issn 1560-7615 / isbn 978-99950-52-06-5 tssnavdþi ...rkb;rkgesdækic©km
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5 TsSnavdþI ...RKb;RKgesdækic©km](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022053106/6072027ff381b34f2d47b2e4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
nigvibulPaBRbkbedayKuNPaB} RBmCamYyRbFanbTrgrbs;vKÁcMnYn 5³
RbeTskm<úCa ³ karBinitüBIsßanPaBm:aRkUenAqñaM2008 •
karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa 1 •
karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa 2 •
karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa •
RbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 nigeTAGnaKt •
TsSnavdIþGPivDÆn_km<úCaelxenH epþatelIbBaðasMxan;²Edl)an
BiPakSakñúgsnñisITckçúvis½y nigkarCab;Tak;Tgrbs;bBaðaenHeTAnwgeKal
neya)ayGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa . CDRI nig ANZ Royal k¾kMBugeFIVkarsegçb
lT§plrbs;sniñsITCaPasaExµr nigGg;eKøs sMrab;dak;CUndl;GñkbegIát
eKalneya)ay nigGñkman\Ti§Bl . kmµviFI bTbgðaj nigÉksarsniñsIT
epSg²eTot GacEsVgrk)anenAEvbsayrbs; CDRI³ www.cdri.org.kh.
Éksare)aHBum<pSayrbs;
viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCaTsSnavdþ IGPivDÆn_km<úCa
emsa - mifuna qñaM2008 témø 1>500¹qñaMTI12 elx 2
ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5
karekogKrFnFankm<úCa manFnFanmnusS FnFanFmµCati FnFanhirBaØvtßú sRmab;karGPivDÆ kMeNInesdækic© nigvibulPaB RbkbedayKuNPaB³ snñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008*
matikakm<úCa³ TidæPaBma:RkU qñaM2008 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2karTajRbeyaCn_[)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6karTajRbeyaCn_[)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>> 9PaBCaédKUrvagrdæ-vis½yÉkCn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 12dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi GclnRTBü >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15tamdanesdækic© – sßanPaBeRkARbeTs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17
– sßanPaBkñúgRbeTs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19B½t’manfµI²BI viTüasßan CDRI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 24
sniñsITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 R)arB§eFIVeLIgenA
ExkumÖ³ qñaM2008 eRkamkic©shkar CDRI CamYyFnaKar
eGGinhSitrU:y:al;km<úCa ¬ANZ Royal¦ eday CDRI
CaviTüasßanRsavRCavxageKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_ Qan
muxeK ehIy ANZ Royal k¾CaFnaKarQanmuxeK
enAkm<úCaEdr . sniñsITenH mankarGeBa¢IjcUlrYmBI
sMNak;fñak;dwknaMcMnYn 250nak; mkBICYrraCrdæaPi)al
vis½yÉkCn sgÁmsIuvil nigshKmn_GPivDÆn_ nig
RsavRCavnana edIm,IeFIVkarBiPakSaBIeCaKC½y nigbBaða
RbQmEdlmankñúgkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa edayeFIVkar
sgát;F¶n;CaBiesseTAelIbBaðaBak;B½n§nwgvis½yÉkCn nig
edIm,IrYmKñabegIátCaGnusasn_sMrab;eKalneya)ay nig
KMniteyabl;mYycMnYnsMrab;skmµPaBGPivDÆn_RbeTs .
kñúgsunÞrkfaKnøwHebIkGgÁsnñisITckçúvis½yelIkTIBIrenH semþc
h‘un Esn naykrdæm®nþIénraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )ansgát;F¶n;fa mYyTsvtSr_
énsniþPaB nigsißrPaB GaceGayRbeTskm<úCa TTYl)ankMeNInKYrCaTI
eBjcitþ RBmCamYynwgkarGPivDÆesdækic© nig sgÁmkic©y:agxøaMgkøa dUcCa
karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk)aneRcIn cMNUlraCrdæaPi)alekIneLIg nigehdæarcna
sm<½n§vis½ysuxaPi)alnigkarGb;rM manPaBRbesIreLIg . eTaHbIy:agNakþI
semþcnaykrdæm®nþI k¾)anTTYlsÁal;pgEdrfa GnþrkaleTArkesdækic©
TIpSaresrImann½yfa CakarbnþbBaðaRbQmsMrab;raCrdæaPi)al nigédKU
GPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜn BiessbBaðavismPaB nigkarEbgEckplénkMeNInmin
esIµKña . semþc k¾)ansgát;F¶n;eTAelIbBaðaRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati vivaTdIFøI
nigsmtßPaBFnFanmnusSmanEdnkMNt; RBmCamYynwgkarpÁÚpÁgCMnajeTA
nwgtMrUvkarTIpSarBlkmµ min)anRtwmRtUvpgEdr CaBiesssMrab;snÞúHesdækic©
d¾xøaMgEbbenH vis½yÉkCnenAEtminTan;mankarGPivDÆ . bBaðaTaMgenHRtUv
)anpþl;GaTiPaBx<s;sMrab;karGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCaenACMhanbnÞab; .
RbFanbTsniñsITckçúvis½y qñaM2008 KW {karekogKrFnFankm<úCa man
FnFanmnusS FnFanFmµCati FnFanhirBaØvtßúsRmab;karGPivDÆ kMeNInesdækic©
* LarI eRsþn© naykRbtibtþiénviTüasßßan CDRI srubTidæPaBTUeTAén
sniñsITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 .
semþcnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn EføgsunÞrkfaKnøwHkñúgsnñisITckçúvis½y ExkumÖ³ qñaM2008
![Page 2: ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5 TsSnavdþI ...RKb;RKgesdækic©km](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022053106/6072027ff381b34f2d47b2e4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
bNÐit Hossein Jalilian* GFib,ayRtYs²BIbTbgðajTaMgbYnkñúg vKÁTI1 énsnñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 niglT§pl sMxan;²énkarBiPakSaCabnþmkeTot .
