issn 1560-7615 / isbn 978-99950-52-06-5 tssnavdþi ...rkb;rkgesdækic©km

1

TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008

nigvibulPaBRbkbedayKuNPaB} RBmCamYyRbFanbTrgrbs;vKÁcMnYn 5³

RbeTskm<úCa ³ karBinitüBIsßanPaBm:aRkUenAqñaM2008 •

karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa 1 •

karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa 2 •

karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa •

RbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 nigeTAGnaKt •

TsSnavdIþGPivDÆn_km<úCaelxenH epþatelIbBaðasMxan;²Edl)an

BiPakSakñúgsnñisITckçúvis½y nigkarCab;Tak;Tgrbs;bBaðaenHeTAnwgeKal

neya)ayGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa . CDRI nig ANZ Royal k¾kMBugeFIVkarsegçb

lT§plrbs;sniñsITCaPasaExµr nigGg;eKøs sMrab;dak;CUndl;GñkbegIát

eKalneya)ay nigGñkman\Ti§Bl . kmµviFI bTbgðaj nigÉksarsniñsIT

epSg²eTot GacEsVgrk)anenAEvbsayrbs; CDRI³ www.cdri.org.kh.

Éksare)aHBum<pSayrbs;

viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCaTsSnavdþ IGPivDÆn_km<úCa

emsa - mifuna qñaM2008 témø 1>500¹qñaMTI12 elx 2

ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5

karekogKrFnFankm<úCa manFnFanmnusS FnFanFmµCati FnFanhirBaØvtßú sRmab;karGPivDÆ kMeNInesdækic© nigvibulPaB RbkbedayKuNPaB³ snñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008*

matikakm<úCa³ TidæPaBma:RkU qñaM2008 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2karTajRbeyaCn_[)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6karTajRbeyaCn_[)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>> 9PaBCaédKUrvagrdæ-vis½yÉkCn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 12dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi GclnRTBü >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15tamdanesdækic© – sßanPaBeRkARbeTs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17

– sßanPaBkñúgRbeTs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19B½t’manfµI²BI viTüasßan CDRI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 24

sniñsITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 R)arB§eFIVeLIgenA

ExkumÖ³ qñaM2008 eRkamkic©shkar CDRI CamYyFnaKar

eGGinhSitrU:y:al;km<úCa ¬ANZ Royal¦ eday CDRI

CaviTüasßanRsavRCavxageKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_ Qan

muxeK ehIy ANZ Royal k¾CaFnaKarQanmuxeK

enAkm<úCaEdr . sniñsITenH mankarGeBa¢IjcUlrYmBI

sMNak;fñak;dwknaMcMnYn 250nak; mkBICYrraCrdæaPi)al

vis½yÉkCn sgÁmsIuvil nigshKmn_GPivDÆn_ nig

RsavRCavnana edIm,IeFIVkarBiPakSaBIeCaKC½y nigbBaða

RbQmEdlmankñúgkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa edayeFIVkar

sgát;F¶n;CaBiesseTAelIbBaðaBak;B½n§nwgvis½yÉkCn nig

edIm,IrYmKñabegIátCaGnusasn_sMrab;eKalneya)ay nig

KMniteyabl;mYycMnYnsMrab;skmµPaBGPivDÆn_RbeTs .

kñúgsunÞrkfaKnøwHebIkGgÁsnñisITckçúvis½yelIkTIBIrenH semþc

h‘un Esn naykrdæm®nþIénraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )ansgát;F¶n;fa mYyTsvtSr_

énsniþPaB nigsißrPaB GaceGayRbeTskm<úCa TTYl)ankMeNInKYrCaTI

eBjcitþ RBmCamYynwgkarGPivDÆesdækic© nig sgÁmkic©y:agxøaMgkøa dUcCa

karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk)aneRcIn cMNUlraCrdæaPi)alekIneLIg nigehdæarcna

sm<½n§vis½ysuxaPi)alnigkarGb;rM manPaBRbesIreLIg . eTaHbIy:agNakþI

semþcnaykrdæm®nþI k¾)anTTYlsÁal;pgEdrfa GnþrkaleTArkesdækic©

TIpSaresrImann½yfa CakarbnþbBaðaRbQmsMrab;raCrdæaPi)al nigédKU

GPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜn BiessbBaðavismPaB nigkarEbgEckplénkMeNInmin

esIµKña . semþc k¾)ansgát;F¶n;eTAelIbBaðaRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati vivaTdIFøI

nigsmtßPaBFnFanmnusSmanEdnkMNt; RBmCamYynwgkarpÁÚpÁgCMnajeTA

nwgtMrUvkarTIpSarBlkmµ min)anRtwmRtUvpgEdr CaBiesssMrab;snÞúHesdækic©

d¾xøaMgEbbenH vis½yÉkCnenAEtminTan;mankarGPivDÆ . bBaðaTaMgenHRtUv

)anpþl;GaTiPaBx<s;sMrab;karGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCaenACMhanbnÞab; .

RbFanbTsniñsITckçúvis½y qñaM2008 KW {karekogKrFnFankm<úCa man

FnFanmnusS FnFanFmµCati FnFanhirBaØvtßúsRmab;karGPivDÆ kMeNInesdækic©

* LarI eRsþn© naykRbtibtþiénviTüasßßan CDRI srubTidæPaBTUeTAén

sniñsITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 .

semþcnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn EføgsunÞrkfaKnøwHkñúgsnñisITckçúvis½y ExkumÖ³ qñaM2008

2


bNÐit Hossein Jalilian* GFib,ayRtYs²BIbTbgðajTaMgbYnkñúg vKÁTI1 énsnñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 niglT§pl sMxan;²énkarBiPakSaCabnþmkeTot .

sniñsITckçúvis½yqñaM2007 manlkçN³sMxan;mYyeTotkñúgvKÁsþIBI TidæPaB m:aRkUesdækic©enARbeTskm<úCa . dUcKñaEdr vKÁdMbUgénsniñsITqñaM2008 )anbgðajBIRbFanbTd¾sMxan;dUcxagelI . vKÁenHRtUv)ansMrbsMrYl eday Ék]tþmbNÐit hg; CYn Nar:un

1 ehIyGñkeFIVbTbgðajmandUcCa

elak John Nelmes2 Edl)anelIkBIsUcnakrm:aRkUsMxan;² bNÐit

Hossein Jalilian )anbUksrubBIbBaðaRbQmxagGPivDÆn_ elak Gary

Runciman3

)anBiPakSaBIbBaðamYycMnYnBak;B½n§nwgvis½yÉkCn eyag tamTsSn³rbs;vis½yFnaKarnighirBaØvtßú nigsaRsþacarü Zhang

Yuyan4 EdlbkRsayBIbBaðaTak;Tgnwgktþasßab½nkñúgtMbn;eyIg .

srubmk CadMbUgmankarbgðajBIxøwmsarsMxan;²énvKÁenH bnÞab;mkKW bTbgðajedayelak John Nelmes . vKÁenHpþl;B½t’manfµI²elI bBaðaEdl)anelIkeLIgkñúgsniñsIT ckçúvis½yqñaM2007 . elak John Nelmes pþl;Tinñn½yBak;B½n§elI RbFanbTenH ehIybgðajfa dMeNIrkaresdækic©d¾xøaMgkøanaeBlfIµ² )anfyel,Ónbnþicvijnabc©úb,nñ edaysarvis½ykat;edrkm<úCa nig esdækic©shrdæGaemrik)anFøak;cuH . RsbeBlCamYyKña GtiprNaekIn eLIgy:agxøaMg EdlGacmkBIkareLIgéfømðÚbGahar nigeRbg enATIpSar GnþrCati . Tak;TinnwgktþakñúgRsukEdlbgákMeNInGtiprNaenH elak Nelmes bBa¢ak;fa vabNþalmkBIkMeNIntMrUvkarkñúgRsukEdl)anbegIán éføBlkmµ ehIykMeNInéføBlkmµ)anrYmcMENkeFIVeGayTMnijeLIgéfø nigbegáIncMNayRTRTg;kMritCIvPaB . GtßbTTaMgRsugénbTbgðaj rbs;elak Nelmes manbgðajCUnenAxageRkayesckþIsegçbenH . bNiÐt Jalilian )aneFIVbTbgðajTak;TgnwgbBaðasMxan;²Edl esdækic©RbeTskm<úCakMBugRbQm . eTaHbIkMeNInCarYmrbs;RbeTskm<úCakñúgmYyTsvtSr_cugeRkay mansnÞúHxøaMgk¾eday b:uEnþPaBRkIRk enAEtmansPaBF¶n;F¶r ehIykarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkKYrEt)aneRcIn CagenH . elak)anEvkEjkfa kMeNIn nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk enAkm<úCaenAmankMritTabenAeLIy ebIeFobnwgkMeNInnigkarkat;bnßy PaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn; nigenARbeTscin . elakGHGageTotfa lT§pl minsUvl¥EbbenH bNþalmkBImUldæanénkMeNInmanlkçN³tUcceg¥ót edayRbmUlpþúMEtelIvis½ykat;edr sMNg; nigeTscrN_ . cMENkkMeNIn kñúgvis½yksikmµEdlsMxan;bMputsMrab;karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk vaman

sPaBmineTogTat; nigmankMritTab . dUecñHedIm,IeFIVeGaykan;Etman RbsiT§PaB kMeNInRtUvmanlkçN³rab;bBa©Úl)ankan;EtxøaMg nigRtUvman cMNgTak;Tgkan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBrvagvis½yxus²Kña nigkñúgvis½y nImYy² . kMeNInRtUvcat;Tukfa manlkçN³rab;bBa©Úl RbsinebIvapþl;[mñak;²nUvlT§PaBesµI²KñakñúgkarTTYl)an»kasl¥Edlva)an begIáteLIg. elakbNÐit)ansgát;F¶n;BItYnaTIsMxan;Edlvis½yÉkCn rdæaPi)al nig rcnasm<½n§GPi)alkic©l¥RbesIr GacedIrtYkñúgdMeNIrkarenH . edayKUs bBa¢ak;BIsar³sMxan;énkarEklMGksikmµeGayedIrtYCameFüa)aysMrab; kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk elak)anelIkBItYnaTId¾sMxan;én karcuHbBa¢Inig karEbgEckdIFøI siTi§elIGclnRTBükan;Etc,as;las; karGPivDÆ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigkarGPivDÆTIpSarCaTUeTA . kgVHxatsßab½nrwgmaM RBmTaMg kgVHRkbxNÐnigkardak;Gnuvtþc,ab;bTb,BaØtþi KWCa]bsKÁEdl bnþraraMgdl;kMeNIn . elak)anbBa¢ak;eTotfa bNþasßab½nkñúgtMbn;mantYnaTIsMxan;kñúg karCMrujeGaymankarbegáItsþg;dar nigkarBRgwgGnuvtþ RBmTaMgCYyKaMRTdl;karGPivDÆTIpSaresrI . elak Gary Runciman )aneFIVbTbgðajepþateTAelItYnaTIrbs; vis½yFnaKar niglMhUrmUlFn. elak)anelIkfa vis½yhirBaØvtßú)an ekInxøaMgGs©arüedaycab;epþImBImUldæanmYyd¾Tab ehIyR)ak;beBaØI)an ekIneLIgx<s;Cagkarpþl;kMcI . edayTMnukcitþelIvis½yFnaKarkan;Et RbesIreLIg vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs (FDI) enAkm<úCa RtUv)anvinieyaKin ykmktMkl;enAkñúgFnaKar ehIyR)ak;enAsl;rbs;GaCIvkmµ k¾epJITuk enAFnaKarEdr . sßab½nmIRkUhirBaØvtßú (MFIs) minTan;RbmUl)anR)ak; beBaØIeT ehIyk¾minEmnCameFüa)ayBitCak;EsþgsMrab;cUleTAkñúgvis½y pøÚvkarEdr . elak Runciman )anelIkfa karpþl;kMcI)anekInsn§wk Nas; ehIykMcITaMgenaHPaKeRcInmandak;GclRTBüFana EdleFVI[ RbCaCnBüayambegáInmUlFnCaGclnRTBü . edayeyagdl;sßab½n FnaKarTaMg 22 EdlkMBugRbkYtRbECgKñaeFVIGaCIvkmµ elakGHGagfa vis½yFnaKarmanlkçN³RbkYtRbECg dUecñHshRKasnanaGacTTYl plcMeNjBIsßanPaBenH . elak Runciman )anbBa¢ak;fa kMeNIny:agelOnnaeBlfIµ² kñúgvis½yFnaKar bgðajy:agc,as;BITMnukcitþkan;EteRcInelIR)ak;beBaIØ nigkarpþl;\NTan rYmTaMgTMnukcitþy:agxøaMgBIGaCIvkmµkñúgRsuk nig kMeNInvinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs . eTaHy:agenHkþI k¾kMcIPaKeRcInenAEtRtUv FanaedaydIFIø dUecñHehIykarpþl;kMcImanEdnkMNt; BIeRBaHkareFIVb½NÑ kmµsiTi§dIRtUvcMNayeRcIn nigmankarlM)akkñúgkardak;CavtßúFana . ]bsKÁepSg²eTotcMeBaHkarTTYl)anhirBaØvtßú KWkgVHxatkarBRgwg GnuvtþRkbx½NÐc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ karlM)aknwgTTYl)ankMcIedaysarkgVH ÉksarbBa¢ak; nigkgVHxatlT§PaBkñúgkareRbIRTBüepSgeTot ¬dUcCa RTBüGaCIvkmµCaedIm¦ edIm,IFanakMcI . haniP½ykñúgvis½yFnaKar mandUcCa R)ak;cMNUlTabkñúgvis½yenHCaTUeTAedaysarmankMcImin dMeNIrkar¬Bi)akTar¦eRcIn nigTMnukcitþTab edaysarKµankarBRgwg Gnuvtþc,ab; . bBaðaFM²EdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;CaGaTiPaB mandUcCa³

R)ak;cMNUlTab³ kMcImindMeNIrkarkMBugekIneLIg. eTaHbIR)ak;cMNUl •

rbs;FnaKarekIneLIgk¾eday k¾vaenAmankMritTabxøaMgNas;sMrab; RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ .

RbeTskm<úCa³ karBinitüBI sßanPaBm:aRkUenAqñaM2008sUcnakrsMxan;² bBaðaRbQm xagGPivDÆn_ tMbn;eyIg vis½yÉkCn

* elak Hossein Jalilian CanaykxagRsavRCavénviTüasßan CDRI

3


vis½yhirBaØvtßúrwgmaM CaktþasMxan;bMputsMrab;kMeNIn . •

kgVHxatr)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú nigTinñn½yGacTukcitþ)aneFIVeGay •

RbtibtiþkarmanbnÞúkcMNayx<s;³ RbCaCnminGacbgðajBImeFüa)ay EdlBYkeKnwgsgkMcIvij)aneT ehIycMNucenHbegIánhaniP½y nigéfø \NTan ¬karR)ak;¦.karBRgwgkarRbmUlBn§ r)aykarN_Bn§ niglixitRbkasbg;Bn§ •

eFIVeGaykarkMNt;haniP½ykan;EteFVI)anRtwmRtUv b:uEnþB½t’manTaMgenH minEmnebIkcMh[RKb;GaCIvkmµenaHeT . GaCIvkmµEdleFVIkarCamYy FnaKaryUrmkehIyGacTTYl)ankMcI BIeRBaHFnaKar)andwgBI sßanPaBrbs;BYkeK .cMNayd¾x<s;edIm,ITTYl)anÉksarb½NÑkmµsiT§idI raMgsÞHdl;kar •

TTYl)an\NTan eRBaHmanFnaKarEtmYycMnYntUcEdlGacpþl;kMcI edaymankardak;dIFIøFana .BRgwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ³ ebIKµankarBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;enaHeT •

karmineCOTukcitþnwgekIneLIg . kMENlMGkarBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab; Gac kat;bnßykarykdIeFIVCavtßúFana edayykRTBüdéT mkCMnYsvij .

elak Zhang Yuyan )aneFIVkarBinitüCalkçN³tMbn;eday eRbobeFobkMeNIn nigkarGPivDÆrbs;RbeTsmYycMnYnkñúúgtMbn;. elak )anelIkeLIgfa kMeNIn pss d¾xøaMgkñúgRbeTscin )anmkBIkMENTMrg; karebIkcMhRbeTscin nigdMeNIrkarkan;Etl¥énTIpSar . elak)an sgát;F¶n;BIsar³sMxan;énsmahrNkmµkñúgtMbn; kñúgkarCMrujeGayTIpSarnanakñúgtMbn;ebIkcMhkan;EteRcIn nigmandMeNIrkarkan;EtRbesIr . elak Zhang Yuyan )anbB¢ak;fa RbeTscinsVaKmn_cMeBaHkar cUlrYmrbs;RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkarerobcMsßab½nkMrittMbn;dUcCa Gas‘an nigshRbtibtþikarkMritGnutMbn; ¬dUcCa GnutMbn;TenøemKgÁCaedIm¦ . b:uEnþedIm,ITTYl)anplRbeyaCn_BIsmahrNkmµtMbn;enH RbeTsCa smaCik KYrEtGnuvtþviFankarmYycMnYndUcteTA³

karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;GclnRTBüeGay)antwgrwg mansar³sMxan; •

Nas;sMrab;karGPivDÆTIpSar . bBaðaecaTmYyKW etIsßab½nNaTTYl xusRtUveFVIkarBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;enH .kMeNInskmµPaBtMbn;PavUbnIykmµ TMngnaMeGaymansþg;darnIykmµ •

énc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ EdlnwgCYyRTRTg;karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab; GclnRTBü .edIm,IBRgwgtYnaTIsßab½nkñúgtMbn; RbeTsTaMgGs;RtUvmansiTi§esIµKña •

ehIykic©RBmeRBognana RtUvbMerIplRbeyaCn_KñaeTAvijeTAmk . karBRgwgshRbtibtþikaresdækic©kñúgtMbn;TamTarkarGt;Fµt; eRBaH TMnak;TMngrvagRbeTscUlrYmmanPaBsµúKsµaj .

xageRkamenH CaesckþIsegçbTsSn³rYménkarGPivDÆm:aRkU esdækic© Edlelak John Nelmes )anbgðajCUnGgÁsniñsIT .

RbeTskm<úCa³ karGPivDÆm:aRkUesdækic©elak Nelmes )andkRsg;karlUtlas;esdækic©naeBlfIµ²mYycMnYn RBmTaMgelIkCaCMerIseKalneya)ayxøH² edIm,IBRgwg nigrkSakMeNIn eGay)anyUrGEgVg . Ep¥ktamTMrg;énbTbgðaj EpñkenHEckecjCa BIrPaKKW PaKTI1 bgðajBIkarlUtlas;naeBlfIµ² RBmTaMgckçúvis½y rIÉ PaKTI2 eFVIkarBicarNaBICMerIseKalneya)aymYycMnYn .

karlUtlas;naeBlfµI² nigckçúvis½ybTbgðajrbs;elak Nelmes CaTUeTAekatsresIrBIsßanPaB nigkar RKb;RKgesdækic©km<úCa . elak)anelIkeLIgfa enAqñaM2007 RbeTs km<úCamanGRtakMeNIn 9/5°. b:uEnþGRtakMeNInenH TMngFøak;cuHbnþicvij kñúgry³eBlxøIxagmux dUcmanbgðajCUnxageRkam edaysarehtupl mYycMnYn dUcCakMeNInGtiprNaCaedIm . eTaHbImaneCaKC½yl¥dUecñHkþI elak Nelmes )aneRkInrMlwkfa enAmanbBaðaRbQm nighaniP½yFM²mYycMnYn kñúgry³eBlmFümdUcCa karbnþFøak;cuHkñúgvis½ykat;edr nigkMeNInGtiprNaEdlbNþalmkBI ktþaGnþrCati . kñúgbribTEbbenH km<úCaBi)aknwgbnþTTYl)ankar lUtlas;xøaMgkøa nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkd¾eRcIn² .

kñúgGMLúgeBlenH esdækic©km<úCamanGtiprNakMritx<s;Edl qøúHbBa©aMgCasMxan; kareLIgéføeRbg nigeLIgéfømðÚbGaharGnþrCati . kar Føak;éføR)ak;duløarUS k¾CYybegáInGtiprNaEdr . mü:ageTot k¾man sBaØaxøHénsMBaFGtiprNakñúgRsukEdr EdlbgáCasMxan;edaysar kMeNIntMrUvkarkMlaMgBlkmµ .

