do now : how do your cells get the organic material needed to fuel cellular respiration? ◦ provide...
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Do Now : How do your cells get the organic material needed to fuel cellular respiration?◦ Provide an example (What did you eat for
lunch?)
Homework : Castle learning assignment
When an organism takes in & processes materials needed for
energy, growth, repair and regulation
AUTOTROPH &
HETEROTROPH
“Self-feeders”
Organisms that make their own food from inorganic molecules taken in from the environment.
Examples: plants & algae
Photosynthesis: use light energy to make organic
substancesEx.) plants and algae
Chemosynthesis: use inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen to make food
Ex.) deep sea plants and organisms
Organisms that must ingest organic materials already made in the environment.
◦Ex.) Humans, fungi grasshopper, animals
Ingestion: take IN food
Digestion: breakdown of food
Absorption: uptake of matter
Egestion: removal of undigested food
INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: digestion occurs inside cells of organisms
Ex. Animals EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: digestion 1st occurs outside cells then brought inside cells
Ex. Fungi, Hydra
1. Which organism is classified as a heterotroph?
a.) mushroom b.) maple tree c.) geranium d.) moss
2. Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms?
a) hormonal regulation b) nutrition c) anaerobic respiration d) transport
3. A word equation is shown below.
This reaction is most directly involved in the process of
a) reproduction b) protein synthesis c) replication d) heterotrophic nutrition
a) ingestion → digestion → absorption → egestion
b) digestion → absorption → ingestion → egestion
c) digestion → egestion → ingestion → absorption
d) ingestion → absorption → digestion → egestion
Do Now: Regent question
Homework: Castle learning
DO NOW:DO NOW:
Breaks down the food you eat into small molecules in order for nutrients
to diffuse into cells. It can then be used to create a usable form of
energy.
Tract (passage) through the body with 2 openings
Approx. 6 to 9 meters long tube
One way One way tube from
mouth to anus
1. Mouth2. Esophagus3. Stomach4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Anus
MECHANICAL DIGESTION:MECHANICAL DIGESTION: breaking down food physically.
TeethTeeth: cutting, grinding & tearing increases surface areaincreases surface area of food before chemical digestion.
LARGELARGE
MOLECULESMOLECULES
ENDEND
PRODUCTSPRODUCTS
CARBOHYDRATES Simple sugars
LIPIDS 3 fatty acids + glycerol
Proteins Amino Acids
1. What occurs during the digestion of protein?
1. Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.
2. Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.
3. Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.
4. Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.
2. Which statement best describes animals that are heterotrophs?
1. They are able to convert light energy into useful chemical bond energy.
2. They are able to synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials.
3. They are unable to consume preformed organic compounds.
4. They are unable to synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials.
3. Which process is not included in heterotrophic nutrition?
1. ingestion 2. photosynthesis 3. egestion 4. digestion
1. digestion → absorption → circulation → diffusion → synthesis
2. absorption → circulation → digestion → diffusion → synthesis
3. digestion → synthesis → diffusion → circulation → absorption
4. synthesis → absorption → digestion → diffusion → circulation
Do Now:
Homework: Castle learning Nutrition IIProjects due Tomorrow!!!!
Gastrointestinal tract aka
alimentary canal
One way tubeExtracellular digestion occurs
Food enters Oral cavity Mechanical digestion (teeth) Saliva from salivary glands to moisten food Chemical digestion:
◦Amylase enzyme in saliva that digests starch
(BEGINNING OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION)
esophagus
Connects mouth to the stomach
Peristalsis: muscular movement that pushes food through digestive tract
NO DIGESTION OCCURSDEMO
Gastric glands in lining secrete gastric juice which contains: ◦Hydrochloric acid makes the stomach acidic
◦Pepsin enzyme to digest protein
Mucus lining to coat stomach wall
Chyme moves to small intestine
VIDEO 2:09
SPHINCTOR
Where digestion is completedDuodenum first part of the SI
Where most chemical digestion occurs
Where absorption of nutrients into the blood occurs with the help of VILLI
Tiny fingerlike projections on lining of small intestine Where digested nutrients (glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids) diffuse into the bloodstream
Inside villi:◦Capillaries (glucose and amino acids)
◦Lacteal (fatty acids and glycerol)
NO DIGESTIONReabsorbs waterForms feces (undigested food)
Do Now: State the function of 3 organs in the digestive system.
Homework: Castle learning “Digestive System II”
Last part of large intestine Stores feces
Where feces is egested out of the body
The main function of the human digestive system is to
1. rid the body of cellular waste materials 2. process organic molecules so they can
enter cells 3. break down glucose in order to release
energy 4. change amino acids into proteins and
carbohydrates
1. absorption 2. osmosis 3. emulsification 4. egestion
1. ingestion and digestion 2. absorption and circulation 3. anaerobic respiration 4. protein synthesis
1. Esophagus2. Stomach3. Pancreas4. Large intestine5. Gall bladder6. Small intestine
Organs that help in digestionFood DOES NOT pass through these organs
Examples:- Salivary glands- Liver- Gall bladder- Pancreas
Produces bile Bile travels to small intestine
◦Emulsification of lipids mechanically breaks down fats into smaller droplets to increase surface area for chemical digestion
Big fat droplet
Stores bile until needed in the small intestine
Travels through the bile duct
Secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine
Pancreatic juice contains many enzymes◦ Trypsin digest proteins◦ Lipase digests lipids◦ Amylase digests starch
Travels through pancreatic duct
In humans, structures that release digestive secretions directly into
the small intestine include both the
1. salivary glands and the pancreas 2. gall bladder and the lacteals 3. villi and the salivary glands 4. pancreas and the gall bladder
Figure 21.5
TEETH
Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars
“Wisdom”tooth
Tongue
Salivaryglands
Opening of asalivary gland duct