sniñsITckçúvis½yqñaM2007 manlkçN³sMxan;mYyeTotkñúgvKÁsþIBI TidæPaB m:aRkUesdækic©enARbeTskm<úCa . dUcKñaEdr vKÁdMbUgénsniñsITqñaM2008 )anbgðajBIRbFanbTd¾sMxan;dUcxagelI . vKÁenHRtUv)ansMrbsMrYl eday Ék]tþmbNÐit hg; CYn Nar:un
1 ehIyGñkeFIVbTbgðajmandUcCa
elak John Nelmes2 Edl)anelIkBIsUcnakrm:aRkUsMxan;² bNÐit
Hossein Jalilian )anbUksrubBIbBaðaRbQmxagGPivDÆn_ elak Gary
Runciman3
)anBiPakSaBIbBaðamYycMnYnBak;B½n§nwgvis½yÉkCn eyag tamTsSn³rbs;vis½yFnaKarnighirBaØvtßú nigsaRsþacarü Zhang
Yuyan4 EdlbkRsayBIbBaðaTak;Tgnwgktþasßab½nkñúgtMbn;eyIg .
srubmk CadMbUgmankarbgðajBIxøwmsarsMxan;²énvKÁenH bnÞab;mkKW bTbgðajedayelak John Nelmes . vKÁenHpþl;B½t’manfµI²elI bBaðaEdl)anelIkeLIgkñúgsniñsIT ckçúvis½yqñaM2007 . elak John Nelmes pþl;Tinñn½yBak;B½n§elI RbFanbTenH ehIybgðajfa dMeNIrkaresdækic©d¾xøaMgkøanaeBlfIµ² )anfyel,Ónbnþicvijnabc©úb,nñ edaysarvis½ykat;edrkm<úCa nig esdækic©shrdæGaemrik)anFøak;cuH . RsbeBlCamYyKña GtiprNaekIn eLIgy:agxøaMg EdlGacmkBIkareLIgéfømðÚbGahar nigeRbg enATIpSar GnþrCati . Tak;TinnwgktþakñúgRsukEdlbgákMeNInGtiprNaenH elak Nelmes bBa¢ak;fa vabNþalmkBIkMeNIntMrUvkarkñúgRsukEdl)anbegIán éføBlkmµ ehIykMeNInéføBlkmµ)anrYmcMENkeFIVeGayTMnijeLIgéfø nigbegáIncMNayRTRTg;kMritCIvPaB . GtßbTTaMgRsugénbTbgðaj rbs;elak Nelmes manbgðajCUnenAxageRkayesckþIsegçbenH . bNiÐt Jalilian )aneFIVbTbgðajTak;TgnwgbBaðasMxan;²Edl esdækic©RbeTskm<úCakMBugRbQm . eTaHbIkMeNInCarYmrbs;RbeTskm<úCakñúgmYyTsvtSr_cugeRkay mansnÞúHxøaMgk¾eday b:uEnþPaBRkIRk enAEtmansPaBF¶n;F¶r ehIykarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkKYrEt)aneRcIn CagenH . elak)anEvkEjkfa kMeNIn nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk enAkm<úCaenAmankMritTabenAeLIy ebIeFobnwgkMeNInnigkarkat;bnßy PaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn; nigenARbeTscin . elakGHGageTotfa lT§pl minsUvl¥EbbenH bNþalmkBImUldæanénkMeNInmanlkçN³tUcceg¥ót edayRbmUlpþúMEtelIvis½ykat;edr sMNg; nigeTscrN_ . cMENkkMeNIn kñúgvis½yksikmµEdlsMxan;bMputsMrab;karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk vaman
sPaBmineTogTat; nigmankMritTab . dUecñHedIm,IeFIVeGaykan;Etman RbsiT§PaB kMeNInRtUvmanlkçN³rab;bBa©Úl)ankan;EtxøaMg nigRtUvman cMNgTak;Tgkan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBrvagvis½yxus²Kña nigkñúgvis½y nImYy² . kMeNInRtUvcat;Tukfa manlkçN³rab;bBa©Úl RbsinebIvapþl;[mñak;²nUvlT§PaBesµI²KñakñúgkarTTYl)an»kasl¥Edlva)an begIáteLIg. elakbNÐit)ansgát;F¶n;BItYnaTIsMxan;Edlvis½yÉkCn rdæaPi)al nig rcnasm<½n§GPi)alkic©l¥RbesIr GacedIrtYkñúgdMeNIrkarenH . edayKUs bBa¢ak;BIsar³sMxan;énkarEklMGksikmµeGayedIrtYCameFüa)aysMrab; kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk elak)anelIkBItYnaTId¾sMxan;én karcuHbBa¢Inig karEbgEckdIFøI siTi§elIGclnRTBükan;Etc,as;las; karGPivDÆ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigkarGPivDÆTIpSarCaTUeTA . kgVHxatsßab½nrwgmaM RBmTaMg kgVHRkbxNÐnigkardak;Gnuvtþc,ab;bTb,BaØtþi KWCa]bsKÁEdl bnþraraMgdl;kMeNIn . elak)anbBa¢ak;eTotfa bNþasßab½nkñúgtMbn;mantYnaTIsMxan;kñúg karCMrujeGaymankarbegáItsþg;dar nigkarBRgwgGnuvtþ RBmTaMgCYyKaMRTdl;karGPivDÆTIpSaresrI . elak Gary Runciman )aneFIVbTbgðajepþateTAelItYnaTIrbs; vis½yFnaKar niglMhUrmUlFn. elak)anelIkfa vis½yhirBaØvtßú)an ekInxøaMgGs©arüedaycab;epþImBImUldæanmYyd¾Tab ehIyR)ak;beBaØI)an ekIneLIgx<s;Cagkarpþl;kMcI . edayTMnukcitþelIvis½yFnaKarkan;Et RbesIreLIg vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs (FDI) enAkm<úCa RtUv)anvinieyaKin ykmktMkl;enAkñúgFnaKar ehIyR)ak;enAsl;rbs;GaCIvkmµ k¾epJITuk enAFnaKarEdr . sßab½nmIRkUhirBaØvtßú (MFIs) minTan;RbmUl)anR)ak; beBaØIeT ehIyk¾minEmnCameFüa)ayBitCak;EsþgsMrab;cUleTAkñúgvis½y pøÚvkarEdr . elak Runciman )anelIkfa karpþl;kMcI)anekInsn§wk Nas; ehIykMcITaMgenaHPaKeRcInmandak;GclRTBüFana EdleFVI[ RbCaCnBüayambegáInmUlFnCaGclnRTBü . edayeyagdl;sßab½n FnaKarTaMg 22 EdlkMBugRbkYtRbECgKñaeFVIGaCIvkmµ elakGHGagfa vis½yFnaKarmanlkçN³RbkYtRbECg dUecñHshRKasnanaGacTTYl plcMeNjBIsßanPaBenH . elak