ISSN - 2250 - 1991Volume : 1 Issue : 5 May 2012` 200

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INDEXSr. No. Title Author Subject Page No.

1 Convergence of India Gaap with International GAAP / IFRS

Prof. Kalola Rimaben A. Accountancy 1-3

2 Global Scenario of Business Ethics With Corporate Governance

Prof. Dr.Kishor V. Bhesaniya

Accountancy 4-6

3 VAT & ACCOUNTING Miss. Mira J. Bhanderi Accountancy 7-8

4 Carbon Trading: An Emerging Business Dr. Basanta Khamrui, Dilip Kumar Karak

Commerce 9-11

5 Developments in Indian Non Life Insurance Industry Ms.Kiran Sood, Ms.Supriya Tandon

Commerce 12-14

6 Parameters And Costs Influencing Transportation Decisions In Small Manufacturing Firms

Vipul Chalotra,Prof Neetu Andotra

Commerce 15-17

7 Foreign Trade Policy of India (2009-14) Dr. M. K. MARU Commerce 18-20

8 “A Comparative Analysis on Profitability of Selected Petroleum Industries”

Dr. Ramesh A. Dangar Commerce 21-23

9 An Empirical study on Consumer Awareness on Internet Banking in Gujarat

Dr. Vinod K. Ramani Commerce 24-26

10 Study of Factors Affecting HNIs’ Preferences for their Banks in South Mumbai Area

Shri. Arvind A. Dhond Commerce 27-31

11 Promotion mix straregy of jammu and kashmir co-operatives supply and marketing federation limited in jammu district of J&K state

Tarsem Lal Commerce 32-35

12 Intelligent Brain Tumor Tissue Segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Image using forward and backward anisotropic diffusion

S.Nithya Roopa,P. Vasanthi Kumari

Computer Science

36-38

13 Share of Women in Total Family Income – A Two Group Discriminant Analysis

Dr.A.Shyamala Economics 39-41

14 Socio-Economic Evaluation of Shg’s in Bidar District of Karnataka

Dr.Sangappa V. Mamanshetty

Economics 42-44

15 The Development of Chemical and Petrochemicals Industry in Gujarat

Dr.D.G.Ganvit Economics 45-46

16 How Can Primary Teachers Help To Assist The Development Of Positive Self-Esteem In Students Through Their Ordinary Teaching Practice?

Jigar L. Dave Education 47-48

17 Primary Mission Of Colleges Jigar L. Dave Education 49

18 Effectiveness of Readers Theatre on English Reading Comprehension

Ramesh B. Sakhiya Education 50-51

19 The Role of a Computerized Package on EFL Students' Writing Skills

Abdallah Ahmad, Baniabdelrahman, Abdulaziz A. Abanomey

Education 52-57

20 The Use of Team Teaching and its Effect on Saudi EFL Students' English Proficiency

Abdallah Ahmad, Baniabdelrahman, Abdulaziz A. Abanomey

Education 58-63

21 Study and Development of Road Traffic Noise Model Bhavna K. SutharV. R. Gor, A. K. Patel

Engineering 64-66

22 Weather Forecast Using Artificial Neural Network Laxmikant Raskar, Rohit Waghchaure, Md. Danish Raza,Mayuresh Lande

Engineering 67-68

23 Pavement Subgrade Stabilisation with Rice Husk Ash Patil N. L.,Dr. Sanjay Sharma,Dr. Hemant Sood

Engineering 69-71

24 Study of Precipitation and Stream Flow Data- A Case Study of Kim Basin

Prashant A. Ramani Engineering 72-76

25 “Estimation of Revised Capacity for Deo Reservoir of Gujarat, India”

Hiral Shah,N. N. Borad, R. K. Jain

Engineering 77-79

26 Nanotechnology in Cellular Lightweight Concrete Mr. Nakul Shah, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda

