chemical reactivity – how much an element reacts depends on the electron configuration of its...
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![Page 1: Chemical Reactivity – How much an element reacts depends on the electron configuration of its atoms. › Ex: O and Ne Noble gases are least reactive](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081908/5697bf881a28abf838c89781/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ions and Ionic Compounds
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Simple Ions
Chemical Reactivity – How much an element reacts depends on the electron configuration of its atoms.› Ex: O and Ne
Noble gases are least reactive. Alkali metals and halogens are most
reactive. WHY?
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Valence Electrons
Group number tells you how many electrons are in an element’s valence shell.
Atoms gain and lose electrons to become stable.
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Characteristics of Stable Ions
An atom and its ion have different chemical properties. › Stable ion should not be confused with
noble gas Has a charge now and forms a compound.
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Atoms and Ions
Atoms of metals & nonmetal elements form Ions differently.› Almost all metals form cations
Ex: Mg – 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Takes less energy to lose 2 electrons, than gain 6.
Nonmetals form anions› Ex: O – 1s2 2s2 2p4› Gaining 2 electrons requires less energy than
losing 6.
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Ionic Bonding & Salts
Form between ions of opposite charges (+ & -). › Compound becomes electrically neutral. › Ex: NaCl
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Ionic Bonding & Salts
Ionization energy – energy needed to remove the outermost electron from an atom.
Endothermic – Needs energy to be put in the reaction in order for the reaction to occur.
Exothermic – Reaction releases energy (often heat).
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Ionic Bonds
Strong Have high melting/boiling points Rarely gas at room temp. When dissolved conduct electric
current. Salts are hard and brittle.
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Names and Formulas:
Simple Ions:› Cation borrows name of element: K is
potassium ion.› When element forms 2+ ions, roman
numerals are used: Ex: Cu+ : copper (I) ion
Cu 2+ : copper (II) ion
› Anion also uses element name but, add ide to end. Ex: chloride, oxide
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Naming a compound
Cation name followed by anion› Ex: NaCl sodium chloride› Ex: Mg3N2 magnesium nitride› Ex: K2 potassium oxide
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Writing ionic formulas
Must have no overall charge (neutral).› Ex: Mg 2+ and N3-
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Naming Polyatomic Ions
Presence of Oxygen – ite and -ate. The one with less O is ite, while the one with more O is ate.› Ex: SO3
2- is sulfite SO42- is sufate
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Naming of Polyatomic Ions
Presence of hydrogen indicated by using hydrogen.
Prefixes are used to indicate how many hydrogen› Ex: H2PO4
2- : dihydrogen phosphate.
MUST KNOW: CO32- , OH- , NO3
- , NO2- ,
phosphate, sulfate, sulfite.
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Naming Compounds w/ Polyatomic Ions
K2 CO3
Name cation: name of the element. Name anion: what is the charge? Write it out Potassium carbonate