““Eveline” and “The Dead”Eveline” and “The Dead”from James Joyce’s from James Joyce’s

DublinersDubliners

Presented Presented By By Amanda Amanda KangKangEliza YoungEliza YoungRebecca Rebecca Tsai Tsai Tina HsuTina Hsu

James Joyce (1882-1941) James Joyce (1882-1941) James Joyce was born in James Joyce was born in

Dublin, on February 2, 1882.Dublin, on February 2, 1882.

Early age, Joyce regarded Early age, Joyce regarded

himself as a rebel.himself as a rebel.

Joyce’s early inspirations Joyce’s early inspirations

from the works of Henrik from the works of Henrik

Ibsen, St.Thomas Aquinas Ibsen, St.Thomas Aquinas

and W.B. Yeats.and W.B. Yeats.

In 1904, he fell in love with In 1904, he fell in love with

Nora Barnacle.Nora Barnacle.

Joyce died in Zurich on Joyce died in Zurich on

January 13, 1941. January 13, 1941. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce

http://www.online-literature.com/james_joyce/

• Stephen Hero (written 1904-6: precursor to the Portrait, published 1944)

• Chamber Music (1907 poems)

• Dubliners (1914)

• Exiles (1915 play)

• A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)

• Ulysses (1922)

• Pomes Penyeach (1927 poems)

• Finnegans Wake (1939)

James Joyce’s work

DublinersDubliners Joyce’s intention: the moral history of Joyce’s intention: the moral history of his country.his country.

Dublin: center of paralysis Dublin: center of paralysis Themes: Themes: death, disease and paralysis.death, disease and paralysis. James Joyce tried to describe paralysis James Joyce tried to describe paralysis

of indifferent public in the four aspects:of indifferent public in the four aspects: 1. childhood: 1. childhood: The Sisters, An Encounter The Sisters, An Encounter and and ArabyAraby.. 2. adolescence: 2. adolescence: Eveline,Eveline, After the Race, T After the Race, T

wo Gallants and The Boarding House.wo Gallants and The Boarding House. 3. maturity: 3. maturity: A Little Cloud, Counterparts, A Little Cloud, Counterparts,

Clay Clay andand A Painful Case. A Painful Case. 4. public life: 4. public life: Ivy Day in the Committee RoIvy Day in the Committee Ro

om, A Mother om, A Mother and and Grace Grace 5. 5. The DeadThe Dead

http://www.jamesjoyce.ie/templates/text_contents.aspx?page_id=347

http://www.jamesjoyce.ie/home/

Nora BarnacleJames Joyce 1904

A new statue of James Joyce, an honorary citizen of Trieste, was unveiled on Oct 19, 2004.

A bust of James Joyce in St. Stephen's Green in Dublin ↓

←James Joyce Grave, Fluntern Cemetery

http://ww

w.m

eganobeirne.com/jam

es-joyce-pictures.htm

Structure-- A collection of 15 short s

tories

-- The process of a person’s growth

- children the old- individual social life- dream disappointment,

despair

““Eveline”Eveline”

ThemeTheme Struggle between one’s Struggle between one’s

happiness and one’s happiness and one’s responsibilityresponsibility

Spiritual paralysisSpiritual paralysis Dream vs. RealityDream vs. Reality Action vs. InactivityAction vs. Inactivity

““Eveline”Eveline”

Character: Character: EvelineEveline

- sense of duty/ obedient/ paralysis- sense of duty/ obedient/ paralysis ““Everything changes. Now she was Everything changes. Now she was

going to go away like the others, to going to go away like the others, to leave her home.” (32) leave her home.” (32)

““Her eyes gave him no sign of love Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition.” (37) or farewell or recognition.” (37)

““Eveline”Eveline”

Characters Characters

- - Her father Her father -- violent - her fear -- violent - her fear

-- Her mother Her mother -- conservative - her conservative - her dutyduty

- Frank Frank -- kind, open-hearted -- kind, open-hearted -- her unknown future-- her unknown future

Symbols in Symbols in “Eveline”“Eveline”

1. The window1. The window

The Prison of a poor family enclosingThe Prison of a poor family enclosing Eveline. (par. 1)Eveline. (par. 1)

2. The fading streetlights2. The fading streetlights

The Hopelessness of her life The Hopelessness of her life (par. (par. 1)1)

Symbols in Symbols in “Eveline”“Eveline”

3. 3. The Dust, old house,The Dust, old house, / the old or / the old or lightless life .lightless life . (par. 3) (par. 3)

4. 4. The mother’s wordsThe mother’s words /the Past she cannot /the Past she cannot get rid of; she cannot forget her mother’s poor fate.get rid of; she cannot forget her mother’s poor fate.

