YOSEMITEVOLUME XXXVIII - NUMBER 12

DECEMBER 1959

IN COOPERATION •ITH THE NATIONAL PARR . SERVICE.

In 1857, when 43 years of age, Galen Clark (left) was told that he had not long to live andshould move from Mariposa to a more favorable climate of a higher elevation . This led t,his settling on the South Fork of the Merced River, at present day Wawona, and establishinoa hotel to accommodate early-day visitors to Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove . Clar4died in 1910 at the ripe old age of 96.

COVER — Galen Clark, Yosemite ' s first Guardian, at the base of the Grizzly Giant.—Photo by Watktus, 181t~

yosemiteNAILER! NOTE S

Since 1922, the monthly publication of theNational Park Service and the Yosemite NaturalHistory Association in Yosemite National Park.

John C . Preston, Park Superintendent

Douglass H . Hubbard, Park Naturalist

Robert F. Upton, Associate Park Naturalist

D^'tl F . McCrary, Assistant Park Naturalist

Herbert D . Cornell, Junior Park Naturalist

Keith A . Trexler, Park Naturalist Trainee

DEC'EAIBLR 1959

GALEN CLARK'S LIBRARY

by Jim Fox, Ranger-Naturalist

Probably the most revered pioneer Lodge of the Sierra Club, to whichhi Yosemite history was Galen Clark . he was a charter member . They areIn 1855 he first saw the Valley, and there now, kept in Yosemite Valleylit 1857 he established the first hostel

available to the public.at what is now Wawona. It was at A survey of the books in the Galenthat time the halfway point on the Clark Collection is of interest to thetrail from Mariposa to Yosemite Val- historian as it may shed some lightlay and was known as Clark 's on the interests of Clark.Ranch. In the many books written by It should be noted that many ofactrly Yosemite visitors there are the books had belonged to Clark ' sfrequent remarks of Galen Clark son, Galen Alonzo Clark . Alonzoand his hostel. Nearly all of them was raised in the East by relativespraise his knowledge and his li- after his mother died in 1848 . He at-1'rary.

tended Phillips' Exeter Academy andFor twenty-four years he was a Harvard, from which he was gradu-

member of the Board of Commission atsd in 1870. In 1871 he came to

mars of Yosemite, and for twenty-twoyears he was "Guardian of Yosem California to be with his father . He

Ile " , while it was a State Park. In died in 1874 and at that time his

1(310 he died at the age of ninety-six . z books joined his father 's collection .3A t that time his books were pre- The following books were those ofnonted to the LeConte Memorial his son, Alonzo:

1 WOK., XXXVHI NO. 12

Charles Darwin, On the Origin of the Species (1870)Arthur, Ten Nights in a Barroom (1859)Steward, Philosophy of the Human Mind (1866)Hamilton, Metaphysics (1868)Woolsey, International Law (1870)Hallam, The Middle Ages (1870)Maine, Ancient Law (1870)Gibbons, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1868)Macauley, Lays of Ancient Rome (1862)Bryce, Holy Roman Empire (1871)Student's History of France (1870)Arnold, Modern History (1870)Turner, History of Germany (1867)Weber, Outline of Universal History (1853)Tenot, Coup d 'Etat of Napoleon III (1870)Owen, Homer ' s Iliad (in Greek) (1866)Duruy, Histoire des Temps Modernes (1870)Marechal, Histoire Contemporaine (1868)Zschokke, Tales (1845)Turner, English and French History (1868)Vattel, Law of Nations (1820)Parton, General Butler in New OrleansCrofutt, Transcontinental Tourist Guide (1871)Mill, Considerations on Representative Government (1862)Mill, A System of Logic (1869)Stephen, History of France (1860)Bowen, Logic (1866)Lempriere, Dictionary of Antiquity (1837)Kohlrausch, History of Germany (1864)Bowen, American Political Economy (1870)Rogers, Manual of Political Economy (1869)Smith, Wealth of Nations (1868)Mill, Principles of Political Economy (1870)Corneille, Le Cid (1870)The Federalist (1864)Dews, Digest of Ancient and Modern Nations (1870)

Parks and recreation must be considered as correlative with the other maicobjectives in planning for our state and our Nation . We must advance togther and insist that planning for parks and recreation be in proper balancwith planning for other purposes .

