√ coral species id □ colony shape (branching, mound, plates, column, crust, etc) □ colony...
TRANSCRIPT
√ Coral Species ID
□ Colony shape (branching, mound, plates, column, crust, etc)
□ Colony surface (bumpy, smooth, ridges)
□ Polyp/Corallite Size (small, big)
□ Polyp/Corallite shape (round/elliptical, irregular, y-shaped, ‘ innies vs outies’ ridge/valley)
□ Polyp color (green, brown, tan, yellow, olive, red)
Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessmentwww.agrra.org
University of Miami, RSMASDr. Robert Ginsburg
Different corallite shapes & sizes
Diploriastrigosa
© W
. Har
rigan
© M
. Whi
te
© S
. Sul
eim
án©
R. S
tene
ck
Examples of massive stony corals
Montastraea faveolata
Montastraea cavernosa
Poritesastreoides
Montastraea faveolata MFAV
© S
. Tho
rnto
n
© S
. Tho
rnto
n
Form very large mounds, platesor crusts (to 4-5 m /12-15 ft)
Small, round polyps
Montastraea faveolata MFAVSurfaces smooth, ridged, or with bumps aligned in vertical rows
© W. Harrigan © M. Weber © R. Steneck
M. faveolata MFAV
Colonies are flattened, massive-plates with smooth surfaces under conditions of low light.
© T
. Tur
ner
© A. Bruckner
How similar to M. faveolataSmall polyps
Smooth surface
How differentColonies are subdivided into numerous mounds or
columns with live polyps at
their summits.
Plates at colony bases under low light conditions.(to 3-4 m/9-12 ft)
Montastraea annularis MANN
© B
. Kak
uk
M. faveolata MFAV
Which is which?
M. annularis MANN
© L
. Ben
venu
ti
Montastraea franksi MFRA
© P. Humann
Close-up
How similar to M. faveolataSmall polyps and bumps
How differentSome polyps in bumps are larger, irregularly shaped, and may lack zooxanthellae.
More aggressive spatial competitor.
© R. Steneck
Montastraea franksi MFRA
How similar to M. faveolataForm mounds, short columns, crusts, and/or plates.
How differentBumps are scatteredover colony surface.(to 3-4 m/9-12 ft)
Montastraea franksi MFRAFlattened, massive plate morphology in low light conditions.
How similar to M. annularisSmall round polyps
Mounds
How differentLighter colors in life,
Walls of some polyps are
more distinct (“outies”)
Bumpy colony surface
(to ~1/2 m/<20 in)
Solenastrea bournoni SBOU
How similar to S. bournoniLight colours
Polyps with distinct walls
How differentIrregular, lobes above
an encrusting base(to ~2/3 m/2 ft)
Solenastrea hyades SHYA
Humann (1993).
Montastraea cavernosa MCAV
© J
. Lan
g
Close-up
large, round polyps
M.cavernosa MCAV
Mounds, single columns,
thick crusts or thick plates.(< 3 m/9 ft)
Pink fluoresencesometimes seen underwater is due to a symbiotic cyanobacterium in the polyps.
© E. Weil
M. Cavernosa MCAV
© T
. Tur
ner
Colonies can form flattened, massive-plates in low light conditions.
© P
. Hum
ann
How similar to M. cavernosaDistinct polyps
Mounds, crusts or plates
© R
. Ste
neck
Dichocoenia stokesi DSTO
How differentAt least some elliptical
and Y-shaped polyps(usually <.5 m/18 in)
How similar to D. stokesiDistinct, round-elongated polyps, some are Y-shaped.
How differentPolyps look more “spread out.”