(P.35 par.2(P.35 par.2))5. 5. drunk fatherdrunk father, / , / the daily pain from her father the daily pain from her father

annoys herannoys her. (P.33 par.2). (P.33 par.2)

6.6. brothers and sisters and brothers and sisters and keeping the housekeeping the house / / the responsibility the responsibility she has to bear. she has to bear. (P.33 from the bottom, line 3)(P.33 from the bottom, line 3)

Symbols in Symbols in “Eveline”“Eveline”

7. The death7. The death of her of her belovedbeloved people: people: the deaths of her mother and her brother the deaths of her mother and her brother ErnestErnest, and of , and of a girlhood frienda girlhood friend named Tizzie Dunn. named Tizzie Dunn.

The Fear-- she is afraid to accept the The Fear-- she is afraid to accept the truth because it makes her feel isolated, truth because it makes her feel isolated, lonely without their accompany.lonely without their accompany. (par. 2) (par. 2)

8. The Death of herself8. The Death of herself ““he would drown her,” She's too scared he would drown her,” She's too scared

to leave Ireland, and thus sees her lover to leave Ireland, and thus sees her lover as a possible source of danger.as a possible source of danger. (p. 34, (p. 34, the 1st new par.)the 1st new par.)

Symbols in Symbols in “Eveline”“Eveline”

9. 9. Sea/Sea/ water as the practical method of escape water as the practical method of escape

and rejuvenation, for Eveline; also means and rejuvenation, for Eveline; also means the possibilities of a new life the possibilities of a new life (P.35, the last (P.35, the last line)line).. But she is afraid to face her unknown But she is afraid to face her unknown fate. fate.

10. 10. Frank/Frank/ The adult world of desire, longing, fulfillment, The adult world of desire, longing, fulfillment,

and heartbreak makes her afraid.and heartbreak makes her afraid.

Study QuestionsStudy Questions

1.1. What keeps Eveline from going with What keeps Eveline from going with Frank?  Why is she like "a helpless Frank?  Why is she like "a helpless animal" at the end? animal" at the end?

2.2. Why is Eveline attracted to Frank?  What Why is Eveline attracted to Frank?  What does she think he will save her from?  does she think he will save her from?  (Pay attention to the images of dust and (Pay attention to the images of dust and darkness.)  Can he really save her?darkness.)  Can he really save her?

3.3. Try to analyze the father-mother-Try to analyze the father-mother-daughter relationships in the story in daughter relationships in the story in Freudian terms. Freudian terms.

Themes of “The Dead”Themes of “The Dead”I. The dead living vs. The living deadI. The dead living vs. The living dead A. A. Gabriel Conroy VS. Michael Furey(p.2267)Gabriel Conroy VS. Michael Furey(p.2267)

B.B. The traditional customs VS. The guests’ The traditional customs VS. The guests’ negligence (p.2247)negligence (p.2247)

II. Irish (Dubliners’) attitude toward:II. Irish (Dubliners’) attitude toward: A. A. Recognition of identity--- DetachmentRecognition of identity--- Detachment Most of Irish people did not recognize Most of Irish people did not recognize

themselves as Irish but admire the culture of themselves as Irish but admire the culture of European. In “The Dead”, Gabriel represents European. In “The Dead”, Gabriel represents

the typical of Irish peoplethe typical of Irish people..(P.2243 and 2248) (P.2243 and 2248)

B. B. Relationships between people--- InsincerityRelationships between people--- Insincerity

a.a. Speaking words without genuineness Speaking words without genuineness (Pp. 2250, (Pp. 2250, 2257, 2243)2257, 2243)

b.b. Being careless on others’ talkingBeing careless on others’ talking (Pp. 2244, 224 (Pp. 2244, 2249)9)

＊ ＊ Those evidences show that even though the gueThose evidences show that even though the guests participate the party, they usually only care asts participate the party, they usually only care about their own affairs. People often don’t listebout their own affairs. People often don’t listen to other’s talking carefully. Sometimes, they n to other’s talking carefully. Sometimes, they will interrupt other’s talking or turn to precede will interrupt other’s talking or turn to precede other activity when people haven’t finished thother activity when people haven’t finished their words yet.eir words yet.