Runciman )anbBa¢ak;fa kMeNIny:agelOnnaeBlfIµ² kñúgvis½yFnaKar bgðajy:agc,as;BITMnukcitþkan;EteRcInelIR)ak;beBaIØ nigkarpþl;\NTan rYmTaMgTMnukcitþy:agxøaMgBIGaCIvkmµkñúgRsuk nig kMeNInvinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs . eTaHy:agenHkþI k¾kMcIPaKeRcInenAEtRtUv FanaedaydIFIø dUecñHehIykarpþl;kMcImanEdnkMNt; BIeRBaHkareFIVb½NÑ kmµsiTi§dIRtUvcMNayeRcIn nigmankarlM)akkñúgkardak;CavtßúFana . ]bsKÁepSg²eTotcMeBaHkarTTYl)anhirBaØvtßú KWkgVHxatkarBRgwg GnuvtþRkbx½NÐc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ karlM)aknwgTTYl)ankMcIedaysarkgVH ÉksarbBa¢ak; nigkgVHxatlT§PaBkñúgkareRbIRTBüepSgeTot ¬dUcCa RTBüGaCIvkmµCaedIm¦ edIm,IFanakMcI . haniP½ykñúgvis½yFnaKar mandUcCa R)ak;cMNUlTabkñúgvis½yenHCaTUeTAedaysarmankMcImin dMeNIrkar¬Bi)akTar¦eRcIn nigTMnukcitþTab edaysarKµankarBRgwg Gnuvtþc,ab; . bBaðaFM²EdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;CaGaTiPaB mandUcCa³
R)ak;cMNUlTab³ kMcImindMeNIrkarkMBugekIneLIg. eTaHbIR)ak;cMNUl •
rbs;FnaKarekIneLIgk¾eday k¾vaenAmankMritTabxøaMgNas;sMrab; RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ .
RbeTskm<úCa³ karBinitüBI sßanPaBm:aRkUenAqñaM2008sUcnakrsMxan;² bBaðaRbQm xagGPivDÆn_ tMbn;eyIg vis½yÉkCn
* elak Hossein Jalilian CanaykxagRsavRCavénviTüasßan CDRI
![Page 3: ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5 TsSnavdþI ...RKb;RKgesdækic©km](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022053106/6072027ff381b34f2d47b2e4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
vis½yhirBaØvtßúrwgmaM CaktþasMxan;bMputsMrab;kMeNIn . •
kgVHxatr)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú nigTinñn½yGacTukcitþ)aneFIVeGay •
RbtibtiþkarmanbnÞúkcMNayx<s;³ RbCaCnminGacbgðajBImeFüa)ay EdlBYkeKnwgsgkMcIvij)aneT ehIycMNucenHbegIánhaniP½y nigéfø \NTan ¬karR)ak;¦.karBRgwgkarRbmUlBn§ r)aykarN_Bn§ niglixitRbkasbg;Bn§ •
eFIVeGaykarkMNt;haniP½ykan;EteFVI)anRtwmRtUv b:uEnþB½t’manTaMgenH minEmnebIkcMh[RKb;GaCIvkmµenaHeT . GaCIvkmµEdleFVIkarCamYy FnaKaryUrmkehIyGacTTYl)ankMcI BIeRBaHFnaKar)andwgBI sßanPaBrbs;BYkeK .cMNayd¾x<s;edIm,ITTYl)anÉksarb½NÑkmµsiT§idI raMgsÞHdl;kar •
TTYl)an\NTan eRBaHmanFnaKarEtmYycMnYntUcEdlGacpþl;kMcI edaymankardak;dIFIøFana .BRgwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ³ ebIKµankarBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;enaHeT •
karmineCOTukcitþnwgekIneLIg . kMENlMGkarBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab; Gac kat;bnßykarykdIeFIVCavtßúFana edayykRTBüdéT mkCMnYsvij .
elak Zhang Yuyan )aneFIVkarBinitüCalkçN³tMbn;eday eRbobeFobkMeNIn nigkarGPivDÆrbs;RbeTsmYycMnYnkñúúgtMbn;. elak )anelIkeLIgfa kMeNIn pss d¾xøaMgkñúgRbeTscin )anmkBIkMENTMrg; karebIkcMhRbeTscin nigdMeNIrkarkan;Etl¥énTIpSar . elak)an sgát;F¶n;BIsar³sMxan;énsmahrNkmµkñúgtMbn; kñúgkarCMrujeGayTIpSarnanakñúgtMbn;ebIkcMhkan;EteRcIn nigmandMeNIrkarkan;EtRbesIr . elak Zhang Yuyan )anbB¢ak;fa RbeTscinsVaKmn_cMeBaHkar cUlrYmrbs;RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkarerobcMsßab½nkMrittMbn;dUcCa Gas‘an nigshRbtibtþikarkMritGnutMbn; ¬dUcCa GnutMbn;TenøemKgÁCaedIm¦ . b:uEnþedIm,ITTYl)anplRbeyaCn_BIsmahrNkmµtMbn;enH RbeTsCa smaCik KYrEtGnuvtþviFankarmYycMnYndUcteTA³
karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;GclnRTBüeGay)antwgrwg mansar³sMxan; •
Nas;sMrab;karGPivDÆTIpSar . bBaðaecaTmYyKW etIsßab½nNaTTYl xusRtUveFVIkarBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;enH .kMeNInskmµPaBtMbn;PavUbnIykmµ TMngnaMeGaymansþg;darnIykmµ •
énc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ EdlnwgCYyRTRTg;karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab; GclnRTBü .edIm,IBRgwgtYnaTIsßab½nkñúgtMbn; RbeTsTaMgGs;RtUvmansiTi§esIµKña •
ehIykic©RBmeRBognana RtUvbMerIplRbeyaCn_KñaeTAvijeTAmk . karBRgwgshRbtibtþikaresdækic©kñúgtMbn;TamTarkarGt;Fµt; eRBaH TMnak;TMngrvagRbeTscUlrYmmanPaBsµúKsµaj .
xageRkamenH CaesckþIsegçbTsSn³rYménkarGPivDÆm:aRkU esdækic© Edlelak John Nelmes )anbgðajCUnGgÁsniñsIT .