Engineering 80-82

27 Plate Load (Model) Test for Bearing Capacity of Layered Deposite

Patel Ankit D., B.R. Dalwadi

Engineering 83-85

28 Effect of Service Bridge on natural frequency of structurally coupled multistory building

Upadhyay Nishith H., Prof. A.N. Desai

Engineering 86-88

29 “Controling the Soil & Land Pollution in Sabarkantha District by Using an App Lication of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System”

Gaurang J Patel,R.B Khasiya

Engineering 89-91

30 Control The Soil Erosion & Land Pollution By Flood Reduction in The Tapi River,Surat District, Gujarat, India.

Harshad M.Rajgor,K B Khasiya

Engineering 92-95

31 Methodology for managing irrigation canal system with optimum irrigation scheduling for Meshwo irrigation Scheme

Jitendrasinh D. Raol, Roshani A.Patel,Prof S.A.Trivedi

Engineering 96-98

32 Analyis of regional water supply scheme in rural areas (Case Study: Kutch)

Niketa Patel Engineering 99-103

33 Security For Near Field Communication in Cell Phone Biren M Patel, Vijay B Ghadhvi,Mr Ashish Kumar

Engineering 104-106

34 Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Simulation at Urban Roundabout using ‘VISSIM’

Dipti S. Thanki, Asst. Prof. Ashutosh K. Patel

Engineering 107-109

35 Planning of Facilities for Pedestrian Movement in Urban Area: A Case Study of Vadaj Circle, Ahmedabad

Hitesh A. Patel,Pinak. S. Ramanuj

Engineering 110-113

36 Planning for Non-Motorized Transportation Jignesh C.Prajapati, Prof. N.G.Raval

Engineering 114-116

37 Intersection Design for Pedestrians and Cyclist Jignesh C.Prajapati, Prof. N.G.Raval

Engineering 117-120

38 Theoretical Consideration for optimum irrigation scheduling for irrigation Scheme

Jitendrasinh D. Raol, Prof S.A.Trivedi

Engineering 121-124

39 Overall Equipment Effectiveness Measurement and Review of Total Productive Maintenance

Kadiya Pinjal, Navinchandra

Engineering 125-128

40 To Study the Effect Of Stiffness on the Expansion Joint of a Building Subjected to Earthquake Forces

M.D.SHAH, P. G. Patel Engineering 129-132

41 Side Friction and Side Friction Factor (FARIC) In Ahmedabad Road Link

Parmar Dushyant J, Asst. Prof. Ashutosh K. Patel

Engineering 133-134

42 Fiber Reinforced Selfcompacting Concrete Patel Nikunj R,Elizabeth George

Engineering 135-137

43 Modal Analysis of Helical Gear Purusharth J. Patel,D.A. Patel

Engineering 138-140

44 Impact Strength of Ternary Blended Steel fiber Reinforced concrete

Samir M. Gami., D.A.Sinha

Engineering 141-143

45 Identify issues of traffic movement at landside area & remedial measures

Samir P. Mulani,Prof- Naurdin Hajiani

Engineering 144-147

46 Identification of Truck Transportation Issues at a Junction: a case study of Sarkhej Area

Himanshu. B. Shrimali, Prof- Naurdin Hajiani

Engineering 148-152

47 Assessment of Vehicular Carbon Footprint and its Reduction Measures

Chintan Patel,Prof. H.K.Dave

Engineering 153-155

48 Study of Solar Air Heaters with Different Operating Configurations

Ajaypalsinh Gangasinh Barad

Engineering 156-158

49 Traffic Flow Characteristics on Roads of Small Urban Centre

Axay S. Shah,Dr. L.B.Zala

Engineering 159-162

50 Failure in tensile testing on single lap multi-fastener joint with bolted connection

Jagdish N.Prajapati, Dr.Rajula.k.Gujjar, Prof.M.M.Pomal

Engineering 163-167

51 Study Of Infiltration Capacity At Anjar, Kutch Ravi C Ahir, Sagar D Patel

Engineering 168-169

52 Comparison of Temperature-Base Methods For Calculating Reference Evapotranspiration With Standard Penman-Monteith Method

