SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED

DISEASES (STD)

Lecture in Health 3

CHLAMYDIA

Cause

Chlamydia Trachomatis Bacterium Infection

Signs and Symptoms

Women› a minor increase in vaginal discharge caused by an

inflamed cervix.› cystitis (an inflammation of the lining of the

bladder).› the need to urinate more frequently, or pain whilst

passing urine.› pain during sexual intercourse or bleeding after sex.› mild lower abdominal pains.› irregular menstrual bleeding.› a painful swelling and irritation in the eyes (if they

become infected).

Symptoms

Men› a white/cloudy and watery discharge from

the penis that may stain underwear.› a burning sensation and/or pain when

passing urine.› a painful swelling and irritation in the eyes

(if they become infected).

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Treatment

Swab test Urine test Antibiotics

HERPES

Cause

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Signs and Symptoms

itching or tingling sensations in the genital or anal area.

small fluid-filled blisters that burst leaving small painful sores.

pain when passing urine over the open sores (especially in women).

headaches. backache. flu-like symptoms, including swollen

glands or fever.

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Treatment

There is no cure for the herpes simplex virus and treatment is not essential

GENITAL WARTS

Cause

Human Papilloma Virus

Signs and Symptoms

pinkish/white small lumps or larger cauliflower-shaped lumps on the genital area.

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Treatment

There is no treatment that can completely eliminate genital warts once a person has been infected. › Podophyllin resin › Podopfilox lotion/gel › Cryocautery (also called cryotherapy)› Laser treatments › Electrocautery› Surgical excision

GONORRHEA

Cause

Neisseria Gonnorheae Bacterium

Signs and Symptoms

Women› a change in vaginal discharge; it may

appear in abundance, change to a yellow or greenish color, and develop a strong smell.

› a burning sensation or pain while urinating.› irritation and/or discharge from the anus.

Symptoms

Men› a white or yellow discharge from the

penis.› a burning sensation or pain whilst

passing urine.› irritation and/or discharge from the

anus.

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Treatment

Treatment is easy and essential. The patient will be given an antibiotic in tablet, liquid or injection form.

HEPATITIS A, B, AND C

Cause

Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus

Signs and Symptoms

Hepatitis A› a short, mild, flu-like illness.› nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.› loss of appetite.› weight loss.› jaundice (yellow skin and whites of eyes,

darker yellow urine and pale feces).› itchy skin.› abdominal pain.

Signs and Symptoms

› Hepatitis B and C is similar to hepatitis A in its symptoms, but is more likely to cause chronic long-term illness and permanent damage to the liver if not treated.

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Treatment

HAV-There is no specific treatment for HAV and most people fight off the virus naturally, returning to full health within a couple of months.

HBV-Antiviral medication is given as treatment to those with chronic symptoms to help prevent further liver damage. These medications may be injected or given in pill form.

Treatment

HCV -Treatment combines the antiviral drugs. However, the antiviral drugs may cause

significant side effects that may be intolerable for some people. These include: › headaches› flu-like symptoms› nausea› tiredness› body aches› depression› skin rashes

SYPHILIS

Cause

spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum

Signs and Symptoms

Primary syphilis will show between 2 weeks and 3 months after contracting the infection. It begins with a skin sore known as a chancre.

The second stage of syphilis is secondary syphilis. This is the most contagious of all stages. The bacteria spreads and causes syphilis throughout the body.

Signs and Symptoms

› Following are some of the symptoms of secondary syphilis:

-- Skin rash appears anywhere on the body, but mainly on the palms and soles -- Fever -- Fatigue -- Swollen lymph nodes -- Sudden hair loss -- Sudden weight loss -- Headache -- Body pain -- Loss of appetite -- White patches anywhere on the body

Signs and Symptoms

Once the symptoms of secondary syphilis have cleared away, it will progress into latent syphilis. There are no symptoms for latent syphilis and the infection can only be detected by a blood test.

Signs and Symptoms

It could take from 2 to 20 years (as much as 50 years in rare cases) for the infection to reach the tertiary syphilis stage. All the while the bacteria keep multiplying and gradually damaging and forming lesions in the bones, nervous tissues, skin, liver, heart, and arteries.

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Treatment

Penicillin is the most effective medication in eliminating the bacteria that cause syphilis.

THE END