yn sFmAv z\rlAklpnAkrn emAh< yTAr~Ty m<LAevn`

v[sFtfbFm emes vfprft dRSXfyk` a[tfvFmx eh`t=v vVeyn sLkA EkF aAvrNy z\r[kr

p&QAsmZpn`n els klpnA krn oh< an<n`st=d{ yn kr[eNhft anftYt`vy asrN#vy

dkfyf.Ehf a[tf ayftfy ekerhft h<z\p&Qptfy k ehvt p[nvFmk`bv dkfyf.2tmA hA an<n`yn<

p<dglyn` ededenk=enAv Ekm smstybvp&QAevn vfnfvfddkF.tmA hA an<n Ekmsmstey

avyvels slkAsmstyeds blA smstyd anftY#veyn` slkyf.3 emesm<HP mht p&st=tyx

p&st=tyx anftYtvyx nHgA klpnAkrn oh<eg` emAhy ivtevyf.p&QA a[s lbyf. emes

stfmtv p&QAsmZpnnv>ey esArkm vnAhF itAmt`m aQAnv>vkbv sLkA esArkmfn` v[LkF

edvn smAj p&tfmAnDm%tAvy aArOSAkrn< lbyf.4

kAmyvnAhF sêvZdnAvnekerhf p&keOSpny krgnnAld tmnègm menABAvyn

m<lAevnhq;j s[lkFmk`bv avebA`DkrgnnA p&QAsmZpn`n t[n[t;d lduhkag .scqjSu yeroud

ta flfrys WfmaCIl fjz.5Eèht=evn kAmsêvZdnyeker~ a[tfaDfk atRptkr svBAvy

oh<ekern vfy[kFyyf. upy<k`t Dm%tAveyhf vD%nFy svr{pyn` aAyY%p<dglBAveyhf

vfdYmAnevyf.6anAgAmFp<dgl avsTAv dkvA aAr~y p<dglyAeg kAmsnnfevZdny OSyvFm

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da …. k woskakx wdosh;s k woskakx wdosh;s k woskakx wdosh;s k woskakx wdosh;s …. hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;siqLdh;siqLdh;siqLdh;s 2 A. tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; B. u' ks' 1"pQ, ipzpl iq;a;"nq'c' uq" 552 msgqj' humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd f.da;u humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd f.da;u humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd f.da;u humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd f.da;u 3 A. W' md' fu>sh iq;a;"ixia' fidaudf,dal ;siai ysus"49 msgqjwkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus udk wkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus udk wkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus udk wkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus udk iuq.a>d;dhiuq.a>d;dhiuq.a>d;dhiuq.a>d;dh B. i' ks' v, os>djq Wmdil iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 142 msgqj' P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO Fjx P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO Fjx P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO Fjx P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO Fjx os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk iZ[aZ[S jsrd. os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk iZ[aZ[S jsrd. os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk iZ[aZ[S jsrd. os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk iZ[aZ[S jsrd. iZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[SiZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[SiZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[SiZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[S C. The Three Singnata,O.H.De A. Wijesekara,Colombo,p.1. The the singnata,the three universal properties of all existing of the phenomenal world… 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da … k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s… hx ihx ihx ihx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s iqLdhd;s iqLdhd;s iqLdhd;s 5 A.u' ks' iv, pQ< |=laLJO iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 218 msgqj' bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda B. i' iq' iv, wNskkao iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 26 msgqj' fhd fLda Nslfhd fLda Nslfhd fLda Nslfhd fLda NslaLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd aLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd aLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd aLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd |=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodus C.ix' ks' iv, |=;sh k ;ùzydlx iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 174 msgqj' hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd mySkx hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd mySkx hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd mySkx hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd mySkx ys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;sys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;sys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;sys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;s D.i' ks' v, Ouzuplalmamj;a;k iq;a;" nq c uq' 378 msgqj' ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud fmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;dfmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;dfmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;dfmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;d E.w' ks' v, fu>sh iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 378 msgqj'wiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdhwiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdhwiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdhwiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdh F fuys iZoykajk m@Z{dj;aNdjhkuz m@:u ud.!dOs.uhjQ fida;dm;a;sM,hg m;ajSuhs orAYk m@;s,dNh ,efnkafka fida;dm;a;s ud.!fhka jk nejsks 6 A.w. ks' iv, uydkdu iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 12 msgqj' b;sms fida N.jd b;sms fida N.jd b;sms fida N.jd b;sms fida N.jd …. nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu iufh nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu iufh nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu iufh nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu iufh wrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x ps;a;x fyd;s k fodiwrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x ps;a;x fyd;s k fodiwrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x ps;a;x fyd;s k fodiwrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x ps;a;x fyd;s k fodi…k k k k

669dk`nx l[ebn<ey aD%vVeynf.1anAgAmF tleydF m<HPmnfn`m kAmsnnfevZdynèg OSyvFmvnèn

ar~htv mxZxemZdFy.2emZnfsA epennen (ldudYdj)kAmsnnfevZdnyn` mHgfn g[enn<ey

i$z&fybdDv a[tfvn iamrAYuh rsvf$dnAepOSAv arm<N<krgt oZlArfk mAnsfkp&eOSpn

ekAxs bvyf.3

kAms^klpynèg t=nFvFmk` dknx l[ebn ihtkF mAnsfkmxZxmkfny<t= p&QAshft

p<dgleyA` vfvhs^sTAvkt=L v<vd nfrr~b<d pv<ljFvftyk` gtkffrFmx h[kfyAv

a[tètAevtf.4vfvh s^sTAvt=L sfrgtv<vd enAv>vd kAmsêvZdnyn` ekerhf pvtfn

elA`l#vy itAavm mxZxmk(nfevnnx aAsnnv> phn sfHPvk` emnv>)pvtfnb[vfn` t=n`vn

smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvyvn prdAresvneyn v[LkFemZ Dm%tAvy emAv<n` atfn svBAveynm

VfOSApd!kFmkfn` etArv svy^k&Fyvemn` aArOSAevZ.5E yTAr~Ty dkfn aemA`h sArDr~mFy

s^klpeyn` smAjp&tfmAny ar~TkTnykrn nfsAy.6

yTAr~Ty dkfn m<LAevn y<k`tenAv> p&QAsmZpn`n t[n[ttA p&QAvyn sArDm% s^klpy

pAdk kregn iht d[k`v> smAjp&tfmAn strvn st=n` enAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm,

prdrvn krAenAy{m ynDm%tAvynt=n aArOSAkrnb[vfn` Eeht=evn m<sAvAdeyn v[LkFm

fudyfudyfudyfudy…Wcq.;fuj ;iausxWcq.;fuj ;iausxWcq.;fuj ;iausxWcq.;fuj ;iausx iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk uydkdu iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk uydkdu iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk uydkdu iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk uydkdu wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x iudOsh;s ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x iudOsh;s ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x iudOsh;s ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x iudOsh;s B.tu 14 msgqj mkp mrx uydkdu wrmkp mrx uydkdu wrmkp mrx uydkdu wrmkp mrx uydkdu wrshidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks win,dks shidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks win,dks shidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks win,dks shidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks win,dks wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu iufha wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu iufha wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu iufha wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu iufha wrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;swrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;swrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;swrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;s C.u' ks' 11 uyd ud,qxlH mq;a; iq;a; nq c uq 168-170 msgq bOdkJo NslLq WmOs bOdkJo NslLq WmOs bOdkJo NslLq WmOs bOdkJo NslLq WmOs jsfjzld wlÌ,dkx Ouzudkx jsfjzld wlÌ,dkx Ouzudkx jsfjzld wlÌ,dkx Ouzudkx jsfjzld wlÌ,dkx Ouzudkx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s rEm.;x fjokd.;x ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s rEm.;x fjokd.;x ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s rEm.;x fjokd.;x ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s rEm.;x fjokd.;x iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox inznixLdr iuf:da wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox inznixLdr iuf:da wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox inznixLdr iuf:da wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox inznixLdr iuf:da inznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.dinznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.dinznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.dinznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.da ksfrdafOda ksnzndkxa ksfrdafOda ksnzndkxa ksfrdafOda ksnzndkxa ksfrdafOda ksnzndkx 1 I' ks' 111"fnzul iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 224 msgqj' lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s udfkd ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s udfkd ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s udfkd ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s udfkd wiauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;dwiauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;dwiauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;dwiauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;d… 2 oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 144 msgqj' ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms … jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x lrKShx jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x lrKShx jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x lrKShx jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x lrKShx kdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s mcdkd;skdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s mcdkd;skdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s mcdkd;skdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s mcdkd;s 3 A.i' ks' 1"iusoaOs iq;a;"nq' c'uq' 18 msgqj' kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd myQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx Ouzfuda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;amyQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx Ouzfuda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;amyQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx Ouzfuda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;amyQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx Ouzfuda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;a;x ;x ;x ;x fjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ysfjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ysfjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ysfjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ys B.u' ks' 111"uyd p;a;drSxil iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 218 msgqj'iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;swdcSfjd mfyd;swdcSfjd mfyd;swdcSfjd mfyd;s…..iuzud Z[dKiai iuziuzud Z[dKiai iuziuzud Z[dKiai iuziuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsu;a;s mfyd;s ud jsu;a;s mfyd;s ud jsu;a;s mfyd;s ud jsu;a;s mfyd;s C.Ouzumo ps;a; j.a. 40 .d:dj wkjiaiq; ps;a;iaiwkjiaiq; ps;a;iaiwkjiaiq; ps;a;iaiwkjiaiq; ps;a;iai----wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai –––– kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx 4 tu 5 tu 6 i' ks' 11"wiaiq iq;a;"nq' c' uq'278 msgqj' wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x

670yn strv[nf smAjDm%tAvyd aArOSAvFm sfz\vn<l[ebZ.1E` m<sAvAdyx avkAVyk enAs[Lesn

b[vfnf.m<sAvAdy yn ak=sly sfz\vn<ey smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFm nfsAvnb[vfnf2.

