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EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014

Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”

« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including thermal comfort »

Mr. Ludovic Horrein,L2EP, Univ Lille1, PSA Peugeot Citroën, MEGEVH network

Prof. Alain Bouscayrol,L2EP, Univ Lille1, MEGEVH network

Dr. Yuan ChengPSA Peugeot Citroën, MEGEVH network

EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20142

« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »

- Context and Objectif -

Objective of this presentation: Develop a thermal extension of an EV model to study the impact of the climate conditions

Electrical energy

Mechanical energy

Thermal energy

Limits of a classic study on EV Limits of the study presented



- Outline -

1. Modeling and EMR of the thermal comfort

2. IBC of the thermal comfort

3. Experimental validation on a real vehicle



« Model and EMRof the thermal comfort of an Electrical Vehicle »



- Thermal comfort structure -

Power electro.

Air flow

Bat.

UchUbat

Ires

Ibat

1st part:Heating system

2nd part:Cabin



- Heating system modeling and EMR -

Power electro.

Air flow

Bat.

)( cairairairair TTCpqmP −=

2reschres IRP =

==

resvsibat

batvsich

ImI

UmU

UchUbat

Ires

Ibat

=

=

batresbat

refresres

UPI

PP _

airreshc PPP +=

cT

hcqs

Cabin

Airhaqs

airT

airqmcT

ahqs

refresqs _cT

resqs

Bat.batI

batU



- Cabin modeling and EMR -

wT

wT

cwqs

wqs

cT

cT

hcqs

wcqs airT

waqs

Airawqs

wT

rayqsSun

wT

HS

wT

cT2 thermal dynamics to express:- The cabin temperatureTc

- The wall temperatureTw

ccpccwhc Tdt

dCmPP _=− wwpwsunwacw T

dt

dCmPPP _=+−

( )wccwcwcw TTAhP −= ( )wccwcwcw TTAhP −=

2 heat exchanges to express:- The cabin-wall exchange- The wall-air exchange

sunsunssun EAP α=

1 solar radiation source

Cab-Wall exchange

Cabin air

Wall surface

Radiation Coupling

Wall –Air exchange



- EMR of the thermal comfort of an EV -

cT

cT

wT

wT airT

hcqs cwqs

wqs

waqs

awqswcqsAir

AirwT

rayqsSun

cT

cT

ahqs

haqs

airT

resqs

refresqs _

wTairqm

Bat.batI

batU

Power electro.

Air flow

Bat.

UchUbat

Ires

Ibat

Cabin air

Wall surface

Radiation Coupling

Cab-Wall exchange

Wall –Air exchange

Heating system



- Multi-physical EMR of an EV -

cT

cT

wT

wT airT

hcqs cwqs

wqs

waqs

awqswcqsAir

AirwT

rayqsSun

cT

cT

ahqs

haqs

airT

resqs

refresqs _

wTairqm

batU

batIRoadBat.

Brake

batU

imI

imΓ

gbΩ evv

evv

evv

evv

resF

tracF

brkF

whF

AuxbatU

auxI

batU resI

refbrkF _

refim_Γ

IM + PE

Gearbox + wheel

Brake coupling

Chassis

eg. Presentation of J. Trovão & al.

EMR and IBC of an EV

Presentation of C. Depature & al.EMR and IBC of a traction drive of an EV



« Inversion -based controlof the thermal comfort of an Electric Vehicle »



- IBC of the thermal comfort of an EV -

cT

cT

wT

wT airT

hcqs cwqs

wqs

waqs

awqswcqsAir

AirwT

rayqsSun

cT

cT

ahqs

haqs

airT

resqs

refresqs _

wTairqm

batU

batIRoadBat.

Brake

batU

imI

imΓ

gbΩ evv

evv

evv

evv

resF

tracF

brkF

whF

AuxbatU

auxI

batU resI

refbrkF _

refim_Γ

refcT _refhcqs _refresqs _

estahqs _

StrategyventC

( ) ( )( ) wcmescrefcTrefhc qsTTCqs +−= ___ lnlnairqm

estahrefhcrefres qsqsqs ___ −=



- Multi-physical EMR and IBC of an EV -

cT

cT

wT

wT airT

hcqs cwqs

wqs

waqs

awqswcqsAir

AirwT

rayqsSun

cT

cT

ahqs

haqs

airT

resqs

refresqs _

wTairqm

batU

batIRoadBat.

