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Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou, Qin.

2100-1700 B.C.E.Xia Dynasty emerges as 1st Chinese dynasty• 1700-1027 B.C.

Shang Dynasty• First to leave written records• Fought many wars• Lived in walled cities (like Sumerians) for protection•

Zhou Dynasty1027 B.C. - Zhou begin rule• Claimed authority to take over by declaring

the Mandate of Heaven– Rulers had divine approval to be rulers, but a

wicked or foolish king could lose the Mandate of Heaven and so lose the right to rule

Zhou DynastyThe Dynastic Cycle• Floods, riots, etc. could be signs that the ancestral spirits were

displeased with a king’s rule• In that case, the Mandate of Heaven might pass to another

noble family• This pattern of rise, decline, & replacement of dynasties was

known as the Dynastic Cycle

Zhou DynastyTerritorial Control – How?

• Feudalism– Political system where nobles, or lords,

are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king

– In return, nobles owe loyalty & military service to the king & protection to the people living on their estates

Zhou DynastyImprovements in Technology & Trade

• Roads & canals built stimulated trade & agriculture

• Coined money introduced further improved trade

• Blast furnaces developed produced cast iron

Zhou Dynasty226 B.C.E. Decline & Fall• Nomads from west & north sacked

capital & MURDERED the monarch• Zhou kings fled, but were powerless to

control noble families• Lords fought neighboring lords

– As their power grew, they claimed to be kings in their own territory

While Zhou was in decline…

Rise of Chinese PhilosophiesConfucianism• Founder:

– Confucius (551-479 B.C.)

• Ideas About Social Order:– Emphasis on family– Respect for elders (filial piety)

• Ideas About Government:– Emphasis on education

• Could change a commoner into a gentleman– Trained civil service essential for good gov’t

5 Basic Social Relationships:

• Ruler & Subject

• Father & Son

• Husband & Wife

• Older Brother & Younger Brother

• Friend & Friend

Qin Dynasty221 B.C.E. Shi Huangdi Assumes Control• Established autocracy – gov’t

that has unlimited power & uses it in an arbitrary (random) manner

• “Strengthen trunk, weaken branches”– Forced noble families to live in

capital under his suspicious gaze– Carved China into 36

administrative districts & sent Qin officials to control them

Qin DynastyShi Huangdi Begins Building Great Wall• Built to prevent invasions from N & W• Enemies would have to gallop halfway to

Tibet to get around it

Family Organization

• Patriarchal– Headed by the eldest male (*this was the same way in

India)• Role of Women

– Limited roles within the family at home & on the farm• Matriarchal

– South India during the Gupta era was matriarchal (headed by the mother rather than father) - property and sometimes thrones were passed through the female line.