Smaller colonies(usually <10cm/4 in)
Favia fragum FFRA
© P. Humann
Palythoa caribaeorum
M. cavernosa
Palythoa
Close-up
How similar toM. cavernosa and D. stokesiDistinct polyps, some round
and others elliptical
Cream or light tan colour
How differentSoft-bodied crusts
Very aggressive spatial
competitor
© P. Humann © R. McCall
© L
. Ben
venu
ti
Palythoa caribaeorum
Can be an excellent, early bleaching indicator
partially bleached colonies
Siderastrea siderea SSIDSunken polyps (“innies”) with thin septa
© R
. Ste
neck
Mounds
(to ~ 2 m/6 ft)
bleached
Siderastrea siderea SSID
© R
. St e
neck
Siderastrea siderea SSID
Fluorescent colours in some bleached colonies.
bleached
© R
. Gin
sbur
g
dead
Siderastrea radians SRADIrregular, sunken “pinched” polyps with fatter septa Small (to ~1/3 m/12 in)
Which is which?
S. siderea S. radians
Stephanocoenia intersepta SINT
Flat polyps which are darker (have more zoox. pigments) than intervening tissues
“Blush” when contracting
Mounds or crusts(to <1 m/<3 ft)
© E
. Wei
l
Yellow, yellow-green or olive (shallow), gray or brown (deep or shade)
Small mounds, thick crusts or plates
(usually < 1 m/3 ft)
© E
. Wei
l
Porites astreoides PAST
Polyps are narrow–but tall and look “fuzzy” when expanded.
Colony surfaces are usually bumpy.
Close-up
Porites astreoides PAST
© P. Humann
Colpophyllia natans CNAT
© A
. Bru
ckne
r
Close-up
How different from other
brain coralsHas narrow “lines” along the
top, and midway down the
sides, of the ridges.
Often bicoloured
Forms largest of brain coral mounds in shallow water.(to ~3 m/10 ft)
Colpophyllia natans CNAT
© R
. Ste
neck
Colpophyllia natans CNAT
© T. Turner
Forms massive-plates in low light conditions
How different from other brain coralsDistinct groove along middle of ridge–can be deeper and wider than the valleys.
© R
. McC
all
Diploria labyrinthiformis DLAB
Close-up
Diploria labyrinthiformis DLAB
© R
. McC
all
Mounds in shallowwater(to >1 m/4 ft)
Diploria strigosa DSTR
© L
. Ben
v enu
ti
How different from other brain corals
No distinct groove along middle ofridge.
Mounds or crustsin shallow water.(to ~ 2 m/6 ft)
Diploria strigosa
DSTR
Massive-plates in low light conditions
© Q. Dokken
How different from other brain corals
Narrow ridgesIrregular, lumpy crusts in shallow water
(to >1 m/4 ft)
Diploria clivosa DCLI
© R. Steneck
Meandrina meandrites MMEA
killing P. astreoides
killing P. astreoides
Mounds and massive-plates
Very aggressive for a stony coral
(to ~1 m/3 ft)
How similar to brainsPolyps in meanderingridges and valleys
How differentThick septa
Heavier skeletons
Polyps look bloatedwhen expanded
Some colonies form columns or small conical shapes
Close-up
Meandrina meandrites MMEA
© R. McCall
All species Meandroid
Raised polyp centers look like stars
Small mounds, plates or crusts
Mycetophyllia aliciae
© P
. Dus
tan
Mycetophyllia spp.
Mycetophyllia lamarckiana MLAM + M. danaana MDAM
Fleshy polypsMounds, cones, thickplates(to ~ 1/3 m/12 in)
Mycetophyllia aliciae MALI
Thick crusts or plates
Ridges much reduced in lowlight conditions
(to ~ 1/2 m/20 in.)
© P. Dustan
Mycetophyllia ferox MFER
Narrow ridges and valleys
Thin crusts orplates
(to ~2/3 m/2 ft)
© A. Budd
Very fleshy, wide meandroid polyps
Narrow line alongtop of ridges
Small mounds
(to ~20 cm/8 in)
Isophyllia sinuosa ISIN
© R. Steneck
How different from Mycetophyllia danaana
Fleshier polyps
No “stars’ around mouths
Isophyllia sinuosa ISIN
© D
. Fen
ner
© D
. Fen
ner
Which is which?