Brake

batU

imI

imΓ

gbΩ evv

evv

evv

evv

resF

tracF

brkF

whF

AuxbatU

auxI

batU resI

refbrkF _

refim_Γ

refim_Γ refevv _reftracF _refwhF _

StrategyreftracF _

ventC[J. Trovão & al.] [C. Depature & al.]

airqm estahqs _

refcT _refhcqs _refresqs _



« Experimental validationon a real Electrical Vehicle »



- Vehicle setup -

Acquisition data/sensors center

Cabin temperature sensor (front)

Cabin temperature sensor (rear)



- Road and climate profile (1) -



- Road and climate profile (2) -

km9.38

km/h0.40

km/h7.88ˆ

===

ev

ev

ev

d

v

v

Velocity (km/h)

Altitude (m)

Thermal resistances power (kW)

Time (s)

2nd april 2014

6.31 am – 7.27 am => No solar radiation

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000

20

40

60

80

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

20

40

60

80

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35005

10

15

20

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ambiant Temperature

(°C)



- Multi-physical EMR and IBC of the Tazzari Zero -

refbrkF _

refim_Γ

cT

cT

wT

wT airT

hcqs cwqs

wqs

waqs

awqswcqsAir

AirwT

rayqsSun

cT

cT

ahqs

haqs

airT

resqs

resc

wTairqm

batU

batIRoadBat.

Brake

batU

imI

imΓ

gbΩ evv

evv

evv

evv

resF

tracF

brkF

whF

AuxbatU

auxI

batU resI

refim_Γ refevv _reftracF _refwhF _

StrategyreftracF _

ventC heatC



950 1000 1050 1100-200

0

200

400

- Experimental results -

3020 3030 3040 3050 306025

30

35

40

45

50

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000

20

40

60

80

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000

5

10

15

20

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 350014

16

18

20

22

24

Time (s)

Battery current (A) [Zoom]

Energy consumption (MJ)

Velocity (Km/h)

Time (s)

Cabin temperature (°C)

Red dotted line: SimulationBlack line: Experiment

Energy error on a real cycle: ~ 3%Temperature error < 4%



« Conclusion & Perspectives »



- Conclusion and perspectives -

A single tool to describe a complete multi-physical system

An experimental validation with a real velocity profile and a real climatic profile

Energy distribution taken in account the thermal exchanges

Develop a standard climate profile as the standard road profile

Study the vehicle range in function of the road profile and climate profile

21%13%

66%

12%

81%

7%

Power Train Auxiliary Comfort

ECE drive cycleCold condition

WLTC drive cycleCold condition



« BIOGRAPHIES AND REFERENCES »



- Authors -

Mr. Ludovic HORREINPSA Peugeot Citroën, Univ. Lille1, L2EP, MEGEVHPhD student since 2012Master degrees in Electrical Engineering at Univ. Lille1 (2011)Research topics: HEV, Thermal converter, WHR system, Energy management

Prof. Alain BOUSCAYROLUniversity Lille1, L2EP, MEGEVH, FranceCoordinator of MEGEVH, French network on HEVsPhD in Electrical Engineering at University of Toulouse (1995)Research topics: EMR, HIL simulation, tractions systems, EVs and HEVs

Dr. Yuan CHENGPSA Peugeot Citroën, FranceEnergetic Systems R&D EngineerPhD in Electrical Engineering at Harbin Inst. of Tech., China (2009)R&D Topics: EVs and HEVs, Electric Machines and Drive, EMR, Optimization



- References -

[Bouscayrol 00] A. Bouscayrol, B. Davat, B. de Fornel, B. François, J. P. Hautier, F. Meibody-Tabar, M.Pietrzak-David, "Multimachine Multiconverter System: application for electromechanical drives",European Physics Journal - Applied Physics, vol. 10, no. 2, May 2000, pp. 131-147

[Fayazbaksh 13] M. A. Fayazbaksh, M. Bahrami, “Comprehensive modeling of vehicle air conditioning loadsusing heat balance method”,SAE International 2013 world congress, Detroit (USA), April 2013

[Hautier 04] J. P. Hautier, P. J. Barre, "The causal ordering graph – A tool for modeling and control lawsynthesis",Studies in Informatics and Control Journal, December 2004, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 265-283.

[Horrein 11] L. Horrein, A. Bouscayrol, M. El Fassi, “Thermal energetic model of an ICE vehicle usingEnergetic Macroscopic Representation”,EEVC’11, Brussel (Belgium), October 2011

[Horrein 14] L. Horrein, A. Bouscayrol, Y. Cheng, “Simulation tool of an Electric Vehicle including thermalaspect using Energetic Macroscopic Representation”,IEEE-VPPC’14, Coimbra (Portugal), October2014

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