0

5

10

15

20

0

5

10

15

20

RbPB³ NIS's CPI

mkra-

07

kumÖ³-0

7

mIna-0

7

emsa

-07

]sPa

-07

mifuna-

07

kkáda-

07

sIha-0

7

kBaØa-

07

tula-0

7

vicäka

-07

FñÚ-07

snÞsSn_éføTUeTA nigsnÞsSn_rg

snÞsSn_éføTUeTAmðÚbGahar

kardwkCBa¢Únkarsñak;enA¼eRbIR)as;

¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦

RbPB³ NIS's CPI

0

4

8

-4

12

-4

0

4

8

12

mkra-

07kum

Ö³-07

mIna-0

7em

sa-0

7]s

Pa-0

7mif

una-07

kkáda-

07sIh

a-07

kBaØa-

07tul

a-07

vicäka

-07

FñÚ-07

mFümPaKsmtaénéføTMnijeRCIserIsmFümPaKsmtaéntMélBlkmµeRCIserIs

éføTMnijeRCIserIskñúgsnÞsSn_éføTUeTA¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦

-202468

101214161820

06Q1 06Q2 06Q3 06Q4 07Q1 07Q2 07Q3 07Q4 2007 est 2008KMerag

2009KMerag

-202468101214161820

eTscrN_ nigsMNg; ksikm~kat;edr epSg²kMeNIn pss

kMeNIn pss Bit¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦

RbPB³ NIS and IMF est. and proj.

KMerag IMF

9.67.2 7.0

4


eTaHbICaGtiprNarMBwgfanwgfycuHkñúgqñaM2008kþI k¾haniP½y GtiprNa)anekIneLIg . haniP½yTaMgenH manRbPBcMbgmkBIxageRkA b:uEnþktþaxagkñúgk¾edIrtYnaTIsMxan;Edr .

mUlehtumYyénkMeNInsMBaFGtiprNaenHKW enAkm<úCaRbB½n§ FnaKar)anrIklUtlas;y:agxøaMg EdlnaMeGaymankMeNInrUbiyvtßú y:agxøaMgEdr . RkahiVkxageRkambgðajfa karpþl;\NTan)anekIneLIg Cab;rhUtkñúgGMLúgeBlfIµ²enH EdlCH\Ti§Bldl;GRtakMeNInrUbiyvtßú . RbsinebIKµankarTb;sáat;eT GRtaGtiprNanwgekIneLIgEfmeTot . ebIsinkMeNInrUbiyvtßúminedIrRsbekokKñanwg kMeNInBitkñúgesdækic©eT vaGacnaMeGaymankMeNInGtiprNa .

rdæaPi)alkm<úCamankMeNIncMNUlx<s; EtmankMeNIncMNayTab . CasBaØasMKal;énkMENlMGkñúgkargarRKb;RKgesdækic© elak Nelmes

)anelIkfa R)ak;cMNUlrbs;rdæekIn 22° kñúgqñaM2007 EdlbBa¢ak;fa karRbmUlBn§)aneFIVeLIgy:agl¥ . kMeNIncMNUlenH manplviC¢man cMeBaHcMNayelIehdæarcnasm<½n§ karGb;rM nigesvaEfTaMsuxPaB .

b:uEnþkarRTRTg;sßanPaBeGayenAEtl¥teTAeTot Gackan;EtlM)ak RbsinebIkMeNInfycuHkñúgry³eBlmFüm . elak)anbgðajfa kMeNIn cMNaymanGRtaTabCagkMeNIncMNUl dUecñHrdæaPi)alGacbegIán R)ak;beBaØI nigkat;bnßy»nPaB ¬RkahiVkxageRkam¦ EdlGaceFIVeGay GtiprNafycuHxøH . b:uEnþdUcmanBiPakSatameRkayeTot cMNay CamUlFnrbs;rdæaPi)alRtUvekIneLIgCasMxan; edIm,IbegáInskþanuBl énkarrIklUtlas; .

bBaðaeKalneya)ay tamry³karBinitüRtYs²BIesdækic©dUcxagelI bBaðaCMerIseKalneya)ay mYycMnYn)anpuseLIg kñúgenHmanmYycMnYn)anelIkykmkBiPakSa dUcxageRkam . edaysarehtuplmYycMnYn CaBiessedIm,IelIkkMBs;kMritCIvPaB karrkSakMeNIneGaymankMritx<s; kñúgry³eBlmFüm nigry³eBlEvg CaktþasMxan;bMput . tYelxxageRkambgðajBIR)ak;cMNUlskþanuBlkñúg mnusSmñak; edayEp¥kelIGRtakMeNInefrkñúgGMLúgeBl 22qñaMxagmux . dUcmanbgðajkñúgRkahVik bMErbMrYlGRtakMeNInEtbnþic GaceFIVeGaykMrit pss kñúgmnusSmñak;; ERbRbYlxusKñay:ageRcIn kñúgry³eBld¾xIø . PaBxusKñarvagesNarIy:UEdl)anbgðajCUn vaCab;Tak;TgCasMxan;nwg PaBxusKñarvag eKalneya)ayEdl)anGnuvtþ . cMeBaHCMerIseKal neya)aysMrab;kMeNInx<s; RbeTskm<úCaKYrGnuvtþviFankarmYycMnYn EdlkñúgenaHviFankarsMxan;²CageKmandUcxageRkam . edIm,IrkSa)anGRtakMeNInx<s; rdæaPi)alRtUvcMNayeRcInEfmeTot elIehdæarcnasm<½n§ karEfTaMsuxPaB nigGb;rM . eyagtamlkçN³pÞal; énesvakmµTaMgenH ehIynigkarraErknigkarlM)akCaTUeTArbs;vis½y ÉkCn edIm,IeFVIvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ¼sgÁmkic© rdæaPi)al RtUvedIrtYnaTIRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBkñúgvis½yTaMgenaH . RbeTskm<úCa nigRbeTsCitxag manKMlatKñay:agxøaMg eyagtamsUcnakrxag

GtiprNa¬cugRKa - bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦

3.7

0.5

5.6 6.7

2.8

7.5

10.8

5.0

0

5

10

15

20

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

RbPB³ NIS's CPI and IMF's projection

IMFKMerag

rdæaPi)almCÄwm³ cMNUl nigcMNay

cMNay

cMNUl

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2004 2005 2006 2007 est0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

RbPB³ MEF and IMF (Excl. MDRI in 2006)

¬bMErbMrYlCa ° ry³1qñaM¦

¬Ca ° én pss¦rdæaPi)almCÄwm³ »nPaBsrub nighirBaØb,TankñúgRsuk

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

hirBaØb,TankñúgRsuk suT§

RbPB³ MEF and IMF (excl. MDRI in 2006)

»nPaBsrub

mkra-

07kum

Ö³-07

mIna-0

7

emsa

-07

]sPa

-07

mifuna-

07kk

áda-07

sIha-0

7kB

aØa-07

tula-0

7

vicäka

-07

FñÚ-07

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

mkra-

06mIn

a-06

]sPa

-06

kkáda-

06

kBaØa-

06

vicäka

-06

mkra-

07

mIna-0

7

]sPa

-07

kkáda-

07

kBaØa-

07

vicäka

-07

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

kMeNIn\NTan nigsnSMrbs;vis½yÉkCn

\NTanvis½yÉkCn

RbPB³ NBC's Monetary Survey

beBaØIMvis½yÉkCn

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

RbPB³ NBC's Monetary Survey

R)ak;erolkMBugcracr

ktþanaM[mankMeNInhirBaØvtßúy:agx<s;

snSMepSgeTotbeBaØICarUbiyvtßúbreTs



5


esdækic©¼sgÁmkic© dUcxageRkam ehIyKMlatTaMgenH RtUvEtkat;bnßy . b:uEnþedIm,IeGaymancIrPaB cMNayEbbenHRtUvEtedaHRsaytamry³ karRbwgERbgrkcMNUly:agxøaMgkøaCabnþeTot . RkahVikxageRkam bgðajBI kMeNInR)ak;cMNUlrdæaPi)almCÄwmd¾l¥mYykñúgeBlfIµ²enH b:uEnþ tYelxcugeRkay enAEtTabCagtYelxmFümsMrab;RbeTsRbhak; RbEhlKñaÉeTotenAGasIu .

edIm,IeGaymankMeNInesdækic©RbkbedaycIrPaB CakarsMxan;EdrEdl RtUvRKb;RKgGtiprNaeGay)an ehIyGtiprNakMritTabCaktþaKnøwHsMrab;kMeNIn nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . RkahVikxageRkambgðajBI cMNgTak;Tak;rvagGtiprNa nigkMeNIn pss kñúgTsvtSr_cugeRkay enH EdlCaTUeTAry³eBlmanGtiprNax<s; EtgmankMeNIn pss kMritTab ¬1995-2000¦ ehIyry³eBlmanGtiprNaTab Etgman kMeNIn pss x<s; ¬2001-2007¦ . ktþasMxan;mYyeTotEdlCYy CMrujkMeNIn KWkarRtYtBinitüvis½yFnaKary:agxøaMgkøaCabnþeTot . kMeNInlT§PaBTTYl)an\NTanú nigesvahirBaØvtßú mansar³sMxan;Nas; sMrab;esdækic©EdlkMBugrIklUtlas; . karBwgEp¥kelIesvaTaMgenH TMngCaBak;B½n§edaypÞal;eTAnwg TMnukcitþrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;eTAelI vis½yFnaKar ehIykarRtYtBinitüy:agxøaMgkøaelI esvakmµFnaKar GacCa meFüa)aymYysMrab;begáInTMnukcitþenH .

esckþIsnñidæansMrab;vKÁsarEdlpusecjBIvKÁenHKW esdækic©CaTUeTAmansßanPaBl¥ ehIy ckçúvis½yxagm:aRkUesdækic©k¾l¥RbesIrEdr . b:uEnþeyagtamkMritGPivDÆn_RbeTsy:agTab dUcbBa¢ak;eLIgedaytYelx pss kñúgmnusSmñak; yuT§saRsþedIm,IsMerckMeNInkMritx<s;KWsMxan;xøaMgNas; . edIm,IRTRTg; yuT§saRsþenH viFankarmYycMnYnRtUvGnuvtþ edIm,IkarBarsßirPaBesdækic© kMueGaymankarb:HBal;GviC¢man ehIykñúgenHRtUvsgát;F¶n;elIkar RKb;RKgGtiprNa . cMNucsMxan;mYyeTotKWRtUvFanafa kMeNIn esdækic©manlkçN³ {rab;bBa©Úl} nigpþl;plcMeNjesIµPaBKñadl;Gñk cUlrYmTaMgGs;. kñúgbribTenH bBaðaecaTxagsßab½n nigGPi)alkic© RtUvEtedaHRsayRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB . bBaðamYyEdlkm<úCakMBug RbQmmuxKW PaBRkIRkkMritx<s; nigel,Ónkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkyWt . edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmenHeGaykan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB caM)ac;RtUv eFVIeGayksikmµkan;EtmansnÞúHeLIg ehIyr)aykarN_GPivDÆn_RbcaM qñaM2007-08 e)aHBum<pSayeday CDRI

5 manpþl;B½t’manlMGitmYycMnYn

BImeFüa)ayedIm,ITTYl)aneCaKC½yenH .

kMNt;sMKal;1> GKÁelxaFikarén]tþmRkumRbwkSaesdækic©Cati nigGKÁelxaFikarén

RksYgesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú nigRbFanRkumRbwkSaPi)alén CDRI

2> tMNagmUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati (IMF) RbcaMRbeTskm<úCa 3> RbFanEpñkesvakmµhirBaØvtßúsMrab;shRKasénFnaKar ANZ Royal

4> sa®sþacarü nignaykviTüasßansikSaGasIu)a:sIuhVik bNÐitsPa viTüasa®sþsgÁmcinénsaFarNrdæRbCamanitcin

5> CDRI ¬2008¦ segçbr)aykarN_GPivDÆn_RbcaMqñaM2007-08

¬GNI Bit kñúgmñak; US$¦

0500

1000150020002500300035004000

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

05001000150020002500300035004000

IDA Threshold (kMeNIn 2%)

kMeNIn 10%

kMeNIn 7%

Gas‘an(kMeNIn 3%)

KMnUsbMRBYjKnøgkMeNIn pss Bit kñúgmnusSmñak;

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

km<úCa evotNam éf \NÐÚensIu m:aeLsIu0.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.140.16

RbPB³ CDC's Investment Guide 2006, & UNDP Human Development Report 2007-08

9.3 9.9 9.9 9.711.6 11.9

16.5

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007est 2008 KMerag LIC GasIu

rdæaPi)almCÄwm³ cMNUl

KMerag

LIC GasIu

RbPB³ MEF and IMF (excl. MDRI in 06)

mFümPaK

sUcnakrsgÁm

GRtamrNPaBkumar ¬1000nak;¦GRtaGkçkmµmnusScas; ¬°¦

dg;suIetpÚøvlM ¬K>m¼K>m2 ¬elxxagsþaM°¦¦

¬Ca ° én pss¦

6.43.6

7.29.6

1995-2000 2001-2007

GtiprNaCamFümkMeNIn pss BitCamFüm

GtiprNa nigkMeNIn pss Bit¬Ca °¦

RbPB³ NIS (and IMF est for 2007)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

50

100

150

200

250

300epSgeTotGclnvtßú nigpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³BaNiC¢kmµplitkmµesvakmµ

RbPB³ NBC's Economic & Monetary Statistics

\NTancab;epþImGaCIvkmµ¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦

mkra-

07

kumÖ³-0

7

mIna-0

7

emsa

-07

]sPa

-07

mifuna-

07

kkáda-

07

sIha-0

7

kBaØa-

07

tula-0

7

vicäka

-07

FñÚ-07

6


karTajplRbeyaCn_[)anRbesIr bMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa³ éRBeQI Clpl Er:

* bNÐit Brett M. Ballard KWCaTIRbwkSaRsavRCavCan;x<s;énviTüasßan CDRI

bNÐit Brett M. Ballard segçbBIxøwmsarsMxan;²énbTbgðajTaMg4

kñúgvKÁTI2 énsnñisITckçúvis½yqñaM2008 ehIyniglT§plénkar

BiPakSaCabnþmkeTot . *

kñúgsunÞrkfaebIksnñisIT semþcnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )ankt;sMKal;fa

PaBsMbUrFnFanFmµCati KWCapøÚveq<aHeTArkkarGPivDÆ karrIklUtlas;

nigvibulPaB bu:EnþkareFVIeGayFnFankøayCaBrC½yKWCabBaðaRbQm

mYy . semþc)anbnþeTotfa km<úCa)anemIleXIjbBaðamYycMnYn Tak;Tg

nwgkareRbIR)as; karRKb;RKgdIFøI éRBeQI nigClpl ehIykareRbIR)as;

dIminGs;lT§PaB karkab;T®nÞanéRBeQIykdI nigTMnas;elIkarkan;kab;

dIFøInigFnFanFmµCati enAEtCabBaðaRbQmsMrab;rdæaPi)al . semþc)an

bBa¢ak;fa karrkeXIjeRbgkatnig]sµ½nFmµCati )aneFIVeGaymankar

CECkedjedalelIkarRKb;RKgcMNUlBIFnFanTaMgenH b:uEnþbBaðacMbg

bMputrbs;km<úCakñúgry³eBlmFüm KW etIeRbgkat nigcMNUlepSg²

GacCMrujeGaymancMruHkmµesdækic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkkan;Et

eRcIn rWy:agNa .

esckþIepþIm³ sarKnøwHvaKµinTaMg 4 kñúgvKÁenH )anbBa¢ak;eLIgvijBIbBaðaCaeRcInTak;Tgnwg

Clpl nigéRBeQI EdleK)andwgCaTUeTAehIy . éRBeQI nigClpl

KWCaFnFanFmµCatid¾sMxan;sMrab;km<úCa . va)ancUlrYmy:ageRcInkñúgxÞg;

ksikmµén pss CYybegáItkargar nigpþl;es,ógGahar nigGus-FüÚg

sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCaPaKeRcIn . eTaHbICamanRkbxNÐc,ab; nig

eKalneya)aysMrab;karBarFnFanéRBeQInigClplkþI b:uEnþkMeNIn

RbCaCn kareRbIR)as;y:ageRcInnUv rebobxusc,ab;edIm,IRbmUlykpl

BIFnFanFmµCati nigkardak;Gnuvtþc,ab;enAexSay )aneFVIeGayvtþman

niglT§PaBeRbIR)as;FnFanFmµCati Føak;cuHy:agelOn . rebobGnuvtþ

EbbenH )anecaTbBaðay:ageRcIndl;karRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCatieGay

manRbsiT§PaBedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .

rdæaPi)aldwgc,as;fa FnFanFmµCatiedIrtYnaTIsMxan;Nas;

eRBaHvaCaRbPBcMNUlcMbg sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCarab;lannak;enAtamCn

bT ehIy)ancat;TukkarRKb;RKgFnFanensaT nigéRBeQIRbkbeday

RbsiT§PaB CaktþacMbgmYysMrab;karGPivDÆesdækic©-sgÁmkic© nigkar

kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk dUcmanEcgkñúgyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆctuekaN én

EpnkaryuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_CatiqñaM2006-2010 ¬raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa

2006¦ . eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa EdlpSBVpSayeday

RksYgEpnkar )anbBa¢ak;c,as;fa RbsinebIGacbBaÄb;karxUcxatFnFan

FmµCati)an eKaledACaTUeTAénkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk KWGacsMerc)an

y:aggay . vaKµinTaMg 4 yl;Rsbfa kic©xMRbwgERbgrYmKñaKYrEteFVIeLIg

edIm,IEkERbninñakarfycuH¼xUcxatFnFanFmµCati eGayeTACakarrIk

lUtlas;FnFanenHvij edIm,Ipþl;plRbeyaCn_CaGtibrmadl;RbCaCn

RkIRkenACnbT . rIÉFnFanensaTk¾dUcKñaEdr ebIsinmankarRKb;RKg

y:agRtwmRtUv vaGacrYmcMENk)aneRcInEfmeTotdl;karkat;bnßy

PaBRkIRk .

vaKµink¾)ansegáteXIjfa TidæPaBmYycMnYnénkMENTMrg;eKal

neya)ay dUcCa kardkhUtykdIéRBmkvij kardak;bMramkab;éRBeQI

nigkarbegáItshKmn_éRBeQInigensaT KWkMBugGnuvtþehIynabc©úb,nñ .

bu:Enþkardak;Gnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØatimanRsab; rYmTaMgkarkarBar nig

dak;Bin½ycMeBaHkarensaT nigkab;éRBeQIxusc,ab; enAEtecaTbBaða

xøaMg . karT®nÞanykdI karEkERbdIéRB karrMelaPykdIIi nigTMnas;dIFøI

)anekIneLIg rYmTaMgenAtMbn;karBar . rebobrbbGnuvtþmYycMnYn dUcCa

karykeQIeFVIGus-FüÚg nigsMNg; k¾Ca]bsKÁFMmYydl;karGPirkSEdr .

sm,TandIesdækic© ¬ELCs¦ min)anCMrujkarGPirkS nigkar

RKb;RKgFnFan[)anskþisiT§ienaHeT BIeRBaHva)anrwtbnþwgkareRbIR)as;

dIRbkbedaypliPaB nigkøayCaExlkarBarkarkab;éRBeQIxusc,ab; .

vaKµin 2rUb )anelIkmtifa ELCs KYrBicarNaeLIgvijBIbBaðasm,TandI

esdækic© nigehIykñúgkrNIxøHKYrbBa©b;vaEtmþg .

karRsavRCavrbs;viTüasßan CDRI nigkarsikSamYycMnYneTot )an

bgðajfa plRbeyaCn_énGaCIvkmµelIFnFanFmµCati BMu)anEbgEckeTA

dl;RbCaCnPaBesµIKñal¥eT b:uEnþ)anbegáInvismPaBxagesdækic© nigkar

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neya)ayén kareFVIGaCIvkmµFnFanFmµCati TamTarkarRsavRCav

bEnßmeTot .

karrIklUtlas; nigGaTiPaBÉk]tþm c½nÞ tugGuIv rdæelxaFikarRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT

¬MAFF¦ )ankt;sMKal;fa ClplCaFnFancMbgmYy nigCaRbPB

es,ógGahard¾sMxan;sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCa . m:üageTot 24>9° én pss

xagksikmµ KW)anmkBIClpl . ensaTbMerItMrUvkares,ógeGayRbCaCn

6lannak; nigbegáItkargarCaeRcIn . RbCaCnkm<úCaRbmaN 45° Bwg

Ep¥kelIkarensaTkñúgrUbPaBNamYy . rdæaPi)al)aneCOnelOny:ag

eRcInkñúgkarEfrkSasþúkRtI tamry³karbegáItshKmn_ensaT .