Eb[vfn` p&QAsmZpnn p<dglyA tmnsvBAveyn n<vN[tf ehyfn ebAr[evn smAjy

rvxnnx enAsftyf.yTAr~Ty pfNfsm kxy<t=kryf.an<nèg a[tt d[ng[nFemZ a[tf ayftfyx

gr[kryf.tmnd emAheyn` m<lAenAvF an<nd emAheyn m<lAvFm v[LkFm pfNfs m<sAvAdeyn`

vLkfyf.3

p&QAsmZpn`n t[n[ttA iht d[kv> smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA strvn prpN n[sFemn

v[LkFm, esArkmZ enAkfrFm,prdAresvneyn v[LkFm hA ebAreevn v[LkFm yn

smAjp&tfmAn str tmnd aArOSAkrn atr an<n`d E` aArOSAkfrFm pfNfs epALMvyf.4

E`mHgfn` m<HP mht smAjy psv[d{r[mZ smAjDm%tAvyn kwvFm ekern aArOSAkrgn<

lbyf.avsAn smAjDm%tAvy nmZ an<n ihkF Dm%tAvyn str ekerhf epLMvFmyf.5ehAHdedyx

yhpt` s^klpyn` eprx<ekAxegn k&fyAkfrFm smAjy ekerhf DnAtmk epLMvFmkfn`

kxy<t=kfrFm nmZevyf. p&QAsmZpnnv>ey emAheyn` m<lAenAv>ey tmnd an<nd m<HPmht

smsteyhf avyvvVeyn` sLkA tmA hA an<nynsFmAv bfHddmA p<HPl ar~Tykfn kxy<t=kfrFemZ

sAmAr~Ty lbAgnF.tmnx ehAHdedeyhf ehAHdvn`nAk emnm tmn an<n`vd ehAHd edeyhf

eydvFm krn<lbyf.6

b<z\rz\n` ihtkF smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFm pht sHdhn kr[N<10mtsfz\kfrFm p&tfeOSp

kryf.EnmZ an<V&vy(Report)mt pdnmZv,prmZprAv(Tradition)mtpdnmZv,emeskfyA tfebZ yn

kFmmt pdnmZv(itfkfrAyPrologue)pfxksmZp&dAymt pdnmZv(Giving in the Scripture)tAr~kfk

eht=mtpdnmZv(tkkeht= Logical Implicatio)nYyAy mtpdnmZv(nyeht=Nomological

Implication)emZ kArNy yhpt[yf klpnA kfrFmmt pdnmZv(aAkAr prfvftkekn

Diversification of thought)dRSXfymt pdnmZv (dfxZXf nfj~ODAnkKn`t fCoincide the Aspets)emy

emesvfy h[kfy[yf yn`n mt pdnmZv(BvYtAy Potentiatity) acAr~yvryA eg dSXfymt

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud iqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx iqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx iqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx iqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx ....pzP;s k uqid NK;s pzP;s k uqid NK;s pzP;s k uqid NK;s pzP;s k uqid NK;s 2 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ….k uqid NK;s k uqid NK;s k uqid NK;s k uqid NK;s 4 tu wuQ<ay mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nkawuQ<ay mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nkawuQ<ay mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nkawuQ<ay mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k ;s k ;s k ;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwoskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s iqLdh;s iqLdh;s iqLdh;s 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq'mruzmsmsgq'mruzmsmsgq'mruzmsmsgq'mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 6 tu ;x lsx u;x lsx u;x lsx u;x lsx uZ[aZ[Z[aZ[Z[aZ[Z[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wli,d jd;s$lì: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wli,d jd;s$lì: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wli,d jd;s$lì: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wli,d jd;s$lì,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;

671pdnmZv(smeNA enA gr[Consultations of Pecptor smAjp&tfmAn aArOSA kfrFm z\r~vl

asmZp<r~Nv>vk`bv dk`vtf.1

yemk=x iht sHdhn dsv[d{r[mZ kr[N<vlx vhlenAvF tmnx svADFnv sftAblA h<edk`

tm svADFn cfn`tny mtm pdnmZv ehAHdnrk tmAxm vfnfVcykx p[mfNfy h[kfvFm eV&SX

edykèls kAlAmv[sfyn`x b<z\h< kr[N< dkvtf.2emZan<v smAjp&tfmAn nfVcykfrFemhflA iht

dk`vnld dsv[d{r[mZ kr[N< itAz\r~vl vfnfV`cyk` lbAedn kr[N< 10kèls b<z\rz\n`vfsfn

pfLfegn tfb>bv p[h[dflfy.emkF dsv[d{r[mZ nfSXAvn oses Elbg[nFm vfvRtenAv> mAnsfk

ttvykfn sfz\ ekernnk` b[vfn yTAr~Ty vfnfvfd d[kFemhflA EvA sv%smZp>N% k&mevZdyk`

els b<z\smy enApflfgnF.3ymZtrmkx sdAcArsmZpn`nv k&fyAkfrFemZ p&vntAvyk iht

kr[N<oses Elbgt` ayvl<n`hx a[tt,b<z\smeyn` p&BAvft vfvRtmAnsfk mxZxmkfn`y<t=v

yTAr~Tyd[kFemZ p&vNtAvy hfmfvnèn sfyHP dRSXfmtvAdyn sfetn ivtkL t[n[ttnx bv

kAlAms>t&y mHgfn thv<r[eker~.kAlAms>t&gt kr[N<an<v yTAr~Tyd[kFemZ vfvRtmAnsfk

mxZxmx EL[MFmx kfsfz\aAgmfk VAstRvreyk=eg mtvAdyn` pfLfg[nFmx

avVYenAevZ.4yxt`pfrfesyfn` b<z\rz\neg pvA ig[nvFmZ aDAn g&AhFv bArg[nFm emZt=lfn` b[h[r

b[h[r eker~.5

emZ an<v kAlAm s>t&eyhf epn`vn smAjp&tfmAn s<rOSftkfrFemZ m>LDm% hA k&emApAyyn`

k&fyAtmk kfrFmx yemk ebUdDeyk`vFm avVYenAevZ.6iht dkvnld smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAph

1 tu ta: ;`ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; uta: ;`ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; uta: ;`ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; uta: ;`ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; udddd khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lÌ,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lÌ,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lÌ,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lÌ,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;ùzfya lOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;ùzfya lOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;ùzfya lOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: d,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: d,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: d,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 2 tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud lÌ,d jd wlÌ,d jd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud lÌ,d jd wlÌ,d jd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud lÌ,d jd wlÌ,d jd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud lÌ,d jd wlÌ,d jd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; 3 tu b;s fLda ld,dub;s fLda ld,dub;s fLda ld,dub;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh udd hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh udd hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh udd hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,dNnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,dNnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,dNnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz bfuz bfuz bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ;ùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ;ùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ;ùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' taluka;x kstaluka;x kstaluka;x kstaluka;x ksiskakd fLda flaimq;a;shd iskakd fLda flaimq;a;shd iskakd fLda flaimq;a;shd iskakd fLda flaimq;a;shd ld,dud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap ld,dud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap ld,dud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap ld,dud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; tafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;stafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;stafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;stafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s w,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s w,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s w,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s w,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslsjspslsjspslsjspslspzPs;x lxLkSpzPs;x lxLkSpzPs;x lxLkSpzPs;x lxLkSfhap mkfjda Gdfka jspslspzPd fhap mkfjda Gdfka jspslspzPd fhap mkfjda Gdfka jspslspzPd fhap mkfjda Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd Wmamkakd Wmamkakd Wmamkakd ta: lùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud ta: lùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud ta: lùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud ta: lùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s 5 tu hod ;`hod ;`hod ;`hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: lùzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd: 6 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudoiudoiudoiudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai fma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai fma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai fma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi

672vnAhF b<z\smyx ehA` kfsfm aAgmkx vfeVSft E`vAenAv> epAz\sAmAnY mn<SYDm%yn` bv

emZt=lfn` p[h[dflfeker~.1ehvt E`vA sAmAnY smAjgt dfvfyt=L smAjsmZb$DtA vfDfmt`v

pvt`vAegn yAmpfNfs avVYkrn m>Lfk mfnfs ayftfvAsfkmZ phk nfr{pnyekAx d[kvFmk`

evyf.2EnmZ,

1.jFvt`vFemZ ayftfy s{m mn<SYeyk=xm epAz\ ayftfykf.3

2.tmn sn`tked nfdhes B=ktfvfHdFemZ ayftfy.(p<dglfk edpL prfhrNy kfrFemZ nfdhs).4

3.nfrr~b<d vfvAh jFvftyk` gtkfrFemZ ayftfy.5

4.stYy d[ng[nFemZ ayftfy.6

5.ihtkF ayftfvAsfkmZ str aArOSAkrg[nFm pfNfs k&fyAkfFrFemZ ayftfy.7

yn epAz\ mAnv ayftfvAsfkmZ phk aArOSAkfrFm smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrSu hkafkka

.efka.ld,dus>t&eyn ig[nevnend emm epAz\mAnv hfmfkmZ ehvt ayftfvAsfkmZ ph

aArOSAkrg[nFmpfNfs kAlAmv[sfyn`x b<z\rz\n` lbAz\n` upedVAtmk vfg&hyyf.8E`t=lfn oZn{m

aAgmk oZn{m jAtfyk oZn{m vg%yk oZn{m mn<SYeyk=hx epAz\EkHgtvykfn k&fyAkfrFemZ

v[dgtkm emZmHgfn` thv<r[kr tfebZ. E`sHdhA avVYkrn menAm>Lfk s^klpyn`‘sArDm%’

nAmeyn d[kèvZ.EbHz\ sArDm%s^klpyn` t=nk upeyA`gFkregn emm smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA

aArOSAvnbv p[h[dflfkrdFtfebZ.Em sArDm%s^klpt=nnmZ aelA`B,aedAs hA aemAh yn

sArDm% s^klpt=nyf.9

mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms yka;mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms yka;mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms yka;mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; 1 tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌ,djd;s$ wlÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌ,djd;s$ wlÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌ,djd;s$ wlÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌ,djd;s$ wlÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd jd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s 2 tu 3 tu fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s 4 tu k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s 5 tu k mrodrx .pk mrodrx .pk mrodrx .pk mrodrx .pzP;szP;szP;szP;s 6 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 7 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 8 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;damqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;damqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;damqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da….w|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;daw|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;daw|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;daw|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da…. wuQ<afyda wuQ<afyda wuQ<afyda wuQ<afyda mkdhxmkdhxmkdhxmkdhx ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌiqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌiqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌiqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlÌ,djd;s$ lI,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd ,djd;s$ lI,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd ,djd;s$ lI,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd ,djd;s$ lI,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkdafyF: fydaixj;a;ka;s tajx fkdafyF: fydaixj;a;ka;s tajx fkdafyF: fydaixj;a;ka;s tajx fkdafyF: fyda;S;s ;S;s ;S;s ;S;s b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x mgspzp jq;a;x mgspzp jq;a;x mgspzp jq;a;x 9 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mmdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mmdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mmdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> ruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> ruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> ruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai

673 emm sArDm% s^klpt=nd eemt&fy,kr[NAv,m<dftAv hA uepOSAv yn sfv<v[d{r[mZ sArDm%

s^klp ek`$z&ekAxegn p[nnHgfn`nAv> s^klp pdDtfyk` bv kAlAm s>t&eydF

p[h[dflfeker~.1kAlAm s>t&eyhf emm ig[nnvFmZvl dknx l[ebn s<vfeVSFBAvy vnAhF

oZn{maAgmk s{mp<dgleyk=xm epAz\vnvfSy kr[N< emZmHgfn` dkvAtfbFmy.2smAjp&tfmAn hA

sArDm%s^klp atr aenYAnYy sbHdtAvey svr{py vfg&hvn<ey atfVyvfdYAt`mk pdnmk

pfhfxAsfxb[vfn` EvA oZn{m aAgmk oZn{mjAtfyk oZn{m mn<SY vg%ykx epAz\mAnvFy

at`d[kFmZels ar~Td[kèvZ.