M.R.Popat, S.N.Chavda, B.H.Pandit

Engineering 170-172

53 Electronic customer relationship management: benefits and trend

Tanuja Nair Engineering 173-174

54 VIRTUAL CLASS ROOM USING MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK

Gaurav Katariya, Yogesh Parkhe, Devendra Patil,Pawan Pawar

Engineering 175-176

55 PARKING EVALUATION: A CASE STUDY OF AMUL DAIRY ROAD ANAND

Jaydipsinh P. Chudasama, Dr. L.B.Zala

Engineering 177-180

56 ENERGY ANALYSIS OF SOLAR AIR HEATER BY USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ABSORBER PLATES

Vivek B. Patel,Dr. L.B.Zala

Engineering 181-183

57 Effect of Aspect Ratio W/L ,Body Bias ,and supply Voltage (vDD) for NMOS & PMOS transistor.

Rubina Siddiqui, Angeeta Hirwe, Rahul Parulkar

Engineering 184-186

58 Spider diversity of Wan Wild life Sanctuary, Vidharbha , India.

Taktode N.M. Environment 187-188

59 The Initial Human Behavioural Response to Rapid On set Natural Disaster: Earthquake

S.S. Patil, K.L. Karkare, I.B. Ghorade

Environmental Science

189-190

60 Spatio-temporal Distribution of Surface Water for Irrigation in Satara District of Maharashtra: An Analytical Study

Pawar D. H., Jadhav K.R.

Geography 191-193

61 Nagarcha wadh v kushi bhumi upyog badal nanded-vaghan ek abhyas pahani

Prof. Mane Deshmukh R. S., Dr. S. B Rathod

Geography 194-196

62 Socio-Economic and Nutritional Status of Children with Mental Retardation

Dr. S. S. Vijayanchali Home Science 197-199

63 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions Dr Alpesh B Joshi Human Resource

200-202

64 “Strategic Human Resource Management” Dr. M. Venkatasubba Reddy, B. Swetha,S. Jaya Krishna

Human Resource Management

203-204

65 Identifying Crosscutting Concerns for Software Requirement Engineering

Velayutham Pavanasam, Chandrasekaran Subramaniam

Information Technology

205-207

66 Gate pass Automation with Image,Barcode reading and Biometrics

Sumant C. Murke,Tejas N. Athavale, Sangram A. Nalawade

Information Technology

208-210

67 Plight of Rape Victims With Special Reference to India Dr. Monica Narang, Richa Sabharwal

Law 211-212

68 Libraries: An Essential Tool for the Advancement of Knowledge Resources & Research in Recent Era

Dr. Umesh Patel Library Science 213-215

69 An Analytic Study of BA/BSc/BCA/BCom Part I General English Syllabus Prescribed by the University of Jammu

Dr. Wajahat Hussain Literature 216-217

70 A Study on Quality of Work Life Dr.N.Thenpandian Management 218-219

71 Best HR Practices Kavita Trivedi Management 220-221

72 A Study on Employee Retention Practices of Automobile Industry in INDIA

Dr.K.Balanaga Gurunathan, Ms. V.Vijayalakshmi

Management 222-224

73 A Study on Innovation for Organizational Excellence in Health Care Industry in a Private Multi-Speciality Organization

Dr. C. Swarnalatha,T.S. Prasanna

Management 225-227

74 “Performance measurement of Top 10 Mutual Funds with the help of Sharpe, Treynor & Jenson Model”

Monal Patel, Dr. Deepak H. Tekwani

Management 228-230

75 Strategic Expansion for Growth A Case Study on Codescape Consultants Pvt Ltd. (Infinite Possibilities)

Akshay Arora,Abhilansh Bhargava, Preeti Sharma

Management 231-232

76 Role Of Education In Innovation For Economic Development - A Case Study

Dr. Ananthapadhmanabha Achar

Management 233-238

77 ROLE OF HR PROFESSIONAL IN DEALING DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS CONSTRUCTIVELY - AN OVERVIEW

