Framing the Constitution

Charles A Beard1913

Introduction Suggests a cohesive, conspiratorial economic

elite.o Founding Fathers were not philosopher kingso Reason for the convention was to limit majority ruleo Safeguard private property against the masses

• Originally, the idea was not widely accepted• Key leaders at convention were not substantial property

owners

Summary We must study the Constitution’s formation. Independence was a radical response to tyranny. Use of conventions were the groundwork for the

new government. Early proposed alterations existed. Delegates were limited in what they could

change.

Summary It was an incredible group that was assembled. Many examples of their experience. Accomplished men showed up for this convention.

The earlier radical were not there. The idea of the masses had never worked. They

only wanted to make them feel like they were involved.

Summary The assembly was not idealistic about democracy

and equality, but practical about how to preserve wealth.

Privileged aristocracy guards against volatile democracy.

They feared popular revolt of those without property.

Definitions for property and qualifications for voting were troublesome.

Summary Checks and balances preserves property against

the attacks and oppression of the majority. Many devises to keep parliamentary majorities

out of popular hands. Veto is essential to stop bad popular law. Ratifying conventions were a way to keep the new

government near the people.

Summary Delegate conventions were merely suggested, not

required. Early campaigning to ratify and begin.

The Federalist Papers Us government is not a Democracy

o Fragmented authority

Roche or Beard Both and Neither

?