EmnfsA kAlAm s>t&ymHgfn` ig[nevn smAjp&tfmAn hA sArDm%yn`hf sbHdtAveyhf

svr{py Ek`trA aAgmfkekAxskx epAz\krsFmAkr d[k`vFm emZ an<vy<k`tf y<k`tenAevZ.Eb[vfn

Emkr[N< epAz\mAnvFy vfVvuh Dm%tAels s[lkfy h[kfy.3E`nfsA un`vhnès kfsfm aAgmfk

ig[nvFmk oses emZeds bln`nx EpAykfyA kAlAmyn`x edsn<l[b<evZ.4kAlAms>t&eyhf

p&tfeOSpft nfSXA10els vfg&hvn<ey elAv atFtey anAgtey sh vr~tmAney a[tfv>nAv>

a[tfv tfebn`nAv> hA mt=a[tfvfyh[k`kAv> ymZtAk` aAgmfk ehA dAr~Vnfk ig[nvFmZ evtd

E`vAvr~gFkrNy ekAx pfLfeyL kLAv>(kfsfymZ epAz\vr~gFkrN smZmtrxAvn 10kt=lx E`vA

an`tr~gtekAx skskrn ld)epAz\ vr~gFkrN pdDtfykf.5

oZn{m aAgmfk ig[n`vFmkx epAz\vn aAkAreyn smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFm smZmt ehAHd

yhpt` vn edykvnbv tr~kAn>k+lv tAr~kfk nfSXAvn` strk mHgfn b<z\h< thv<r[ekAx

dk`vtf.6

1.prelAv pfLfbHd,ehAHd nrk km%PlvfpAk pfLfgn`nA s<HPdRSXfyk` a[tfekenk=x tmAeg emZ

aAt`m BAvyvt s<ves gtkLAy[yf emelAvVeyn a[tfvn s[nsfll.1

wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wuQ<afyda mkwcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wuQ<afyda mkwcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wuQ<afyda mkwcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiq dhx ld,dud mqrsiq dhx ld,dud mqrsiq dhx ld,dud mqrsiq mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; 1 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dNscAfCOda jI fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dNscAfCOda jI fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dNscAfCOda jI fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdas.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdas.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdas.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id…fm fm fm fm …lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;idlrekd iy.f;ak fpz;idlrekd iy.f;ak fpz;idlrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id…..WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 2 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlI,djd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd wwkjcAcdjd;s$;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlI,djd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd wwkjcAcdjd;s$;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlI,djd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd wwkjcAcdjd;s$;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lÌ,djd wlI,djd;s$ lÌ,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd wwkjcAcdjd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;s 4 tu b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msglh ud b;slsrdh ud msglh ud b;slsrdh ud msglh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz Ouzud jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz Ouzud jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz Ouzud jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.Ouzud wlÌ,d bfuz Ouzud jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 5 tu ta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` udta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` udta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` udta: ;ùzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;lafkhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;lafkhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;lafkhfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hodlak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hodlak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hodlak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: 6 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s

6742.smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFemn` hA ayhpt` sArDm% s^klpyn`hf pfhfxFemn Ixan<k+l p&tfPly

l[ebZyn pfLfg[nFm:dRSXfy a[tf t[n[ttAx tmA EbHz\edyk` enAkLb[vfn tmn`x ekes

ayhpt` p&tfPl l[ebnèn`d[yf emelAvvVeyn a[tfvn s[nsfll.2

3.smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFemn` hA ayhpt sArDr~m s^klpyn`hf pfhfxFemn Ix an<k+l p&tfPly

l[ebZ yn pfLfg[nFm:dRSXfy a[tf t[n[ttAhx tmA EbHz\edyk` enAkL b[vfn` tmnx ekes

ayhpt` p&tfPl l[ebnèn`d[yf emelAv vVeyn a[tfvn s[nsfll.3

4.smAj p&tfmAn kwkfrFemn hA ayhpt` sArDm%s^klpyn`hf pfhfxFemn Ix an<k+l p&tfPlyk`

kfsft enAl[ebZyn pflfg[nFm:dRSXfy(eBUtfkvAdF ucZeC~dvAdF hA nAstfvAdF)a[tf t[n[ttAhx

tmn EbHz\ edyk` enAkLehyfn` klfn` enAkLt` enAl[ebn vfpAky tmAx ekesvt`

enAl[ebnbv dnnAehyfn` tmnx ekes ayhpt` p&tfPl l[ebnèn`d[yf emelAv vVeyn

a[tfvn s[nsfll.4

emZ ay<rfn` dAr~Vnfk sTrstrkfn` y<t=v b<z\rz\n s<r[kFemZv[dgtkm kAlAm v[sfyn`hx

epnvA edtf.smAjp&tfmAn s<r[kFemZ v[dgtm ek$z&y lOSNy vn<ey sArDm% s^klp

t&ftvy5 hA eemt&fy kr[NAv m<dftAv hA uepOSAv yn strb&hm vfhrN nm[tf sArDm%

s^klp str6 vD%nykfrFemZ v[dgtkm kAlAm v[sfyn`x phdAedn< l[b<evZ.

emZmHgfn p[h[dflfekern<ey iht dkvnld k=Vlm>l t&ftvyt` strb&h`mvfhrNt jAtf

aAgmZ eBdykfnetArv s{m mn<SYyA vfSeyhfm epAz\Dm%tAvyk`vn bvyf.7ehvt smAjp&tfmAn

s<!kFemhflA atfVyfn`m upeyA`gftAmy pdnmk t=lE`vA k&fyAt`mkvn bvyf.emZnfsA kAlAm

s>t&gt p&tfmAn hA sArDm% vnAhf jAtfaAgmZeBdykfn etArv sfyHPm mn<SYvg%yA vfSeyhf

k&fyAtmkkL y<t=v> sdDm% sdcArft& pdDtfyk` bvepen.8emy vwAt ehAHdfn` p&kxvnen emZvA

1 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:sifpz fLda mk wF:sifpz fLda mk wF:sifpz fLda mk wF:s mrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gmrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gmrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gmrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod dkuyx ldhiaifNaod dkuyx ldhiaifNaod dkuyx ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 2 tu ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhizifNaodifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhizifNaodifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhizifNaodifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhizifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiaimruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiaimruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiaimruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 3 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 4 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyxifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyxifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyxifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiaiWNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiaiWNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiaiWNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ ys;dh Nys;dh Nys;dh Nys;dh Nkaf; kaf; kaf; kaf; …. ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; …. ;x ;x ;x ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;Nkaf;Nkaf;Nkaf; 6 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshfLda fida ld,dud wrshfLda fida ld,dud wrshfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id ….fmfmfmfm… lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id ….uqos;diy.f;ak uqos;diy.f;ak uqos;diy.f;ak uqos;diy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id…..WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id ….talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;F:s;x talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;F:s;x talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;F:s;x talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;F:s;x b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jwmqf,akinznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jwmqf,akinznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jwmqf,akinznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jwmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 7 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajxfLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajxfLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajxfLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixljsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixljsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixljsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda wiaidid s,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda wiaidid s,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda wiaidid s,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s wOs.;d fydka;S;s wOs.;d fydka;S;s wOs.;d fydka;S;s 8 tu ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;sys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;sys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;sys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dhys;dhjd wys;dhys;dhjd wys;dhys;dhjd wys;dhd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak d;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak d;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak d;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s ;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s ;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s ;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s

675k&fyAtmkkfrFmpfNfs kfsfz\ aAgmfk dr~VnvAdyk` vhlkr enAgty<t=bv pvsA EbHz\

dr~VnvAd 10k p&tfeOSp kr dk`vA a[tèt.emm dr~VnvAd 10t=lfn` elAv EdAsfx anAgty

dk`vA a[tfvfyh[kf s{m aAgmfk dr~Vnykm smZpfNwnykr dkvAa[t.smhr[ emm aAgmfk

dRSXfvA 10x b<z\smy a[t=lt`kL enAh[kfbv kfytf.1nm<t seh`t=v kr[N< shftv

vfg&hkrnklhf b<z\smeyhf d[kèvn kr[N<d apOSpAtFv E`vAd vfcAr p>v%kv

aDYynykLehAt b<z\smy ihtkF aAgmfk dRSXf10x a[t=ltkLt` kAlAm s>t&eyn` vfg&hvn

smZmt p&tfPlyx p[mfNFmx inbADAvk` enAvnbv d[kgt h[kfy.b<z\smy aAgmk vVeyn

EhfEn kr[N< dRSXfmy vVeyn g&hNykrg[nFm p&tfeOSpkLt b<z\smyx in`hAnfyk`

enAvnen` hA b<z\smy in`vwAt b[blFmx hA kFr~tfyx ptvFmx Eym eht=vk vnen sfyHP

aAkArey dFSXFn` p&hAnyxmHgkfyAdFm b<z\smey d[kèvn vfvfDAkAr ig[nvFmZ mHgfn` sfz\ekern

b[vfnf.2dRSXf p&hANyx mAg%y kfyAdFm b<z\smey vfg&hvn ig[nvFmZt=lfn` sfz\vn Ekm kAr~yy

vn ehyfnf.3

wd.usl ixl,amhkays wka;rA.; m@;sudk ms<snZoj idlpzPdflfrkqfha iuh iudc

jsoHdj(Sociology of Religion) uZ.sks.iuh iudc jsoHdj uZ.ska idlpzPdflfrkakdjQ iudc

m@;sudkhka yeZoskafjkafka iuh iudc m@;sudk( Social Norms of Religion) kusks.ld,du iQ;@fhka

bosrsm;a lrkakdjQ ishZMu iuh iudc m@;sudk hkays iajNdjh tajd lsis|= pska;k wOsldrhlska

f;drjSuhs.fuhg iu.duSj ngysr l@shd;aul jkakdjQ wd.u mokuz lr.;a iuh iudc m@;sudkhka

uqZMukskau mdfya mokuzj we;af;a wOsldruh pska;kh u;h.fuzksid tajdfhys iajrEmh uqZMukskau

w;drAlsl rZM oroZvq iajrEmhla f.k we;.kuq;a ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrk fn#oaO iuh

iudc m@;sudkhkays iajrEmh fuhg yd;amiskau jsreoaOh.ld,du iQ;@fhka bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ

iuh iudc m@;sudkh;a lsis|= wOsldruh pska;khl n,mEug yiqfkdjQ ;u iajhx md,kh hgf;ys

mj;akd jQ foafjhs.fuzksid fuu m@;sudk uqZMukskau w;sYh kuHYS,S iajrEmhla .kakd w;r

fnfyjska ;drAlsl jsoHd;aul iajrEmhla m@lg lrhs.

jsfYaIfhka ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjk m@;sfCIams; oijsO wOsldruh pska;kh .;fyd;a thska

mejfikafka lsis|= wd.usl wdOsm;Hhlg hg;ajS ;ukaf.a pska;k ksoyi mdjdosh hq;`

ke;snjls.ishZM kssrAudKjdoS wd.uz W;aiy orkqfha yels;dla ;ukaf.a Y@djlhd pska;kuh

js,x.jlg fldgqlr ;enSugh.tuZ.ska Tjqka YdCId;a lrkakg ;e;a lrkqfha wd.fuys

hx ihx ihx ihx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tjx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tjx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tjx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tjx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fNk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fNk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fNk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; yda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; yda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; yda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; 1 tu b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkNnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkNnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkNnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz da .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz da .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz da .rE;s hod ;ùzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x ;ùzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' i fLda fida ld,dudfLda fida ld,dudfLda fida ld,dudfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda wrshidjflda wrshidjflda wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id…fmfmfmfm…lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id …WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx oooosix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx six trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx six trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx six trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;sWfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;sWfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;sWfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 3 tu