Ék]tþm c½nÞ tugGIuv )ankt;sMKal;eTotfa eKalneya)ay

Tak;TgnwgkarRKb;RKgFnFanClpl nigéRBeQI KWmaneRscehIy .

vis½yéRBeQItMNageGay 7° én pss dUecñHkarkab;éRBeQI nwg

CH\T§iBldl;cMENkéRBeQI kñúg pss . nabc©úb,nñ mankardak;viFankar

mYycMnYnedIm,ITb;sáat;karkab; nigkarbMpøajéRBeQIxusc,ab; rYmTaMg

7


kareRbI]bkrN_xusc,ab;pgEdr . sBVéf¶rdæaPi)alkMBugdkhUtyk

éRBeQImkvij nigdak;éRBmYycMnYnCaéRBbMrugTuk . RbeTskm<úCa

)ancUlrYmkñúg GgÁkaréRBeQIGnþrCatiCaeRcIn . KN³kmµaFikarshKmn_

éRBeQICaeRcInk¾)anbegáIteLIgEdr edIm,ICYyRKb;RKgFnFanéRBeQI .

bNÐit tub ent énviTüasßan CDRI )anelIkfa karBwgEp¥kelI

FnFanFmµCati KWCalkçN³sMKal;d¾;sMxan;mYyrbs; RbCaCnenAtam

CnbT ehIykarbBaÄb;karbMpøicbMpøajFnFanFmµCatiKWcaM)ac;xøaMgNas;

edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . RbCaCnkm<úCaCag 80° rs;enAtamtMbn;

CnbT . BYkeKPaKeRcInCaksikr ehIyBwgGaRs½yelIplitplensaT

nigéRBeQI edIm,IRTRTg;CIvPaB . Éksare)aHBum<pSaymYyrbs; UNDP

¬2007¦ )anraykarN_fa sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCa RtI nig plitplRtI

rYmcMENkdl;eTA 75° énkarhUbRbUetGuInsrubBIRbPBstV ehIy

RbCaCnCag 1lannak; sBVéf¶rkciBa©wmCIvitedaykarensaT .

CMerOnRbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTsqñaM1998 )anbgðajfa RbmaN 92°

énRbCaCnsrubBwgGaRs½yelIGus-FüÚgedIm,IcMGinGahar1 . GnupléRB

eQIk¾CaRbPBd¾sMxan;mYyénes,óg nigR)ak;cMNUlsMrab;RKYsarCaeRcIn

enACnbT . ]TahrN_ karsikSafµImYy (Hansen and Neth 2006) elI

502RKYsar kñúg 16PUmi enAextþkMBg;FM eBaF×sat; mNÐlKIrI nigRkecH )an

rkeXIjfa RKYsarRkIRkrk)anBI

éRBCamFüm 42° ¬280duløar¦

éntMél RTRTg;CIvPaB rIÉRKYsar

mancMNUlmFümrk)an 30°

¬345duløar¦ .

épÞdIéRBeQIenAkm<úCa )an

fycuH 2/6lan h>t kñúgGMLúg

eBl 30qñaM ¬1970-2002¦ rWesµInwgkar)at;bg;RbcaMqñaM 81>000h>t

¬CMDGs 2005¦ . bnÞab;BIkarlubecalsm,TanéRBeQI EdltMNag

[Cag 50° énépÞdIsßiteRkamrbbsm,Tan nigkarp¥akkarkab;eQIcab;

BIqñaM2002 mk karkab;eQIRTg;RTayFM )anfycuHKYreGaykt;sMKal; .

b:uEnþkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;enAEtCakþI)armÖ enAtamtMbn;CaeRcInkñúgRbeTs

km<úCa . mü:ageTot kMeNInRbCaCnenACnbT karTRnÞanykdI nigkar

rMelaPykdI )ankøayCakarKMramkMEhgd¾FMmYy . dIéRBkan;EteRcInRtUv

)anEkERbeTAbMerItMrUvkarepSg² dUcCa kardaMsVaycnÞI dMLÚgeQI

sENþkesog eBat nigekAs‘U ehIykarykeQIeFVIGus-FüÚg Kµanfy

cuHeT . kareLIgéfødI k¾CMruj[mankarkab;qáaréRBykdIkan;EteRcIn

ehIyTMnas;elIkarkan;kab;dIk¾puseLIgenAtamtMbn;CaeRcIn .

RbPBmYyeToténkar)at;bg; éRBeQI KWkarpþl;sm,TandIesdækic© .

enAExkumÖ³ 2007 dIsßiteRkamrbb sm,TandIesdækic© man 0>94lan

h>t edaymankarcuHkic©RBmeRBogCamYy 57Rkumh‘un (MAFF 2007) .

bu:EnþenAcugqñaM2005 épÞdIEdlRkumh‘un)andaMduHehIy manEt 1>8° én

épÞdIsm,Tansrub (UNDP 2007) . viPaKsegçbmYyeFVIeLIgeday

viTüasßan CDRI elIdIsm,Tan 8kEnøg edayeFobnwgKMrbéRBeQI

enAqñaM1997 bgðajfa 70° énépÞdIrbs;BYkeK KWCaéRB (Hansen and

Neth 2006) . r)aykarN_ UNDP ¬2007¦ )anbBa¢ak;fa dImYycMnYn

kñúgKMeragenH kMBugEteRbIR)as;sMrab;kab;ykeQIlk; . sm,Tan

dIesdækic© min)an bMerIdl;karGPirkSeT . manEt 2° énépÞdIb:ueNÑaH

EdlmankardaMduH ehIykarkab;eQIedayxusc,ab;enAEtbnþ .

karsikSarbs;viTüasßan CDRI elIkarvaytMélPaBRkIRkedayman

karcUlrYmenAtMbn;Tenøsab )anrkeXIjfa karFøak;cuHFnFanClpl

ekItmanenAkñúgPUmiensaT)anGegátTaMg 5 ¬ERBkRsemac nigRTay

enAextþesomrab édrnat enAextþeBaF×sat; ekaHtaeBA nigeBRCcRkI

enAextþkMBg;FM¦ . UNDP ¬2007¦ k¾)anraykarN_Edrfa sþúkRtITwksab

EdlGñkensaTtUctacGaceTAensaT)an KW)anFøak;cuHCabnþbnÞab; .

CncMNakRsukkan;EteRcIncUleTAkñúgtMbn;ensaT nigkarxUcxat

RbB½n§eGkULÚsuI )aneFIVeGayFnFanClpl Føak;cuHkñúgb:unµanqñaMknøgeTA

enH . karkab;bMpøajéRBeQIRTg;RTayFMkñúgEdnrgTwkePøógénsÞwg-Tenø

nana )aneFVI[ERbRbYllMhUrTwk nigKuNPaBTwkenAExSTwkxageRkam

Edlb:HBal;dl;karBgkUnrbs;RtI nigsþúkRtI . mü:ageTot éRBlicTwk

enACuMvijbwgTenøsabkMBugrgkarkab;bMpøaj ehIy)anb:HBal;GviC¢man

dl;tMbn;RtIBgkUnd¾sMxan;²CaeRcIn . GñkensaTtUctacCaeRcIn)an

eFVIensaTedayxusc,ab; nigeRbI

rebobensaT Edlb:HBal;dl;

RbB½n§eGkULÚsuI dUcCa kareRbI

eRKOgpÞúH nig]bkrN_qk;RtI

edIm,Icab;RtICaedIm . GñkensaT

TaMgGs; hak;dUcBüayamcab;RtI

[Et)aneRcInbMput edayBMuKitKUr

BIGnaKtyUrGEgVgénkarensaTRtIkñúgtMbn;nImYy²enaHeT .

elak Qit sMGat naykRbtibtþiénevTikaGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al

sþIBIkm<úCa )ankt;sMKal;fa sgÁmsuIvi;l )ancab;GarmµN_kan;EteRcIneLIg

ehIyelIkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati . elak)anelIkBI eRKaHfñak;én

kareFVIGaCIvkmµ KµankarRKb;RKg nigkarEbgEckplRbeyaCn_minesµI PaB

Kña rYmTaMgbBaðacMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg)anmkBIvis½yéRBeQIsMrab;fvikaCati .

elakk¾)anbBa¢ak;BIsar³sMxan;énkarføwgEføg[mantulüPaBrvagsm,Tan

dIesdækic© ehIynigtMrUvkarkarBarbrisßan nigkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .

nabc©úb,nñ karvaytMélBIplb:HBal;elIbrisßan enAxVHxatenAeLIy

ehIymeFüa)ayk¾xVHxatEdredIm,IedaHRsaybNþwgtv:asþIBIplb:HBal;

GviC¢manénsm,TandIesdækic© eTAelICIvPaBrs;enAkñúgmUldæan RBmTaMg

karrs;enArbs;CnCatiPaKtic . kMENTMrg;fµI² kñúgvis½yClplTTYl)an

karKaMRTeRcIn b:uEnþkarGnuvtþCak;EsþgenAEtecaTbBaða BIeRBaHkarBRgwg

Gnuvtþc,ab; manTMenarGnueRKaHdl;GñkensaTRTg;RTayFM .

bBaðaRbQmcMbg²Ék]tþm c½nÞ tugGIuv )anelIkfa karbnþeRbIR)as;eQIedIm,Isagsg;pÞH

karkab;bMpøajéRBeQIRTg;RTayFMkñúgEdnrgTwkePøógén

sÞwg-Tenønana )aneFVI[ERbRbYllMhUrTwk nigKuNPaBTwkenA

ExSTwkxageRkam Edlb:HBal;dl;karBgkUnrbs;RtI nigsþúkRtI .

mü:ageTot éRBlicTwk enACuMvijbwgTenøsabkMBugrgkarkab;bMpøaj

ehIy)anb:HBal;GviC¢mandl;tMbn;RtIBgkUnd¾sMxan;²CaeRcIn .

8


mann½yfa tMrUvkarFnFanéRBeQI enAEtmankMritx<s; . km<úCaman

c,ab;CaeRscehIy b:uEnþkaryl;dwg nigkarGnuvtþenAexSayenAeLIy .

bBaðaRbQm manCaGaTi karT®nÞanykdIéRB karkab;bMpøajéRBeQI

karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;exSay nigsmtßPaBmankMriténm®nþIéRBeQItam

mUldæan . karelIksÞÜyplitpléRBeQIedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk

k¾CatMrUvkarmYyEdr . RbCaCnFmµtaRtUvkarmanlT§PaB nigsuvtßiPaB

RKb;RKan;kñúgkareRbIR)as;éRBeQI . bBaðaéRBeQIKYrEtdak;bBa©Úlkñúg

EpnkarGPivDÆn_ ehIykarRKb;RKgéRBeQIk¾RtUvmantmøaPaBpgEdr .

karFøak;cuHsþúkRtIFmµCati vaCab;Tak;Tgnwgkar)at;bg;éRBlicTwk

karensaThYskMrit kMeNInRbCaCn nigkareRbIR)as;]bkrN_ensaT

TMenIbnigxusc,ab; . FnFanTwk)anfycuH CaBiessTwkCMnn;TenøemKgÁ

Edlb:HBal;dl;KuNPaB nigbrimaNRtI . dUecñHRtUvEtBRgwgGnuvtþ

c,ab;eGayxøaMgeLIgeTot edIm,IkarBarsþúkRtIFmµCati nigbBaÄb;kar

ensaTxusc,ab; . plb:HBal;énTMnb;varIGKÁisnIelIKuNPaBTwkén

tMbn;ExSTwkxageRkam k¾Cakar)armÖd¾FMmYyEdr .

elak Lay XIm mkBI UNDP )anelIkeLIgBIcMNucsMxan;mYy

Bak;B½n§nwgviFIvas;EvgtMélFnFanFmµCati ¬mUlFnFnFanFmµCati¦ nig

CaBiesstMél)at;bg;FnFanKittam pss nigRbB½n§KNenyüCati .

FnFanFmµCati k¾Ca RTBüskmµmUlFn Edr b:uEnþBMumanbgðajenAkñúg

KNenyüCatieT rYmTaMgkar)at;bg;rbs;vapg . bBaðaenHnaM[Gñk

eFVIEpnkarmin)andwgc,as;BItMélesdækic©BitR)akd nigGRtaénkar

xUcxatéRBeQI . edIm,IbBaÄb;karhinehacFnFanenH R)ak;cMNUl

TTYl)anKYrEtRKb;RKg nigEckcayy:agRby½tñRbEygbMput ehIyyk

eTAeRbIR)as;edIm,I begáItmUlFnkñúgTMrg;epSgeTot edIm,IkuM[RtUvBwgEp¥k

Canic©CakaleTAelIFnFanEdlkMBugfycuH nigmankartv:aenH.

nabc©úb,nñ R)ak;cMnUlEdlrdæaPi)alTTYl)anBIkareFVIGaCIvkmµéRBeQI

vamanmineRcIneT nigmantmøaPaBtictYceBk kñúgEbbbTRbmUlvamk

nigykvaeTAcMNay.

elak Lay XIm k¾)ansegáteXIjfa RbeTsRkIRkmanTMenarBwg

Ep¥kelIFnFanFmµCati sMrab;karGPivDÆesdækic©-sgÁmkic© rIÉRbeTs

GPivDÆx<s;CagenaH EtgBwgEp¥keRcInCageTAelImUlFnEbbGrUbI .

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vanwg)at;bg;rhUt . vaKµin)anpþl;mtifa eKcaM)ac;RtUvEbrecjBIkarBwg

GaRs½yelIFnFanFmµCati mkBwgEp¥kelIRTBüskmµGrUbI dUcCa GPi)al

kic©l¥ FnFanmnusS nigkMritCMnajkargar CaedIm . bc©úb,nñenHva

CaerOgsMxan;Nas;EdlRtUvEbgEckcMNUl)anmkBIFnFanFmµCati yk

eTAGPivDÆmUlFnepSg²eTot .

elak tub ent )anbgðajfa vaCaGaTiPaBx<s;bMputmYyEdlRtUv

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nigéRBeQIshKmn_ . karensaTCaeRcIneRbIR)as;meFüa)ayxusc,ab;

dUcCa eRKOgpÞúH nig ]bkrN_qk;RtICaedIm . TegVIenHnaMeGaysþúkRtI

FmµCatiFøak;cuHy:agxøaMg . dUecñHRtUvmankarRbwgERbgrYmKña edIm,IRbyuT§

RbqaMgnwgkarensaTxusc,ab; . mü:ageTot RtUveFVIkarvaytMélBI

karensaTRtIEdlGnuvtþ)anyUrGEgVg nigRtUvrkSabrimaNRtIcab;)an[

sßitenARtwmkMritmYyEdlmancIrPaB .

karBRgIképÞdIsßiteRkamrbbéRBeQIshKmn_ ¬CF¦ nigkMENlMG

karRKb;RKg KWCaviFIsa®sþmYyd¾l¥ edIm,I[mankarcUlrYmRKb;RKgéRBeQI

karFanaBICIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCnRkIRkEdlBwgGaRs½yelIéRBeQI

nigkarsMerc)ankareRbIR)as;mancIrPaBnUvFnFanéRBeQI . mkdl;qñaM

2007 épÞdIsßiteRkamrbbéRBeQIshKmn_ manRbEhl 0/18lan

h>t ¬264 shKmn_¦ rWesµInwg 1/6° énépÞdIéRBeQIsrub . KYrkt;

sMKal;fa éRBeQIshKmn_PaKeRcInsßitkñúgtMbn;éRBeQIxUcKuNPaB .

RbsinebIcg;[shKmn_éRBeQIGacrs;ran edayxøÜnÉg)an rdæaPi)alKYr

EtélEckéRBeQIEdlmantMélCagenH eTA[KMeragéRBeQIshKmn_ .

sBVéf¶sm,TandIesdækic©mYycMnYn kMBugEteRbIR)as;edIm,Ikab;yk

eQI . dUecñHeKcaM)ac;;RtUvesIerIBinitünUv kic©RBmeRBogEdlmanRsab;nana

ehIyGacbBa©b;sm,TanNaEdlbMBankic©RBmeRBog . enAeBlesIerI

BinitüeLIgvijenH KYrykcitþTukdak;eRcInEfmeTotelIplRbeyaCn_

Edl)andl;RbCaCnmUldæan nigtMélxUtxatFnFanFmµCati .

karBRgwgkic©karBaréRBeQI nigkarelIkkMBs;kargarGPirkS

k¾sMxan;Nas;Edr . enAqñaM1993 mankarkMNt;tMbn;éRBkarBarcMnYn

23 enAkm<úCa EdlRKbdNþb;elIépÞdICag 3/13lan h>t . bu:EnþenAEt

manr)aykarN_BIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarrMelaPykdI kñúgtMbn;

karBarmYycMnYn . dUecñH kardak;Gnuvtþn_c,ab; nigskmµPaBRbyuT§RbqaMg

nwgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarrMelaPykdI KWcaM)ac;bMput .

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esdækic©eLIgvij nigmantmøaPaB eRcInEfmeTotTak;TgnwgcMNUl

rbs;rdæaPi)alEdl)anmkBIéRBeQI nigFnFanFmµCatiepSgeTot nig

kareRbIR)as;cMNUlTaMgenH . eKalneya)ay nigc,ab;nanaeTaHbIl¥

y:agNakþI k¾minEmncb;RtwmGnumtiecjmkenaHeT . kargarsMxan;bMput

KWFana[mankarRbtibtþitam karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab; nigdak;eTasT½NÐ[

)ansmRsb . ktþaKnøwHmYykñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati KWGaCJaFr

mUldæanKYremIl[eXIjnUv plRbeyaCn_)anBIkareRbIR)as;FnFan

FmµCati . edIm,IRKb;RKgFnFaneRbgkat nig]sµ½n [manRbsiT§PaB

kardak;GnuvtþCamunnUv Rkbx½NÐKNenyüPaBmYy KWmansar³sMxan;

Nas; . mü:ageTotk¾RtUvman tmøaPaBelIcMNUl-cMNayCab;Tak;Tg

nwgFnFaneRbgkat nig]sµ½nFmµCatiEdr .

kMNt;sMKal;1> eBlenHtYelxGaccuHTabbnþicvijedaysarman]sµ½nnaMcUl b:uEnþkar

BwgEp¥kelIGus-FüÚgenAEtmankMritx<s; edaysarkareLIgéfø]sµ½n .