--Conrad L . Wirth

Of the books that belonged to of those that he acquired before 1876,QOI.n Clark and can be used to and which were in his library atWarn of his interests and mental Clark' s Ranch.slant it might be well to speak first

D. Thoreau, Yankee in Canada (1866)D. Thoreau, Letters (1865)Thomas Henry Huxley, Lay Sermons and Reviews (1871)Randolph, Pre-Adamite Man (1873)Milton, Poetical WorksTennyson, Idyls of the King (1863)Longfellow, Tales of the Wayside Inn (1863)Aytoun, Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers (1866)Bunyan, Pilgrim ' s Progress (1854)Hayward, Goethe ' s Faust (1859)Dana, Two Years before the Mast (1869)Scott, Waverley NovelsBrewster, St . Martin ' s Summer (1866)Beckett, Comic Blackstone (1868)Thackeray, The Newcomes (1855)Felton, Smith 's History of Greece (1855)Lyman, Historical Chart and Key (1874)Murray, Encyclopedia of All Nations (1863)Pare, Co-operative Agriculture (1870)Phillips, Manual of Metallurgy (1859)Henderson, Practical Floriculture (1874)Gray, Lessons in Botany (1863)Hoopes, Book of Evergreens (1868)Wood, American Botanist (1873)Geological Survey of California, Geology Vol . I (1865)Bedollirre, Mere Michel et son Chat, (1869)Moliere, Oevres Completes (1864)Book of Common Prayer of Episcopal Church (1873)Mosheim, Ecclesiastical History (1832)Holy Bible (1851)Dick, Works (On the Diffusion of Knowledge Among All Classes,

1823)White, Poetry of the Civil War (1866)Brownlow, Sketches of Secession (1862)Greeley, An Overland Journey (1860)Bowles, Across the Continent (With author 's inscription to Clark

personally) (1865)Greenwood, New Life in New Lands (1873)Dickson, Japan (1869)Bowles, Our New West (1869)

163 YOSEMITE

It will be noticed that these are burning topic of Evolution, and thelargely books of current and/or gen- books by Thoreau, the first Consereral literary interest, with a few ref-

vationist.erences on the natural sciences, and

The hooks acquired by Clark aftera smattering of history and philoso-

1866, in his later years, tell a fasciaphy. Most interesting to the historian citing story.are the books expounding the then

—Mude u' l,,, n aII

Galen Clarks service as Guardian covered two terms and totaled twenty-two year, .

Galen Clark and friends at the Wawona Tunnel Tree.

John Muir, The Mountains of California (1894)Galen Clark, Big Trees of California (1907)Washburn, Yosemite (1887)John Burroughs, Wake Robin (1897)John Buroughs, A Year in the Fields (1897)Dept . of Agriculture, Bulletin No . 7, Forest Influences (1893)Wheeler, Report of Geological Survey (1879)Powell, Explorations of the Colorado River (1875)Dept . of Agriculture, The Use, of the National Forests (1907)John Tyndall, Fragments of Science (1876)Ernest Haeckel, The History of Creation (1883)Connor, Black Rock (1900)Ruskin, Sesame and Lilies (1892)James, Indian Basketry (1902)Fiske, Civil Government in the U .S . (1891)Rattan, California Flora (1880)Keeler, Bird Notes Afield (1907)Geological Survey of California, Botany Vols . I and II (1876 & 1880)Lyell, Manual of Geology (1880)Donnelly, Ragnarok, Age of Fire and Gravel (1887)Marsh, U . S . Geological Exploration - Odontornithes (1880)Notovich, Unknown Life of Christ (1894)Swedenborg, Divine Love and Divine Wisdom (1883)Markham, Governor H . H. - Second Biennial Message to the Cali-

fornia State Legislature, thirty-first session, 1895 . Inscribedto Clark personally by the Governor.