676wka;rA.;hkays wjspdrd;aul yd wjsoHd;aul iajrEmhhs.tla wjia:djloS nuqKkaf.a wd.usl

.~Vjdoh ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka mejiqfjz tnZ|= .~Vjdohla wejeis jkqfha ryia /l.ekSfuz wjYH;djh

we;s fldgzGdYhka folla jk nuqKkag;a ia;@Skag;a muKla njhs.ta ;ukag hula iZ.jd.ekSug

wjYH;djh fuz fomCIhgu tlfia we;s nejsks.nq|=iufha tnZ|= wjYH;djhla fkdue;s ksid

nq|=iuhg .~Vjdohla fldfy;au jqjukd fkdfjz.nq|=iuh b;d jsoHkQl~, mokula u; iliajQ

jsoHdkQl~, js.@yhka iys; jsoHdkQl~, wd.uls fu;ek jsoHdj hk jpkh mdjspzps lf<a ngysr YoaO

jsoHd( Western Pure Sciences) hk wrA:fhka fkdfjz jsoHdkQl~, pska;khlska fyj;a ksis whqrska

jspdrmQrAjlj ifya;lj Ydia;@Sh jYfhka wOHhkh l<yels jgdmsgdjlska iukajs; njhs.ngysr

iuh ixl,amhka Nla;sf.dapr jkjd muKs.tajd nqoaOsf.dapro m@Z{df.dapro fkdfjz ngysr YoaO

jsoHdjka nqoaOs f.dapr jkjd usila m@Z{df.dapr fkdfjz.Y@S ioaOrAuh nqoaOs f.dapr fjz tfukau m@Z{d

f.dapro fjz fuz ksidh nq|=oyu jsoHdkQl~, mokula we;s oyula nj mejiqfjz.

idrOu! prAhduh jYfhka m@ldY jkafka YS,m@;smodj;,sks wm fuf;la jsuid ne,Q ixl,amhkays

m@cdkk wdfjzok fCIa;@hka idrOu!hkays mZ[aZ[d iy Wmfhda.s;d ,CIK iy iodpdrh hkmshjr

mqoa., wNHka;r fhys is|=jk l@shdj,Skah.ta yeu prAhdjg mrsjrA;kh jS m@ldYhg m;ajk

wjia:dj YS, m@;smodjhs.idudkH jHjydrh ;, jskh kuska Ndjs;hg .efkkqfhao fulS YS,

m@;smodjuh YS, m@;smodj;, wka;rA.; prAhduh m@ia;;hka jskfhys wka;rA.; jS we;.m@;sudk

ke;fyd;a Ouzu;d jYfhka idlpzPdjg .efkkqfhao fuu YS, m@;smodjg wh;a prAhduh

m@ia;;hhs.

idrOu! ixl,amhka udkjhd;< cks; lrjSfuys wjidk m@;sM,h ke;fyd;a M,h YS,

m@;smodjhs. ke;fyd;a m@;sudkhs.ta ksid idrOu! ixl,amhka udkjhd;<g m@jsYaG lrjSfuys

idrA:l widrA: Ndjh ueksh hq;jkafka YS,h ke;fyd;a m@;sudk mdol lrf.khs.jsjsO wd.uz

ms<s.kakd idudkH ck;dj ta wd.usl l@shdj,Ska uZ.ska Tjqka;< ia:dms; lrkf,i tlS wd.usl

ixorANhka fj;g wdhdpkd lrkq ,nkafka ;u;ukaj nerskuz ;ukaf.a orejka fyda YS, iuzmkak

iudc m@;sudk wdrCIdlrk ukqIHhka lrfok f,ihs.iudcfhys .KOu! msrsfyk jsg idrOu!

ixl,amhka is;ai;kays jO!kh lrjd tlS msrsfyk udkj .;s.K h:d;;ajhg m;alr,Su msKsi

m@;slrAuhla fidhkafka idrOu! ixl,amhka udkjhkaf.a is;a;<g ldjoaokakdjQ jsjsO wd.usl

Ydia;Djre udrA.fhks.

fydZou YS,m@;smodj fmkakquz lrkafka flfkl;< jefvk iajhx md,kfhkshs fyda,a,Sfvz

(1961)lshhs. iajhx YsCIKh iuZ. iajhx md,kh yd iajhx fufyhjSu tlaj hk wNHka;r

l@shdj,Ska fjz.we.aksjz(1964) YS,m@;smodj m@;scdkk oDIags fldaKhlska n,hs.weh mjik mrsos

YS,m@;smodj jkdyS mqoa., wNHka;rfhys md,k moaO;shl Wiia jO!kfhys M,h jYfhkq;a

my<jk ;udf.a iqNisoaOshg yd m@.;shg fya;jkakdjQo iudc ms,s.ekSu;,ska ;udg wdrCIdj

i<id fokakdjQo prAhd rgdjls.

677 udkjhska iajhx YsCIKh uZ.ska idrOu! ixl,am jO!kh lr.akd wdldrh fkdauka fcA nq,a

(1979)jsiska olajd we;.th jkdyS oSrA> jrAOkhlska my< jkakls fkdauka fcA nq,a udkjfhl iajhx

YsCIK l@shdj,sh uZ.ska ixjrAOkh jk wjOs fufia olajhs.

1 k YsCIKh ( Anomy)

2 ndysr YsCIKh ( Heteronmy )

3 iudc YsCIKh ( Socionomy)

4 iajhx YsCIKh ( Autonomy )

fuu lreKq fya;fjka jvd;a wrA:j;a YS,m@;smodj jkafka lulao$th udkjhka;< idrOu!

ixl,am ixjO!kh lsrSu msKsi Wmfhda.S jkafka flfiao$iudch moaO;shla;< udkjhska YS,

iuzmkakjSug idrOu! b.ekajSuzj,g flfia Wmldr jsh yelso$hkak ms<snZoj iEu idrOu!

YsCIfhlgu ukd oekqula o tfiau Vg wod<jk wdl,am lY,;d ufkdp,l l@shj,Ska ixjO!kh

lrjkafka flfiao hkak ms<snZoj ukd wjfndaOhla o ;snsh hq;h.idudkH iudc.; idrOu!hkays

ufkdpd,l wjia:dj m@lg lrkafka mxpYS, m@;smodfjks. ld,du i@;@fhys fuu mxpYS, m@;smodj

idrOu! l@shdj,sfhys wrUqu yd wjidk ksIaGdj hk wxYfolu uQrA;su;a lrkakla f,iska fmkajdoS

;sfnkqfha fuz ksidh.fuz mrspzfPAofhka ta ms<snZoj idlpzPd flrS we;af;a ta ksidh.mxpYS, YsCIKh

hkafkys wrA: folla we;snj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmfka.tajd kuz

1 iajhx YsCIKh.

2 ksjeros l@shdj.

fuu folgu uQ,dY@ jkafka wNHka;r ms<sfj<hs.( Inner Order ) fuh mxpYS, m@;smodfjys

wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj f,i wrA:l:kh l<yel.mxpYS, m@;smodfjys tkakdjQ YsCIdmo mfiys

jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh meyeos,s lroSu ld,du iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakdjQ b.ekajSuz ;,ska is|=jS

we;.th my; oelafjk wdldrhg jsuid ne,sh yelsh.mxpYS, m@;smodfjys iEu YsCIdmohlau

fldgia foll ia:rhla hgf;a idlpzPdjg Ndckh fjz.tkuz

1fjzruKS-jsr;sh ke;fyd;a je<lSu.

2 iudoshdus-tu jro is|=lsrSug n,mdkakdjQ ishZMu lreKqj,ska je<lSu yd Bg m@;smCI Ou!;d

jO!kh. lsrSu-fuz hgf;a isjz nU jsyrKhkays jsia;r flfrkakdjQ lY, ixl,amhka l@shd;aul

lsrSu wh;afjz

nq|=iufhys js.@yjk mxpYS, m@;smodj hgf;a je<lsh hq;jQ tfukau wdrCIdlr .;hq;jQ uQ<sl

ukqIH idrOu! f,I ie<flkakdjQ iudc m@;sudk myla ms<snZoj olajd ;sfnz tajd kuz

1 mdKd;smd;d fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus-mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu yd wkHcSjs; iqrCIs;

lsrSu

2 woskakdodkd fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus- wkHfoam< mrsyrKfhka je<lSu yd wkHfoam<

iqrCIs; lsrSu

3 ldfuziq uspzPdpdrd fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus – us:Hdldu fiajkfhka je<lSu yd mjq,a

ixia:dj iqrCIs; lsrSu msKsi lghq; lsrSu

6784 uqidjdod fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus – fndrelSfuka je<lSu yd jpkh Ndjs;fhaoS I;H uD|=

m@sh jpk Ndjs;hg .ekSu

5 iqrdfuzrh upcAPmud ogzGdkx fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus – mshjs isysfhka lghq;`

fkdlsrSfukao by; olajk,o jeros is|=lsrSug Wojzjk udkisl fm<UjSuz j,skao w;ausoSu yd

isysfhka yd kqjKska hq;j lghq; lsrSfukao by; olajk ,o jeros j,ska w;ausoS hymf;ys

ksr;jSug wjYH lrkakdjQ udkisl fm<UjSuz j,ska wkHhka osrsu;a lrjSfukao hqla;jSu

1 m@dK>d;h –

m@dK>d;h kuzz iFjfhlf.a osjs f;drlsrSuhs Wmkaf,dalfha yegshg cSjsf;aJ|@sh meje;ajSug iq|=iq

ld,h mj;ajkakg bv fkdoS huzlsis Wml@udoshlska w;r;roS cSjsf;aJ|@sh jkid oeuSu m@dK>d;hhs

m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=jSug wx. mila iuzmQrAK jshhq;h tkuz

1 m@dKsfhljSuh

2 m@dKsfhl hk yeZ.Suh

3 jOl fpz;kdjh

4 urkq msKsi Wml@u lsrSuh

5 thska urKhg m;ajSuh hkq ta wx. mihs

ldh oajdr jdla oajdr hk folska tla oajdrhlska fuz wx. mi iuzmQrAK jSfuka if;lf.a osjs

f;drjQ jsg Tyqg m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=jkafkah fuz wx. mi iuzmQrAK fkdjS flfkl uq,ajSfuka

iFjfhlf.a cSjs;h keiqk;a Tyqg m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=fkdfjz hk tkjsg fkdoek mhg mE.s

fndfyda mdKSyq urKhg m;afj;s lUqre fldgkjsg f.djshdf.a Woe,a,g wiqjS fnfyda m@dKSyq

kefi;s myka oe,ajQl, m<.egs wdoS lvd m@dKSyq thg jegS uefr;s tfy;a lsisjlyg;a ta

[email protected] m@dK>d; wlY< lu!h is|=fkdfjz jOl fpz;kdj fkdfh|=k nejsks

;uka huzlsis iFjfhlf.a osjs f;drlrk msKsi ;shqKq ie;lska myr|=kajsg thska ;uka

n,dfmdfrd;a; jk i;d fkdj ta wi, isgs fjk;a if;lyg ta ie;a myrjeoS thska b,lal.;

iFjhd fkdj fjk;a wfhl urKhg m;ajqkfyd;a ie;a myr |=ka ;eke;a;dg m@dK>d; is|=fkdfjzz

ta ;uka myr|=ka i;dg usi urKhg m;ajQ I;df.a osjs f;dr lsrSfuz fpz;kdjla myr|=ka

;eke;a;dg fkdue;s ksidh

tfiau if;l urkq msKsi ie;amyr t,a,l< jsg thska tlS iFjhd fkduf<a kuz ie;amyr

T,a, l< ;eke;a;dg m@dK>d;h is|=fkdfjhs tfy;a tys jsYd, fjkila ;sfnz ie;a myr ksid