RbeTskm<úCa³ karGPivDÆm:aRkUesdækic©elak Nelmes )andkRsg;karlUtlas;esdækic©naeBlfIµ²mYycMnYn RBmTaMgelIkCaCMerIseKalneya)ayxøH² edIm,IBRgwg nigrkSakMeNIn eGay)anyUrGEgVg . Ep¥ktamTMrg;énbTbgðaj EpñkenHEckecjCa BIrPaKKW PaKTI1 bgðajBIkarlUtlas;naeBlfIµ² RBmTaMgckçúvis½y rIÉ PaKTI2 eFVIkarBicarNaBICMerIseKalneya)aymYycMnYn .
karlUtlas;naeBlfµI² nigckçúvis½ybTbgðajrbs;elak Nelmes CaTUeTAekatsresIrBIsßanPaB nigkar RKb;RKgesdækic©km<úCa . elak)anelIkeLIgfa enAqñaM2007 RbeTs km<úCamanGRtakMeNIn 9/5°. b:uEnþGRtakMeNInenH TMngFøak;cuHbnþicvij kñúgry³eBlxøIxagmux dUcmanbgðajCUnxageRkam edaysarehtupl mYycMnYn dUcCakMeNInGtiprNaCaedIm . eTaHbImaneCaKC½yl¥dUecñHkþI elak Nelmes )aneRkInrMlwkfa enAmanbBaðaRbQm nighaniP½yFM²mYycMnYn kñúgry³eBlmFümdUcCa karbnþFøak;cuHkñúgvis½ykat;edr nigkMeNInGtiprNaEdlbNþalmkBI ktþaGnþrCati . kñúgbribTEbbenH km<úCaBi)aknwgbnþTTYl)ankar lUtlas;xøaMgkøa nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkd¾eRcIn² .
kñúgGMLúgeBlenH esdækic©km<úCamanGtiprNakMritx<s;Edl qøúHbBa©aMgCasMxan; kareLIgéføeRbg nigeLIgéfømðÚbGaharGnþrCati . kar Føak;éføR)ak;duløarUS k¾CYybegáInGtiprNaEdr . mü:ageTot k¾man sBaØaxøHénsMBaFGtiprNakñúgRsukEdr EdlbgáCasMxan;edaysar kMeNIntMrUvkarkMlaMgBlkmµ .
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
RbPB³ NIS's CPI
mkra-
07
kumÖ³-0
7
mIna-0
7
emsa
-07
]sPa
-07
mifuna-
07
kkáda-
07
sIha-0
7
kBaØa-
07
tula-0
7
vicäka
-07
FñÚ-07
snÞsSn_éføTUeTA nigsnÞsSn_rg
snÞsSn_éføTUeTAmðÚbGahar
kardwkCBa¢Únkarsñak;enA¼eRbIR)as;
¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
RbPB³ NIS's CPI
0
4
8
-4
12
-4
0
4
8
12
mkra-
07kum
Ö³-07
mIna-0
7em
sa-0
7]s
Pa-0
7mif
una-07
kkáda-
07sIh
a-07
kBaØa-
07tul
a-07
vicäka
-07
FñÚ-07
mFümPaKsmtaénéføTMnijeRCIserIsmFümPaKsmtaéntMélBlkmµeRCIserIs
éføTMnijeRCIserIskñúgsnÞsSn_éføTUeTA¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
-202468
101214161820
06Q1 06Q2 06Q3 06Q4 07Q1 07Q2 07Q3 07Q4 2007 est 2008KMerag
2009KMerag
-202468101214161820
eTscrN_ nigsMNg; ksikm~kat;edr epSg²kMeNIn pss
kMeNIn pss Bit¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
RbPB³ NIS and IMF est. and proj.
KMerag IMF
9.67.2 7.0
![Page 4: ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5 TsSnavdþI ...RKb;RKgesdækic©km](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022053106/6072027ff381b34f2d47b2e4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
eTaHbICaGtiprNarMBwgfanwgfycuHkñúgqñaM2008kþI k¾haniP½y GtiprNa)anekIneLIg . haniP½yTaMgenH manRbPBcMbgmkBIxageRkA b:uEnþktþaxagkñúgk¾edIrtYnaTIsMxan;Edr .
mUlehtumYyénkMeNInsMBaFGtiprNaenHKW enAkm<úCaRbB½n§ FnaKar)anrIklUtlas;y:agxøaMg EdlnaMeGaymankMeNInrUbiyvtßú y:agxøaMgEdr . RkahiVkxageRkambgðajfa karpþl;\NTan)anekIneLIg Cab;rhUtkñúgGMLúgeBlfIµ²enH EdlCH\Ti§Bldl;GRtakMeNInrUbiyvtßú . RbsinebIKµankarTb;sáat;eT GRtaGtiprNanwgekIneLIgEfmeTot . ebIsinkMeNInrUbiyvtßúminedIrRsbekokKñanwg kMeNInBitkñúgesdækic©eT vaGacnaMeGaymankMeNInGtiprNa .
rdæaPi)alkm<úCamankMeNIncMNUlx<s; EtmankMeNIncMNayTab . CasBaØasMKal;énkMENlMGkñúgkargarRKb;RKgesdækic© elak Nelmes
)anelIkfa R)ak;cMNUlrbs;rdæekIn 22° kñúgqñaM2007 EdlbBa¢ak;fa karRbmUlBn§)aneFIVeLIgy:agl¥ . kMeNIncMNUlenH manplviC¢man cMeBaHcMNayelIehdæarcnasm<½n§ karGb;rM nigesvaEfTaMsuxPaB .
b:uEnþkarRTRTg;sßanPaBeGayenAEtl¥teTAeTot Gackan;EtlM)ak RbsinebIkMeNInfycuHkñúgry³eBlmFüm . elak)anbgðajfa kMeNIn cMNaymanGRtaTabCagkMeNIncMNUl dUecñHrdæaPi)alGacbegIán R)ak;beBaØI nigkat;bnßy»nPaB ¬RkahiVkxageRkam¦ EdlGaceFIVeGay GtiprNafycuHxøH . b:uEnþdUcmanBiPakSatameRkayeTot cMNay CamUlFnrbs;rdæaPi)alRtUvekIneLIgCasMxan; edIm,IbegáInskþanuBl énkarrIklUtlas; .
