© fox, pritchard, & mcdonald introduction to fluid mechanics chapter 10 fluid machinery

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 10

Fluid Machinery


Main Topics

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

Turbomachinery AnalysisPerformance CharacteristicsApplications to Fuid Systems



Positive DisplacementTurbomachines• Radial-Flow (Centrifugal)• Axial-Flow• Mixed-Flow



Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid• Pumps• Fans• Blowers• Compressors



Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid



Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid• Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)• Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)



Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid


Turbomachinery AnalysisThe Angular Momentum Principle

Apply to Control Volume:


Turbomachinery Analysis

Euler Turbomachine Equation

Mechanical Power:

Theoretical Head:



Velocity Diagrams


Turbomachinery AnalysisExample: Idealized Centrifugal Pump

• Negligible torque due to surface forces (viscous and pressure).• Inlet and exit flow tangent to blades.• Uniform flow at inlet and exit.• Zero inlet tangential velocity



(Continued)

Head Equation:

Shutoff Head:



(Continued)




Hydraulic Power:

Pump Efficiency:


Turbomachinery AnalysisMachines for Extracting Work (Power)

from a Fluid

Hydraulic Power:

Turbine Efficiency:


Performance Characteristics



Performance CharacteristicsMachines for Extracting Work (Power)

from a Fluid



Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Flow Coefficient:

Head Coefficient:

Power Coefficient:




Torque Coefficient:




Specific Speed:

Specific Speed(Customary Units):

Specific Speed(Customary Units):



Similarity Rules

For Dynamic Similarity:

… and …

… so …


Applications to Fluid Systems




Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid• Pump Wear



Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid• Pumps in Series



Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid• Pumps in Parallel



Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors


Applications to Fluid SystemsMachines for Doing Work on a Fluid

• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors



Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors



• Positive-Displacement Pumps



• Propellers

Speed of Advance Coefficient:

Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller Efficiency


Applications to Fluid SystemsMachines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

• Hydraulic Turbines• Wind-Power Machines

© fox, pritchard, & mcdonald introduction to fluid mechanics chapter 10 fluid machinery

Documents

fluid slide

mcdonald introduction

flow slide

fluid machinery slide

reaction slide

mcdonald applications

fluid systems machines

specific speed slide