III. III. Gabriel’s epiphany (self-awareness)Gabriel’s epiphany (self-awareness)A.A. Understanding of deathUnderstanding of death

a.a. Physical deathPhysical death

b.b. Death of his egotismDeath of his egotism

B.B. Knowing his relationship with GrettaKnowing his relationship with Gretta

Characters of Characters of “The Dead”“The Dead”

-- LilyLily- a careful housemaid- a careful housemaid

-- Aunt Kate/ Aunt JuliaAunt Kate/ Aunt Julia- mistresses - mistresses of the party and Gabriel’s aunts. of the party and Gabriel’s aunts.

-- Mary JaneMary Jane- also a mistress of the - also a mistress of the family and lives with her aunts. family and lives with her aunts.

Characters of Characters of “The Dead”“The Dead”

-- GrettaGretta- Gabriel’s wife/ loved countryside. - Gabriel’s wife/ loved countryside.

-- Miss IvorsMiss Ivors- “was a frank-mannered - “was a frank-mannered talkative young lady, …” (P. 2247)talkative young lady, …” (P. 2247)

-- Bartell D’ArcyBartell D’Arcy- a tenor/ a key person of - a tenor/ a key person of the story.the story.

-- Mr. BrowneMr. Browne- a guest/ show off/ doesn’t - a guest/ show off/ doesn’t want to be ignored. (P. 2245)want to be ignored. (P. 2245)

-- Michael FureyMichael Furey- Gretta’s first lover and - Gretta’s first lover and died when he was only seventeen. (P. died when he was only seventeen. (P. 2266)2266)

Characters of Characters of “The Dead”“The Dead”

-- Gabriel ConroyGabriel Conroy was an was an egotistegotist at at the beginning of the story. the beginning of the story.

-- After some serious assaults, Gabriel After some serious assaults, Gabriel has an has an illumination illumination about himself, his about himself, his life and the relations with others. An life and the relations with others. An epiphany is then achieved. epiphany is then achieved.

ExamplesExamples

1.1. Lily’s bitter manner. (P2241) Lily’s bitter manner. (P2241) 2.2. Miss Ivors thought he was a “ West Miss Ivors thought he was a “ West

Briton!” (P2249)Briton!” (P2249)3. Gretta was thinking of her dead first lover. 3. Gretta was thinking of her dead first lover.

He just realized that she didn’t put him at He just realized that she didn’t put him at the center of her universe and he felt hurt. the center of her universe and he felt hurt.

After these unexpected assaults, he finally After these unexpected assaults, he finally has a “realization” and knows that he has has a “realization” and knows that he has no power to expect others’ actions or no power to expect others’ actions or thoughts. thoughts.

Symbols of “The Dead”Symbols of “The Dead”LilyLily 1) The funereal flower:1) The funereal flower: Dead heart ←→ Living bodyDead heart ←→ Living body

2) The Purity, White:2) The Purity, White: (Archangel(Archangel Gabriel)Gabriel)

pure as an angel ←→ Morally impure,pure as an angel ←→ Morally impure, evil ideaevil idea

3) 3) During Easter lily blooms:During Easter lily blooms: Rebirth of soulRebirth of soul ←→Corruption of soul←→Corruption of soul

Symbols of “The Dead”Symbols of “The Dead” The imagery of “The Dead” The imagery of “The Dead”

are the operations of a series are the operations of a series of symbolic antitheses as of symbolic antitheses as follows:follows:

living  living  ←→←→ dead deadeast  east  ←→←→   west   west

  inside   inside ←→←→   outside   outside  light   light ←→ ←→ darknessdarkness warmth warmth ←→←→  cold  coldpresent present ←→ ←→ pastpastspeech speech ←→ ←→ music music