;jd, ,enQ I;d wjqre|= lSmhla f.jS fyda tu ie;a myr ksid ,;a ;jd, fya;fjka u urKhg

m;afjzkuz ie;amyr t,a,l< whg tlS ie;a myr t,a,l< js.iu iFjhdf.a cSjsf;aJ|@sh f;drjSug

m@:ufhkau m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h isoaO fjkq we; ffjoHjrfhl frda.sfhlg ie;alula lrkjsg

Tyq thska urKhg m;afjhs fjhs ffjoHjrhd frda.shd iqjlr .ekSfuz woyiska usi urK

fpz;kdjlska ie;alu fkdl<ksid Tyqg m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=

fkdfjhs

679 jskh msglhg wh;a mdrdcsld md<sfhys ukqiai js.@yfhaoS mdrdcsldmd,sfhysoS ukqiai js.a.y

mdrdcsld wejf;ys NsCIqkula mrscshg m;ajk fkdjk whqre m@dK>d; wlY,h jk fkdjk whqre

uekjska olajd ;sfnz

oskla tla;rd NsCIqkula msKavmd;h msKsi f.orlg jevsfhah wiqkl froaolska jid ksoslrk

,o orefjl u; ta NsCIqku ysZo .;s thska lvd orejd urKhg m;ajsh fuz ldrKh .ek iel

Wmojd ta NsCIq ku nq|=rcdKkajykafiag oekajSh nq|=yq lreKq mrSCIdfldg thska tu NsCIq ku

mrscs wej;g fkdmeusKsnj jod<y mrscs wej;la fkdjQnj jodf<a jOl fpz;kdjla ta NsCIq kug

ke;s ksidh thska m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h o is|= fkdjSh

m@dK>d; lu!h is|=jkdldr ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS jsjsOdlrfhka tajd is|=jsh yelsnj fmkS hhs

fuu m@dK>d; lu!h is|=jk jsjsO wdldrhka m@dK>d; lu!fha m@fhda. f,I yeZoskafjz tnZ|=

[email protected] ihla Ou!fhys olajd ;sfnz tkuz

1 idyF:slh

2 ksiai.a.slh

3 wdK;a;slh

4 :djrh

5 jscAcduh

6 boaOsuh hkqfjka m@dK>d;h iuznJO m@fhda. ih olajd we;

1 idyF:sl- w;amdj,ska .id fyda lh ms<snZoj fyda ie;a uq.re wdoshlska .id fyda ish;skau

hfulf.a osjs f;dr lrkafkl yg idyF:sl [email protected] hgf;a m@dK>d; lu!h is|=fjz

2 ksiai.a.sl - |=r isgsk wfhl urkq msKsi lhska fyda lh ms<snZo hulska fyda .,a uq.re wjs wdhqO

jsis lsrSuz jYfhka fyda hfulf.a osjs f;drlrkafkl yg ksiai.a.sl [email protected] hgf;a m@dK>d;

lu!h is|=fjz

3 wdK;a;sl – ish;ska fkdurd wij,ayq urjhs kshu lsrSu wdK;a;sl [email protected] kuzfjz fuys,d

jF:q,ld,, Tldi, wdhqO, brshdm:, lsrshd jsfiai hk fuz lreKq iho weKjSu iuznFOfhka o;hq;h

4 :djr – ud.!j, fndrej,j,a leKSu ks;r mrsfNda. lrk weZoka wdosfhys wekSug yelsjk f,I

bZoslgq wdosh ;enSu <sx fmdlKq wdosfhys jsI nyd,Su hkdosh :djr m@fhda. kuz fjhs th;a Woaosi

wkqoaosi jYfhka

oajsjsO fjhs

5 jscAcduh – huz flfklka urkq msKsi uka;@ jscAcd wdosh lsrsu jscAcdh m@fhda. kuz fjhs

6 boaOsuh – W;am;a;sfhkau wkqka uerSug iu;a lu! jsmdl iDoaOs ,nd we;sfhla ijlSh iDoaOs

n,fhka fkdfhla jsldr lsrSfuka wkqkaf.a osjs f;dr flfrAo$ th iDoaOsuh [email protected] kuz fjhs

680

iFjhka jsiska lrkq ,nk m@dK>d; wlY, lu! ish,a,lau tl yd iudk fkdfjz tajd tlsfklg

fjkia fj;s fuu fjkia lu fya;fjka tajdfhys w,am idjoH yd uyd idjoH fNaoh olakg ,efnz

w,am idjoH uyd idjoH fNaoh ,efnkafka urkq ,nk iFkhkaf.a .Kd.Khkaf.a yegshg yd

uerSug lrkq ,nk [email protected] yegshg;ah .K ySkhkao .K jsrys;hkao ;srsika.; m@dKSka

w;frka lvd m@dKSka keiSfuka w,am idjoH m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs .Kj;kao uyd YrSr

we;shkao uerSfuka uydidjoH m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs

w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaofha usksia ;srsika I;kaf.a jYfhka jsYd, fjkila ;sfnz uqfjlf.a

osjs f;dr lsrSug jvd jsYd, Wml@uhla wef;lf.a osjs f;dr lsrSug .;hq; fjhs thska we;s

uerSfuka uyd idjoH m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs tfy;a we;d jsYd, jqjo Tyqg jvd uqjd

.Kfhka jevskuz uqjdf.a osjs keiSfuka uyd idjoH wlY,h is|=fjhs

;jo urkq ,nk iFjhd lvd jqj;a uy;a jqj;a m@dKh f;drlsrSug .kakd Wml@uh iujqj;a

jOl fpz;kdjkaf.a fjkila ;sfnz uyd m@dKsfhl keiSfuysoS we;sjk fl@dO(jOl) fpa;kdj

uy;ajk ksid tu lu!h uyd idjoH fjhs jOl fpz;kdj wvqjQ jsg th w,amidjoH fjhs fuz

oelsjQfha ;srsika I;ka ms<snZo w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaohhs

ukqIHhka w;r .KySkhka uerSu w,am idjoH fjhs .Kj;ka uerSu uydidjoH fjhs m@fhda.

uy;ajh yd fpz;kd uy;ajh hk lreKq wkqjo m@dK>d; lu!h w,am idjoH yd uyd idjoH fjhs

YrSr Yla;sfhka |=j!, .KySkfhlf.a osjs f;drlsrSug .kakd Wml@uh n,j;a jk ksid jOl

fpz;kdjo n,j;a fjhs tnejska tu lu!h uyd idjoH fjhs iudk .Kj;kaf.a osjs f;drlsrSfuysoS

w,am idjoH yd uyd idjoH fNaoh is|=jkafka [email protected] m@n, |=j!,luz wkqj yd t msKsi .kakd

n,j;a wdhdifhaoS we;sjk jOl fpz;kd;a wkqj fjz m@fhda. uy;ajh fyda jia; uy;ajh fyda

fkdue;sjQ jsg urKhg m;ajk whf.a .K uy;ajh wkqj lu!h uydidjoH fjz .K ySkFjh wkqj

lu!h w,am idjoH fjz m@;siJOs jsZ{dkh iuZ. my<jk usksia if;l ms<snZo ishquz l,,a rEmh

keiSuo m@dK>d; wlY, lu!hls

iFjhka jsiska lrkq ,nk m@dK>d; wlY, lu!fhka ,efnk jsmdl m@;siJOs jsmdl yd m@jD;a;s

jsmdl jYfhka oajsjsO fjz krl ;srsika fm@a; hk wmdhkays Wmod,Su m@dK>d; lu!hdf.a m@;siJOs

jsmdl kus tu lu!fhka Wmka iFjhd yg ta ta cSjs;j,oS fkdfhla frda.jHikdoS jsm;a;Ska we;s

lr,Su m@jD;a;s jsmdl kus m@dK>d; lu!h l< ;eke;a;d fjk;a lY,hlska usksia f,dj Wmka jsgo

tys wvqmdvq we;sfjhs

2 wo;a;dodkh –

jia; ysushd jsiska lhska fyda jpkfhka fyda kq|=ka jia;jla fidr is;ska fyda ysushd /jgSfuka

fyda nsh .ekajSfuka fyda n,yd;aldrfhka fyda th meyer .ekSfuka wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs

wo;a;dodk lu!h iuZmQrAK jSug wx. myla wjYH fjhs tkuz

1 wkai; jia;jla jSuh

2 wkqka wh;anj oek .ekSuh

6813 fidr is;h

4 ;snQ ;ekska mhlsrSuh

5 th fidrd .ekSuh hkq ta wx. myhs

wo;a;dok lu!h is|=l< yels wdldr jsismyla jskfhys iZoyka fjhs tu wdldr jsismy m@Odk

ldrKd mylg f.dkqlr oelajsh yelsh tkuz

1 kkdkdNKav mZ[aplh

2 tlNKav mZ[aplh

3 idyF:sl mZ[aplh

4 mqnznmfhda. mZ[aplh

5 f:hHydr mZ[aplh fuz tl tlla mdid ;j;a wkq fldgia my ne.ska jrA.jk ksid wo;a;dodk

lu!h l<yels wdldr jsismy iEfohs

1 kdkdNKav mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia mylg jrA.fjz tkuz

1 wdosfhhH – fuhska woyia jkafka furud wh;a wdrdudos jia;j kvqlshd ;udg wh;a lr.ekSuhs

fuys,d ysushdf.a jia;j ms,snZo wdYdj iuZmQrAKfhka w;ayerSfuka wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

2 yfrhH – wkqka wh;a jia;jla fyda NdKavhla f.k hoaoS fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs

3 wjyfrhH – wkqka ;ud <. ;snQ jia;jla fkdoS meyer .ekSuhs fuys,d ysushdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;j

wjika jQ jsg wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

4 brshdm: jsfldfmhH – NdKav f.khk wh iuZ. th .kq leu;sj brshjz fjkialsrSuhs m<uq

.uka lruska isgs uZ.ska wka uZ.lg hkq msKsi m<uq mshjr blaujd fojk mshjr keZ. l,ays

wo;a;dodkh is|=fjhs

5 GdkdpdfjhH – wkqka I; jia;jla fidr is;ska ;snQ ;ekska meyer .ekSuhs fuz kdkdNKav

mZ[plh ijsZ[aZ[dKl wjsZ[aZ[dKl jYfhka oajsjsO fjz

2 tlNKav mZ[aplh – by; olajk ,o wdldrhg ijsZ[aZ[dKl jia;~ka fidr is;ska .ekSu

tlNKav mZ[aplh kuz fjz

1 wdosfhhH – furud wh;a ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka kvq lshd ;udg wh;a lr.ekSuhs fuys,d

ysushdf.a ji;j ms<snZo wdidj iuZmQrAKfhka w;ayerSfuka wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