bBaðaeKalneya)ay tamry³karBinitüRtYs²BIesdækic©dUcxagelI bBaðaCMerIseKalneya)ay mYycMnYn)anpuseLIg kñúgenHmanmYycMnYn)anelIkykmkBiPakSa dUcxageRkam . edaysarehtuplmYycMnYn CaBiessedIm,IelIkkMBs;kMritCIvPaB karrkSakMeNIneGaymankMritx<s; kñúgry³eBlmFüm nigry³eBlEvg CaktþasMxan;bMput . tYelxxageRkambgðajBIR)ak;cMNUlskþanuBlkñúg mnusSmñak; edayEp¥kelIGRtakMeNInefrkñúgGMLúgeBl 22qñaMxagmux . dUcmanbgðajkñúgRkahVik bMErbMrYlGRtakMeNInEtbnþic GaceFIVeGaykMrit pss kñúgmnusSmñak;; ERbRbYlxusKñay:ageRcIn kñúgry³eBld¾xIø . PaBxusKñarvagesNarIy:UEdl)anbgðajCUn vaCab;Tak;TgCasMxan;nwg PaBxusKñarvag eKalneya)ayEdl)anGnuvtþ . cMeBaHCMerIseKal neya)aysMrab;kMeNInx<s; RbeTskm<úCaKYrGnuvtþviFankarmYycMnYn EdlkñúgenaHviFankarsMxan;²CageKmandUcxageRkam . edIm,IrkSa)anGRtakMeNInx<s; rdæaPi)alRtUvcMNayeRcInEfmeTot elIehdæarcnasm<½n§ karEfTaMsuxPaB nigGb;rM . eyagtamlkçN³pÞal; énesvakmµTaMgenH ehIynigkarraErknigkarlM)akCaTUeTArbs;vis½y ÉkCn edIm,IeFVIvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ¼sgÁmkic© rdæaPi)al RtUvedIrtYnaTIRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBkñúgvis½yTaMgenaH . RbeTskm<úCa nigRbeTsCitxag manKMlatKñay:agxøaMg eyagtamsUcnakrxag
GtiprNa¬cugRKa - bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
3.7
0.5
5.6 6.7
2.8
7.5
10.8
5.0
0
5
10
15
20
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
5
10
15
20
RbPB³ NIS's CPI and IMF's projection
IMFKMerag
rdæaPi)almCÄwm³ cMNUl nigcMNay
cMNay
cMNUl
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2004 2005 2006 2007 est0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
RbPB³ MEF and IMF (Excl. MDRI in 2006)
¬bMErbMrYlCa ° ry³1qñaM¦
¬Ca ° én pss¦rdæaPi)almCÄwm³ »nPaBsrub nighirBaØb,TankñúgRsuk
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
hirBaØb,TankñúgRsuk suT§
RbPB³ MEF and IMF (excl. MDRI in 2006)
»nPaBsrub
mkra-
07kum
Ö³-07
mIna-0
7
emsa
-07
]sPa
-07
mifuna-
07kk
áda-07
sIha-0
7kB
aØa-07
tula-0
7
vicäka
-07
FñÚ-07
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
mkra-
06mIn
a-06
]sPa
-06
kkáda-
06
kBaØa-
06
vicäka
-06
mkra-
07
mIna-0
7
]sPa
-07
kkáda-
07
kBaØa-
07
vicäka
-07
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
kMeNIn\NTan nigsnSMrbs;vis½yÉkCn
\NTanvis½yÉkCn
RbPB³ NBC's Monetary Survey
beBaØIMvis½yÉkCn
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
RbPB³ NBC's Monetary Survey
R)ak;erolkMBugcracr
ktþanaM[mankMeNInhirBaØvtßúy:agx<s;
snSMepSgeTotbeBaØICarUbiyvtßúbreTs
¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
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5
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
esdækic©¼sgÁmkic© dUcxageRkam ehIyKMlatTaMgenH RtUvEtkat;bnßy . b:uEnþedIm,IeGaymancIrPaB cMNayEbbenHRtUvEtedaHRsaytamry³ karRbwgERbgrkcMNUly:agxøaMgkøaCabnþeTot . RkahVikxageRkam bgðajBI kMeNInR)ak;cMNUlrdæaPi)almCÄwmd¾l¥mYykñúgeBlfIµ²enH b:uEnþ tYelxcugeRkay enAEtTabCagtYelxmFümsMrab;RbeTsRbhak; RbEhlKñaÉeTotenAGasIu .
edIm,IeGaymankMeNInesdækic©RbkbedaycIrPaB CakarsMxan;EdrEdl RtUvRKb;RKgGtiprNaeGay)an ehIyGtiprNakMritTabCaktþaKnøwHsMrab;kMeNIn nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . RkahVikxageRkambgðajBI cMNgTak;Tak;rvagGtiprNa nigkMeNIn pss kñúgTsvtSr_cugeRkay enH EdlCaTUeTAry³eBlmanGtiprNax<s; EtgmankMeNIn pss kMritTab ¬1995-2000¦ ehIyry³eBlmanGtiprNaTab Etgman kMeNIn pss x<s; ¬2001-2007¦ . ktþasMxan;mYyeTotEdlCYy CMrujkMeNIn KWkarRtYtBinitüvis½yFnaKary:agxøaMgkøaCabnþeTot . kMeNInlT§PaBTTYl)an\NTanú nigesvahirBaØvtßú mansar³sMxan;Nas; sMrab;esdækic©EdlkMBugrIklUtlas; . karBwgEp¥kelIesvaTaMgenH TMngCaBak;B½n§edaypÞal;eTAnwg TMnukcitþrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;eTAelI vis½yFnaKar ehIykarRtYtBinitüy:agxøaMgkøaelI esvakmµFnaKar GacCa meFüa)aymYysMrab;begáInTMnukcitþenH .