ÉksareyagsUmemIlÉksareyagkñúgGtßbTPasaGg;eKøs

9


elak c½nÞ supl eFVIkarsegçbBIbTbgðajvkñúgKÁTI3 énsnñisIT

ckçúvis½yqñaM2008 nigRbemIlemIlBIkarrIkcMerInénCMnaj pÁÚpÁg

eTAnwgtMrUvkarTIpSar

RbFanbTvKÁTIbIénsniñsITckçúvis½y KWFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa .

EpñkenHdwknaM nigsMrbsMrYleday elakCMTavbNÐit Guwg knßapavI

rdæm®nþIRksYgkic©karnarI . Ék]tþm eBC esaP½n rdæelxaFikar

RksYgkargar nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ )aneFIVbTbgðajBI {kareqøIytbnwg

tMrUvkarTIpSarBlkmµEdlERbRbYlcuHeLIg}. bnÞab;mk elakbNÐit

Ca san c½nÞfn saklviTüaFikarénsaklviTüal½ybBaØasaRsþ eFVIkar

bkRsayBI {karGb;rMmanKuNPaBx<s; nigGnaKtRbeTskm<úCa} .

elakRsI Sandra D’Amico naykRKb;RKgRkumh‘un H.R. Inc. )aneFIV

bTbgðajBI {etIvis½yÉkCnRtUvkarGIVxøH} . enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH

elak c½nÞ supl GñkRKb;RKgRsavRCavCan;x<s; vbsG-CDRI )aneFVI

bTbgðajBI {bBaðaRbQmxageKalneya)ayTIpSarBlkmµ} . esckþI

segçbxageRkamenHbgðajBIcMNucnanaEdl)anelIkmkBiPakSa .

sarsMxan;²

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mnusS nigkMlaMgBlkmµmanCMnaj . bBaðamanCaGaTi plitPaBTab

nigyuvCnGt;kargareFVId¾eRcInrYmTaMgkñúgcMeNamnisSitbBa©b;]tþmsikSa

eTotpg . RbCaBlrdæPaKeRcInrs;enACnbTdac;Rsyal nigRkIRk

ehIyBlkrenACnbTPaKeRcInRtUvkarEtCMnajmUldæanb:ueNÑaH b:uEnþ

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Ep¥kelIFnFan .

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CaBiesstamry³karksagRkbx½NÐGb;rM nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³nig

bec©keTsCati ¬Technical and Vocational Education and

Training: TVET¦ nigkarGnumtieRbIsþg;darCMnajEp¥kelIsmtßPaB .

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enAmankMrit ehIyk¾minsUvRsbtamtMrUvkarrbs;nieyaCkeT .

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bec©kviTüa rWvisVkmµeT .

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mandUcCa karkMNt;kMritsikSaRtUvmanedIm,I)ancUleron karbegIát

TIPñak;garpþl;karTTYlsÁal; nigkardak;GnuvtþqñaMTImYysþg;darenA]tþm

sikSaedIm,Ipþl;CMnajmUldæan . nisSitPaKeRcInEdlbBa©b;]tþmsikSa

enAEtKµanCMnajRKb;RKan;rWsmRsbeT dUecñHk¾puseLIgnUvkgVHxat

GñkmansmtßPaB nigtMrUvkarvKÁsikSaxagEpñkkargarsgÁmkic© .

mü:ageTot k¾mankgVHxatCMnajTUeTAmYycMnYnEdlnieyaCkkMBugRtUvkar

dUcCa CMnajviPaKBicarNa CMnajsresr nigCMnajdwknaM CaedIm .

nieyaCklM)akeRcInNas;kñúgkareRCIserIsbuKÁlikEdl smRsb

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karTamTarminR)akdniym nigkgVHxatCaTUeTAnUvlkçN³eRtomxøÜn

GaceFVIkar)anrbs;nisiStbBa©b;]tþmsikSa . bc©úb,nñ karbBa¢ak;TTYl

sÁal;nUvCMnaj¼bTBiesaFn_ CacMNucxVHxatmYyFMNas; ehIyBYkyuvCn

k¾RtUvyl;dwgeGay)anc,as;EfmeTotBITIpSarBlkmµ nigCMnajRtUvman

edIm,ITTYl)ankargar nigrkSakargarenaH)an . kgVHGñkmanCMnaj

eFVIeGaymankMeNInebovtSr_ nigkarpøas;bþÚrbuKÁlikjwkjab; edayBYkeK

EsVgrkR)ak;eborvtSr_x<s; niglkçx½NÐkargarl¥EfmeTot .

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bTbgðaj nigkarBiPakSa

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b:unµanqñaMenH RkumyuvCnkñúgGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anekIneLIgtamGRta

3/2° . RbCaCnRbEhl 250>000nak; )ancUlbEnßmkñúgkMlaMg

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eFIVkar EtGaceFIVkargar)an¦ enAPñMeBj KW 20/1° EdlCacMnYnmYy

KYreGay)armÖ . GRtaGt;kargareFVI kñúgRkumyuvCnGayu 15-19qñaM

man 27/8° nigkñúgRkumGayu20-24qñaM man 16/6° .

kMeNInyuvCnEdlRtUvkar»kaskargar nigCMnajsmRsb KWCabBaða

RtUvRbQmteTAeTot .

GRtayuvCnGt;kargareFVIkMritx<s;EbbenH GacbNþalmkBI

»kaskargarminRKb;RKan; eFobnwgkMeNInkMlaMgBlkmµ . »kaskargar

mankMritkMNt; CaBiesskñúgvis½yksikmµ . b:uEnþenAcMeBaHmuxtMrUvkar

karTajRbeyaCn_[)anRbesrIbMput BIFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa

* elak c½nÞ supl KWCaGñkRKb;RKgRsavRCavCanx<s;Epñkesdækic© BaNiC¢kmµ

nigshRbtibtþiGnþrCati énviTüasßan CDRI

10


kargard¾eRcIndUcsBVéf¶ GñkvinieyaK nigGñkCMnYj enAEtt¥ÚjEt¥rBI

kgVHxatCMnajEdlBYkeKRtUvkar . esvakmµbNþúHbNþal nigGb;rM

enATn;exSayenAeLIy ehIyyuvCnCaeRcInminGaceTAcUlrYmkñúgkar

bNþúHbNþal)aneT eRBaHmantMrUvkarcMbgkñúgry³eBlxøIedIm,Irk)an

es,ógGahar nigvtßúcaM)ac;epSg²eTot .

karbegIátkargarminRKb;RKan; GacbNþalmkBIbriyakas

vinieyaKTunminGMeNayplkalBImun eTaHbInaeBlsBVéf¶mankar

RbwgERbgCaeRcInedIm,IEklMGvakþI . enACnbTmankgVHxatkargar

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rWRbeTsepSgeTot CaBiessRbeTséf . km<úCamaneKalneya)ay

cMrUgcMrasmYysMedArkSaTukéRBeQIdl; 60° énépÞdIkñúgRbeTs .

sMnYrmYy)anecaTeLIgfa etIerOgenHR)akdniymEdrrWeT enAeBl

RbCaCnCaeRcInenACnbTRtUvkarciBa©wmCIvit ehIyéRBeQICaeRcInRtUv

xUcxatrYceTAehIyenaH . vamankaredaHdUrKñarvagdIéRBeQI nig

dIksikmµ . enAeRkameKalneya)ayrkSaTuképÞdIéRB 60° dICaeRcIn

Edl)an)at;bg;éRBeQIeTAehIy enAEtmansßanPaBminc,as;las;

ehIydITaMgenaHmin)aneRbIR)as;eGaymanplitPaBeT EdlnaMeGay

xatbg;dl;skþanuBlplitkmµ nig»kaskargar .

RsbCamYyKñaenH karTajykplcMeNjBIcMNakRsuk

BlkrqøgEdn )anCYb]bsKÁF¶n;F¶r . cMNayedIm,IeTAeFIVkareday

Rsbc,ab;enAéf vax<s;hYseBk dl;eTA 600-700duløarkñúgmnusSmñak;

ehIyRtUvrg;caMBI 3-6Ex rIÉkareFIVcMNakRsukminRsbc,ab;Gs;cMNay

Et 100duløar nigRtUvrg;caMEt 3éf¶ . BlkrRbmaN 6000nak;

)aneRCIsykmeFüa)ayRsbc,ab; rIÉBlkrCag 180>000nak;eTot

)aneRbImeFüa)ayminRsbc,ab; . b:uEnþkareFIVcMNakRsukminRsbc,ab;

manhaniP½y nigTTYl)anebovtSr_Tab . enAqñaM2005 R)ak;epJImkeGay

RKYsarmanRbEhl 200landuløar¼qñaM . R)ak;enHGaceLIgdl;

500landuløar¼qñaM RbsinebIkareFIVcMNakRsukeTAéfGacRKb;RKg)an

RbesIrCagmun ¬evotNamTTYl)an 4Ban;landuløar ÉéfTTYl)an

1/5Ban;landuløar¦ .

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RbeTsm:aeLsIu 3984nak;eTAkUer:xagt,Úg nig 6114nak;eTAéf. éf

)anBüakrN_fa éfnwgman»nPaBBlkmµ 6lannak; kñúgmYyry³eBlxøI

dUecñHtMrUvkarBlkrenAéf rMBwgfanwgekIneLIgEfmeTot . RbCaBlrdæ

km<úCak¾man»kaskan;EteRcInedIm,IeTAeFIVkarenAm:aeLsIu kUer:xagt,Úg

Cb:un nig sigðburI pgEdr. tMrUvkarenAeBlenHKW karkat;bnßybnÞúk

cMNayelIcMNakRsuk CaBiesseTAkan;RbeTséf . kñúgenHRtUvkat;

bnßyéfølixitqøgEdnmkRtwm 40duløar rWticCag nigry³eBleFIVlixit

qøgEdnmkRtwm 10éf¶ rWticCag . rdæaPi)aléf nigkm<úCa KYrkat;bnßy

cMNaysrub kñúgkarbBa¢ÚnBlkreTAeFIVkarenAéfBI 700duløar mkRtwm

300duløarvij . mü:ageTot RtUvmankarykcitþTukdak;CaBiesscMeBaH

narIIcMNakRsuk EdlgayTTYlrgeRKaHedayGMeBIhigSa nigkarCYjdUr .

kMENlMGkarGb;rM nigkMritCMnaj TamTarnUvtulüPaBrvagkar

pÁt;pÁg; nigtMrUvkar . enAqñaM2007 fvikaGb;rMmancMnYn 136landuløar.

RbCaCnEtgedaHRsaysnþisuxes,óg nigtMrUvkarmUldæan eGay)ansin

eTIbEsVgrkkarGb;rM . dUecñHRtUvmaneKalneya)ayrwgmaMedIm,IbegIán

R)ak;cMNUlGñkRk edayEklMGplitPaBksikmµ nigkarbNþúHbNþal

viC¢aCIv³ . kargarenHtMrUveGaybegáInfvikaCati sMrab;karbNþúH

bNþalviC¢aCIv³ nigksikmµ . enAqñaM2007 fvikaEbgEckeGayRksYg

ksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT manEt 15landuløar rIÉRksYgkargar

nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ 7landuløar b:ueNÑaH . R)ak;cMNUlGacekIn

eLIgkñúgry³eBlBI 1 eTA 2qñaM tamry³kMENlMGplitPaBksikmµ rW

karbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ .

karbegIátkargarRbkbedayplitPaB TamTarkarEklMG

briyakasvinieyaK ¬kñúgenHrdæaPi)al nigFnaKarBiPBelak kMBugeFVI

kargaredIm,IEklMGkarsMrbsMrYlBaNiC¢kmµ¦ karkat;bnßyéføfamBl

nigdwkCBa¢Ún nigkarKitKUreLIgvijBIeKalneya)aydIFøI nigéRBeQI .

karkMNt;RBMEdnc,as;las;éndIrdæ nigéRBeQI BitCacaM)ac;xøaMgNas; .

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minFMeBkeTrW? b½NÑkmµsiTi§ nigkarkan;kab;dI minGaceFIVelIdIfµI)aneT

sMrab;RbCaCnFmµta enAeBlEdlrdæ)aléRBeQIenAEtkan;kab;elI 60°

énépÞdIRbeTskm<úCa . sm,TandIesdækic©EdlmindMeNIrkar k¾KYrEtbþÚr

Casm,TandIsgÁmkic©vijEdr .

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KNenyü nigTIpSar . pÞúyeTAvij CMnajxagkarsagsg;pøÚv-s<an

karsagsg;GaKar Farasa®sþ karCYsCYlGKiÁsnI bMBg;Twk nigemkanik

EdlkMBugmantMrUvkary:agxøaMg KWmansikSatictYcNas;enAtamsakl

viTüal½y .

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FanaeGay)annUvkMeNInx<s;kñúgry³eBlmFüm nigEvg RtUvEteFVIkar

pøas;bþÚrBIkMeNInEp¥kelIFnFan eTACakMeNInEp¥kelICMnajvij ehIy

kñúgenH RtUvmankarEklMGKuNPaBkMlaMgBlkmµ . edIm,IsMerceKaledA

enH RtUvmantulüPaBrvag vinieyaKelIkarGb;rMry³eBlEvg nigvinieyaK

edIm,IbegIánR)ak;cMNUl¼CMnajry³eBlxIø . vinieyaKelIkarGb;rM

nwgGacpþl;plcMeNjkñúgry³eBlEvg luHRtaEttMrUvkarry³eBlxøI

GacedaHRsay)an . dUecñHkarBRgwgsnþisuxes,óg nigkarbegIán

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Gb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³nigbec©keTs mansar³sMxan;xøaMgNas; .

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ensaT nigRksYgkargar nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ .

Rkumh‘un H.R. Inc. km<úCa )anKUsbBa¢k;fa nieyaCkmankarlM)ak

11


kñúgkareRCIserIsFnFanmnusSmansmtßPaBl¥ . Gñkdak;Baküekµg²

CaeRcInnak;KµanCMnajeT ehIysBVéf¶mankgVHxatGñkRKb;RKgsBa¢ati

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lM)ak BIeRBaHsBaØab½RtminqøúHbBa©aMgBICMnajBitR)akd . RKb;²Kña

cg;eFVICaGñkRKb;RKg . Etbc©úb,nñxVHxatxøaMgNas;nUvCMnajKitKUrviPaK

écñRbDit . kareFIVGegátFMmYyBItMrUvkarrbs;nieyaCk nigCMnajrbs;

yuvCn rkeXIjfa yuvCn 76° BMumanCMnajRtwmRtUv ehIymanEt

nieyaCk 12° b:ueNÑaHEdleBjcitþnwgsmtßPaBnieyaCikxøÜn .

nisSitbBa©b;karsikSamñak;²cMNayeBlCamFüm 9Ex edIm,Irk

)ankargareFIV . b:uEnþsBVéf¶eKBi)akrk)anGñkeFVIkarEdlskmµRKb;RKg .

sMrab;kargarCamUldæan cMNucxVHxat KWGkb,kiriyakargarl¥ CMnaj

bec©keTs PasabreTs nigsmtßPaBeFIVkarsMerccitþ . eKlM)ak

xøaMgNas;nwgrk)anBlkrmanCMnajÉkeTs rWGñkmanCMnajviPaKx<s; .

enAkMritGaCIB eKBi)akrk)anGñkmanCMnajviPaK¼sMerccitþ nigman

bTBiesaFn_Bak;B½n§nwgkargar . karrMBwgTukGMBIebovtSr_ CabBaðaFMmYy

EdlnaMeGaybuKÁlikecjeTAeFVIkargarepSg .

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nigbec©keTs BRgwgkarGb;rMkMrit]tþmsikSa¼karbNþúHbNþalkarga Cabnþ

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edaycgP¢ab;nwgCMnaj¼smtßPaB . BYkyuvCnRtUvEsVgyl;BITIpSar

nigkarrMBwgTukrbs;TIpSar . nieyaCkRtUvcMNayeBleGayeRcIn

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EdlsmRsb nigpSarP¢ab;yuvCneTAnwgkargar .

saklviTüal½ybBaØasa®sþ )anbgðajPsþútagfa nisSit

PaKeRcIn mincUlcitþGanesovePAeT ehIycg;eGaysa®sþcarübegIát

emeronsegçbeGayBYkeK . karEksMrYlsþg;darminGacCYyGIVeRcIneT .

karGanKWCaktþaKnøwHnaMeTArkeCaKC½y karsresr)anl¥ nigcMeNHdwg

RbesIr.

bc©úb,nñmankgVHxatkare)aHBum<pSayCaPasaExµr TaMgerOg

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eGay)aneRcInEfmeTot . vtþmanRbB½n§pSBVpSayepSg² k¾)anbnÞúc

bg¥ak;karGanesovePAEdr .

nisSitCaeRcIncUleron 2-3 mhaviTüal½ykñúgeBlEtmYy

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ehIysaklviTüal½ycMlg kmµviFIsikSaKñaeTAvijeTAmk . dUecñHman

karcaM)ac;Bit²edIm,IeKarBtamsþg;darGnþrCati bMeBjtMrUvkarkñúgRbeTs

nigbnSúITIpSarnisSiteTAnwgTIpSarkargar . nisSitPaKeRcIncg;eFIVkar

EpñkRKb;RKg nigKNenyü . sBVéf¶KµankarsikSaGVIesaHBITIpSar

kargar . etIkm<úCaRtUvkarGVI?. CMnajsMxan;²CaeRcInxVHxatxøaMgNas;

dUcCa CMnajviPaK nigCMhrskmµRKb;RKg EdlminecHEtedIrtameRkay

kargarrhUtenaHeT . CMnajeFIVr)aykarN_ nigsresr k¾sMxan;xøaMgdUcKña

b:uEnþsisSminecHsresrBIeRBaHBYkeKmincUlcitþGan . mü:ageTotk¾Kµan

karsikSaBIkargarsgÁm nigvis½yepSgeTotEdlkMBugmantMrUvkarEdr .

karsikSaxagey:nD½r nigPaBCaGñkdwknaM k¾enAxVHxatEdr .

nabc©úb,nñ mansaklviTüal½y nigviTüasßanrdæ nigÉkCn cMnYn

60 kMBugdMeNIrkar . KuNPaBGb;rMkMrit]tþmsikSa CakarRBYy)armÖFM

CageK . KN³kmµaFikarpþl;karTTYlsÁal;rbs;km<úCa)antMrUveGayman

karTamTarkMritcUleronedIm,IeGaymanc,ab;TMlab; nigPaBsIucgVak;Kña

kñúgvis½yenH.

saklviTüal½yrdæ )anTTYlyksisSBUEk ehIysakl

viTüal½yÉkCnTTYlyksisSEdlenAsl;BIenaH . knøgmkmankar

xitxMmYycMnYnedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaKuNPaBnisSitsMucUleron dUcCa

tamry³karRblgRbECgcUleronCaedIm . müa:geTot esovePAemeron

suT§CaPasaGg;eKøs dUecñHsisSRtUvEteronPasabreTs .

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nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜnkñúgkarbnSúImuxCMnajénkMlaMgBlkmµkm<úCa

eTAnwg»kaskargar RBmTaMgbegIátbriyakasmYyEdlkñúgenaH édKU

TaMgGs;)anyl;dwg TTYlyk nigGnuvtþtYnaTIrbs;xøÜn . RksYgkargar

nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ CYysRmbsRmYlkarRbwgERbgTUTaMgRbeTs

edIm,IbnSúImuxCMnajeTAnwgtMrUvkar ehIyCMrujeGayédKUnana EsVgrk

dMeNaHRsayGaceFIV)an edIm,IGPivDÆn_CMnaj nigbegIátédKUfIµ² .

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bNþalCMnajEp¥kelIshKmn_ ¬RbB½n§bNþúHbNþalCMnajeRbIb½NÑ

cuHéfø¦ EdlkñúgenaHGñkPUmiCag 60>000nak; )anGPivDÆCMnajrbs;xøÜn

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bNþalviC¢aCIv³ eTAnwgbMErbMrYlTIpSarBlkmµenAkñúgesdækic©pøÚvkar .