Bryan, (et al) Republic or Empire, The Phillippine Question 1899,with an inscription by Bryan to Clark personally.

Lr onidns, Private Smith rit the Phillippines (1899)Bryan. The First Battle (18%)

Who will gainsay that the

parks contain the highest

potentialities of national

pride, national contentment,

and national health? A visit

inspires love of country;

begets contentment; engenderspride of possession ; contains

the antidote for national

restlessness . It teaches

love of nature, of trees and

flowers, the rippling brooks,

the crystal lakes, the snow-

clad mountain peaks, the wild-

life encountered everywhere

amid native surroundings . Heis a better citizen with a

keener appreciation of the

privilege of living here who

has toured the national parks.

STEPHEN T. MATHER

DIRECTOR 1916-1929

NATIONAI . PARK SERVICE

This list shows that the earlier region . The Notovitch and Swedenbooks on evolution, supplemented berg books indicate a growth of inby one of his son's books by Darwin, terest in mystical religious philoseestablished a firm interest which phy in Clark 's later life. Finally, andcontinued with him into the eighties . most interesting, are the books inchThat his interest in conservationgrew and matured is illustrated by cating a growth of interest in polilithe addition to his collection of cal questions of his day, and in the

works by Muir and Burroughs, Major processes of politics the books byPowell 's tale of his explorations, and Bryan, Leonidas, Fiske.the Forest Service publications . It is Finally it should be mentionedalso clear that his interest in and that Clark turned author toward the

knowledge of the natural sciences end of his life. These four writing :,was growing, particularly with re- were published by him after heBard to the Sierra and Yosemite turned ninety years old:

Indians of the Yosemite Valley and Vicinity (Yosemite, 1904), 110 p . illus.Big Trees of California, (Yosemite, 1907) 104 p . illus."Yosemite: Past and Present, " Sunset, April, 1909, pp . 394-396.The Yosemite Valley : Its History Characteristic Features, and the Theories

Regarding its Origin (Yosemite, 1910) (Nelson L . Slater) 108 p . illus.

Of them, only Big Trees of California

The other book probably is lost,is in the Galen Clark Collection in

strayed or stolen.LeConte Memorial now . The signifi- This last suggestion is partly thecant absence of his other writings reason for this article . There ismay be explained in various ways : considerable probability that other

The last one had probably not books have been similarly lost andcome from the printer at the time that still others will be in the future.

of his death .

This note is some protection of thefacts against future loss, and may

The Magazine may have just worn help to clear the trail for further studyout .

on Galen Clark.

Carl P . Russell, One Hundred Years in Yosemite . Berkeley, University of Cali-fornia Press, 1947 . pp. 99-100.

2 Katherine Ames Taylor, Lights and Shadows of Yosemite. San Francisco, H . S.Crocker Company, Inc ., 1926. pp. 38-40.

3 Mrs. H. J . Taylor, Yosemite Indians and other Sketches . San Francisco, johnck& Seeger, 1936 . pp. 43-50 .

THE ORIGINAL DIVEBOMBER

Chuck Vollmer, Ranger-Naturalist

I had witnessed dive bombing The intrusion of a Goshawk 's nest-

attacks during the last war, but never ing territory is quite another matter.had I been the object of nature 's or- From the hawk 's viewpoint, yourIgtnal dive-bomber, the Goshawk. presence is just cause for vicious

This deliberate attack against me attacks . William Leon Dawson in

was, of course, nothing personal . It

The Birds of California, writes about anwas merely an overdeveloped ex- attack on his partner while on a trip

pression of parental instinct, that

in the Northern Cascades . ) Theyachieved its intended purpose .

were not aware that a certainOnce on a hike up the Sunrise stretch of woods belonged to a high-