esckþIsnñidæansMrab;vKÁsarEdlpusecjBIvKÁenHKW esdækic©CaTUeTAmansßanPaBl¥ ehIy ckçúvis½yxagm:aRkUesdækic©k¾l¥RbesIrEdr . b:uEnþeyagtamkMritGPivDÆn_RbeTsy:agTab dUcbBa¢ak;eLIgedaytYelx pss kñúgmnusSmñak; yuT§saRsþedIm,IsMerckMeNInkMritx<s;KWsMxan;xøaMgNas; . edIm,IRTRTg; yuT§saRsþenH viFankarmYycMnYnRtUvGnuvtþ edIm,IkarBarsßirPaBesdækic© kMueGaymankarb:HBal;GviC¢man ehIykñúgenHRtUvsgát;F¶n;elIkar RKb;RKgGtiprNa . cMNucsMxan;mYyeTotKWRtUvFanafa kMeNIn esdækic©manlkçN³ {rab;bBa©Úl} nigpþl;plcMeNjesIµPaBKñadl;Gñk cUlrYmTaMgGs;. kñúgbribTenH bBaðaecaTxagsßab½n nigGPi)alkic© RtUvEtedaHRsayRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB . bBaðamYyEdlkm<úCakMBug RbQmmuxKW PaBRkIRkkMritx<s; nigel,Ónkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkyWt . edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmenHeGaykan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB caM)ac;RtUv eFVIeGayksikmµkan;EtmansnÞúHeLIg ehIyr)aykarN_GPivDÆn_RbcaM qñaM2007-08 e)aHBum<pSayeday CDRI
5 manpþl;B½t’manlMGitmYycMnYn
BImeFüa)ayedIm,ITTYl)aneCaKC½yenH .
kMNt;sMKal;1> GKÁelxaFikarén]tþmRkumRbwkSaesdækic©Cati nigGKÁelxaFikarén
RksYgesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú nigRbFanRkumRbwkSaPi)alén CDRI
2> tMNagmUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati (IMF) RbcaMRbeTskm<úCa 3> RbFanEpñkesvakmµhirBaØvtßúsMrab;shRKasénFnaKar ANZ Royal
4> sa®sþacarü nignaykviTüasßansikSaGasIu)a:sIuhVik bNÐitsPa viTüasa®sþsgÁmcinénsaFarNrdæRbCamanitcin
5> CDRI ¬2008¦ segçbr)aykarN_GPivDÆn_RbcaMqñaM2007-08
¬GNI Bit kñúgmñak; US$¦
0500
1000150020002500300035004000
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
05001000150020002500300035004000
IDA Threshold (kMeNIn 2%)
kMeNIn 10%
kMeNIn 7%
Gas‘an(kMeNIn 3%)
KMnUsbMRBYjKnøgkMeNIn pss Bit kñúgmnusSmñak;
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
km<úCa evotNam éf \NÐÚensIu m:aeLsIu0.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.140.16
RbPB³ CDC's Investment Guide 2006, & UNDP Human Development Report 2007-08
9.3 9.9 9.9 9.711.6 11.9
16.5
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007est 2008 KMerag LIC GasIu
rdæaPi)almCÄwm³ cMNUl
KMerag
LIC GasIu
RbPB³ MEF and IMF (excl. MDRI in 06)
mFümPaK
sUcnakrsgÁm
GRtamrNPaBkumar ¬1000nak;¦GRtaGkçkmµmnusScas; ¬°¦
dg;suIetpÚøvlM ¬K>m¼K>m2 ¬elxxagsþaM°¦¦
¬Ca ° én pss¦
6.43.6
7.29.6
1995-2000 2001-2007
GtiprNaCamFümkMeNIn pss BitCamFüm
GtiprNa nigkMeNIn pss Bit¬Ca °¦
RbPB³ NIS (and IMF est for 2007)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300epSgeTotGclnvtßú nigpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³BaNiC¢kmµplitkmµesvakmµ
RbPB³ NBC's Economic & Monetary Statistics
\NTancab;epþImGaCIvkmµ¬bMErbMrYlCa ° kñúgry³1qñaM¦
mkra-
07
kumÖ³-0
7
mIna-0
7
emsa
-07
]sPa
-07
mifuna-
07
kkáda-
07
sIha-0
7
kBaØa-
07
tula-0
7
vicäka
-07
FñÚ-07
![Page 6: ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5 TsSnavdþI ...RKb;RKgesdækic©km](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022053106/6072027ff381b34f2d47b2e4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
karTajplRbeyaCn_[)anRbesIr bMputBIFnFanFmµCatienAkm<úCa³ éRBeQI Clpl Er:
* bNÐit Brett M. Ballard KWCaTIRbwkSaRsavRCavCan;x<s;énviTüasßan CDRI
bNÐit Brett M. Ballard segçbBIxøwmsarsMxan;²énbTbgðajTaMg4
kñúgvKÁTI2 énsnñisITckçúvis½yqñaM2008 ehIyniglT§plénkar
BiPakSaCabnþmkeTot . *
kñúgsunÞrkfaebIksnñisIT semþcnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )ankt;sMKal;fa
PaBsMbUrFnFanFmµCati KWCapøÚveq<aHeTArkkarGPivDÆ karrIklUtlas;
nigvibulPaB bu:EnþkareFVIeGayFnFankøayCaBrC½yKWCabBaðaRbQm
mYy . semþc)anbnþeTotfa km<úCa)anemIleXIjbBaðamYycMnYn Tak;Tg
nwgkareRbIR)as; karRKb;RKgdIFøI éRBeQI nigClpl ehIykareRbIR)as;
dIminGs;lT§PaB karkab;T®nÞanéRBeQIykdI nigTMnas;elIkarkan;kab;
dIFøInigFnFanFmµCati enAEtCabBaðaRbQmsMrab;rdæaPi)al . semþc)an
bBa¢ak;fa karrkeXIjeRbgkatnig]sµ½nFmµCati )aneFIVeGaymankar
CECkedjedalelIkarRKb;RKgcMNUlBIFnFanTaMgenH b:uEnþbBaðacMbg
bMputrbs;km<úCakñúgry³eBlmFüm KW etIeRbgkat nigcMNUlepSg²
GacCMrujeGaymancMruHkmµesdækic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkkan;Et
eRcIn rWy:agNa .