Symbols of “The Dead”Symbols of “The Dead”The SnowThe Snow1. Gabriel’s fear of nature, his 1. Gabriel’s fear of nature, his

artificiality, and his un-Irish attitudesartificiality, and his un-Irish attitudes (P. (P. 2243 in the middle)2243 in the middle)

2. The snow / an upcoming change 2. The snow / an upcoming change in Gabriel, a desirein Gabriel, a desire tto get away from being o get away from being dead in lifedead in life.. (P.2250 par. 1) (P.2250 par. 1)

3.3. The falling snow / heaven or The falling snow / heaven or deathdeath people will achieve in the end of life. people will achieve in the end of life. “…“… the snow falling faintly through the universe and the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly fallingfaintly falling like the descent of their like the descent of their last endlast end, , upon upon all the living and the dead." all the living and the dead." (P.2268 the last par.)

Symbols of “The Dead”Symbols of “The Dead”

Correlation betweenCorrelation between the nature the nature motifs & death symbolismmotifs & death symbolism

(special style)(special style) Snow, wind, or cold air play a significant Snow, wind, or cold air play a significant

role as a symbolic device relating to role as a symbolic device relating to death.death.

Works CitedWorks Cited Commentary James Joyce’s "The Dead" 29 Oct. 2005 <Commentary James Joyce’s "The Dead" 29 Oct. 2005 <http://whttp://w

ww.msu.edu/~weissjo1/310dComm2.html>ww.msu.edu/~weissjo1/310dComm2.html>

Dubliners Summary and Analysis at Owleyes. Dubliners Summary and Analysis at Owleyes. 29 Oct 200529 Oct 2005 <<http://owleyes.org/dubliners.htm?outline=yes>. http://owleyes.org/dubliners.htm?outline=yes>.

Dubliners by James Joyce. 29 Oct. 2005Dubliners by James Joyce. 29 Oct. 2005<http://education.yahoo.com/homework_help/cliffsnotes/dubliner<http://education.yahoo.com/homework_help/cliffsnotes/dubliner

s/47.html>s/47.html>

FJU English Department Literary Criticism Databank. FJU English Department Literary Criticism Databank. 29 Oct 200529 Oct 2005 <http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/Literary_Criticism/psychoanalysis/e<http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/Literary_Criticism/psychoanalysis/eg_3.htm>. g_3.htm>.

Gray, Wallace. Notes for James Joyce's "The Dead”. 29 Oct. 200Gray, Wallace. Notes for James Joyce's "The Dead”. 29 Oct. 2005 <5 <http://www.mendele.com/WWD/WWDdead.notes.html>http://www.mendele.com/WWD/WWDdead.notes.html>

Works CitedWorks Cited Guide for "The Dead" (1914) by James Joyce (1882-1941). 28 Oct. Guide for "The Dead" (1914) by James Joyce (1882-1941). 28 Oct.

2005 <2005 <http://www.lingo.ntnu.no/englitt/GDe.htm>http://www.lingo.ntnu.no/englitt/GDe.htm>

James Joyce. The Modern Word. 29 Oct 2005James Joyce. The Modern Word. 29 Oct 2005 <http://www.themodernword.com/joyce/joyce_biography.html<http://www.themodernword.com/joyce/joyce_biography.html

>.>.

Joyce, James. “The Dead.” Abrams, M. A. Joyce, James. “The Dead.” Abrams, M. A. The Norton AntholoThe Norton Anthology of English Literaturegy of English Literature. 7. 7thth ed. Vol. 2. New York: Norton, 2000. ed. Vol. 2. New York: Norton, 2000. 2240-68.2240-68.

Lucking, David. Distant Music Symbolic Polarization in Joyce’s Lucking, David. Distant Music Symbolic Polarization in Joyce’s “The Dead”. 2001. 29 Oct. 2005 “The Dead”. 2001. 29 Oct. 2005 <http://www.lucking.net/docs/<http://www.lucking.net/docs/lucking_music.htm>lucking_music.htm>

Mello, Patrick. Death Symbolism in James Joyce's "The DeadDeath Symbolism in James Joyce's "The Dead“ 2004. 29Oct. 2005“ 2004. 29Oct. 2005

<http://www.hausarbeiten.de/faecher/vorschau/36481.html><http://www.hausarbeiten.de/faecher/vorschau/36481.html>