Trail, I had a reception of quite an- ly virtuous pair of Goshawks untilother kind from our fine feathered one of the blue terrors struck a blowfriends. I had entered the domain of from behind that sent one of the mensmaller birds where the Hudsonian sprawling.Lilo zone and the Canadian Life Lloyd G . Ingles, writing in The.ones meet. Here on the south slope Condor, tells of the experience of. f the Little Yosemite Valley Red Firs, Ranger Carence Fry at Sequoia Na-offery Pines, Lodgepole Pines, White tional Park . 2 One morning a Gos-•ines, Quaking Aspen and Chinqua- hawk (Accipter gentilis) swooped at.in are growing at the 9500 foot ele- his car when he parked it near theation .

government corrals near the GiantOn this July morning, while on my Forest . The place was in the upperay to Tuolumne Meadows, the sun transition life zone . The next morningad warmed me greatly, my pack Mr . Ingles and Ranger Fry visitedad pulled at my shoulders till I the area, and were charged savage-ould stand it no longer . As I nibbled ly several times . They soon discov-

en a piece of cheese, many curious ered the nest sixty feet up, and sixnhabitants of the area gathered . I feet out on a limb of a white fir.

ish to believe that they were greet-

It was in the well forested areang me kindly into their summer north of Indian Rock that I encoun-bode, rather than just waiting for tered a Goshawk with an abundance

morsels to drop from my lips . Here of parental instinct. To reach thisan is in the minority, and perhaps area one may approach from Lake

. curiosity. Pairs of Nashville Warb- Tenaya, Yosemite Falls, or, as I did,lers serenaded me from close-by up the Snow Creek switch backs.ranches, while a Williamson 's Sap- from Mirror Lake . After lunch besideucker and a White Breasted Nut- babbling Snow Creek, I chose the

I atch encircled the trunk of the Red Yosemite Valley trail via Yosemitet it I rested under . A Lincoln Sparrow Falls. Not more than one-half hour

nd a Townsends Solitaire made on this trail leads one up a slope toheir appearance in the reception a little known falls of exquisite beau-fne. None of the birds stayed long, ty in miniature. I could sit there alleut made their friendly gesture and day, watching its flow . Whether the

eft .

falls is named or not, I haven ' t been

able to determine; however, its closer than before . His dive beganunique falling under a ledge sug- from a tall pine. It was a power divegests " Shower Falls " .

with sound effects and all . He seemedYou are climbing as you leave the to change his course about ten feet

little falls, and rise to about 7900 feet. above me.As the trail levels off, you enter a Having attacked twice, there wo:dense forested area of White Fir, Jef- a possibility of a third, so I readiedfrey Pine, and Sugar Pine . It hap- my 35mm . camera. It came. Instinct

pened here. An agitated raucous call tively I ducked as I pressed the shutbegan which never ceased during ter release . Next time I ' ll be stouter

the entire period of the encounter . of heart and get him in the straightAfter determining the pedigree of my attack, I thought to myself . I did so.host, I turned to leave his honored It was a perfect shot at about 15 feetdomicile (I still had the longer part distance . Merely for defense, I heldof the hike to complete - 7 or 8 miles) . a stout stick over my head during the

Suddenly his angry cries became next attack . Mission accomplished,louder, and wheeling around I felt he flew away. I had been so busy

the wind from his diving attack . No- with the attacks, I had not seen hi :,

thing has ever surprised me more . It nest. I removed myself from hit,was a well calculated attack and a woods, with a quantity of perspirefinely executed dive . After a closer tion flowing that had not resultedscrutiny with field glasses, his blue- from climbing.gray back, barred chest feathers and Imagine my chagrin when my detail set a visual image in my mind . veloped slides contained not a traceSurely he won 't attack again, I of even a feather.thought to myself, as I began to movefrom his remises . This notion was

1 . S he Birds of California,,Wi

Vlliam Leon Daws

6o

p

_outh Moulton Co1923ol . tV, pages 169

soon dismissed when he began an-

1670.

other dive that seemed to bring him 2 . Lloyd54

NIng5lesP .,21 Th5

e Condor, Vol . 47, Sept-Ort19

No.

Mirror Lake and reflection of Mt . Watkins .—Onas War:!