Isophyllia sinuosa ISIN
M. lamarckiana MLAM
Very fleshy polyps
Thin line along ridgetops
Small mounds(to <20 cm/8 in)
How different
Very short, constricted valleys usually only have 1-2 polyps
Isophyllastrea rigida IRIG
© R
. Ste
neck
How similar to Isophyllia sinuosa
Larger, more fleshy polyps
Lighter polyp colours
More aggressive toother stony corals(to ~15 cm/6 in)
Scolymia lacera SLAC
© R
. Ste
neck
How different from Scolymia cubensis
Tiny, reticulate polyps
Form plates, crusts, lumps, and keeled colonies
Smallest of the agariciids (to ~ 1 m/3 ft)
Agaricia agaricites AAGA
plate
lump
keels
How different from A. agaricites Tiny, reticulate polyps on both sides of thin keels.
Agaricia tenuifolia ATEN
© R
. Ste
neck
Forms larger colonies (to ~ 4 m/12 ft)
Agaricia tenuifolia ATEN
© R
. Ste
neck
How different from A. agaricites
How different from A. agaricitesThick, dense platesDistinct polyp mouths
(to ~ 2 m/6 ft)
Agaricia lamarcki ALAM
How different from A. agaricitesThin plates, not reticulateDistinct septa; polyp mouths point towards colony margin
(to ~ 2 m/6 ft)
Leptoseris (Helioseris) cucullata LCUC
Can be confusedwith A. undata(has smaller, straighter ridges; Humann p. 142)
Examples of branching stony corals
Acroporacervicornis
Acroporapalmata
© R. McCall
Poritesporites
© K
. Des
ai
© R. McCall
Fragment easily; colony boundaries may be indistinct
Porites porites PPOR
Fat, stubby branches with blunt tips
© R. Steneck
Porites porites PPOR
(Clumps to >1 m/3ft wide)
Millepora complanata
© K. Desai
Porites furcata PFUR
Thin, long brancheswith round tips
(Clumps to >1 m/3ft wide)
© R. Steneck
Porites divaricata PDIV
Thin, widely-spaced branches, many Y-shaped at tip
(Clumps to ~1/3 m/1ft wide)
Acropora cervicornis ACER
© R. Steneck
Long, thin round branches
(contiguous colonies to ~3m/10 ft)
Acropora palmata APAL
© K. Desai
Millepora complanata
Flattened or thick-rounded branches
Acropora palmata APAL
Clumps to >1 m/3ft wide
© R. McCall
(Continguous colonies to ~4m/12 ft)
Acropora prolifera APRO
Intermediate in appearance & is a hybrid between A. palmata and A. cervicornis
See Human p. 91
Madracis mirabilis MMIR
Close-up
Thin, near-parallel branches with blunt tipsOften expanded by day.
© M. Vermeij
Madracis mirabilis MMIRDense clumps
(Can be many meters/10s of ft wide in sheltered habitats)
© R
. Ste
neck
Madracis decactis MDEC
Short, stubby knobsor lumpy crusts
10 septa/polyp
(to ~15 cm/6 in)
Madracis formosa MFOR
How different from M. decactis
Upright branchesWith blunt tops
8-10 septa/polyp
(to < 2m/6 ft)
Eusmilia fastigiata EFASRound to ovoid, stalked poylps
(to ~2/3 m/<3 ft)
© R
. Ste
neck
Mussa angulosa MANG
How similar to E. fastigiata Stalked polyps, only alive at tips
How differentPolyps are fleshy, larger, round, and opaque in colour
Septa have large teeth
(to <1 m/3 ft)
Dendrogyra cylindrus DCYL
© L
. Ben
venu
ti
Polyps usually expanded by day
Dense columns,
(to >3m/10 ft)
Millepora spp.
How different from scleractinian stony corals
Smooth colony surface has tiny pores with minute, translucent polyps.
© R
. Mc C
all
Millepora alcicornis
Millepora complanata MCOM
Box-like keels
(to ~2/3 m/<3 ft)
© R. Steneck
Millepora alcicornis MALC
How different from M. complanata
Encrusts substratum and other organismsSmall, rounded branches
© R. Steneck
(to ~1/2 m/<20 in)
© R. Steneck