PaBGt;kareFVIkñúgcMeNamsisS-nisSit EdlbBa©b;mFümsikSa

nig]tþmsikSa KWCabBaðaKYr)armÖmYyeTot . RbsinebIGñkbBa©b;karsikSa

TaMgenHmanCMnajTIpSar Rkumh‘unnwgGacCYlBYkeK . sisSbBa©b;

mFümsikSa man 53>500nak; enAqñaM2007¼08 ehIycMnYnenH

nwgekIndl; 190>050nak; enAqñaM2014¼15 .

bc©úb,nñkm<úCadl;eBlRtUvedaHRsaytMrUvkar GñkmansBaØab½Rt

EdlRsbtamsþg;darBaNiC¢kmµ . manRbB½n§l¥mYyKµanRbeyaCn_GVIeT

ebIsinKµanGñkNadwgfamanRbB½n§EbbenaH . RksYgkargar nigbNþúH

bNþalviC¢aCIv³ manbMNgcab;epþImeFVIyuT§nakareXasnakñúgsgÁmmYy

¬teTATMB½r 20¦

12


elakRsI eGg enRta )ansegçbBIbBaðaBiPakSasMxan;²kñúgvKÁTI4

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nigxagEpñkGaCIvkmµ . *

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BaNiC¢kmµ . elak Bretton G. Sciaroni mkBIkwøbGaCIvkmµGnþrCatién

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nigvis½yÉkCnCYbRbCMupøas;bþÚreyabl; nigEsVgrkdMeNaHRsaysMrab;

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kñúgGMLúgeBlevTika .

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3-shRKasFuntUcnigmFüm .

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vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs (FDI) nigCYyKaMRT Rkumh‘unbreTskñúgkarbegIát

GaCIvkmµ . rbbenHGnuBaØateGayRkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsukEdl

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breTsmankmµsiTi§dIFøIeT b:uEnþGacmansiTi§CYlrhUtdl; 99qñaM .

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TaMgenaH .

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TIpSarkñúgtMbn; nigkarkat;bnßyéføedImplitkmµ. kñúgenH etIRbeTs

km<úCaGacRbkYtRbECgEbbNa ehIyetIeyIgGaceFIVcMruHkmµy:ag

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RbeTs edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða . mü:ageTotmankarpþÜcepþImKMnitbegIát

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karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIBIRbeTsCitxag .

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Bretton G. Sciaroni édKUCan;x<s;énRkumh‘un Sciaroni nigRbFankøwb

GaCIvkmµGnþrCati

tamry³kMeNInesdækic© nigsißrPaBneya)aynab:unµanqñaMcugeRkay

enH karvinieyaKTunenAkm<úCamanlkçN³ viC¢manCaeRcIn dUcCa lT§PaB

begIátRkumh‘unkan;kab;edaybreTs 100° karmindak;kMhitelIkar

epÞrTun nigkarsMralBn§sMrab;Rkumh‘unvinieyaK .

cMNucTak;TajcMbgmYyrbs;RbeTskm<úCa KWPaBCaédKUEdlbegIát

eLIgCitmYYyTsvtSr_mkehIy rvagmCÄdæanGaCIvkr nigrdæaPi)al tamry³

RbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 nigeTA GnaKt³ PaBCaédKUrvagvis½y ÉkCn nigvis½ysaFarN³

* elakRsI eGg enRta CaRbFanRsavRCavEpñkGPi)alkic©tam

EbbRbCaFibetyü nigkMENTMrg;saFarN³ .

13


evTikardæaPi)al nigvis½yÉkCn . eKyl;fa evTikaenHCameFüa)aymYy

GacCH\Ti§Bldl;c,ab; eKalneya)ay nigsMueGayrdæaPi)alcat;viFankar .

cMeBaHGñkvinieyaKTunCaskþanuBlvij evTikaenHCasßab½nmYy

d¾sMxan; eRBaHbgðajc,as;ETgBICMhrviC¢manrbs;rdæaPi)alcMeBaH

karvinieyaKTun . eyagtamTsSnavdþIrbs; International Finance

Corporation (IFC: saCIvkmµhirBaØvtßúGnþrCati¦ EdlecjpSayBIqñaMmun

eCaKC½yénevTikaenHbgðajBIRbsiT§PaB nigsar³sMxan;rbs;va sMrab;

dMeNIrkarkMENTMrg; . kñúgcMeNamlkçxNÐCaeRcInEdlkMNt;BI\Ti§Bl

esdækic©rbs;evTika tYelxRbcaMqñaMénviPaKTansµ½RKcitþ (pro bono) rbs;

vis½yÉkCnbg;cUlkñúgevTikaKW 350/000duløar eFobnwgmUlniFi)an

BIGñkpþl;CMnYyRtwm 160>000duløar .

knøgmkmanlT§pll¥RbesIrk¾BitEmn b:uEnþevTika)anQanmk

dl;pøÚvbMEbkehIy . eBlenHRtUvman EpnTInaMpøÚvmYyEdlbgðajBI

viFankarGnþrkalRtUvGnuvtþ edIm,I[shKmn_GaCIvkmµGacTTYlr:ab;rg

tYnaTIsRmbsRmYlEdl IFC kMBugGnuvtþsBVéf¶enH ehIyelak Sciaroni

)anpþl;mtiBImeFüa)aymYyedIm,IsMerceKaledAenH . meFüa)ayenaH

KWRtUvBRgwgGñkEdlBak;B½n§xøaMgCageKkñúgevTika dUcCa Rkumkargarvis½y

ÉkCn (PSWGs) nigsPaBaNiC¢kmµkm<úCa eGaymkTTYlr:ab;rgtYnaTI

sRmbsRmYlenAeBlNamYynaGnaKt .

eyagtamdMeNIrdUcxagelI etIevTikanwgmanGnaKty:agNa?

eRkABIebskkmµsBVéf¶rbs;xøÜn CaynþkarsMrab;karpøas;bþÚrB½t’man

CamYyrdæaPi)al nigkaredaHRsaybBaða evTikaKYrmanebskkmµfIµ²eTot

EdlRtUvGnuvtþeday Rkumkargarvis½yÉkCn . ebskkmµTaMgenH

mandUcCa³

karbegIátcMNucsñÚlmYyenAtamextþnImYy²³ • KYrmanmnusSmñak;

rW kariyal½ymYy sMrab;TTYlB½t’manBIbBaðananaEdlshRKas

GaCIvkmµCYbRbTH ehIybBa¢ÚnbBaðaTaMgenaHbnþeTAevTika enAÉTIRkug

PñMeBj edIm,IedaHRsay . edaysarevTikaR)arB§eFVIeLIgBIrdgkñúg

mYyqñaM ehIymanpSBVpSaytamTUrTsSn_TUTaMgRbeTs dUecñH

RbCaBlrdæRKb;KñaenAkm<úCa KYrEt)andwgc,as;BIevTikaenH .

evTikatMbn;³ • evTikaGacR)arB§eFIVenAtammCÄmNÐléntMbn;nana

edIm,IBRgIkvisalPaBRKbdNþb; nigeFIVeGayshRKasGaCIvkmµ

tamextþ )andwgc,as;BIevTikaenH .

KMnitpþÜcepþImrbs;vis½yÉkCn³ • PSWGs KYrskmµRKb;RKgEfmeTot

kñúgkarelIksMeNIEklMGbriyakasGaCIvkmµ . eTAGnaKt enAeBl

manbuKÁlik nigFnFanRKb;RKan; shKmn_GaCIvkmµKYrpþÜcepþImKMnit

elIkesñICaeKalneya)ayfµI² rW sMeNIepSgeTot edIm,IEklMG

sßanPaBesdækic© .

tYnaTIRbwkSarbs;vis½yÉkCn³ • PSWGs KYrEtskmµEfmeTotkñúgkarpþl;

B½t’mansMrab;karksag eKalneya)aysaFarN³sMxan;² dUcCa

kardak;esñIsMrab; eRKagkarkñúgvis½yhirBaØvtßúqñaM2006-2015CaedIm .

bBaðaRbQmxagGPi)alkic© nigkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn

elakRsI eGg enRta RbFanRsavRCavEpñkGPi)alkic©tamEbb

RbCaFibetyü nigkMENTMrg;saFarN³ énviTüasßan CDRI

RbeTskm<úCasMerc)ankMeNInesdækic©y:agx<s; kñúgGMLúgeBl

15qñaMcugeRkayenH . sniþPaB nigsißrPaBCabnþ )anpþl;»kaseGay

skmµPaBesdækic©rIklUtlas;y:agxøaMgkñúgRKb;vis½y . eCaKC½yenHGac

TTYl)anfVIebIman sßanPaBlM)akmYyTak;TgnwgsiTi§mnusS karRKb;RKg

c,ab; nigKuNPaBGPi)alkic©CarYmkþI . GPi)alkic©km<úCagayRsYl

eFVIkarTiHeton b:uEnþvasµúKsµajNas; nigBi)akeFIVkMENTMrg; . xageRkam

enH KWCabBaðaRbQmsMxan;²mYycMnYn .

karsikSaBIPaBRkIRkrbs;viTüasßan CDRI bgðajfa eKalneya)ay

enAEtBi)akCH\T§iBleGaydl;GñkRkEdlCaerOy² minTaMg)anTTYl

esvasaFarN³sMxan;²pgeT . GñkRkk¾TTYl)ankarcat;EcgminesIµPaB

ehIyrg\Ti§Bly:agxøaMg BIGMeBIBukrlYyrbs;m®nþIkñúgCYrrdæaPi)al .

karsikSa)anbgðajeTotfa Gñkmanzan³x<s; nigbNþajExS-xñg )aneRbI

\Ti§Bl nigGMNaceRscEtcitþ eday)ankat;bnßylT§PaBrbs;GñkRk

edIm,IeRbIR)as;FnFanFmµCati nigeFVIkarsMerccitþ . karsikSaepSgeTot

rbs;viTüasßan CDRI sþIBIKNenyüPaBrbs;GaCJaFrfñak;eRkamCati

bgðajfa RbB½n§GPi)alkic©km<úCamaneCaKC½ytictYckñúgkarRKb;RKg

fvikardæeGaymanRbsiT§PaB nigCab;Tak;Tgl¥ nwgKMeragEpnkar ehIy

k¾hak;dUcCabraC½yEdrkñúgkareRCIserIs nigpþl;rgVan;dl;m®nþIraCkar

EdlmanKuNsm,tiþ .

r)aykarN_sþIBI {kareFIVGaCIvkmµqñaM2008} rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak

)aneFVIcMNat;fñak;eGayRbeTskm<úCaCab;elx 145 kñúgcMeNam

178RbeTs cMeBaHPaBgayRsYlkñúgkareFIVGaCIvkmµ . r)aykarN_

bgðajfa ebIeFobnwgqñaMmun RbeTskm<úCa)anRbesIreLIgbnþicTak;Tinnwg

karcab;ebIkGaCIvkmµ karecjGaCJab½NÑ nigkarCYleRbIBlkr b:uEnþ

TTYlcMNat;fñak;Gn;sMrab; PaBR)akdRbCaéneKalneya)ay GMeBI

BukrlYy siTi§GclnRTBü tulakar nigbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ . b:uEnþkar

BiPakSaeBjGgÁkñúgsnñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 )anemIl

eXIjfa tYnaTI nig\T§iBlénsnÞsSn_eRbobeFobKñaCasklrbs;ktþa

nana EdlCYyrYmcMENkbegáItbriyakasGaCIvkmµGMeNaypl RBmTaMg

GegátCab;Tak;TinnanasþIBIGPi)alkic© nigGMeBIBukrlYy KWTaMgxag

GñktMNagrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigvis½yÉkCn min)aneGaytMélGVIeRcIneT .

BYkeK)ansYrfa etIGegátEbbenHGacqøúHbBa©aMg)anBitCak;Esþgb:uNÑaBI

»kasl¥epSg²sMrab;karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn nigshRKinPaB ehIyk¾

)anecaTsMnYrCaeRcInBIviFIsaRsþ nigPaBeBjsiT§irbs;va .

karCMnH]bsKÁkñúgkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn edIm,IsMerceKaledA

kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk enAEtCabBaðaRbQm . b:uEnþKMnitpþÜcepIþmeFVIkMENTMrg;na

eBlfIµ²mYycMnYn ¬vimCÄkar nigkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³¦ manlkçN³

viC¢man ehIyKYrGnuvtþbnþeTot . viFankarCak;lak;mYycMnYn mandUcCa³

14


rdæaPi)albnþykcitþTukdak;elIkarFanasißrPaB³ • cMNucenH)ann½y

fa ral;kMENTMrg; nigkarpøas;bþÚrEdlcg;)an GaceFIVeLIgCabeNþIr²

rIk¾eFVIPøam²tamkarcaM)ac; .

karBRgwgkMENTMrg;vimCÄkar • tamry³kare)aHeqñatCaRbeyal

begIátRkumRbwkSaextþ-Rsuk EdlmanGMNacnigFnFanRKb;RKan; nig

manmuxgareRcIndUcCa karRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati karKaMRTksikmµ

karpþl;esvakmµ kareFVIEpnkarnigRKb;RKgkareRbIR)as;dI nigkar

KaMRTdl;karGPivDÆesdækic© .

karBRgIkeCaKC½yelIkMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßú • edayRksYgesdækic©nig

hirBaØvtßú kñúgTisedAeFIVsniTankmµfvika nigeFIVeGaydMeNIrkar

hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³kan;EtmantmøaPaB nigRbsiT§PaB . TidæPaB

sMxan;² manCaGaT× kardak;bBa©ÚlcMNUlenARKb;kMriténrdæaPi)al

eTAkñúgfvikaCati nig karBRgwgkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³

edIm,IeGayrdæaPi)alGaceqøIytbnwgtMrUvkaresvasaFarN³rbs;

RbCaBlrdæ .

karBRgwgevTikardæaPi)al-vis½yÉkCn nigRkumkargarvis½yÉkCn •

TaMg8 EdlknøgmkmanRbsiT§PaBl¥CYybegáInkarRbRs½yTak;Tg

edaypÞal; nigRtg;eTARtg;mk rvagfñak;dwknaMrdæaPi)al nigGaCIvkr

enAkm<úCa . enHCamUldæand¾Cak;lak; nigmansarRbeyaCn_ EdlGac

begIát[manKNenyüPaBkan;EtxøaMg nigcemøIytbBIsMNak;

rdæaPi)al cMeBaHbBaðaRbQmnanarbs;vis½yÉkCn .

karQaneLIgrbs;GñkdwknaMshRKasGaCIvkmµ nigGñkmanzan³ •

x<s;fIµ²³ Gs;ry³eBlCayUrmkehIy tamry³TMnak;TMngkan;Et

CitsiñT§iBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaMrbs;GñkTaMgenHCamYyrdæaPi)al BYkeK

RbEhlCaGacTamTarkMENTMrg;RbePTxøHeTot)an .

GaCIvkmµEr:RbkbedayKuNPaB nigkarGPivDÆFnFanEr:

elak Tim Duffy RbFanRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúRbcaMtMbn;GasIu

énRkumh‘un Oxiana

karerobrab;RtYs²BIRkumh‘un Oxiana: Oxiana CaRkumh‘unkMBugrIk

lUtlas; nigmaneCaKC½y edaymanGNþÚgEr:kMBugdMeNIrkar KMeragfµI²

kMBugGPivDÆ nigKMeragrukrkEr:CaeRcIneTot . Rkumh‘unenHkan;kab; nigeFVI

Rbtibtiþkar GNþÚgEr:mas nigTg;Edg Sepon enARbeTsLav/ mUldæan

Golden Grove nigRbtibtiþkarelah³mantMélenAPaKxaglicRbeTs

GURsþalI RBmTaMg kMBugcUlrYmkñúgkarrukrk nigGPivDÆn_KMeragenARbeTs

km<úCa cin \NÐÚensIu nigéf .

ckçúvis½y³ ckçúvis½yrbs;Rkumh‘un Oxiana KWbegIátRkumh‘unykEr:

d¾FMmYy . Rkumh‘unmaneKaledAGnuvtþckçúvis½yenH tamry³kar

BRgIkmUldæanrbs;Rkumh‘un nigGaCIvkmµelah³mantMél k¾dUcCatam

ry³kareFVIcMruHkmµ CabeNþIr² . Rkumh‘unepþatkargarelITIVbGasIu

)a:sIuhVik GURsþalI RBmTaMgtMbn;xøHeTot . RTBüskmµrbs;Rkumh‘unpþl;

GRtacMeNjx<s; manGayukalEvg mansßanPaBl¥eRcIn ehIyRkumh‘un

enAmanKMeragGPivDÆn_CaeRcIneTot EdlRtUvGnuvtþCabnþbnÞab; .

esdækic©skl nig»kassMrab;karGPivDÆFnFanEr:³ karepþatelI

TVIbGasuIBIsMNak;Rkumh‘un Oxiana mann½yfa Rkumh‘unmansßanPaB

l¥enAkñúg tMbn;EdlmankMeNInxøaMgCageKkñúgBiPBelakenH . b:uEnþ

kMeNInrbs;GasIu min)anRCabmkdl;vis½yEr:enaHeT BIeRBaHeTaHbIGasIu

)aneRbIR)as;Gs; 51° énTg;EdgkñúgBiPBelakkþI b:uEnþvaplit)anEt

15° b:ueNÑaH . bNþaRbeTstameqñrmhasmuRT):asuIhVik (Pacific

Rim) k¾manFnFanEr:eRcInsn§wksn§ab;Edr . dUecñHkarEdl Oxiana man

RbtibtiþkarGaCIvkmµEr:enAGasIu mann½yfa Rkumh‘unGacbBa¢Únplitpl

xøÜny:agelOn nigGs;éfødwkCBa¢Úntic eTAkan;TIpSard¾mansnÞúHTaMgenH .

plRbeyaCn_GaCIvkmµEr:sMrab;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_³ c,ab;GaCIv

kmµEr: EdlføwgEføg)anl¥ GacnaMeGaymansßirPaBkMeNIn pss kñúg

ry³eBlEvg dUcGacBinitüeXIjCak;EsþgenARbeTshÁaNa . cab;taMg

BIhÁaNa )andak;GnuvtþRkmGaCIvkmµEr:enATsvtSr_1980 mk lMnaM

kMeNInmineTogTat; nigry³eBlFøak;cuHEdlEtgekItmankñúgeBl

knøgmk RtUv)anlubbM)at;ecalTaMgGs; .

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begIátRbtibtiþkarykEr:tamsþg;darx<s;bMput kñúgBiPBelak )anTan;eBl

tamEpnkar nigkñúgrgVg;fvikakMNt; enAtMbn;mYydac;RsyalbMputkñúg

RbeTsenH . RbtibtiþkarenA Sepon KWCaKMeragykEr:d¾FMbMputmYyenA

GasIuGeKñy_tMbn;dIeKak nabc©úb,nñ . viFIsaRsþrbs;Rkumh‘unkñúgkar

GPivDÆKMeragenH KWeFVIy:agNaeGaymanplRbeyaCn_hUreTAdl;éd

GñkBak;B½n§RKb;²Kña .

RbeTskm<úCa³ sBVéf¶ Rkumh‘un Oxiana kMBugrukrkmaskñúgfµRkanIt

enAPaKxagekItRbeTskm<úCa RBmTaMg Tg;Edg nigelah³epSgeTot .

TIcat;karRkumh‘un Oxiana sißtenATIRkugPñMeBj ehIynabc©úb,nñman

buKÁlikCag 60nak; ¬rYmTaMgGñkCab;kic©snüa¦ . kñúgGMLúgeBlrukrk

plb:HBal;dl;brisßanmankMritTab b:uEnþsþg;darGnþrCatiRtUvEteKarB

tam ehIyRbtibtiþkarRtUvtamdany:agditdl; .

snñidæan³ Rkumh‘un Oxiana )aneRtomxøÜnrYcral;sMrab;GMLúg

eBld¾EvgénkarrIkduHdalesdækic©sklelak EdlCMrujedayGasIu .

