in 1700’s france was the most advanced country in europe center of enlightenment large...
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In 1700’s France was the most advanced country in Europe Center of Enlightenment Large population Prosperous foreign trade
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Bad Harvests High Prices High Taxes Questions raised by the Enlightenment
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1770’s – France was under the Old Regime
The people of France were divided into three large social classes or estates
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First Estate (1% of French population) Made up of clergy of Roman Catholic
Church Hated Enlightenment ideas Paid very few taxes
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Second Estate (2% of French pop.) Made up of rich
nobles Held highest
offices in government
Disagreed with Enlightenment ideas
Paid NO TAXES
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Third Estate (97% of French population) Was made up of three sub groups
Included bourgeoisie (middle class businessmen), urban lower class, and peasant farmers
Peasant Farmers – largest group Had no power to influence government Loved Enlightenment ideas Resented the wealthy First and Second Estates
PAID A TON of TAXES!!!
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Member of the Third Estate were inspired by the success of the American Revolution (Life, Liberty, and Property!)
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Louis XVI + Maria Antoinette Weak Leaders They were left a lot of debt from previous
monarchs Spent A TON of money Tried to tax nobility!! (This is going to
cause a problem!!)
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Called a meeting to vote on this new tax
This meeting was called the Estates General An assembly of representatives from all
three estates would vote for this new tax
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Each estate’s delegates met in a separate hall to vote
Each estate had one vote What’s the problem here???
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The two privileged estates could always outvote the third estate.
This meant that the third estate never gained political success
They needed to do something about that!
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Third Estate – Named themselves the National Assembly (1789) They could pass laws and reforms in the
name of the French people They were locked out of their meeting
room by the nobles
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The National Assembly broke into an indoor tennis court to create a new constitution – This became known as the Tennis Court Oath
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In response to the Tennis Court Oath he stationed his army around Versailles
The French people thought the King was going to attack his own people They began to gather weapons for defense
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July 14th 1789 – An angry French mob attacked the Bastille, a French prison, to get gunpowder. The French people took over the prison
This marked the beginning of the Revolution!!
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From Paris to the countryside the revolution spread.
Peasants began burning down nobles’ farms
Women marched on Versailles and demanded cheap bread.
The monarch left France – The revolution succeeded!!
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Aug 4th 1789 – Many Clergymen and Nobles joined the National Assembly. They took many powers away from the First and Second Estate.
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen This was the doc. created by the
National Assembly (Like our Declaration of Independence)
It stated that “all men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
Freedom of speech, religion, and equal justice
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National Assembly took over Church lands
Clergy had to be elected
Clergy and nobles are losing power!!
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For 2 yrs. the Assembly fought over a new constitution
Finally created a new one in 1791Created the Legislative Assembly
It could create laws and approve or reject declarations of war.
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The Legislative Assembly split into three groups Those that sat on the left side of the hall
(Radicals) Those that sat in the middle (Moderates) Those that sat on the right side of the
hall (Conservatives)
Does this sound familiar???
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During the French Rev. other European countries did not want this revolution to spread into their country. SO – they demanded that the French restore Louis XVI to his throne.
NOT A CHANCE – Let’s go to WAR!!
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Rumors started that the Kings supporters were going to break out of prisons.
SO – revolutionaries broke into the prison and killed everyone.
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Out with Legislative Assembly (1791) and in with National Convention Universal male suffrage Declared France a republic
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Radicals from a distinct political organization (revolutionaries) Jean-Paul Marat – newspaper editor▪ Believed that anyone who supported the kind
should be KILLED!!
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1793 – King and queen are murdered by the newly introduced guillotine.
This marks the beginning of “THE REIGN OF TERROR”!!!