2 yfrhH – wkqkag wh;a ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjfhla f.k hoaoS fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs

3 wjyfrhH – wkqka ;ud <Z. wdrCIdj msKsi k;rl< ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka fkdoS meyer

.ekSuhs fuys,d ysushdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;j wjika jQ jsg wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

6824 brshdm: jsfldfmhH – ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka legsj hk wh iuZ. tlg .uka lruskau

Tjqka I; ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka ;udi; lr.ekSfuz wNs,dYfhka hq;j brshjz fjkialr

.ekSuhs m<uq .uka lruska isgs u.ska wka uZ.lg hkq msKsi m<uq mshjr blaujd fojk mshjr

keZ. l,ays wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

5 GdkdpdfjhH – wkqka i; ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka fidr is;ska Tjqka isgs ;ekska leue;af;ka

fyda wlue;af;ka meyerf.k hduhs

3 idyF:sl mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia myla hgf;a idlpzPdjg ,la flfrhs tkuz

1 idyF:sl – wkqka I; jia;j fyda foafmd< ish;skau fidr is;ska .ekSuhs

2 wdKF:sl – wkqka,jd fidrluz lrjSug lghq; ms,sfh< lsrSuhs

3 ksiai.a.sl – NdKavj,g n|= wolrk ia:dkh we;<; isg NdKav t;ekska msg;g jSis fldg miqj

meusK fidrluz lrf.k hduhs msgrgska meusfKkakdjQ NdKavj,g ;Sre .dia; jxpdfldg fydr

ryfia tlS NdKav frA.fjys weiska usoS msg;g f.k hduo wh;a jkqfha fuu j.!hghs

4 wF:idOl – wiqj,a whf.a jia;j bv ,enqkq jsgl f.dia fidrd f.k tkf,I wK lsrSuhs wK

,enQ ;eke;a;d wjqre|= .Kkla f.jS fyda th meyer .kafka kuz wK l<yqg tjsgu wo;a;dodk

lu!h is|=fjhs wkHhdg .;a flfkysu wo;a;dodkh is|=fjhs

5 Oqr kslafLzm – wka I; jia;jla jia; ysushd rjgd Tyqf.a jia;j ms<snZo ;snqKq wdidj ke;s

lrjd fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs

4 mqnznmfhda. mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia mylg jrA. flfrhs tkuz

1 mqnznmfhda. – wkai; jia;jla fidr is;ska meyer .ekSu msKsi lrkq ,nk m<uq [email protected]

hulg wkai; jia;j fidrluz lsrsug wK lsrSu;a wK ,enQjyq th meyer .ekSu;a hk jev folla

bka is|=fjz wK ,enQ ;eke;a;d fkdjrojdu th .kS kuz wdKdmlhdg (weKjQjdyg) kshu l<

flfkysu mQj! m@fhda. jYfhka wo;a;dodk lu!h is|= fjhs

2 iym@fhda. – wkqka i; jia;j ;ukag wh;alr .ekSu msKsi lrk [email protected] thska wjika

[email protected] wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjz

3 ixjsodydr – wkai; jia;j lsysm fofklka tlajS f.dia fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs tlaj

.shjqka w;frka tll kuq;a jia;j meyer .;a l,ays ishZM fokdgu wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs

4 ixfla; luzu – fmrjre miajre jYfhka ld, kshuhla fldg fidrluz lrjSuhs ta kshul<

i<lKq fkdjrojd wkai; jia;j fidr is;ska .;a flfkysu wKl< whyg wo;a;dodk lu!h

is|=fjhs .;a;yqg .;a flfkysu wo;a;dodkh fjhs

683

5 ksus;a; luzu – wkai; jia;j neu yels<Sudos ixZ{djla fldg fidrluz lrjSuhs ksus;a;g fmr

miq fkdjS th meyer .kS kuz ksus;s lSjyqg tflfkys;a .;a;yqg .;a flfkys;a wo;a;dodk lu!h

is|=fjhs

5 f:hHdjydr mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia myla jgf;a idlpzPdjg ,la flfrhs tkuz

1 f:hHdjydr – wkai; jia;j ;,d l~gdosfhka jZ[apd fldg fyda fndre lyjKq udre fldg fyda

.ekSu

2 mihajydr – .@du >d;lhka fuka wkai; jia;j n,y;aldr luska .ekSu yd whn|= wOslj

.ekSu;ah

3 mrslmamjydr – wkai; jia;jla ;uka .kakd jsg uy;a nZ|=kaj,ska ueK .ekSu yd jslKk jsg

lvd nZ|=ka j,ska ueK jslskSuhs l~g fjf<Z|=kayg NdKav fydrg ueKSfuzoS yd uqo,a jZ[apd lsrSfuzoS;a

fuhska wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs

4 mgspzPkakdjydr – wkqkag wh;a uq|= wdoS jia;jla oel fld< wdoshlska jid ;nd miqj fidr is;ska

iZ.jd .ekSuhs

5 lidjydr – lim;a ,d huzlsis jia;jla fnok l,ays wkqkaf.a fldgi fidrd .kq rsisfhka

wkqkaf.a lqim; ;udf.a fldgig oud .ekSuhs

wkqkag wh;a jgskdluska wvq jia;jla fidr is;ska .ekSfuka w,amidjoH wo;a;dodk wlY,h

is|=fjhs wkqka i; jgskdluska jevs jia;jla fidr is;ska .ekSfuka uyd idjoH wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs

fuysoSo m@dK>d; lu!fha fuka .K uy;ajh m@fhda. uy;ajh jia; uy;ajh fpz;kd uy;ajh

wkqj w,amidjoH uyd idjoH fNaoh is|=fjhs

jgskdluska wvq jia;jla jqj;a th whs;s ysushd .KdOslfhla kuz Tyqf.a jia;j fidrd .ekSfuka

uyd idjoH wlY,h is|=fjhs .KySkfhl jia;jla fidr is;ska .ekSu w,amidjoHo .KdOslfhl

i; jia;jla fidr is;ska meyer .ekSu uyd idjoHo fjhs

.Kfhka iudk fofofklf.a NdKav fidrd .ekSfuzoS tu NdKavj, f,dl lvd fNaoh wkqj

w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaoh fjhs .K uy;ajh wkqjo uydidjoH fjhs |=YaYS,fhlf.a fohlg

jvd mkais,a rlskd ;eke;a;df.a jia;jo .ekSu uydidjoHhs .sysfhlf.a fyda fohlg jvd mkais,a

rlskd ;eke;a;df.a jia;jo thg jvd by< YS,hla rlskakdf.a jia;jo .ekSu uydidjoHhs

.wywfhlf.a fohlg jvd idufKarfhl I; fohla .ekSuo idufKarfhl i; fohlg jvd

Wmiuzmkak NsCIqkula I; fohla .ekSuo Wmimka uyfKl I; fohg jvd iZ. i; fohla

.ekSuo uy;a jro fjhs fuz wkqj fuys w,am idjoH uyd idjoH fNaoh o;hq;hs

684 wkqka i; foh fidr is;ska meyer.;a wh fuf,djoSu f,dalhdf.a fkdfhla kskaod wmydi jO

ysxid wdosh ,n;s kS;shg yiqj fkdfhla oZvqjuzz jsZos;s urKska u; krl ;srsika fm@a; wmdhhkays

bmso wkka; |=la jsZos;s wmdfhka usZoS usksi;a nj ,enQ jsgo fkdfhla wvqmdvqj,ska hqla; os<sZ|= wirK

cSjs; ,n;s cSj;a jSug jsYd, W;aiyhla .ks;s

3 lduus:Hdpdrh –

f,daoyug jsreoaOjk f,i huzlsis mqreIfhl fyda ia;@shl fyda ldufhys jrojd yeisrSuhs

fjk;a ysusfhl I; fyda ujzmsh ifydaordoS huz flfklka jsiska fyda rlskq ,nk ia;@shl ish

leue;af;kau fyda n,fhka fyda ldufhys jrojd yeisrSu fya;fldg f.k mqreIhkg ldu

us:Hdpdr wlY,h is|=fjhs ;uka rlskq ,nk kshus; ysushd isgsoaoS fjk;a mqreIhka iuZ.

wkdpdrfhys yeisrSfuka ia;@Skag ldu us:Hdpdr wlY,h is|=fjhs ldu us:Hpdr wlY,h is|= jSug

lreKq i;rla iuzmQrAK jsh hq;h tkuz

1 fkdhdhq; ia;@shl fyd mqreIfhl jSuh

2 fiajk is;h

3 ta msKsi W;aiy lsrSu kuz jQ u.ska u. ms<smeoSuh

4 fiajkh bjiSuh hkq ta wx. i;rhs

fuz wx. i;r iuzmQrAK jSfuka ldu us:Hdpdrh is|=fjhs mqreIhkag w.ukSh ia:dkhka yegshg

ud;rlaLs;d ms; rlaLs;d wdos jYfhka jsia;r jk ia;@Syq fj;s ldu us:Hdpdrfhys w,amidjoH

uydidjoH fNaoh flfiao h;a YS,doS .K jsrys;jQjka flfrys kuz w,amidjoH fjhs .K

iuzmkakhka flfrys kuz uyd idjoH fjhs fofokdf.au tlfia leue;a; we;s l,ays;a m@fhda.

uy;ajh wvq l,ays;a w,am idjoH fjhs YS,doS .K jsrys; jqj;a n,fhka fyda ;rAckdosfhlska fyda

wOsl W;aidyhlska fyda ldu us;Hdpdrfhys yeisfrA kuz uydidjoH fjhs

wkdpdrYS,sj ldu fiajkfhys fh|=Kq wh fuf,djoSu f,dalhdf.a fkdfhla kskaod wmydi ,n;s

wkqkaf.a ;dvk mSvkj,g kS;sfha /yekg wiqjS wm@udK |=lg m;afj;s ,sx.dY@s; frda.hkag

f.d|=refj;s fujeks we;euz ,sx.dY@; frda.hkag ;ju ksYaps; ffjoH m@;sldr mjd fidhdf.k

fkdue;a;djQ udrdka;sl frda. fjhs fujeks frda. fya;fjka ryfia fndfyda ms<sl,a iy.;jQ whqrska