C Santhanamani, Dr. N. Panchanatham

Management 239-241

78 Power of Advertising Supriya Tandon Management 242-244

79 Enhancing Employee Engagement: A Need of The Hour Urmila Vikas Patil Management 245-247

80 Role of E-Learning to Enhance Qualities of Physical Education Teachers and Coaches

Gohil Rajendrasinh K. Physical Education

248-250

81 “Eco – Environmental Study on Nutrient Removal Potential of Eichhornia Crassipes from Domestic Wastewater”

D. K. Patel, V. K. Kanungo

Science 251-253

82 Aphasia – a loss of linguistic faculty Dr Alpesh B Joshi Social Sciences 254-256

83 Workaholism – A Modern Day Nuisance Dr Alpesh B Joshi Social Sciences 257-258

84 Vartman me Dalit Varg ki Samasya Dr. H. L. Chavda Sociology 259-260

Volume : 1 | Issue : 5 | May 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 107

Research Paper

* M.E. Sem IV Transportation Engineering, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India

** Civil Engineering Department, Government Polytechnic, Himmatnagar, India

Engineering

Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Simulation at Urban Roundabout using ‘VISSIM’

* Dipti S. Thanki ** Asst. Prof. Ashutosh K. Patel

Keywords : Traffic simulation, Roundabout, VISSIM

Roundabouts have proven to be more efficient than traffic circles and in some cases than signalized and stop-controlled intersections. Traffic simulation represents the real traffic scenario and enables to test the feasibility and performance of a proposed system before implementation. It also helps to optimize the existing system. This paper suggests a methodology for traffic flow simulation at roundabout using VISSIM. It also discusses about uses of simulation, VISSIM model and it’s limitation. It’s also compares analytical and empirical models for roundabout capacity evaluation.

ABSTRACT

I. INTRODUCTIONModern roundabouts were first introduced in England in the early 1960s. They were introduced in order to solve the prob-lems of traffic circles. Roundabouts are made up of a one- way circulating roadway which has priority over approaching traffic. The approaching traffic which has to yield to the circu-lating traffic can make a right turn only into the intersection (circulating roadway). At the yield line, the driver has only one decision to make and that is whether the gap in the circulat-ing traffic is large enough for him to merge. The Capacity of roundabout is highly affected by behavioral, geometrical and vehicular characteristics at roundabout. So this phenomenon adds complexity to the traffic analysis at roundabout. Figure 1 is a representation of vehicles paths deflected by Central Island.

Figure 1 Deflection of Vehicle path by Central Island

A refined simulation analysis model of vehicular circulation for roundabouts would allow improved estimation of roundabout capacity and emissions. Since not all possible scenarios can be observed at existing roundabouts and not enough data could be collected, using simulation models makes it easy to create these conditions and study them.

II. Traffic scenariosTraffic simulation has been used to study the performance of non-signalized and signalized intersections but has not often been used in modeling or study of roundabouts. This is due to the difficulty in modeling different roundabout parameters

using simulation software. The theory of gap-acceptance has led to complex assumptions regarding driver behavior and often it is not easy to obtain good results for a typical rounda-bout geometry.

Not all simulation software allows the user to model rounda-bouts exactly. There are two categories of simulation software used for roundabouts: deterministic and stochastic simulation models. A summary of the main roundabout software models is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Principal Roundabout Software ModelsCountry Name ModelU.K. RODEL DeterministicU.K. ARCADY DeterministicU.K. PARAMICS StochasticAustralia SIDRA DeterministicGermany KREISEL DeterministicGermany VISSIM StochasticU.S.A INTEGRATION StochasticU.S.A. HCS/SYNCHRO DeterministicFrance GIRABASE Deterministic

III. Simulation model ‘VISSIM’VISSIM is a microscopic, time step and behavior based simu-lation model developed to analyze the full range of function-ally classified roadways and public transportation operations. VISSIM is used for the design of vehicle actuated control systems. The model was developed at the University Of Karl-sruhe, Germany during the early 1970s. Commercial distribu-tion of VISSIM began in 1993 by PTV Transworld AG, who continues to distribute and maintain VISSIM today. VISSIM is used in many engineering disciplines, has become an in-dispensable instrument for the analysis of complex technical systems. It is an invaluable cost reducing tool. It offers a wide variety of urban and highway applications, integrating public and private transportation. Even complex traffic conditions are visualized in great detail providing realistic traffic models.