Rkumh‘unsgÇwmfanwgman»kaseFVIkarGPivDÆFnFan kñúgeKalKMnitpþl;

plcMeNjesdækic©mancIrPaBl¥dl;RbCaCatinana .

segçbxøwmsarsMxan;²énvKÁenH

cMNucsMxan;²énvKÁenHmandUcteTA³

Rkbx½NÐsMrab;karsnÞnarvagrdæaPi)alnigvis½yÉkCn PaBCaédKU •

nigkareFVIEpnkarrYmKña KWmaneRscehIy dUcCa evTikardæaPi)al-

vis½yÉkCn EdlTTYl)ankarKaMRTxøaMgNas;BIsMNak;GaCIvkr .

¬teTATMB½r 20¦

15


elakLarI e®sþn© segçbBIbBaðasMxan;² )anBinitüeXIjkñúgvKÁ GahareBll¶acBiessénsnñisITckçúvis½y nigcg¥úlbgðajBIsMnYr eKalneya)aysMxan;²mYycMnYn EdltMrUv[mankarykcitþTukdak; elICMhanbnÞab;énkarGPivDÆrbs;km<úCa . *

esckþIepþIm³ dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi nigGclnRTBüenAkm<úCakñúgb:unµanExmuneBldMeNIrkarsnñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 bBaðadIFøI KWCaRbFanbTBiPakSaekþAKKukrvagGñkneya)ay m®nþIraCkar édKUGPivDÆ GgÁkarsgÁmsuIvil nigRbB½n§pSBVpSaynana . kmµsiTi§ kareRbIR)as; tMélesdækic©éndIFøI tYnaTIdIFøIkñúgkarGPivDÆsgÁm¼esdækic© kñúgkarrkciBa©wmCIvitenACnbT¼TIRkug karGPivDÆGaCIvkmµkñúgvis½y ÉkCn karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigCaBiesstYnaTICaRbPBTMnas;¼kar RbkYtRbECgdeNþImFnFan suT§EtCabBaðad¾elceFøaenAkñúgkic©BiPakSa CasaFarN³ . enAkñúgsunÞrkfaebIksnñisIT semþcnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )ansgát;F¶n;BIsar³sMxan;énkmµviFIcuHbBa¢IdIFøITaMgenATIRbCMuCn nigCnbTrbs;rdæaPi)al nigtYnaTId¾sMxan;énkareFVIEpnTIdIrdæ nigkar kMNt;RBMEdntMbn;éRBeQI kñúgkarRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþirdæ nigkat;bnßy TMnas; . semþcnaykrdæm®nþI k¾)anbBa¢ak;BIkarebþCJacitþrbs;rdæaPi)al edIm,IeFVIkMENTMrg;tMbn;CnbT CaBiess karbegáInRbB½n§Farasa®sþ nig karEbgEckdI EdlnwgCYybegáInplksikmµ nigkareFVIcMruHkmµplitkmµ kñúgry³eBlmFüm . snñisITckçúvis½y manrYmbBa©ÚlvKÁBiessmYysþIBIbBaðadIFøI eRkam RbFanbT {karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCati enAkm<úCa - dIFøI GclnRTBü kareRbIR)as;dIRbkbedayplitPaB nig karGPivDÆ} edaymanvaKµinmkBIxagrdæaPi)al vis½yFnaKar vis½y GPivDÆn_GclnRTBü nigviTüasßan CDRI . vis½yGclnRTBüenAkm<úCa )anrIkcMerInelOnNas;naeBlfµI² ehIysnÞúHkMeNInd¾xøaMgenHGacnaM mkCamYyTaMgKuNRbeyaCn_ nighaniP½y . dITaMgsMrab;karksag lMenAdæan nigtMrUvkarxagBaNiC¢kmµ )aneLIgéføy:agKMhuk CaBiess enAtamTIRbCMuCn . bNÐit ebg hugsuCatiexmr:U EdlCam®nþICan;x<s; mñak;enARksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; )anBnül; GgÁsnñisITfa rdæaPi)al)anGnuvtþkmµviFIcuHbBa¢IdIFøId¾FMmYy nigksag ÉksarxageKalneya)aydIFøI EdlmanTaMgkargareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆRkug pgEdr ehIykñúgenaHmankarTTYlsÁal;fa karGPivDÆCnbTEtmü:ag minGackat;bnßyPaBRkIRk)aneT . tMbn;TIRbCMuCnk¾mantYnaTIsMxan; Nas;Edrkñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk edaykñúgenaHTIRbCMuCnxñattUc

nigmFüm edIrtYnaTICaTIRkugEdlGacpþl;nUvTIpSarsMrab;plitplnig Blkmµdl;shKmn_nanaenACuMvijenaH . elak Rory Hunter CatMNagRkumh‘unGPivDÆGclnRTBü Brocon

Group )anEvkEjkfa karGPivDÆdIFøI nigGclnRTBüy:agelOn EbbenH eFVIeGayRbeTskm<úCaCYbbBaðaRbQmxagkareFVIEpnkar nig karRKb;RKg edIm,IFanaKuNPaBénkarGPivDÆGclnRTBü eGayvaGac CYybegáItRTBüFn nigbMerItMrUvkarrbs;shKmn_TaMgLay . GñkcUlrYm kñúgkarGPivDÆGclnRTBüenAkm<úCa eKmanplRbeyaCn_mindUcKñaeT kñúgkarFanaKuNPaBenH . plRbeyaCn_ GñkmanPaKh‘unkñúgRkumh‘un KWGtibrmanIykmµR)ak;cMeNjkñúgry³eBlEvg karbegáIttMél kar ksagTMnukcitþCamYyvinieyaKin¼GñkTij karksagTMnak;TMngrwgmaMCamYy GaCJaFr¼shKmn_mUldæan nigkarksageQµaHRkumh‘uneGayl,I Edl CaTsSn³mYyfµIsMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCaPaKeRcIn . plRbeyaCn_rbs; GñkTijepþatelIlT§PaBTTYl)anpÞHEdlksagmaMCab;l¥sMrab;sñak;enA rWeFVIvinieyaK karbegáItR)ak;cMNUlrYmTaMgkMeNIntMélRTBüvinieyaK TMnukcitþfaRkumh‘unminkS½yFn nigsµartIPøWsVagemIleXIjkarsnüa e)akR)as;¼karbMéPøkarBit . plRbeyaCn_rbs;shKmn_ KW plRbeyaCn_CaTUeTAsMrab;brisßanenAmUldæan esvakmµrbs;shKmn_ karbegáItkargar PaBc,as;las;¼kareKarBc,ab;kñúgkarlk;dUrGclnRTBü nigkarebþCJacitþeFVI[GclnRTBümanKuNPaBl¥rhUtdl; 30qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlenHeTA . plRbeyaCn_rbs;rdæaPi)al KWvtþman eKalkarN_ENnaMc,as;las;sMrab;GñkGPivDÆGclnRTBü CaBiesssMrab;Rkumh‘unbreTsEdlmkbNþak;TunenAkm<úCa kic©karBarGñkTij Tb;Tl;nwgeRKaHfñak;kS½yFnrbs;Rkumh‘un karykBn§elIkarkan;kab;dI l¥²edayKµaneFVIkarGPivDÆ nig)ancMeNjGVIdl;esdækic©¼shKmn_eRkAEtBIkarTuklk;ekgykcMeNj nigkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆsmehtupl¼karkMNt;tMbn;eRbIR)as;dI edIm,ICMrujkarvinieyaKTunelIkarGPivDÆ GclRTBümanKuNPaBl¥ . bBaðaeKalneya)aysMxan;²kñ úgkaredaHRsayplRbeyaCn_ eRcInEbby:agenHrYmman tMrUvkarbTb,BaØtþic,ab;l¥RbesIrEfmeTot c,ab;sMNg;edIm,Ikat;bnßyCMelaH nigmeFüa)aybegáIncMNaykan;kab;dI edayKµaneFVIkarGPivDÆ dUcCa tamry³Bn§elIdImineRbIR)as;CaedIm . Tak;TinnwgEpñkFnaKar¼\NTan elak Chales Vann tMNagFnaKar kaNaDIy:a )anbBa¢ak;fa GñkTijRtUvkarkic©karBard¾l¥CagenHeTot enAkñúgbriyakasmanhaniP½yx<s; EdlRkumh‘unGPivDÆsagsg;TaMgenaH GacTareGaybg;Camundl;eTA 60-80° énéføpÞHsrub .

kareRbIR)as;dIFøIRbkbedayplitPaB nigkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCaviTüasßan CDRI epþatkargarelI {kareRbIR)as;dImanplitPaB nig karGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa} kñúglkçN³xøÜnCasßab½nRsavRCavxageKal neya)ayGPivDÆn_ EdlCab;Tak;TgnwgkarbegáItRTBüFn¼karkat; bnßyPaBRkIRk . karRsavRCavfµI²rbs; CDRI nigsßab½nepSg² eTot)anbgðajc,as;fa kareRbIR)as;dIeGaymanplitPaB nigkar RKb;RKgdIFøICaTUeTA rYmTaMgsuvtßiPaBkan;kab;dITaMgenATIRkug nig

dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi GclnRTBü

kareRbIR)as;dIRbkbedayplitPaB

nigkarGPivDÆ

* elakLarI e®sþn© CanaykRbtibtþiénviTüasßßan CDRI

16


CnbT KWCamUldæanRKwHénkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa¼karkat;bnßyPaB RkIRk . vak¾CH\Ti§Bldl;karrs;enA karx©I\NTan vinieyaK¼kareFVIcMruH kmµxagksikmµ TIpSardIFøI karGPivDÆlMenAdæan¼TIRkug nigvinieyaKelI shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm (SME) . karsikSafµI²rbs; CDRI bgðajfa RbCaCnRkIRkkan;EtBwgEp¥kxøaMgeLIgelIdIFøI nigFnFanFmµCatixag Clpl edIm,IRTRTg;CIvPaBd¾ twgEtgrbs;xøÜn . xN³EdlRKYsar enACnbTCaGñkFUrFar rWkMBugQaneLIg mankan;kab;dIFM²Cag TTYl)anTinñplnigR)ak;cMeNjeRcInCag RKYsarRkIRkCaeRcInkan;Et Bi)aknwgrkcMNUlBIkareFIVERs ehIyk¾RtUvlk;dIFøI nigBwgEp¥kelIkar lk;kMlaMgBlkmµvij . vinieyaKkan;EteRcIn nigepþatkan;EtxøaMgelI karbegáInplitPaB¼kareFVIcMruHkmµpldMNaMkñúgksidæantUc² Edl mandItic dUcmanKUsbBa¢ak;kñúgeKalneya)aybc©úb,nñrbs;rdæaPi)al nigkaryl;dwgkan;Etc,as;BI\Ti§BléncMNgTak;TgTIRkug-CnbT eTA elIeKalneya)ay¼karRKb;RKgdIFøI vanwgpþl;pll¥sMrab;karGPivDÆ esdækic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . ktþaFmµCatidUcCaeRKaHraMgs¶Üt nigTwkCMnn; RBmTaMgdIKµan CIrCati nigkgVHsmtßPaBRKb;RKgTwk )ankat;bnßyplitPaBksikmµ enAkñúgtMbn;xøH ehIylT§PaBCaRbéBNIkñúgkarRbmUlpléRBeQI nig karensaT k¾kMBugTTYlsMBaFkan;EtxøaMgBIkMeNInRbCaCn nigTMnas; CamYytYGgÁmanGMNac nigmanzan³x<s;EdlmkBIeRkAtMbn;CnbT . CalT§pl enAtMbn;xøH GñkKµandIFøIkMBugekIneLIg eTaHedayectnarW bgçMcitþkþI ehIyvismPaBkan;kab;dIFøI k¾rIkFM kñúgenHmanGñkRkkan;EteRcIn RtUvlk;BlkmµkñúgmUldæan rWeFVIcMNakRsukeTAtMbn;epSg²enAkm<úCa rWqøgEdneTAéf rWm:aeLsuI edIm,IrkkargareFVI . karRsavRCavrbs;eyIg)anbBa¢ak;KaMRTTsSn³fa eCaKC½yd¾FMén kmµviFIcuHbBa¢IdIFøIenAkm<úCa )anrYmcMENkeRcInNas;dl;karBRgwgsßab½n nanaEdlCYyCMrujkarGPivDÆesdækic©-sgÁmkic© [kan;EtmansnÞúH . vak¾bgðajEdrfa karcuHbBa¢IdIFøIEtmYymuxminRKb;RKan;eT edIm,ICMruj kMeNInesdækic©eGaykan;EtmansmFm’ nigCYykat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . sMrab;tMbn;CnbT b½NÑkmµsiT§iRKan;EtCaFatupSMsMxan;mYyb:ueNÑaHén GnþraKmn_d¾caM)ac;nanaxagGPivDÆn_ dUcCa lT§PaBTTYl)an\NTanman tMélsmrmü cMeNHdwg nigB½t’mantamry³esvapSBVpSaybec©keTs nigehdæarcnasm<½n§kan;Etl¥ dUcCa pøÚvfñl; RbB½n§Farasa®sþCaedIm . BitehIy eKalneya)ayCatiRKb;RKgdIFøInigFnFanFmµCati RtUv)antak;EtgeLIg edIm,ICMrujkarRKb;RKgRTBüTaMgenHeGayman cIrPaB bu:EnþkarGnuvtþ nigkarBRgwgkarGnuvtþminesµIédKñaenAtammUldæan kMBugCMrujeTArkkarhinehacy:agqab;rh½sénFnFanFmµCati kMeNInPaB KµandIFøI nigkñúgkrNIxøHkMBugeFIVeGayshKmn_ElgsUveKarBdl;bNþa sßab½nmansmtßkic© . mü:ageTot eKRtUvBicarNaCabnÞan;BIviFITb;sáat;¼ kat;bnßyTMnas;sþIBIFnFanFmµCati CaBiessenAeBlmankarrMelaP ykdI¼FnFanFmµCatiBIsMNak;Gñkmanzan³x<s; edIm,ICYyeGayGñkRkIRk TTYl)andMeNaHRsayyutþiFm’ minRbkan;bkSBYk TaMgsMrab;TMnas;kñúg PUmi nigTMnas;manCab;Bak;B½n§nwgGñkmanRTBüsm,tþi¼GñkmanGMNac . karRsavRCavrbs;eyIg )anbgðajc,as;BItMrUvkarEbgEckFnFan eRcInEfmeTot tMrg;TisFnFanGPivDÆksikmµ¼CnbTeGaykan;EtRbesIr

nigBRgwgEfmeTotedayKµanRbkan;bkSBYknUv karGnuvtþc,ab;RKb;RKg kareRbIR)as;¼RtYtRtaelIRTBüCaFnFanFmµCati . viFankarenHnwg CH\T§iBly:agxøaMgeTAelIplitPaBksikmµ karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nig suxmalPaBRbCaCn RbsinebImanviFankarbMeBjbEnßmenAkñúgmUldæan dUcCa suvtßiPaBkan;kab;dI RbB½n§Farasa®sþ esvapSBVpSaybec©keTs ksikmµ nig\NTanefaksmrmüGacTTYlyk)an . bTBiesaFn_kñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ EdlBwgEp¥kelIksikmµ Rbhak;RbEhlKña )anbgðajc,as;fa RbsinebIKµankareRbIR)as;dI RbkbedaysmFm’ plitPaB niglkçN³cMruHeT vanwgmankarGPivDÆ ksikmµTn;exSay kareFVIcMruHkmµksikmµkMritTab nigplcMeNjtictYcsMrab;ksikrtUc²PaKeRcIn . enARbeTsxøH ktþaenHnaMeGaymanrbb {skþiPUmiEbbfµI} EdlkñúgenaHkmµsiT§i nigkareRbIR)as;dI vaRbmUlpþúMenA kñúgédGñkmanzan³x<s;mYycMnYntUcEdlrs;enATIRkug ehIykarrMelaP ykdI¼FnFanFmµCati BIsMNak;BYkGñkmanzan³x<s;KWCaerOgFmµta . kñúgesNarIyUu:EbbenH karGPivDÆKWGacsMerc)anmYykMrit b:uEnþvanwgElg ekInEfmeTot ehIypþl;CMerIstictYcNas;sMrab;karGPivDÆmancIrPaB¼ karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . enAeBlmanerOgdUcxagelI eKBi)ak EktMrUvvijNas; ehIyRbeTskm<úCaGaceronsURtBIbTBiesaFn_enH edIm,IecosvagbBaða . karpþl;sm,TandIesdækic© KWCabBaðasµúKsµaj nigcMrUgcMras;enA km<úCa EdlnaMeGaymanpussMnYrCaeRcInBItmøaPaB¼lkçN³minRbkan; bkSBYkkñúgkarpþl;sm,Tan nigBImuxsBaØabMerIesdækic©BitEmn rWy:agNa . sm,TandIesdækic©sMrab;daMdMNaMlk;ykR)ak; nigeFIVcMkarFM² Gacpþl; plcMeNj)aneRcIn nigPøam²dl;esdækic©k¾BitEmn b:uEnþvaGacCYy)an tictYcNas;dl;plitPaBksikmµkñúgry³eBlEvg kMritCIvPaBenACnbT nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . RbsinebIRKb;RKgmin)anl¥eT vaGackøay CakarRbmUlTijdIsMrab;Tuklk;ekjykcMeNj nigeKcevsBIkar bg;Bn§ . knøgmkmankareFVIrbgB½T§ykdIFM² Edl)anbnÞúcbg¥ak;dl; shKmn_nanaEdlRtUveFVIkarGPivDÆCnbT nigksikmµedayxøÜnÉg . mü:agvijeTot sm,TandIsgÁmkic© k¾GacCaynþkarmYyd¾sMxan;sMrab; pþl;dIeTAeGayGñkKµandIFøI ehIyk¾GackøayCaeKalkarN_ENnaMxag eKalneya)ay nigCaRbB½n§mYysMrab;EkERbdIéRBrbs;rdæeGayeTAbMerI tMrUvkarplitkmµksikmµvij . b:uEnþknøgmk dMeNIrkarpþl;sm,TandI sgÁmkic©vayWty:avxøaMgNas; ehIyRtUvEtBenøÓnEfmeTot . kñúgdMNak;kalxagmuxénkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa manbBaðaxag eKalneya)ayFM²mYycMnYnEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;³1> etIRbeTskm<úCaRtUveFVIdUcemþc edIm,IsMerc)antulüPaBl¥rvag

eKalneya)ay¼karRKb;RKgdIFøI EdlCYyCMrujkareRbIR)as;dIeGay manplitPaB¼karbegáItRTBüFn ehIynigkareFVIeGayR)akdfa enAtMbn;CnbT KWmandIFøIsMrab;eFVIkarGPivDÆCnbT¼kat;bnßyPaB RkIRkeGay)ansMerc ?