WHO IS BURIED IN THE WAWONA PIONEER CEMETERY?

lack F. Fry, Ranger-Naturalist

On the low hill just north of the

The second grave of which theHoer Yosemite History Center, is a identity of its occupant is certain is11 cemetery. Of those persons that of Nathan B . Phillips, better

ed in this cemetery we know little . known as "Pike". Pike was one of theseven or eight (or more?) graves, early guides for tourists and, accord-y three are marked, and one of ing to many accounts, was very well

markers is almost illegible .

liked. Phillips ' headstone is of gran-

ly one burial is recorded in the ite . One account states that a youngial files of Mariposa County. The married couple felt indebted to Pikeunts given by persons who live because of a chivalrous act perform-

`! i have lived in the area are con- ed by Phillips . On hearing of his

'Wing- It is hoped that this article will death, the couple provided a sum ofbe read by someone who has some money that was to be used for ainformation regarding this cemetery suitable tombstone . The date ofWhich will help us to accurately Phillips' death is listed as 1894.identify the people buried here, so The third marked grave is that of

that the Wawona Cemetery may be- a young soldier named John L . Yates.

come an effective part of the History Yates was a private in Troop F, 4th

Center .

Calvary. He died on August 2, 1905,

The cemetery consists of two parts : at the age of 22 . He was drowned in

the larger part is enclosed by a small the Merced River while trying to savebrown fence and consists of seven a drowning girl . Private Yates ' death

Or eight graves . The smaller part is r-rtificate is on file in the records of

also enclosed by a brown fence and Mariposa County ; this is the only

Iles a short distance to the east of the record of a burial in Wawona on file

larger portion. There are no markers in Mariposa County.

In the smaller part, and of it we know

The following persons have been

nothing.

reported buried in this cemetery, al-In the large portion of the ceme- though the information is conflicting.

ry are three marked graves, and of

Homer or Jim Snedecker . One re-e identities of these three persons, portedly killed the other, althoughe can be fairly certain . The most the Mariposa County Court Records

southerly grave is that of H . R. (Hank) show that the killer was not broughtSargent . The inscription on the wood- to an official trial.n marker has been faded by time John Hammond . One account

and is almost illegible ; only the states that Hammond was a black-upper portion is readable, and then smith and died in 1895 . Another ac-only if the light is at the correct count states that he was alive inangle. That portion which is legible 1902.

Bays : "In Memory of H. R. Sargent" .

William Van Campen. A relative,A former resident of the Wawona e however, states that Van Campen isarea gives 1878 or 1879 as the dateof Sargent 's death. One source says buried on private land in the Wa-

Sargent was a carpenter while an- Vona area.

other gives his occupation as stage

Thomas Bullock . Bullock was andriver .

Indian, and one source states that

he was known as "Bush Head Torn " . ed so close together when thornA soldier by the name of Rochet surely was much more space avail

(correct spelling not certain) . This in- able for burials?dividual was reported to have been

We would like to answer these an tkilled by the captain 's horse near the other questions regarding this cerw'Wawona (covered) Bridge .

tery . Undoubtedly, there are colorfulTwo suicide victims whose names stories to be told about the persona

are unknown .

buried here which would add muchA number of questions present to the color and interest of the Hi :.

themselves to one who examines this tory Center . If you have inform,:

cemetery. (1) Who is buried in the tion, or know someone who has, re

small section? (2) If Private Yates was garding persons buried in this cemithe last to be buried (and the avail- tery, you can help us answer then'able records show that he was), why questions by getting in touch with tl~ 'is he buried near the middle of the Park Naturalist . Please help us tlarger section? (3) If there are seven find out " Who Is Buried in the Weor eight graves, why are they crowd- wona Cemetery? ".

The old Wells Forgo building will tell the important story of early communications iiYosemite . This and other historic structures of the Pioneer Yosemite History Center coWawona will be open to visitors this summer .

—Gram, NPJ

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE AT THE YOSEMITE MUSEUM

All mail orders should be addressed to, and remittances made payable to, YOSEMITE NATURALHISTORY ASSOCIATION, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA . Prices include postage, insurance,end on proper items, California State Sales Tax 3%, plus I% County Tax.

