divisions: ocean is divided into two basic units. pelagic environment - the ocean water itself. 2%...
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Divisions: Ocean is divided into two basic units. Pelagic environment - The ocean
water itself. 2% of organisms Benthic environment – The
bottom/seafloor. 98 % of organisms Provinces of Pelagic
Environment: Neritic - Shallow part of the ocean
above the drop-off of the continental shelf, shore line-200m
Oceanic – Open ocean; extends from the continental shelf beyond 200m
Oceanic Zones: Epipelagic –surface – 200m
(aka “sunlight zone”)
Mesopelagic - 200m – 1,000m (aka “twilight zone”)
Bathypelagic - 1,000m – 4,000m (aka “midnight zone”)
Abyssopelagic - 4,000m – 6000m (aka “abyssal zone”)
Hadalpelagic –6,000m – 10,000m (aka “hadal zone”)
Other Zones/Terms: Photic Zone: Enough light in which
photosynthesis can take place Apohtic: Not enough light for photosynthesis
to occur.
Classifying Organisms:
Plankton (plankton/photosynthetic organisms) Nekton (free swimmers) Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Physical Anatomical or Structural
Flounder fish have eyes on one side of body, penguin wings reduced to flippers
Behavioral Something learned or innate
snails go up stalks to avoid high tide, female penguins hunt while male keeps the egg
Physiological Process
In sea turtles during long dives, blood is shunted away from tissues tolerant of low oxygen levels toward the heart, brain, and central nervous system. Male penguins can make milk.
Taxonomy - The science of classification of living things
Carolus Linnaeus - Devised a classification system for organisms based on structural similarity. Linnaeus’ Classification System:
*Remember by: King Phillip Came Over for Green Spaghetti
Binomial Nomenclature - Two-word naming system.
The first word: genus name; Second word: species name. Example: Common Name: Western
Cottonmouth Scientific Name: Agkistrodon piscivorous
Agkistrodon = genus piscivorous = species
piscivorous = “fish eater”
Eubacteria Archeabacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Anamalia
Kingdom ProtistaPhytoplankton
phylum dinophyta-dinoflagellates and diatoms
Zooplankton phylum sarcodena-radiolarians;
phylum cilophora-ciliatesPlant-like Protists
phylum chlorophyta-green algea; phylum phaeophyta-brown algae; phylum chrysophyta-golden algea; phylum heterokontophyta-giant kelp and oarweed
Kingdom PlantaePhylum angiospermaphyta: seagrasses and eel grass, turtle grass, mermaid fan plants, water lillies
Kingdom AnamaliaPhylum Porifera: spongesPhylum Arthropoda: insects, crustaceans such as lobsters, crabsPhylum Echinodermata: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbersPhylum Cnideria: jellyfish, coral, anemones, Phylum Mollusca: snails, squid, octopus, clams, shellfish, sea slugsPhylum Chordata
Phylum ChordataClass Amphibia: frogs, salamanders, mud puppiesClass Reptilia: snakes, crocodiles, sea turtlesClass Aves: birdsClass Agnatha, Osteoichthyes and Chondrocthyes (fish): jawless fish, bony fish, sharks, skates and raysClass Mammalia: whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, narwhals
Dichotomous KeyA written set of choices that leads to the name of an organism and is used to identify organisms
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