2> etIeKGacBRgIkRBMEdnksikmµy:agNa)an tamry³karykdIrdæmk bMerIplitkmµksikmµ? etIrdæKYrBüayamrkSaTukdIFøI b¤k¾yl;RBmepÞr vaeTAeGayvis½yÉkCnedIm,IGPivDÆksikmµ? ebIyl;RBmepÞr etIKYr

¬teTATMB½r 17¦

17


GtßbTenH bkRsayBIdMeNIrkaresdækic©énRbeTsmanesdækic©xøaMg²kñúg BiPBelak nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆmYycMnYnkñúgtMbn; RBmTaMgbgðajBI ninñakaréføTMnijksikmµxøH²kñúgTIpSarGnþrCati enARtImasTI4 2007 .

kMeNInesdækic©BiPBelakenARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 pss Bit rbs;shrdæGaemrik ekIn 2/5° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun edaysarmankarcUlrYmcMENkCaviC¢manGMBIcMNay eRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn karnaMecj xÞg;GnivasCn cMNayrbs;rdænigGaCJaFr mUldæan brikçar nigsUhVEvr . kMeNInBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM mankMritTab CagenARtImasmun nigRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 EdlbgðajBIkarfycuH vinieyaKelIsþúkTMnij karnaMecj nigkarcMNayrbs;rdæaPi)alshB½n§. kMeNIn pss Bit enAtMbn;GWr:U kñúgry³eBl1qñaMmankMrit 2/2° KWTab CagkMeNIn 2/7° enARtImasTI3 qñaM2007 nigkMeNIn 3/1° enA RtImasTI4 qñaM2006 . enARbeTsCb:un enARtImasTI4 pss ekIn)an 2/0° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun . pss Bit enAcin ekIn 11/2° eFobnwgGMLúgeBldUcKñaqñaMmun b:uEnþvamankMeNInyWtbnþiceFobnwgRtImasmun . kMeNInx<s;enH)anmk BIkMeNInd¾maMTaM nigmansßirPaBénplitkmµ]sSahkmµ nigkarnaMecj . kñúgry³mYyqñaM dl;RtImasTI4 pss Bit enAkUer:xagt,Úg ekIn 5/7° eFobnwgkMeNIn 5/2° sMrab;RtImasmun. kMeNInTTYl)anCasMxan;mkBI kMeNInvinieyaKelIRTBüskmµCab;lab; 1/6° nigkMeNInkarnaMecj 7/0° . kñúgry³mYyqñaM pss Bit enAétv:an; nig hugkug ekIn 6/4° nig 6/7° . kMeNInenAhugkugx<s;CagRtImasmun rIÉkMeNInenAétv:an; TabCagRtImasmun . kMeNIn pss enAm:aeLsIu sMrab;ry³eBl 12Ex enAEtxøaMgeday eLIgdl; 7/3° eFobnwgkMeNIn 6/7° enARtImasmun ehIyktþaCMruj sMxan;KW GRtakMeNInx<s;kñúgplitkmµ ¬5/6°¦ nigesvakmµ ¬9/1°¦. sMrab;qñaM2007 enAsigðburI kMeNIn pss Bit fycuHmkRtwm 6/0° eFobnwgkMeNIn 8/9° enARtImasmun nigkMeNIn 7/7° kñúgry³mYyqñaM dl;RtImasTI4 qñaM2006 . karfycuHkMeNInenH bNþalmkBIkarFøak;cuH

kMeNIny:agxøaMgkñúgplitkmµ sMNg; nigesvakmµhirBaØvtßú . pss Bit enAéf ekIn 5/7° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun KWx<s;CagkMeNIn 4/8° kñúgry³eBl mYyqñaMdl;RtImasmun . kMeNInd¾xøaMgenH )anmkBIkarekIneLIgKYr[ kt;sMKal;kñúgcMNayeRbIR)as;rdæaPi)al ¬16°¦ nigkMeNIny:ageRcInkñúg plitkmµ .

GtiprNakñúgBiPBelak nigGRtabþÚrR)ak;enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 éføTMnijeRbIR)as;enAshrdæGaemrik ekIn 3/9° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun nigekInxøaMgCagRtImasmunEdlmanGRta 2/4° edaysarGsßirPaBTIpSarTMnijkñúgsaklelak CaBiessmðÚbGahar nigfamBl . GRtaGtiprNaRbcaMqñaMenAtMbn;GWr:UmankMrit 2/9° KWx<s;Cag kalBImYyqñaMmun nigRtImasmunEdlmanGRta 1/9°. enACb:un GtiprNa RbcaMqñaMKµankarERbRbYlebIeFobnwgqñaMmun b:uEnþvax<s;CagRtImasmun ¬-0/1°¦. kareLIgéføTMnijeRbIR)as;GacbNþalmkBIéføeRbg nig TMnijmYycMnYneTot. enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 enATIpSarbþÚrR)ak;breTs duløarUS Føak;éfø Tl;nwgrUbiyvtßúcMbg² elIkElgEtTl;nwgR)ak;)atéf . duløarbþÚr)an 113/07ey:n¼duløarUS eFobnwgRtImasmunEdl)andl; 117/7 ey:n¼duløarUS ehIyduløark¾Føak;éføEdrTl;nwgR)ak;GWr:U R)ak;y:uncin nig R)ak;v:unkUer:xagt,Úg edaybþÚr)an 0/69GWr:U¼duløarUS 7/43yu:un¼duløarUS nig 921/23v:un¼duløarUS .

éføTMnijenATIpSarBiPBelakenARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 plitplksikmµhak;mandMeNIrkarl¥ eday éføTMnijdUcCaeBat eRbgqa Ggár nigsENþkesog ekIneLIg . éføeBat ekIn 12° eRbgqa 13° nigsENþkesog 22° rIÉéføGgár Thai 100% B

ekIn 6°. éføeRbgeqA saMg nigm:as‘Ut k¾ekIneLIgEdrkñúgRtImasenH. éføeRbgeqAekIndl; 82/88 duløar¼Fug rIÉsaMgekIn 7° dl; 59/48 esn¼lIRt nigm:asU‘tekIn 18° dl;66/54esn¼lIRt .

eroberogedayelak saMg c½nÞhgS

tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBeRkARbeTs

4> etIrdæaPi)al nigvis½yÉkCn GaceFVIy:agNaedIm,ICMrujkarGPivDÆ GclnRTBü¼kareRbIR)as;dI EdlmanplRbeyaCn_dl;esdækic© CYybMeBjtMrUvkarkñúgshKmn_TaMgsMrab;Gñkman nigGñkRk nig eKarBdl;brisßan nigsIlFm’Caekrþ×dMENlrbs;km<úCa?

RbCaBlrdækm<úCa RtUveFVIkarrYmKñaedIm,IrkdMeNaHRsayxageKal neya)ay nigkMNt;skmµPaBBak;B½n§nwgbBaðaTaMgLaydUcxagelI . dIFøICa FnFanesdækic©d¾sMxan; CaRbPBénsnþisux suxmalPaB nigGtþsBaØaN . eRkABIenH dIFøIenAmanplRbeyaCn_Cak;EsþgCaeRcIneTot eTaHbICalkçN³ GrUbIkþI vamansar³sMxan;CaxøaMgsMrab;RKb;shKmn_ nigRKb;RbCaCati .

GnuvtþtameKalneya)aymanEpnkarCak;lak; rWk¾edIrtamesNarIy:U GviC¢manénkarpøas;kEnøg¼cMNakRsukrbs;m©as;dItUc² karT®nÞan ykdIeFVIBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarrMelaPykdIBIsMNak;Rkumh‘un¼Gñkman zan³x<s;?

3> etIRtUvRKb;RKg¼eRbIR)as;dIsm,Tanesdækic© nigdIsm,TansgÁmkic© y:agdUcemþc edIm,ICYyCMrujvinieyaKmanplitPaBelIdIFøI edIm,Ipþl; plRbeyaCn_dl;TaMgGñkman nigGñkRk? etIRtUvEklMGkarRKb;RKg dIFøIy:agNaeTotedIm,IeGaymantmøaPaB nigGPi)alkic©l¥kñúgkar EbgEckFnFan kMNt;tMbn; kMNt;tMél nigbegáIncMNUlBn§?

tBITMB½r 16 dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi GclnRTBü >>>

18


tarag2> GRtaGtiprNaénédKUBaNiC¢kmµeRCIserIs BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬kMeNInCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun-mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

RbeTsGas‘aneRCIserIs km<úCa 3.2 1.2 4.0 5.8 4.7 3.4 3.0 4.6 6.0 9.6 \NÐÚensIu 13.2 8.3 8.3 10.5 13.4 6.1 6.4 6.0 6.5 6.7 m:aeLsIu 1.8 1.1 1.6 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.6 1.4 1.8 2.2 sigðburI -0.4 0.5 1.7 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.0 2.7 4.1 éf 0.6 1.8 2.7 4.5 4.7 3.3 2.4 1.9 1.7 2.9 evotNam 3.8 3.1 7.8 8.2 7.7 - 6.6 - - -RbeTsGasIueRCIserIs cin -0.7 1.2 3.9 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.6 3.6 6.1 6.6 hugkug -3.0 -2.6 -0.4 1.1 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 3.5 kUer:xagt,Úg 2.7 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 étv:an; -0.2 -0.3 1.6 2.3 0.6 -0.1 1.0 0.3 1.4 4.5RbeTs]sSahkmµeRCIserIs 0.0 GWr:U-12 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.9 Cb:un -0.9 -0.3 Nil -0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 shrdæGaemrik 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.4 3.9

Sources: International Monetary Fund, Economist and National Institute of Statistics

tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBeRkARbeTs

tarag4> éføplitpleRCIserIsenAelITIpSarBiPBelak BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

eBat (US No. 2) - US ¬$/etan¦ 89.98 95.42 110.65 89.19 111.04 140.18 154.33 146.10 139.81 156.9eRbgqa- GWr:ubBayBü ¬$/etan¦ 353.91 402.03 427.47 381.32 433.85 494.92 552.06 691.44 745.86 841.39Ggár (Thai 100%B) - )agkk ¬$/etan¦ 178.59 182.22 221.67 262.88 282.00 279.10 294.17 283.89 304.75 323.92sENþkesog (US No. 1) - US ¬$/etan¦ 182.58 218.86 262.03 224.25 213.88 230.17 255.33 259.95 299.99 366.59eRbgeqA-DUéb ¬$/Fug¦ 23.9 26.8 33.5 50.14 61.58 56.39 54.21 65.41 72.48 82.88saMg - US Gulf Coast ¬esn¼lIRt¦ 19.1 23 30.9 42.19 47.70 41.02 41.71 57.93 55.49 59.48ma:s‘Ut ¬s<an;F½rtic elx2¦ - US Gulf Coast ¬esn¼lIRt¦ 17.85 21.63 29.48 44.35 51.35 46.11 45.61 53.90 56.62 66.54

Sources: Food and Agriculture Organisation and US Energy Information Administration

tarag3> GRtabþÚrR)ak;eFobnwgduløarénrUbiyvtßúrbs;édKUBaNiC¢kmµeRCIserIs BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

RbeTsGas‘aneRCIserIs km<úCa ¬erol¦ 3912.1 3973 4016.3 4092.5 4103.2 4111.3 4046.7 4065.7 4078 4026 \NÐÚensIu ¬rUBIy:a¦ 9311 8577 8938 9705 9134 9125 9107 8968.3 9257.8 9240.2 m:aeLsIu ¬rIghÁIt¦ 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.67 3.62 3.50 3.43 3.46 3.35 sigðburI ¬duløarsigðburI¦ 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.45 éf ¬)at¦ 42.9 41.5 40.2 40.2 37.9 36.5 33.9 32.5 31.4 33.87 evotNam ¬dug¦ 15,280 15,510 - 15,859 15,994 16,077 16,356 - - -RbeTsGasIueRCIserIs cin ¬y:un¦ 8.28 8.28 8.28 8.19 7.97 7.86 7.76 7.68 7.55 7.43 hugkug ¬duløarhugkug¦ 7.80 7.78 7.79 7.78 7.77 7.78 7.81 7.82 7.81 7.77 kUer:xagt,Úg ¬v:un¦ 1251 1192 1145 1024 955 938 939 929 927 921.23 étv:an; ¬duløarétv:an;-NT$¦ 34.5 34.4 33.6 32.1 32.5 32.8 32.9 33.1 32.9 32.4RbeTs]sSahkmµeRCIserIs GWr:U-12 ¬GWr:U¦ 1.06 0.89 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.69 Cb:un ¬ey:n¦ 125.4 115.9 108.2 110.2 116.4 117.8 119.4 120.8 117.7 113.07

Sources: International Monetary Fund, Economist and National Bank of Cambodia

tarag1> kMeNIn pss Bit énédKUBaNiC¢kmµeRCIserIs BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬kMeNInCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

RbeTsGas‘aneRCIserIs km<úCa 4.8 7 7.7 13.4 10.6 - - - - - \NÐÚensIu 3.8 4.9 5.1 5.6 5.4 6.1 - - - 6.3 m:aeLsIu 5.6 5.4 7 5.2 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.7 7.3 sigðburI 2.6 1.4 8.5 5.7 7.7 7.0 6.0 8.2 8.9 6.0 éf 6.1 6.9 6 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.7 evotNam 6.7 7 7.5 8.4 8.1 - - - - -RbeTsGasIueRCIserIs cin 8.1 9.9 9.5 9.6 10.5 10.7 11.1 11.5 11.4 11.2 hugkug 5.0 3.2 8.3 6.5 6.6 7.0 5.6 6.9 6.2 6.7 kUer:xagt,Úg 6.1 3 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.2 5.7 étv:an; 4.2 3.1 5.7 4.1 4.6 4.0 4.1 5.07 6.9 6.4RbeTs]sSahkmµeRCIserIs GWr:U-12 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.5 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.2 Cb:un 0.4 2.6 3.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 shrdæGaemrik 2.4 3.1 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.1 1.5 3.8 4.9 2.5

Sources: International Monetary Fund, Economist and countries’ statistic offices

19


tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBkñúgRbeTsskmµPaBesdækic©sMxan;²enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 vinieyaKenAkm<úCaFøak;cuHRbEhl 40°

eFobnwgRtImasmun mkRtwm 741/5landuløar . GnumtielIksikmµ

mantMél 102/4landuløar rWeRcInCagRtImasmun 8dg . Gnumti

elIvis½y]sSahkmµ ekIneLIgCitmYyCaBIr dl; 328/0landuløar

rIÉGnumtielIesvakmµmantMél 311/1landuløar rWfycuH 68° .

kñúgGnumtisMrab;]sSahkmµTaMgGs; man 63° xagEkécñmðÚbGahar

nig 21° xagkat;edr . Gnumtixagkat;edrKitCaRTBüskmµ

Cab;lab; ekIn 70° eFobnwgRtImasmun . kñúgKMeragGnum½tenA

RtImasTI4 Gnuvis½ykat;edr begáItkargarfµI)aneRcInCageK KWsMrab;

31>492nak; . cMeBaHvis½yesvakmµ GnumtieTscrN_ mantMél

111/8landuløar rWfycuH 70° eFobnwgRtImasmun . KMerag

eTscrN_Edl)anGnum½t nwgRtUvkarbuKÁlikfIµ 4685nak; rIÉGnumti

elIvis½yksikmµnwgeRbIR)as;Blkrdl;eTA 4281nak; .

enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 Gnumtisagsg;mantMél

172/2landuløar rWfycuH 4/2° eFobnwgRtImasmun . GnumtiPUmiRKwH

nigpÞH Føak;cuH 6/8° mkRtwm 20/2landuløar ehIyGnumtisMNg;

pÞHElVg fycuH 51° mkRtwm 57/6landuløar . pÞúyeTAvij

kñúgqñaM2007 Gnumtisagsag;TaMgGs; )anekIneLIgCitmYyCaBIr

eFobnwgqñaM2006 dl; 635/8landuløar . sMNg;PUmiRKwH nigpÞH

ekIneLIgCagBIrdgdl; 79/1landuløar ehIysMNg;pÞHElVg ekIn 45°

eFobnwgqñaMmun dl; 297/2landuløar .

enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 GtierkBaNiC¢kmµekInx<s;Cag

RtImasmun edayeLIgdl; 189/3landuløar . karnaMecjsrub Føak;cuH

11° mkRtwm 793/4landuløar . karnaMecjsMelokbMBak; fycuH

14° mkRtwm 727/1landuløar . karnaMecjRtI fycuH 21°

mkRtwm 0/9landuløar rIÉkarnaMecjekAs‘U ekIn 25° dl;

14/6landuløar . ebIeFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 karnaMecjsrub

ekIn 7/7° . karnaMcUlekIn 6/3° eFobnwgRtImasmun dl;

982/7landuløar . kñúgenHkarnaMcUl)arI fycuH 1/9° mkRtwm

27/9landuløar rIÉkarnaMcUleRKOgsMNg; fycuH 6/9° mkRtwm

32/5landuløar . karnaMcUlsIum:g;t× Føak;cuH 18° mkRtwm

12/1landuløar ehIykarnaMcUlEdk fycuH 22° mkRtwm

9/3landuløar . karnaMcUlplitpleRbg fycuH 18° mkRtwm

58/9landuløar b:uEnþekIn 0/3° eFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 .

enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 ePJóveTscrmkdl;km<úCa ekIneLIg

42° eFobnwgRtImasmun dl; 607>964nak; . ePJóvmkdl;tam

pøÚvGakasman 61° éncMnYnePJóvmkdl;srub ehIykñúgenaH

GakasyandæanPñMeBjTTYl)an 153>743nak; . ePJóvmkdl;tam

pøÚveKaktMNageGay 37° énePJóvmkdl;srub ehIyenAsl;BIenaH

KWmkdl;tampøÚvTwk . ePJóvmksMraklMEh ekIn 32° dl;

480>963nak; rW ekIn 13° eFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 .

hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 RbtibtiþkarfvikaCati man»nPaB 204/0Ban;

lanerol KWx<s;CagRtImasmun EdlmanRtwm78/7Ban;lanerol .

cMNUlsrub ekIneLIg 11° dl; 1141/8Ban;lanerol eday)anCa

sMxan;mkBIcMNUlBn§ EdlekIneLIg 14° dl; 963/7Ban;lanerol .

cMNUlBn§kñúgRsukman 69° éncMNUlBn§srub rIÉcMNUlBn§elI

BaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTsman 31° . cMNUlminEmnBn§ fycuH

7/2° mkRtwm 173/5Ban;lanerol . cMNUl)anBIGclRTBü

dUcCa karCYldIrdæ nigcMNUlBIshRKasrdæ Føak;cuH 8/1° mkRtwm

13/6Ban;lanerol . karlk;TMnij nigesva ¬dUcCa karGnuBaØateGay

lk;dUr kMérrdæ)al cMNUl)anmkBIvinieyaK nigBn§RBlanynþehaH¦

ekIneLIg 22° dl; 122/6Ban;lanerol . cMNUlmUlFn )anmkBIkar

vinieyaKhirBaØvtßúKW 4/5Ban;lanerol eRbobeFobnwgcMNUlsUnüenA

RtImasmun .

cMNaysrub ekIneLIgRbEhl 20° eFobnwgRtImasmun dl;

1345/8Ban;lanerol . cMNayelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ ekIneLIg 43°

dl;362/6Ban;lanerol ehIy]btßmÖFnrbs;rdæaPi)al nigCMnYy

sgÁmkic© ekIneLIg 69° dl; 194/2Ban;lanerol . karykkMérxag

hirBaØvtßúKW 27/0Ban;lanerol kñúgenaH karR)ak;elIbMNuleRkA

RbeTsmancMnYn 16/0Ban;lanerol . cMNaymUlFn ekIneLIg 30°

dl; 463/4Ban;lanerol . karpþl;hirBaØb,TankñúgRsukman

160/2Ban;lanerol ehIykarpþl;hirBaØb,TanBIeRkARbeTsmancMnYn

303/2Ban;lanerol .

GtiprNa nigGRtabþÚrR)ak;enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as;srub ekIn 15/9°

eFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 . mðÚbGahar nigePsC¢³KµanCatiRsa

man 58/04° éncMNayelIkarrs;enAsrub nigekIneLIg 21/7° .

cMNayelIkarsñak;enA TwkePøIg ]sµ½n nig\n§n³epSg²eTot ekIn

11/5° karEfTaMsuxPaB ekIn 10/8° kardwkCBa¢Ún ekIn 5/3° rIÉ

cMNayelITUrKmnaKmn_ Føak;cuH 16/8° .

enAeBlEdléføTMnijesIÞrEtRKb;muxekIneLIg R)ak;erol)an

eLIgéføTl;nwgduløarUS edaybþÚr)an 4030/1 erol¼duløarUS rWeLIgéfø

1/3° eFobnwgRtImasmun nigeLIgéfø 2/4° eFobnwgRtImasTI4

qñaM2006 . Tl;nwgR)ak;)atéf R)ak;eroleLIgéfø 0/5° dl;

129/3erol¼)at ehIyTl;nwgR)ak;dugevotNam vabþÚr)an 25/2

erol¼100dug .

karvivtþrUbiyvtßúenAcugExFñÚ 2007 rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) man 11310/7Ban;lanerol

rWekInCit 63° eFobnwgcugExFñÚ 2006 . rUbiyvtßú (M1) ekIndl;

2052/0Ban;lanerol kñúgenaHR)ak;erolcracrman 97° nig

20


tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBkñúgRbeTs

R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ 3° . rUbiyvtßúepSg² EdlrYmman R)ak;beBaIØsnSM

R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt; nigR)ak;beBaØICarUbiyvtßúbreTs ekIn

75° dl; 9258/7Ban;lanerol . kñúgeBlCamYyKña R)ak;beBaØI

CarUbiyvtßúbreTsekIn 76° dl; 9137/7Ban;lanerol .

