ives/marriage-market/ ives/marriage-market
TRANSCRIPT
http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/interactives/marriage-market/
Exists in all societies Meaningful micro-level
relationship
Important macro-level social institution
Founding fathers established marriage:
• As free-choice
• Heterosexual union
• Husbands in charge of the household
• Separation of church and state• States regulate marriages
The legal union of a couple as
spouses.
Basic elements of a marriage are: (1) the parties' legal ability to marry
each other, (2) mutual consent of the parties, and (3) a marriage contract as required by
law.
Our legal doctrines and concepts developed from English common law
Marriage was a contract based upon a voluntary private agreement by a man and a woman to become husband and wife.
Marriage was viewed as the basis of the family unit and
vital to the preservation of morals and civilization.
Provide a safe house,
Pay for necessities such as food and clothing, and
Live in the house.
Maintaining a home, Living in the home, Having sexual relations with
her husband, and Rearing the couple's children.
The underlying concept that marriage as a legal contract still remains,
but due to changes in society the legal obligations are not
the same.
All but one state requires that a couple be 18 in order to marry without parental permission.
Nebraska sets the age at 19.
Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, and Oklahoma:
Allow pregnant teens or teens who have already had a child to get married without parental consent.
Only a few states require a blood test or a blood test and physical examination before marriage•To show whether one party is infected with a venereal disease.•Connecticut •District of Columbia•Indiana•Montana
Alabama Colorado District of Columbia Georgia (if created before
1/1/97) Idaho (if created before
1/1/96) Iowa Kansas Montana New Hampshire (for
inheritance purposes only) New Mexico
Ohio (if created before 10/10/91)
Oklahoma (possibly only if created before 11/1/98. Oklahoma’s laws and court decisions may be in conflict)
Pennsylvania (if created before 1/1/05)
Rhode Island South Carolina Texas Utah
If you live in one of these states and you “hold yourself out to be married”
By telling the community you are
married
Calling each other husband and wife
Using the same last name
Filing joint income tax returns, etc.
http://www.cousincouples.com/?page=states
http://www.governing.com/gov-data/same-sex-marriage-civil-unions-doma-laws-by-state.html
http://www.freedomtomarry.org/states/
American marriage took its shape from the long history of coverture—
the rules governing the subordination of wives to husbands within the marriage—
but also from the immense mobility of American society in the 19th century.
In 19th-century America generally assumed that the choice to marry was free choice of the individual.
A man and wife were supposed to cherish and love one another then, as now
We assume today that couples negotiate the terms of their marriages privately
In 19th century terms of the relationship were fixed externally—by
Culture Law Religion
Today people know divorce is possible.
19th century; people left each other all the time,
but they could not assume that they were entitled to a divorce.
19th century sexual behavior was legitimate only in the context of marriage.› Social institution (macro)
Today we assume that sexuality belongs to the individual. (micro)
Wives were legally subordinate to their husbands in all kinds of ways.
Husbands owned exclusive rights--over their wives as sexual beings
Rape, by definition, was coerced sex with a woman not one’s wife.
The “rights of parents,” meant fathers not mothers.
Mothers had no inherent right to the custody of their children.
Americans have always asserted that marriage is politically crucial--that society rests on the marital couple.
Yet, from the middle of the 19th century on, there has been a constant sense that marriage is in crisis.
View that the institution of marriage is increasingly being threatened by hedonistic pursuits of personal happiness
At the expense of long-term commitment
The view that overall, marriage is no weaker than in the past,
Families need more institutional supports› Economic› Education› Politics
Homogamous Marriage: Spouses share social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class
Heterogamous Marriage: Spouses do not share certain social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class
Interracial Marriage: From different racial groups
Interethnic Marriage: From different countries or different cultural, religious, or ethnic backgrounds
Laws forbidding interracial marriage
Ruled unconstitutional in 1967 by the U.S. Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia
› 1998, South Carolina› 2000, Alabama
Nonmarital Sex Cohabitation Nonmarital Childbearing Shared Breadwinning Division of Household Labor
Because patterns of love and marriage are cultural creations,
Should expect them to change from century to century.
At the beginning of the 21st century,some trends can be foreseen for the Western world:
The belief in romantic love will continue
At least for the young and inexperienced
• More couples will decide to live together• Without getting officially or
legally married
• Free to create their own relationship contracts• Explicit or implicit• Written or unwritten
Renewable marriages will become more common.
Term-relationships› Agree to last for a certain
duration› After which they will either
expire or renew
Marriage is increasingly optional
› Cohabitation
› Child-bearing outside of marriage
› Less pressure to marry***