Canada is a Multicultural society. Over 4.3 million people living in Canada

were born in another country (>16% of the pop.).

Immigrant bring customs to Canada that they are encouraged to keep.

Many Canadians, therefore, consider themselves both their from their native homeland and their adopted homeland.

So, our society is a mix of Pakistani-Canadians, Chinese-Canadians, Italian-Canadians, etc.

First-generation Canadians - are immigrants who become.

Second-generation Canadians - First-generation Canadians' children.

A learned social behavior transmitted through such things as customs, beliefs, values, technology and art.

A society in which ethnic groups retain their cultural heritage.

CulturalSocial

PhysicalHistorical

The effects of culture, either physical, or social on the environment.

Two types of cultural imprints:Social imprintsPhysical imprints

A pattern of behavior, such as customs, language and religion of a social group.

Language:Result of immigration (French and English)First language: The language a person learns

to speak first and continues to understandPrimary language: The language most

commonly spoken in a country.

The way in which people leave distinct cultural signs on their environment.

A lot of immigrants prefer living among people of their own ethnic heritage to avoid culture clash.A feeling of isolation that people experience

when they move to a different environment.

Ethnic NeighborhoodsAreas within the larger community that share

common cultural and ethnic characteristics.

CensusMeans by which governments count and collect

population data. Census subdivisions

A geographic region established for the purpose of conducting a census.

Census tracts In urban areas, the further division of a census

subdivision into smaller units.

More notes

Woo!

Multiculturalism A social system in which people of

different ethnic backgrounds are encouraged to maintain their traditions and customs.

Assimilation When all ethnic groups are encouraged

to blend into a single dominant culture.

Also called a melting pot.

Historical Imprints A historical imprint left by people in the

past.

European settlement.

Land Patterns in Quebec

Contract between early French settlers and aboriginal people.

Developed for the fur trade.

Made Montreal and Quebec thriving communities.

Land Patterns in Quebec

Expansion led to farmers cultivating land.

In the late 1600s and early 1700s, the King of France granted land to landlords who are now referred to as the seigneurs.

Land Patterns in Quebec: Definition

Seigneurs

French Landlords responsible for establishing early settlements I n Quebec.

Habitants

An early French peasant settler in Quebec.

Land Patterns in Quebec: Definitions

Roture

A land grant offered to early French settlers in Quebec.

Seigneuries

Long, narrow land lots given to early French settlers.

Land Patterns in Quebec: Definitions

Radial Land Pattern

A French patter of land use radiating from a central point.

Land Patterns in Ontario

1760 – The Great Lakes were colonized by Britain.

Created blocks of land called “townships”

Started with a “baseline” which were nearest and parallel to the great lakes

Then roads were built parallel to this baseline called “concessions”

Land Patterns in Ontario Concessions were about

2km apart.

Concessions were numbered with Roman numerals.

“Side roads” ran perpendicularly to concession roads to form a grid.

Side roads were about 2 km apart as well.

Land Patterns in the Prairies

Flat until the Rocky Mountains

Able to watch your dog run away for about 2 weeks in Saskatchewan.

Settlement Patterns in Atlantic Canada

Most of the early settlement happened here.

Poor soil, hilly landscape, brutal climate made agriculture.

Therefore, turned to mining, logging and fishing were the primary industries.

These industries led to a more dispersed or scattered settlement patterns.

Settlement Patterns in Atlantic Canada

Also led to frequently long distances between communities.

Most transportation is coastal.