VISSIM consists of two different programs as the traffic simu-lator and the signal state generator. The traffic simulator is comprising car following logic and lane changing logic. The signal state generator is signal control software that polls de-

Volume : 1 | Issue : 5 | May 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

108 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

tector information from the traffic simulator on a discrete time step basis.

IV. USES OF SIMULATION The study develops a methodology for heterogeneous

traffic flow simulation at roundabout The methodology can be applied to any urban controlled

and/or uncontrolled roundabout intersection. The methodology can be used for evaluating various traf-

fic controlling and management schemes before their im-plementation.

It can be also used for the optimization of existing traffic controlling system.

V. METHODOLOGYThis paper presents the methodology of a traffic simulation at roundabout by the use of the simulation model VISSIM. Simu-lation is developed using the following variables: geometric elements (inscribed circle radius), characteristics of traffic flow (truck percentage, turning movements of major and mi-nor streets) and behavioral features (time gap).

Since a wide variety of traffic scenarios can be created and a large amount of data collected, regression equations can be developed to describe to clearly investigate the interaction between geometric elements, characteristic of traffic flow and behavioral features with capacity and emissions at rounda-bouts.

1. Performance measures of roundabout intersectionsA roundabout has three interesting basic performance meas-ures. The first global measure is which represents the ability of roundabout to process traffic when all approach arms have queues and will be referred to as the roundabout capacity. Without taking geometric and behavioral features into consid-eration, this measure relies on the origin- destination (O-D) flow. The second measure consists of under saturated ap-proach lanes. The third set of measures consists of delays and queue lengths for each approach lane under given oper-ating conditions.

2. Empirical models and analytical models for capacity calculationsThere exist two distinct methods on which capacity equations are based. These are the analytical or gap-acceptance based method and the empirical or regression based method.

Empirical methods correlate geometric features and perform-ance measures, such as capacity, average delay and queue length, through the regression of field data. Via this method they generate a linear or exponential relationship between the entering flow of an approach and the circulating flow in front of it. Empirical methods require a large number of oversaturated or congested. Empirical models provide no real understand-ing of the underlying traffic flow theory of determining the accepted gaps upon entering the intersection. The models are typically based on driver behavior in oversaturated condi-tions, thus requiring sites with continuous queuing.

From uncongested sites, analytical models (gap-acceptance models) can be developed. The gap is the headway between two consecutive vehicles in the circulating flow; therefore, the “critical gap” is the minimum headway an entering driver would find acceptable. This means the driver would reject any gap less than the critical gap and accepts any gap greater than the minimum gap.

3. Selection of a simulation modelVISSIM provides some advantages over many other traffic simulation models since it is based on human psychology and behavior. The actual movements of the vehicles in VISSIM are based on behavioral assumptions regarding the desired speed and gap acceptance of drivers. These movements are based on a natural distribution of various behavioral ele-ments. These include differences in driving abilities, human perception, desired safety and speed, and the relative levels

of driver aggressiveness characterized by different maximum values for accelerations and decelerations. These phenome-na are normally distributed within the model allowing random selection of various values during the simulation process.

4. Data collection and analysisVISSIM provides a microscopic simulation model which is heavily dependent on the parameters and data input used during the network c coding. The basic data set needed for a basic VISSIM network is as shown in table 2. By using the collected set of data peak hour traffic flow, average speed, delays, capacity of the intersection, frequency distribution of the vehicle is calculated. Generally among numbers of data collected simulation is done by using peak hour traffic data.