RTBüskmµkñúgRsuksuT§ nigRTBüskmµbreTssuT§ )anrYmcMENk

dl;kMeNInrUbiyvtßúTUeTA . enAExFñÚ 2007 RTBüskmµkñúgRsuksuT§

mantYelxviC¢man 576/0Ban;lanerol . \NTankñúgRsukman

4570/0Ban;lanerol rWekIn 71° eFobnwgeBldUcKñaqñaM2006 .

\NTanrdæaPi)alekIn 3/6° dl; 297/0Ban;lanerol ehIy

\NTandl;vis½yÉkCnekIn 76° dl; 6386/0Ban;lanerol .

mü:ageTot R)ak;beBaØIrdæaPi)al ekIn 70° dl; 2112/9Ban;lanerol

nigbMNulFnaKarepSg² ekIn 35° dl; 3994/1Ban;lanerol .

RTBüskmµbreTssuT§ ekIn 49° dl; 10734/7Ban;lanerol

enAcugExFñÚ 2007 .

eroberogeday pan; dalIs nigb:un dUrINa

edIm,Ipþl;B½t’maneGaysisS-nisSit RkumRKYsar nignieyaCkRBmTaMg

pøas;bþÚrTsSn³saFarNCnEdlfasBaØab½Rt]tþmsikSa CameFüa)ay

EtmYyedIm,Irk)ankargarl¥ ehIykarGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³¼

bec©keTs KWsMrab;Etkargarfñak;Tab . Gñkbec©keTs nigvisVkr

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l¥eTotpg .

edIm,IeqøIytbnwgbMErbMrYltMrUvkarTIpSarBlkmµ RksYgkargar

nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ cg;CYykñúgkargarsMrbtamkarpøas;bþÚr

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müa:geTot RksYgCYyEklMGplitPaB¼karRKb;RKg tamry³kar

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kñúgkarGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalCMnaj¼bec©keTs edIm,IbNþúHbNþal

Gñkbec©keTs nigvisVkr . müa:geTot RksYgnwgCMrujeGaynieyaCk

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bþÚrkaryl;eXIjrbs;yuvCn nigGaNaBüa)alBYkeK elIkarGb;rMnig

bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³¼bec©keTs .

tBITMB½r 11 karTajykRbeyaCn_ >>>

tBITMB½r 14 RbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 nig >>>

ynþkarCMrujkarsRmbsRmYl nigkic©shRbtibtiþkarrvagGaCIvkr •

nigrdæaPi)al minGacbnþdwknaMedayGñkpþl;CMnYyeT KWcaM)ac;RtUv

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mansmtßPaBRKb;RKan; edIm,IbMeBjtYnaTICaGñkdwknaMEbbenHkþI .

CMerIselIkesñImYyeTot KWkarBRgwgRkumkargarvis½yÉkCnTaMg8

edaymaneKaledAyUrGEgVg dak;KYbbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgGs;eGaykøay

Cakariyal½yÉkraCümYy .

vishmCÄkarcMeBaHfñak;extþ edIm,IbegáInkic©shRbtibtþikarrvag •

rdæ-GaCIvkr ehIykarbegIátevTikafñak;tMbn; EdlsMxan;Nas;Edr

sMrab;briyakasGaCIvkmµtamtMbn;kan;EtrwgmaM .

bBaðaRbQmcMeBaHkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn RtUv)anedaHRsayelI •

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dUcCa smahrNkmµTIpSarkñúgtMbn; nigkarkat;bnßyéføedImplitkmµ .

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b:HBal;dl;vis½yÉkCn nigsmtßPaBeFIVGaCIvkmµrbs;vis½yenH .

bBaðaRbQmxagGPi)alkic©sMrab;karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn rYmman •

karlM)akepSg² Tak;TinnwgsiTi§kan;kab;GclnRTBü nigkarBRgwg

Gnuvtþn_kic©snüa . karvivtþCaviC¢mank¾manmYycMnYnEdr dUcCa

vimCÄkarnigkarepÞrGMNaceFVIEpnkar kMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³

nig rebobrbbeFVICaédKUrvagvis½yÉkCn nigrdæ . ninñakarsMxan;mYy

EdleTIbpuseLIg KWkMeNInGñkdwknaMshRKasGaCIvkmµ nigGñk

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l¥eRcInEdr edIm,IbegIátGNþÚgEr: nigpÁt;pÁg;plitplEr:dl;RbeTs

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ehdæarcnasm<½n§ karksagsmtßPaB nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .

b:uEnþTaMgGs;enHkMBugsißtkñúgdMNak;kalRsavRCavenAeLIyeT .

21


tamdanesdækic© - snÞsSn_esdækic©

tarag1> KMeragvinieyaKÉkCn)anGnum½t qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4RTBüskmµCab;lab; ¬landuløar¦

ksikmµ 40.3 3.7 12.3 26.8 126.5 216.9 0.0 154.6 19.1 2.1 12.0 102.4]sSahkmµ 67.7 137.2 187.9 914.6 40.1 76.9 171.7 76.6 142.7 51.2 187.2 328.0 kat;edr 27.2 68.1 132.6 174.4 30.5 9.6 23.2 26.1 36.6 24.3 40.7 69.1esvakmµ 145.3 168.4 91.8 155.5 60.7 2,043.2 94.5 740.7 335.7 138.0 957.7 311.1 sNæaKar nigeTscrN_ 47.1 124.1 55.9 102.6 0.0 26.2 3.5 315.3 140.3 55.0 653.8 199.2srub 253.3 309.3 292.0 1096.9 227.3 2,337.0 266.2 971.9 497.5 191.3 1156.9 741.5

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmunsrub - - - - 90.7 928.1 -88.6 265.1 -48.8 -61.6 504.7 -35.9

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunsrub 13.1 22.1 -5.6 275.6 -52.2 2331.2 -34.1 715.4 118.9 91.8 334.6 -23.7

Including expansion project approvals. Source: Cambodian Investment Board

tarag2> tMélKMeragsMNg;enAPñMeBj)anGnum½t qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4landuløar

PUmiRKwH/ pÞH 23.4 20.0 30.3 45.5 10.1 5.7 7.6 9.7 14.4 22.8 21.7 20.2pÞHElVg 179.9 91.6 167.6 204.2 39.9 51.8 67.1 54.5 88.9 33.2 117.5 57.6epSg² 16.6 87.3 65.6 109.1 17.4 24.7 20.8 13.9 35.9 88.8 40.6 94.3srub 219.9 198.9 263.5 358.8 67.4 82.2 95.5 78.2 139.2 144.7 179.7 172.2

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmunsrub - - - - -6.2 22.2 16.1 -18.1 78.0 3.9 24.2 -4.2

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunsrub 12.0 -9.5 32.5 36.2 -36.5 -21.2 24.8 8.9 106.5 76.0 88.2 120.2

Source: Department of Cadastre and Geography of Phnom Penh municipality

tarag3> karnaMecj nignaMcUl qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4landuløar

karnaMecjsrub 1453.2 1708.1 2108.1 2352.8 603.2 652.5 807.5 736.7 707.8 705.0 890.8 793.4 rYmman³ sMelokbMBak; 1355.8 1628.4 2027 2253.3 568.5 632.4 782.0 716.0 677.5 688.2 846.1 727.1 - eTAshrdæGaemrik 943.4 1099.8 1270.9 1546.1 402.5 438.6 522.8 483.2 499.1 451.2 - - - eTAshKmn_GWur:ub 356.3 414.7 590.8 503.1 110.6 142.2 188.1 160.1 106.3 163.1 - - - RbeTsepSgeTot 56.1 113.8 165.3 204.1 55.3 51.6 71.0 72.8 72.0 73.8 - - ksikmµ 97.3 79.7 81.2 99.5 34.7 20.2 25.5 20.7 30.3 16.8 - - - ekAs‘U 29.7 35.1 38.3 36.7 7.8 9.8 13.6 10.2 8.4 6.9 11.7 14.6 - eQI 16.0 10.2 11.1 10.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 - RtI 4.3 2.8 10.6 10.1 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.9 - epSg² 47.4 31.6 21.3 42.6 22.9 7.0 7.7 7.5 19.0 7.5 - - karnaMcUlsrub 1707.8 1824.9 2149.0 2513 690.7 774.9 784.3 807.1 790.9 911.6 924.5 982.7 rYmman³ plitpleRbgkat 157.5 191.6 187.0 184.8 57.6 59.8 62.4 58.7 66.5 68.5 71.0 58.9 saMg 25.9 33.2 30.2 40.2 10.9 12.4 13.1 13.2 15.7 20.2 - - m:as‘Ut 100.8 109.6 109.4 93.1 32.5 32.2 30.1 27.2 31.9 36.6 - - sMPar³sMNg; 12.9 80.8 95.3 134.7 37.0 39.1 42.5 35.8 44.1 31.6* 34.9 32.5 epSg² 1568.2 1601.3 1914.0 2245 610.3 691.2 698.5 731.0 699.2 807.5 818.6 891.3 CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ -254.6 -116.8 -40.9 -160.1 -87.5 -122.4 23.2 -70.4 -83.1 -208.1 -30.7 -189.3

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmun karnaMecjsMelokbMBak;srub - - - - -5.4 39.8 -118.9 -403.4 18.0 150.4 -85.2 -14.1 karnaMecjsrub - - - - -6.4 8.2 23.7 -8.8 -3.9 0.4 26.4 -10.9 karnaMcUlsrub - - - - -0.03 12.2 1.2 2.9 -2.0 15.3 1.4 6.3

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun karnaMecjsMelokbMBak;srub 9.2 -54.1 -64.9 291.4 51.1 -19.5 -76.2 52.0 -5.0 70.0 -232.3 1.6 karnaMecjsrub 14.6 17.5 23.4 11.6 30.3 26.7 10.6 14.3 17.3 8.0 10.3 7.7 karnaMcUlsrub 13.7 6.9 17.8 16.9 32.6 16.2 24.0 16.8 14.5 17.6 17.9 21.7Import data include tax-exempt imports. Sources: Customs and Excise Department, cited by NBC

tarag4> cMnYnGñkdMeNIrmkdl;kñúgRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

cMnYnGñkdMeNIr ¬Ban;nak;¦tampøÚvGakas 523.0 456.0 626.1 856.5 275.4 204.4 224.2 325.0 373.6 275.6 278.5 368.8 tampøÚveKak nigTwk 263.5 245.0 428.9 565.1 181.9 153.6 146.4 191.0 177.2 148.9 153.3 239.2srub 786.5 701.1 1055.0 1421.6 457.3 358.0 370.6 516.0 550.8 424.5 431.8 608.0

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmunsrub - - - - 9.9 -21.7 4.1 39.2 6.7 -22.9 1.7 40.8

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunsrub 30.0 -10.9 50.5 34.7 20.2 21.2 14.7 24.1 20.4 19.2 16.5 17.8

Source: Ministry of Tourism

22


tarag5> RbtibtþikarfvikaCatielImUldæanCasac;R)ak; qñaM2002-2007 ¬Ban;lanerol¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4cMNUlsrub 1744 1764 2126 2625 595.9 731.5 732.2 1199.6 824.9 1016.8 1031.4 1141.8cMNUlcrn§ 1728 1733 2107 2474 593.2 726.9 716.8 844.9 824.9 1012.4 1031.4 1110.3cMNUlBn§ 1227 1220 1577 1911 484.7 558.6 565.8 661.8 699.9 887.7 844.6 963.7 Bn§Ky 424 395 513 573 135.5 151.7 157.2 200.0 - - - - Bn§kñúgRsuk - - - - - - - - 487.9 642.1 584.8 660.7 Bn§elIBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs - - - - - - - - 212.1 245.6 259.8 303.0cMNUlminEmnBn§ 501 513 530 563 108.5 168.3 151.0 183.1 125.0 124.7 186.9 173.5 GaCIvkmµéRBeQI 15 7 2 3 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.9 - - - - éRbsNIy_ nigTUrKmnaKmn_ 123 120 94 123 11.4 30.0 11.7 30.0 - - - - cMNUlelIGclnRTBü - - - - - - - - 27.9 15.5 14.8 13.6 lk;TMnij nigesva - - - - - - - - 88.8 93.0 100.1 122.6cMNUlCamUlFn 16 31 19 152 2.7 4.6 15.4 354.7 0.0 4.5 0.0 4.5cMNaysrub 2948 2757 2932 3295 932.1 1020.1 1030.6 1191.9 923.9 1098.7 1126.1 1345.8cMNayCamUlFn 1388 1171 1163 1328 390.5 394.7 423.8 429.1 367.1 408.1 355.1 463.3cMNaycrnþ 1560 1586 1769 1967 541.7 625.4 606.9 762.8 556.8 681.6 771.0 882.5 Gb;rM nigsuxaPi)al 454 473 518 351 80.3 202.3 150.1 281.3 - - - - karBarCati nigsnþisuxCati 438 411 423 451 78.1 116.7 155.3 170.1 - - - - RksYgepSg²eTot 668 702 828 1165 383.2 306.4 301.5 311.4 - - - - ebovtSr_ 587 615 640 711 140.5 210.3 230.6 240.6 199.7 242.7 253.4 362.6 ]btßmÖFn nigCMnYysgÁmkic© - - - - - - - - 61.9 184.0 115.0 194.2smtulüCaTUeTA -1204 -993 -806 -706 -336.3 -288.5 -298.5 7.7 -99.0 -81.9 -78.7 -204.0hirBaØb,TanBIeRkARbeTs 1249 886 864 1127 308.0 341.3 335.2 376.2 344.0 313.9 290.3 383.2hirjØb,TankñúgRsuk -45 106 148 -396 28.3 -52.8 -36.7 -383.9 -245.0 -213.0 -148.0 -140.6

Provisional for 2007. The third quarter data are not yet available. Source: MEF web site

tarag6> snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; GRtabþÚrR)ak; nigéfømas ¬mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦ qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

(October-December 2006:100) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; ¬bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun¦extþ - - - - - - - - 5.9 9.0 14.4 16.6PñMeBj - - - - - - - - 4.7 5.8 7.7 12.4km<úCa - TMnijJRKb;RbePT - - - - - - - - 5.7 8.5 11.9 15.9PñMeBjJ - mðÚbGahar nigePsC¢³KµanCatiRsa - - - - - - - - 8.3 12.0 16.9 21.7PñMeBjJ - dwkCBa¢Ún - - - - - - - - -3.4 1.1 2.0 5.3

GRtabþÚrR)ak; éfømas éføeRbg\n§n³ ¬tamGRtaTIpSarenAPñMeBj¦

erolkñúg 1 duløar 3912.1 3973.3 4016.3 4119.7 4,094.8 4106.6 4145.3 4129.4 4063.0 4075.4 4082.3 4030.1erolkñúg 1 )atéf 91.1 95.8 99.9 102.6 103.5 108.0 110.3 113.0 113.7 118.0 130.0 129.3erolkñúg 100 dugevotNam 25.6 25.6 25.5 25.8 25.4 25.0 24.9 25.0 24.6 24.7 25.3 25.2éfømas ¬duløarkñúg1CI¦ 36.8 41.4 46.3 54.0 64.2 72.2 73.0 72.8 77.7 79.8 80.8 94.4éføm:as‘Ut ¬erol¼lIRt¦ 1521 1508 2088 2633 2867 3110 3333 3250 3067 3100 3203 3679éføsaMg ¬erol¼lIRt¦ 2084 2150 2833 3442 3767 4000 4200 4050 3750 3900 4002 4368

Sources: NIS, NBC & CDRI

tarag7> sßanPaBrUbiyvtßú qñaM2002-2007 ¬tYelxenAcugkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Ban;lanerolRTBüskmµbreTssuT§ 3737 4027 4797 5475 6410 6682 6958 7224 8056 9048 9768 10735RTBüskmµkñúgRsuksuT§ -849 -698 -467 -450 -699 -637 -497 -282 -263 -172 140 576 \NeTyüsuT§elIrdæaPi)al -119 -128 -209 -421 -755 -831 -892 -953 -1176 -1403 -1547 -1816 \NTandl;EpñkÉkCn 1059 1337 1817 2394 2,778 2997 3288 3628 4066 4537 5376 6386rUbiyvtßúTUeTA M2 2888 3329 4330 5025 5711 6045 6461 6942 7793 8876 9908 11311rUbiyvtßú M1 813 937 1153 1323 1449 1512 1563 1658 1794 1748 1750 2052rUbiyvtßúepSg² 2075 2392 3177 3702 4262 4533 4898 5285 5999 7128 8158 9259

bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunrUbiyvtßúTUeTA M2 31.0 15.2 30.0 16.1 27.0 30.6 29.4 38.2 36.5 46.8 53.4 62.9rUbiyvtßú M1 33.5 15.3 23.0 14.7 20.9 24.4 22.2 25.3 23.9 15.7 12.0 23.8rUbiyvtßúepSg² 30.0 15.2 32.8 16.6 33.6 32.8 31.9 42.7 40.7 57.3 66.5 75.2

Source: National Bank of Cambodia

tarag8> cMNUlRbcaMéf¶CamFümBitrbs;BlkrgayrgeRKaH ¬éføefr Exvicäika 2000¦cMNUlRbcaMéf¶ ¬Caerol¦ bMErbMrYleFobnwgqñaMmun ¬°¦

2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007vicäika vicäika kumÖ³ ]sPa sIha vicäika ]sPa sIha vicäika

GñkFak;suIkøÚ 7594 8572 7614 7469 7393 6534 9245 7126 9393 8 18 27GñklIEsg 6233 6676 6895 6545 7045 6010 9798 7704 8852 33 47 26Gñklk;bEnøtUctac 5256 6532 6947 6000 6125 6125 8951 9116 8303 38 75 36GñkerIseGtcay 2718 3944 4446 4416 3903 4530 5533 6038 5560 23 42 42GñkbMerItamePaCnIydæan* 2111 4932 4448 4426 4498 4078 5150 4193 4508 21 -2 0GñksIuQñÜleFVIERs 4198 4177 4139 4365 4653 4126 4531 4561 4790 0 10 3kmµkreragcRkkat;edr 6701 9577 9277 8816 8957 11146 8347 9033 8207 6 -2 -8Gñkrt;m:UtUDub 8610 10092 9204 8201 8386 9144 12,886 8979 13,060 47 33 37kmµkrsMNg;KµanCMnaj 5399 6558 6382 5918 6028 5263 6075 5901 7550 -5 -2 43kmµkrsMNg;manCMnaj 13,127 13,111 12,679 10,316 9466 10,215 11,892 11,723 10,956 21 24 7

* Waitresses’ earnings do not include meals and accommodation provided by shop owners. Surveys on the revenue of waitresses, rice -field workers, garment workers, unskilled workers, motorcycle taxi drivers and construction workers began in February 2000. Source: CDRI

23


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24


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TsSnavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa e)aHBum<pSayeday viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa

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ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5

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¬855-23¦ 881-701/ 881-916/ 883-603 ¬855-23¦ 880-734

e-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.cdri.org.kh

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issn 1560-7615 / isbn 978-99950-52-06-5 tssnavdþi ...rkb;rkgesdækic©km

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