GINERAL

Adorns' Guide to Yosemite Volley, Illustrated $1 .65Auto Tour of Yosemite Notional Park - Ditton and McHenry 60Campsite Finder (Western) - Hartesveldt 1 .15Climbers Guide to High Sierra - Sierra Club 3 .25Devils Postpile Notional Monument - Hartesveldt 30Exploring Our Notional Parks and Monuments - Butcher (paper) 3 .75Exploring Our Notionol Parks and Monuments - Butcher (cloth) 5 .40Going Light - With Backpack or Burro - Sierra Club 2.25Happy Isles Nature Center, Your Guide to - Hubbard 20Notional Park Story in Pictures - Story __ 80Notional Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (cloth) 6 .20National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (paper) 1 .15Nature Trail - Inspiration Point Self-Guiding - Carpenter 20Nature Trail - Mariposa Grove Self Guiding - Wason 20Place Names of Yosemite Valley - Hartesveldt 30Rocks & Minerals, How to Know Them - Pearl 65Starr 's Guide to John Muir Trail and High Sierra Region 2.25This is California - Obert -- ---°-- 8 .00Waterfalls, Famous, of the World - Brockman 60Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada - Ansel Adams & John Muir 12 .70Yosemite Story, The - Scott .°° °---- ------°-°--°- 1 .20Yosemite Trails & Tales - Taylor .---°°----° 90

ANIMAL LIFE

Animal Tracks, Field Guide to - Murie 4 .30Birds of Pacific States - Hoffman -_ 6 .20Birds, Western, Field Guide to - Peterson 4 .30Birds of Yosemite - Stebbins .-°° _ .85Fishes of Yosemite National Park - Evans-Wallis 50Mammals, Field Guide to - Burt and Grossenheider 4 .30Mammals of Yosemite National Park - Parker 60Reptiles and Amphibians of Yosemite National Park - Walker 45Survey of Sierra Nevada Bighorn - Jones 60

TREES AND FLOWERS

Broodleaved Trees of Yosemite Notionol Park - Brockman 45Cone-bearing Trees of Yosemite National Pork - Cole 45Ferns, Field Guide to - Cobb --°- 4 .30Sequoias, Yosemite, Guide to the - McFarland 45Wildflowers of the Sierra (80 color photos) - Hubbard 55Wildflowers, Western, Field Book of - Armstrong 5 .40

HISTORY AND INDIANS

Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (paper) °-° . . .°°°° 1 .20Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (cloth) 3 .00Gold, Guns and Ghost Towns - Chalfont 4 .05Indians, Yosemite, Yesterday and Today - Godfrey 35John Muir, Protector of the Wilds - Haines-Morrill 2 .00Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (paper) 2 .20Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (cloth) 3 .25Mother Lode Country, Guide to the - Brockman 60100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (paper) °- ._°•° ' ° 2 .20100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (cloth) 3 .25Steve Mather of the National Parks - Shankland 6,20Wilderness World of John Muir, The - Teole 4,85Yosemite : The Story of An Idea - Huth °- ° 35

GEOLOGY AND MAPS

Geologic History of Yosemite Valley (Prof . Paper 160) - Motthes 5 .75Geology of Yosemite Valley, Brief Story of - Beatty 25High Sierra Comp Areas, Pocket Guide to - Clark 60High Sierra Comp Areas, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 .15Incomparable Valley, The - Motthes (paper) 2.15Map of Yosemite National Pork, Topographic - USGS 60Map of Yosemite Valley, Topographic, (geology story printed on bock) 60North Country of Yosemite, Pocket Guide to - Clark 60North Country of Yosemite, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 .15South Boundary Country, Pocket Guide to - Clark 60South Boundary Country, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 .15

FOR CHILDREN

A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (Paper) 1 .20A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3 .00Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1 .20Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3 .00A Notional Pork Adventure _ Hubbard (paper) 1 .20A Notional Park Adventure - Hubbard (cloth) 3 .00