Table 2 Basic Data sheetTypes of Data ExampleGeneral Data Simulation time

Network Data

Digital images of plan showing the entire study areaDigital plans for each junction showing lane width, markings, signal heads and detectorsLocation of bus stops

Signal Control DataCycle LengthGreen, Amber and Red times for each signal group

Traffic Flow Data

Input flow in vehicles per hourTurning movements for each legsTraffic composition

Vehicle speed at free flow (Speed limit of the road)

Travel timeSaturation Flows

5. network coding, data input and model calibrationCoding and data input of the network includes the building of road network, the placement of priority rules and signal heads and input of the data collected. Road networks are created in VISSIM through a series of links and connectors. Links are generally straight or follow the curvature of the road. Con-nectors, which are used to connect links, are typically used to model turning areas and lane expansions and contractions. The placement of priority rules and signal controls can at-tribute to the large amount of time taken to build the network. Figure 2 shows Priority rules for a two-lane roundabout with a two-lane entry. The calibration is an important process in the methodology as it provides credibility to the results by closely representing the actual conditions.

Calibration is the process by which the individual components of the simulation model are refined and adjusted so that the simulation model accurately represents field measured or ob-served traffic conditions. Typical calibration measures

Figure 2 Priority rules for a two-lane roundabout with a two-lane entry

Volume : 1 | Issue : 5 | May 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 109

consist of volume, delay, and travel speeds. VISSIM simula-tion model contains default values for each variable, but also allows a range of user-applied values for each variable.

6. Model validationModel validation is typically a process related to model cali-bration. The model validation is proposed to conduct using a different data set of another network within the same area to check if the calibrated model parameters are suitable. Model validation regards as a final stage to investigate if each com-ponent adequately reproduces observed travel characteris-tics and overall performance of the model is reasonable.

7. Result analysis and conclusionsThe result values obtained by simulation are than compared with field observed values of travel time, average travel speed, delays, average and maximum queue lengths, etc. If the conclusion is positive than this model can be used for simulation of another roundabout intersection with similar characteristics.

VI. LIMITATIONS OF SIMULATION USING VISSIM• VISSIM is complex and requires extensive knowledge of

the program and its features. • Due to the number of variables within the VISSIM soft-

ware, there are many opportunities for adjustment within the model (such as driver and vehicle characteristics, gap acceptance, yield characteristics, and speed change characteristics).

• Coding of input data is extremely time consuming.• Learning curve is steeper due to depth of software fea-

tures.• Runtime can be slow especially for 3D more or for large

network.• Occasionally get cryptic German error messages (more

rarely now).• High cost of software.

VII. CONCLUSIONS• Since VISSIM uses links and connectors to construct both

links and intersections, it permits flexibility when working with complex geometries and superior graphics.

• The most important and hard-hitting task in the simulation is the data collection, as the quality of simulation totally depends upon the accuracy of the data.

• VISSIM itself can be considered as a difficult program to handle due to its complexity and brief explanation in the manual.

• VISSIM is the most appropriate tool to be used for this kind of analysis because some functions and interface provided by VISSIM has made the modeling of road net-works more users friendly.

REFERENCES

[1] E. Bernauer, L. Breheret et al., “Review of micro-simulation models” SMARTEST D3, June 1997. | [2] Yu Gao, “Calibration and comparison of VISSIM and INTEGRATION microscopic traffic simulation models”, September 2008. | [3] Mike Fontain, “VISSIM in practice”, Virginia Transportation Research Council, 2007. | [4] NCHRP 3-65 (2004). “Applying Roundabouts in the United States.” National cooperative highway research program. (3-65) status report to the committee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service. | [5] Fisk, C. S. (1991). "Traffic performance analysis at roundabouts." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 25(2-3), 89-102 | [6] Vaiana, R., and Gallelli V. (2008). “Roundabout intersection: evaluation of geometric and behavioral features with VISSIM.” Transportation Research Board, national roundabout conference (Kansas City, Missouri).

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