esckþIepþIm³ sarKnøwHvaKµinTaMg 4 kñúgvKÁenH )anbBa¢ak;eLIgvijBIbBaðaCaeRcInTak;Tgnwg
Clpl nigéRBeQI EdleK)andwgCaTUeTAehIy . éRBeQI nigClpl
KWCaFnFanFmµCatid¾sMxan;sMrab;km<úCa . va)ancUlrYmy:ageRcInkñúgxÞg;
ksikmµén pss CYybegáItkargar nigpþl;es,ógGahar nigGus-FüÚg
sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCaPaKeRcIn . eTaHbICamanRkbxNÐc,ab; nig
eKalneya)aysMrab;karBarFnFanéRBeQInigClplkþI b:uEnþkMeNIn
RbCaCn kareRbIR)as;y:ageRcInnUv rebobxusc,ab;edIm,IRbmUlykpl
BIFnFanFmµCati nigkardak;Gnuvtþc,ab;enAexSay )aneFVIeGayvtþman
niglT§PaBeRbIR)as;FnFanFmµCati Føak;cuHy:agelOn . rebobGnuvtþ
EbbenH )anecaTbBaðay:ageRcIndl;karRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCatieGay
manRbsiT§PaBedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .
rdæaPi)aldwgc,as;fa FnFanFmµCatiedIrtYnaTIsMxan;Nas;
eRBaHvaCaRbPBcMNUlcMbg sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCarab;lannak;enAtamCn
bT ehIy)ancat;TukkarRKb;RKgFnFanensaT nigéRBeQIRbkbeday
RbsiT§PaB CaktþacMbgmYysMrab;karGPivDÆesdækic©-sgÁmkic© nigkar
kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk dUcmanEcgkñúgyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆctuekaN én
EpnkaryuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_CatiqñaM2006-2010 ¬raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa
2006¦ . eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa EdlpSBVpSayeday
RksYgEpnkar )anbBa¢ak;c,as;fa RbsinebIGacbBaÄb;karxUcxatFnFan
FmµCati)an eKaledACaTUeTAénkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk KWGacsMerc)an
y:aggay . vaKµinTaMg 4 yl;Rsbfa kic©xMRbwgERbgrYmKñaKYrEteFVIeLIg
edIm,IEkERbninñakarfycuH¼xUcxatFnFanFmµCati eGayeTACakarrIk
lUtlas;FnFanenHvij edIm,Ipþl;plRbeyaCn_CaGtibrmadl;RbCaCn
RkIRkenACnbT . rIÉFnFanensaTk¾dUcKñaEdr ebIsinmankarRKb;RKg
y:agRtwmRtUv vaGacrYmcMENk)aneRcInEfmeTotdl;karkat;bnßy
PaBRkIRk .
vaKµink¾)ansegáteXIjfa TidæPaBmYycMnYnénkMENTMrg;eKal
neya)ay dUcCa kardkhUtykdIéRBmkvij kardak;bMramkab;éRBeQI
nigkarbegáItshKmn_éRBeQInigensaT KWkMBugGnuvtþehIynabc©úb,nñ .
bu:Enþkardak;Gnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØatimanRsab; rYmTaMgkarkarBar nig
dak;Bin½ycMeBaHkarensaT nigkab;éRBeQIxusc,ab; enAEtecaTbBaða
xøaMg . karT®nÞanykdI karEkERbdIéRB karrMelaPykdIIi nigTMnas;dIFøI
)anekIneLIg rYmTaMgenAtMbn;karBar . rebobrbbGnuvtþmYycMnYn dUcCa
karykeQIeFVIGus-FüÚg nigsMNg; k¾Ca]bsKÁFMmYydl;karGPirkSEdr .
sm,TandIesdækic© ¬ELCs¦ min)anCMrujkarGPirkS nigkar
RKb;RKgFnFan[)anskþisiT§ienaHeT BIeRBaHva)anrwtbnþwgkareRbIR)as;
dIRbkbedaypliPaB nigkøayCaExlkarBarkarkab;éRBeQIxusc,ab; .
vaKµin 2rUb )anelIkmtifa ELCs KYrBicarNaeLIgvijBIbBaðasm,TandI
esdækic© nigehIykñúgkrNIxøHKYrbBa©b;vaEtmþg .
karRsavRCavrbs;viTüasßan CDRI nigkarsikSamYycMnYneTot )an
bgðajfa plRbeyaCn_énGaCIvkmµelIFnFanFmµCati BMu)anEbgEckeTA
dl;RbCaCnPaBesµIKñal¥eT b:uEnþ)anbegáInvismPaBxagesdækic© nigkar
RbmUlpþúMRTBüsm,tþieTAkñúgédGñkFYrFar nigGñkmanGMNac . esdækic©
neya)ayén kareFVIGaCIvkmµFnFanFmµCati TamTarkarRsavRCav
bEnßmeTot .
karrIklUtlas; nigGaTiPaBÉk]tþm c½nÞ tugGuIv rdæelxaFikarRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
¬MAFF¦ )ankt;sMKal;fa ClplCaFnFancMbgmYy nigCaRbPB
es,ógGahard¾sMxan;sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCa . m:üageTot 24>9° én pss
xagksikmµ KW)anmkBIClpl . ensaTbMerItMrUvkares,ógeGayRbCaCn
6lannak; nigbegáItkargarCaeRcIn . RbCaCnkm<úCaRbmaN 45° Bwg
Ep¥kelIkarensaTkñúgrUbPaBNamYy . rdæaPi)al)aneCOnelOny:ag
eRcInkñúgkarEfrkSasþúkRtI tamry³karbegáItshKmn_ensaT .
Ék]tþm c½nÞ tugGIuv )ankt;sMKal;eTotfa eKalneya)ay
Tak;TgnwgkarRKb;RKgFnFanClpl nigéRBeQI KWmaneRscehIy .
vis½yéRBeQItMNageGay 7° én pss dUecñHkarkab;éRBeQI nwg
CH\T§iBldl;cMENkéRBeQI kñúg pss . nabc©úb,nñ mankardak;viFankar
mYycMnYnedIm,ITb;sáat;karkab; nigkarbMpøajéRBeQIxusc,ab; rYmTaMg
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7
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
kareRbI]bkrN_xusc,ab;pgEdr . sBVéf¶rdæaPi)alkMBugdkhUtyk
éRBeQImkvij nigdak;éRBmYycMnYnCaéRBbMrugTuk . RbeTskm<úCa
)ancUlrYmkñúg GgÁkaréRBeQIGnþrCatiCaeRcIn . KN³kmµaFikarshKmn_
éRBeQICaeRcInk¾)anbegáIteLIgEdr edIm,ICYyRKb;RKgFnFanéRBeQI .