;Sj@ lgql |=la fjzokd jsZo wjidkfha wld,fha fndfyda fjzokdldrS fidapkSh urKhkag uqyqK fo;s

urKska u; krlfhys yd ;srsika wmdfhys bmso wkka; |=lg f.d|=re fj;s usksi;anj ,enQ jsgo

ish .Kka wd;auNdjhkays mjd ia;@Syq fyda oajs,sx.sl kmqxildosyq fyda fj;s

ldufhys jrojd yeisrSu ksid mqreIfhda ia;@Syq fj;s ia;@Syq kmqxilhka fj;s wju ;ruska ia;@S

wd;au Ndjfhka fyda fkdusfo;s kmqxilfhda tlS wd;auNdjfhka fkdusfo;s iajNdjfhkau mqreIhkag

jvd ia;@skaf.a ldudYdjka W;aikak ;;ajfhys mj;shs ia;@Skag;a jvd kmqxilhkaf.a ldudYdjka

wOsl;rh fuu kmqxlhkaf.ao ldudYdfjys wOsl;r Ndjh wkqj fuhg;a jvd my< ugzguzj, jQ

mKavl Wnf;danHxckl wdoS ;j;a ukqIH yd ;srsika cSjS jrA. ms<snZoj jskh msglfhys idlpzPd

flfrA fujekakka jrA;udk iudcfhys lukdldrfhka yeZosk.kafkao hk .egZMj u;fjz

we;euzfokd ;ukag i;rewhg neKjeoSu iZoydo oafjzI iy.; whqrska Tjqkag ks.re lsrSu iZoydo

fujeks mohkaf.ka we;euzfokd yZ|=kajk nj fmfk;;a th fujeks wh yZ|=.ekSu iZoyd idrA:l

685l@ufjzohla hehs is;sh fkdyelafla tys lsis|= jsoHd;aul pska;khla .enzfkdjk fyhsks iuyrjsg

lsis|= ndysr jsfYaI ksus;a;la rys;ju tnkaokaf.a yeiSrSuz rgdjka lrK fldgf.k yZ|=kd.;

yelsfjz

wOsl ldudYdfjka hqla;nj yd ta iZoyd TzkEu iudc iuzu; fkdjk l@uNdjs;hg f.k ish

ldudYdjka ;Dma;su;a lr.ekSug m@h;ak orkakdjQ ukqIHfhda tlaflda fujeks mqoa.,hkah

ke;fyd;a tu mqoa.,Ndjhg meusKSu iZoydjk l@shdud.! .kakka f,i wkqudkl< yel WNf;d

nHxcklhka jkdys ia;@S iqreI ksus;s folu we;sj ta fya;fjkau lsisfia;a ;u cSjs; ld,h;,oS

imqrd.; fkdyels b;du W;aikak .;jQ ldudYdfjka ksrka;rfhka msvd jsZoskakdjQ w;sYhska |=laLs;

brKula .; lrkakka nj oelafjz fudjqka ishZM fokdu idudkH iajNdjh fyj;a m@lD;sh blaujd

jslD;shg m;ajQ fyhska uyckhd wm@sh lrk jsrEmS wiajdNdjsl YrSr we;a;dyq fj;s idudkHfhka

iudcfha |=Yaprs;j;aNdjh |+Is; yd jsmrS; iajNdjh jO!kh jk wjia:dj,oS thg idfmaCIlj

fujeks my;a ckauhla we;a;ka ixLHd;aulj jevsjk fyhska iudc |+Is; Ndjh uek .kakd usKqula

f,io th Ndjs;d l< yelsh

4 uqidjdoh –

wikakka uq,d lrjkq msKsi wi;H jQjla I;Hhla f,iska mrkg mejiSu uqidjdo kuzfjhs fya

jkdys wi;H m@jD;a;shla i;H f,iska olajkq leue;s whf.a ldh jdla m@fha. My< lrkakdjQ

fpz;kdjhs isoaOjQ I;H fohla isoaO fkdjqKq wi;Hhla f,iska wfkfllyg m@ldY lsrSfuzoS we;sjk

fpz;kdjo uqidjdo kuz fjz jd.a oajdrfhka fukau ldh oajdrfhkao uqidjdo wlY,h is|=fjhs

uqidjdo wlY, is|=jSug wx. i;rla wjYHh fjhs tkuz

1 wi;Hhla jSuh

2 wkHhka rjgk is;h

3 lhska fyda jokska fyda fndrej yeZ.jSfuz W;aiyh

4 wikakd woyi f;reuz .ekSuh hk ta wx. i;rhs

fuz lrekq i;r iuzmQrAK jSfuka uqidjdo wlI,h is|=jk nejz o;hq;h jskfhys iZoykajk

yegshg Wmimka uyfKla W;re usksiaouz weZ.jSug fndrelshd kuz mrscs fjz wuQ,sl mdrdcsldfjka

fpdaokd lrkakyqg ix>dosfiai fjz ix>dosfiaifhka fpdaokd lrkakyqg mps;sfjz wdpdr jsm;a;sfhka

wkqoaOxikh lrkakyqg |=l<d weje;afjz ‘fhd f; jsydfr ji;sfhd f; jsydfr ji;sfhd f; jsydfr ji;sfhd f; jsydfr ji;s’’’’ hkdoska wkq whqrlska W;re usksia

oyuz wdfrdapkh iZoyd fndre lshkakyqg ;,is fjz idudkHfhka idudkHfhka oek oek fndre

lshkakyqg mps;s weje;a fjz wkqka,jd hfula fndre lshjd kuz tysoS weKjqjyqg;a fndrej lSjyqg;a

fofokdgu uqidjdo lu!h is|=fjhs

5 iqrdfuzrh mdkh –

uohg;a m@udohg;a fya;jQ ryfur mdkh lsrSu iqrdmdk wlY,h kuzfjz iqrdmdkh

ldhoajdrfhka is|=fjk wlY, lu!hls th oY wlY, jsNd.fhaoS ldu us:Hdpdrhg w;<;a fjhs

fjku lu! m:hla jYfhka fkd.kakd ,oafoa ldu us:Hdpdr wlY, lu! m:hg Wmldr;ajfhka

we;<;jk ksidh iqrdmdk ud;@h lu!hls th uohg yd m@udohg lreKqjSfuka iFjhd fkdfhla

686mdm l@shdjka lsrSug fm<fUhs tjsg ta yd fh|=Kq iqrdmdk wlY,h wm@udK ld,hla ksrfhys

bmoSug iuF:! wlY, lu!hlao fjhs iqrd jrA. myla ms<snZoj OrAufhys iZoyka fjz tkuz

1 msgzG iqrd – iy,a msgs jeks msgsj,ska iliafldg fmrd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

2 mQj iqrd – lejs,sj,ska iliafldg fmrd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

3 Tok iqrd – n;aj,ska iliafldg fmrd .kq,nk uoHhhs

4 lsKaK iqrd mlaLs;a; iqrd – OdkH wxlrdoS nSc ixfhda.fldg fmrd,kq ,nk uoHhhs

5 iuzndr ixhqla; iqrd – wn wdos fkdfhla |@jHhka ixfhda.fldg fmrd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

furh hk kuska yeZoskafjkafka huz huz |@jHhka m,a fldg ;kd .kq ,nk YrAlrduh

ixfhda.hkah fuzjdo mia jeoEreuz fjz tkuz

1 mqmaMdij – uS ;,a fmd,a wdoS u,a rih f.k m,afldg ;kd .kq,nk uoHhhs

2 .<dij – fldia wdos M, rih m,a fldg ;kd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

3 uOzjdij – isos rih m,a fldg ;kd .kq ,nk uoHhhs

4 iuzNdr ixhqla;dij – wrM fk,a,s wdos fkdfhla |@jH rih usY@ fldg m,afldg ;kd.kq ,nk

uoHhhs

fuys iZoyka l< fojrA.hg wh;a uoHhla hfula mdkh flfrA kuz Tyqg iqrdmdk wlY, lu!h

is|=fjhs iqrd mdk wlY,h wx. I;rla iuzmQrAK jSfuka is|=fjhs tkuz

1 iqrdjla jSu

2 fndkq leu;s is; t<U isgSu

3 nSug .kakd W;aiyh

4 nS l,ays .,ns,fhka hgg msjsiSu hkq ta wx. I;rhs

fuz wx. i;r iuzmQrAK jSfuka iqrdmdk wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs fuz iqrdmdk wlY, lu!h

uydidjoHu fjhs fiiq ishZM jeros iZoys th ukd wkqn,hla jk fyhsks tksidu iqrdmdk wlY,h

wys;lr mCIfhka fm<UjSfuz kHdhhla yegshg l@shd;aul fjhs by; iZoyka l<djQ fiiq jeros

I;r lsrSu iZoydu tuZ.ska wys;lr fm<UjSula we;s lrjk nejsks ld,du iQ;@fhys fulS iqrdmdk

YsCIdmoh fjkqjg iZoyka jkqfha by; iZoyka jeros i;r iZoyd hfula ;j flfklj fm<UjSu

hk lreKhs tnejska jHxckdrA: jYfhka iqrdmdkh oelajQfha iqrdmdkh by; oelajqkq jeros

I;frys flfkl ksu.ak lrjSug fydZou udkisl fm<UjSu we;slrk fya;j jYfhka i<ldf.k

jsh hq;h mrudrA: jYfhka .;al< miafjks YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;a jkafka mxpYS, m@;smodfjys

fkdl< hq; hehs iZoyka jk fiiq jeros I;r flfkl w;ska is|=jSu iZoyd ldhsl yd udkisl

fm<UjSu we;s lrjkakdjQ fohska je<lSu hk ldrKhhs

iqrd mdkh l< ;eke;a;d fuf,djoSu fkdfhl;a f,v frda.j,g f.d|=re fjhs jia; jskdYhg

m;afjhs fld,dy, wmlSrA;shg js,snsh myjSug yd kqjK |=n, jSug fya;fjhs urkska u;`

krlfhys bmso wfkal jI! Fldags iyi@fhys meiS thska usoS usksia mshla ,;a l,ayso Wu;jQfjla fjhs

687.K ySkfhla fjhs .k ySkfhlau fjhs ,ecAcd rys;fhla fjhs os,skafola fjhs yeu l,aysu Z{d;s

jHikdos wkka; |=lg m;afjhs jsrEm foayfhka hqla; fjhs u;amefkys .scqjQ iFjhd mkaish cd;shl

Wu;j WmoS hhs fmd;am;ayss iZoykajS ;sfnz

mxpYS, m@;smodj .eUqrska jsurAYkh l<fyd;a tys iZoykajkakjQ tl tl YsCIdmohla mdid

uQ<sl jsruKh yd tlS jsruKhg WmldrSjk wfkl;a Ou! hk ia:r follska iZoykaj we;snj

fmfkkq we; tkuz

1 jsruKh – fuu lreK ms<snZoj idlpzPd l<fyd;a uska woyia lrkafka uQ<sl idrOu! my

ms<snZoj huzlsis t<Uqula we;s lr .ekSuhs jsfYaI jYfhka nq|=iufhys ia:srj iiqka uZ.g ms<smka

;eke;af;l jsiska fkdlv fldg wdrCIdlrkakdjQ mshjs iajNdjfhkau Tyq w;ska is|= fkdjkakdjQ

jeros mila f,i fuu mxpYS, m@;smodfjys jsia;r flfrkakdjQ lreKq my olajd ;sfnz1

2 tys wkHhka iudoka lrjSu – fuu fldgi jkdyS YsCIdmofhys fojk wjia:djhs uQ<sl jYfhka

m@:u wjia:dfjysoS ;u ;ud ;ksj m@;sudk iqrCIs; l<o fuu wjia:dfjysoS tu jev ms,sfj<g

iudcfhys fiiq idudcslhskao iuznJO lr.kakd wjia:dj ksrEmkh fjhs uq,a wjia:dfjys l@usl

jsldYhla fuz uZ.ska ksrEms;h tfukau m@;sudkhkaf.a iudcuh Ndjs;dj uQrA;su;a lrjkakjQ

iajNdjh f,igo wrA:l:kh l<yelsh

mx[YS, m@;smodj ;j;a wdldrhlska jsYaf,aIKh lroelajsh yelsh tkuz ta tl tl

YsCIdmohla mdid tu YsCImofhys mqoa.,uh yd iudcuh Ndjs;dj f.k yer oelajSu uZ.sks fuu

wrA: oelajSug wkqj mqoa.,sl yd iudcuh m@;sudkhka f,i mxpYS, m@;smodfjys tla tla

YsCIdmohla mdid ia:r ;kla hgf;a js.@yhg nZ|=ka flfrA tkuz

1 mrmK fkdkeiSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs

1 csjsf;aF|@sh jskdY fkdlsrSu

2 csjsf;aJ|@sh jskdY jSu iZoyd ;sfnkakdjQ bvm@ia;d ke;slsrsu yd wju lsrSu

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lrekd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu!

ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,am jO!kh lsrSu;,ska mrmK keiSfuka

je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmkajdosh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)2 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre

jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg

Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz

1 w' ks' 11"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 124 msgqj' l;udp .ym;udp .ym;udp .ym;udp .ym;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld ;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld ;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld ;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod 2 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

688wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros mrmK keiSfuka

je<lSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)1

mokuzlrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz [email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu mrmK keiSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd

oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ;

Presuppose)2 mokuzlr f.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg

t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh ;,

fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 3

mokuzlrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu mrmK

keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh

wkqu; fkdlrhs

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)4 mokuzlrf.k tu wikq,nk foh

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg

wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd

Y@jKhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)5 mokuz

lrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh

kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq

l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys

lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS mrmK keiSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh

wkqu; fkdlrhs

1 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 tu ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;` 5 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;`

689 tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr

mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)1 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu mrmK

keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs

idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s

tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj

Potentity)2 mdollrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg

t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg

mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh

flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal<

fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs ksYaps;jQ mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps;

iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh

u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)3 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj

ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku

.rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka

.rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs jspdrmQj!l

Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz

l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg

uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu

ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS

nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki

wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)4 tu

wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu

hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh

is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska mrmK keiSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha

Wkajykafiaf.a mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla

we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ

1 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 4 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

690oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg

ie,eiajQ nejsks

2 wkai; foa fkd.ekSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs

1 wkHhkaf.a foam< whs;sh ;uka W|=qrd fkd.ekSu

2 wkHhkaf.a foam< whs;sh ms<s.ekSu yd tys iqrCIs; Ndjh msKsi lghq;lsrSu

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk

idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jevSu ;,ska wkai; foa .ekSfuka

je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmkajd fokq ,efnz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz

;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros

wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2

mokuzlrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz [email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska

tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd

;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue

; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg

t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh ;,

fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4

mokuzlrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wkai;`

foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu

nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

691 tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)1

mokuzlrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu

wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd

Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)2 mokuz

lrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu

hkak hula fuz whqrska wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq

l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys

lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wkai; foa .ekSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh

wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr

mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)3 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu

wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka

l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid

mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhka jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj

Potentity)4 mdollrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg

t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg

mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh ye;snj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh


fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps;

iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh


ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku

.rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka

.rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l

1 tu ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;` 2 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;` 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 5 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

692Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg

uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu

ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS

nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki

wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu

wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu

hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh

is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska wkai; foa .ekSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha

Wkajykafiaf.a wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha

oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr

Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros

lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska

[email protected] je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

3 ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq

,nhs'

1 ldu fiajkh iZoyd wh:d ls@hdud.! Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSu'

2 ksrAndOs; mjq,a cSjs;hla .;lsrsfuz bv m@ia;dj wkHhka jsIfhys iqrCIs; lsrSu'

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk

idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu uZ.ska us:Hd ldu

fiajkfhka |=rejSug yelshdj ,efnknj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmkajd osh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)2 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz

;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz

jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th

ksjeros us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

693 tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)1

mokuzlrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz [email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka

|=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka

mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska

tajd ksjeros us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh

Prologue ; Presuppose)2 mokuzlr f.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka

|=rejSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka

|=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh

olajhs'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)3

mokuzlrf.k tu wikq,nkfoh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj hkak

wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz

jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical

Implication)4 mokuzlrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg

t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk

woyia yd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg

tlS woyia yd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz

oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)5 mokuz

lrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh'

kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS

;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg

jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS

us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla

lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud bud bud bud b;slsrdh;slsrdh;slsrdh;slsrdh 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 tu ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;` 5 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;`

694 tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr

mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)1 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu

wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka

l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid

mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz


tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj

Potentity)2 mdollrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros

;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS

wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels

nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS

wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz

jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS us:Hd

ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh


ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku

.rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka


Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs'we;euzjsg us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejk

wdldrh b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz

we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rj

mQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh

yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki

wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)4 tu us:Hd

ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu;

fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th

Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou!

foaYkd uZ.ska us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh

,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka

1 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud iufKud iufKud iufKud iufKda fkda .rE;sda fkda .rE;sda fkda .rE;sda fkda .rE;s 4 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

695 Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka

|=rejSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u us:Hd ldu

fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

4 wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq

,nhs'

1 wi;H joka Ndjs;fhka je<lSu'

2 i;H oek.ekSfuz wkqkaf.a whs;dhg .re lsrSu yd wF:!j;a ikaksfjzok l@shdj,shl ksr; jSu'

3 wkqka jsIfhys izjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk

idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,am Ndjs;dlsrSu uZ.ska wi;H jpkfhka

je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h fmkajdosh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre

jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg

Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh

ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz

l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2

mokuzlrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz' [email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska

tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd

;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ;

Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg

t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh ;,

fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj

;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4

mokuzlrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

696bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d

th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)1 mokuzlr

f.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh';drAlslnj

hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd wi;H jpkfhka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wi;H jpkfhka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu;

fkdlrhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)2 mokuz lrf.k

tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu

hkak hula fuz whqrska wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduh

lgu wkq.;j tu Y@jKh is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska

fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays

ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr

mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)3 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wi;H

jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'

idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s'

tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz


tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj

Potentity)4 mdollrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg

t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg

mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh


fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps;

iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh


1 tu ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;` 2 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;` 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 5 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

697ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku

.rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka


Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu

b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh

yelsh tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj

.rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd

ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki

wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu wi;H

jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs'

oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a

fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska

wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila

lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|=

wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr

Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag

Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

5 wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros i;frys yd whym;a fofhys fm<UjSfuka je<lSSu – fuu

m@;sudkh ;j;a ia;r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs'

1 ;udg yd iudchg ydkslr oeh wkHhka ,jd lrjSug n,mEuz lsrSfuka je<lSu'

2 ;udg yd iudchg ys;lr oeh wkHhka ,jd lrjSu iZoyd Okd;aul W;af;ackhka iemhSu'

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhka wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu!

ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu'

by; olajk ,o lreKq uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkafka ld,du iQ;@fhka js.@y flfrkafka fn#oaO

mxpYS, m@;smodfjys moku njhs' idudkHfhka mxpYS, m@;smodj iudc m@;sudkhla jYfhka

wdrCIdlr .;hq; fohlanejz wjOdrKh lr ;snqK;a ta luk lreKla ksidoehs ld,du iQ;@fha

fuka js.@yhg nZ|=kalr ke;' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@ylr we;s .eUqre ufkda jsoHd;aul moku foi

ne,Q l< jegyS hkqfha iuzmQrAK mxpYS, m@;smodju f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a I;r n@yau jsyrK mdol

lrf.k njhs'

fyj;a tla tla mqoa.,hdg ;ud flfrys;a iuia; iudch flfrys;a we;s jkakdjQ us;@YS,s

wdl,amh ohdjka;Ndjh wkHiemf;ys i;gg m;ajSu yd uOHia:;djh hk ufkdajsoHdkQl~, ia:r

i;rla Tiafia mxp YS, m@;smodj kuska yeZoskafjk m@;sudk moaO;sh f.dvkeZ.S we;s njhs' fuu

ufkdajsoHdkQl~, jsjrKh me;slv folla Tiafia ;u pska;k osYdk;sh fufyhjk nj fmfka' tkuz

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

698mqoa., me;slv yd iudc me;slv hk fowxYhhs flfklf.a idrA:lFjh rZod mj;skafka fuu

foxYfhysu idrA:lFjh u;nj ld,du iQ;@fhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska fm<UjSuz kHdh

whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu

;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlrKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ fm<UjSuz kHdh

whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k

muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka

Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS

mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka

Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'

[email protected] fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk

njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a

wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia

fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh

whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros

fkdfjz fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a

wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla

lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl

iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka

Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj

hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a

wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz

oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

699 tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS

;rAlkh(Logical Implication)1 mokuzlrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg

.ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula

ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka

Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd

fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre

lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS

kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)2 mokuz lrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg

.ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula

fuz whqrska fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla

,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka

je<lSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau

taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu;

fkdlrhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz

fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)3 ;ukaf.a mQj!

ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'

idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s'

tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a

wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq;`

wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh

yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)4 mdollrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a

wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj

nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu

lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka

wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyels

nj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ Y@jKhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh

fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOs

l@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

1 tu ud ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;ùd ;lal fya;` 2 tu ud kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;ùd kh fya;` 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

700

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lS l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq

,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1

lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'

.rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkd

yel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j

ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs

we;euzjsg fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi

wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok

YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs'

uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq

uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz fm<UjSuz kHdh

whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfu l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka

uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu

fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g

meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys;

;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis;

miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg

.ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq

,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd fm<UjSuz

kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ

oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka

je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

jsfYaIfhkau mqoa., fm#reI jO!k l@shdj,sh flfrys fukau mqoa.,hd iudch flfrys .kqfokq

lrkq wdldrh flfryso ld,du iQ;@h wjOdrkh fhduqlr ;sfnkq oelsh yelsh' tu ksid idrA:l

idrOu! l@shdj,shla nsysjSu Wfoid mqoa., yd iudc hk fowxYfhkau tlfiau iyfhda.hla wjYH

nj;a ta msKsi iudch ukdj mqoa.,hdg neZoS mej;sh hq; nj;a ta neZoSu wF:!j;a jkafka iudc

m@;sudk moaO;sh fkdlvfldg iqrCIs; lsrSu mqoa.,hd w;ska bgqjkafka kuz muKla nj;a ld,du

iQ;@.; b.ekajSuz ;,ska fy,s fjz'

1 tu ud iufKda fkdaud iufKda fkdaud iufKda fkdaud iufKda fkda .rE;s.rE;s.rE;s.rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ buddhist values...

Education