bNÐit tub ent énviTüasßan CDRI )anelIkfa karBwgEp¥kelI
FnFanFmµCati KWCalkçN³sMKal;d¾;sMxan;mYyrbs; RbCaCnenAtam
CnbT ehIykarbBaÄb;karbMpøicbMpøajFnFanFmµCatiKWcaM)ac;xøaMgNas;
edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . RbCaCnkm<úCaCag 80° rs;enAtamtMbn;
CnbT . BYkeKPaKeRcInCaksikr ehIyBwgGaRs½yelIplitplensaT
nigéRBeQI edIm,IRTRTg;CIvPaB . Éksare)aHBum<pSaymYyrbs; UNDP
¬2007¦ )anraykarN_fa sMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCa RtI nig plitplRtI
rYmcMENkdl;eTA 75° énkarhUbRbUetGuInsrubBIRbPBstV ehIy
RbCaCnCag 1lannak; sBVéf¶rkciBa©wmCIvitedaykarensaT .
CMerOnRbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTsqñaM1998 )anbgðajfa RbmaN 92°
énRbCaCnsrubBwgGaRs½yelIGus-FüÚgedIm,IcMGinGahar1 . GnupléRB
eQIk¾CaRbPBd¾sMxan;mYyénes,óg nigR)ak;cMNUlsMrab;RKYsarCaeRcIn
enACnbT . ]TahrN_ karsikSafµImYy (Hansen and Neth 2006) elI
502RKYsar kñúg 16PUmi enAextþkMBg;FM eBaF×sat; mNÐlKIrI nigRkecH )an
rkeXIjfa RKYsarRkIRkrk)anBI
éRBCamFüm 42° ¬280duløar¦
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mancMNUlmFümrk)an 30°
¬345duløar¦ .
épÞdIéRBeQIenAkm<úCa )an
fycuH 2/6lan h>t kñúgGMLúg
eBl 30qñaM ¬1970-2002¦ rWesµInwgkar)at;bg;RbcaMqñaM 81>000h>t
¬CMDGs 2005¦ . bnÞab;BIkarlubecalsm,TanéRBeQI EdltMNag
[Cag 50° énépÞdIsßiteRkamrbbsm,Tan nigkarp¥akkarkab;eQIcab;
BIqñaM2002 mk karkab;eQIRTg;RTayFM )anfycuHKYreGaykt;sMKal; .
b:uEnþkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;enAEtCakþI)armÖ enAtamtMbn;CaeRcInkñúgRbeTs
km<úCa . mü:ageTot kMeNInRbCaCnenACnbT karTRnÞanykdI nigkar
rMelaPykdI )ankøayCakarKMramkMEhgd¾FMmYy . dIéRBkan;EteRcInRtUv
)anEkERbeTAbMerItMrUvkarepSg² dUcCa kardaMsVaycnÞI dMLÚgeQI
sENþkesog eBat nigekAs‘U ehIykarykeQIeFVIGus-FüÚg Kµanfy
cuHeT . kareLIgéfødI k¾CMruj[mankarkab;qáaréRBykdIkan;EteRcIn
ehIyTMnas;elIkarkan;kab;dIk¾puseLIgenAtamtMbn;CaeRcIn .
RbPBmYyeToténkar)at;bg; éRBeQI KWkarpþl;sm,TandIesdækic© .
enAExkumÖ³ 2007 dIsßiteRkamrbb sm,TandIesdækic© man 0>94lan
h>t edaymankarcuHkic©RBmeRBogCamYy 57Rkumh‘un (MAFF 2007) .
bu:EnþenAcugqñaM2005 épÞdIEdlRkumh‘un)andaMduHehIy manEt 1>8° én
épÞdIsm,Tansrub (UNDP 2007) . viPaKsegçbmYyeFVIeLIgeday
viTüasßan CDRI elIdIsm,Tan 8kEnøg edayeFobnwgKMrbéRBeQI
enAqñaM1997 bgðajfa 70° énépÞdIrbs;BYkeK KWCaéRB (Hansen and
Neth 2006) . r)aykarN_ UNDP ¬2007¦ )anbBa¢ak;fa dImYycMnYn
kñúgKMeragenH kMBugEteRbIR)as;sMrab;kab;ykeQIlk; . sm,Tan
dIesdækic© min)an bMerIdl;karGPirkSeT . manEt 2° énépÞdIb:ueNÑaH
EdlmankardaMduH ehIykarkab;eQIedayxusc,ab;enAEtbnþ .
karsikSarbs;viTüasßan CDRI elIkarvaytMélPaBRkIRkedayman
karcUlrYmenAtMbn;Tenøsab )anrkeXIjfa karFøak;cuHFnFanClpl
ekItmanenAkñúgPUmiensaT)anGegátTaMg 5 ¬ERBkRsemac nigRTay
enAextþesomrab édrnat enAextþeBaF×sat; ekaHtaeBA nigeBRCcRkI
enAextþkMBg;FM¦ . UNDP ¬2007¦ k¾)anraykarN_Edrfa sþúkRtITwksab
EdlGñkensaTtUctacGaceTAensaT)an KW)anFøak;cuHCabnþbnÞab; .
CncMNakRsukkan;EteRcIncUleTAkñúgtMbn;ensaT nigkarxUcxat
RbB½n§eGkULÚsuI )aneFIVeGayFnFanClpl Føak;cuHkñúgb:unµanqñaMknøgeTA
enH . karkab;bMpøajéRBeQIRTg;RTayFMkñúgEdnrgTwkePøógénsÞwg-Tenø
nana )aneFVI[ERbRbYllMhUrTwk nigKuNPaBTwkenAExSTwkxageRkam
Edlb:HBal;dl;karBgkUnrbs;RtI nigsþúkRtI . mü:ageTot éRBlicTwk
enACuMvijbwgTenøsabkMBugrgkarkab;bMpøaj ehIy)anb:HBal;GviC¢man
dl;tMbn;RtIBgkUnd¾sMxan;²CaeRcIn . GñkensaTtUctacCaeRcIn)an
eFVIensaTedayxusc,ab; nigeRbI
rebobensaT Edlb:HBal;dl;
RbB½n§eGkULÚsuI dUcCa kareRbI
eRKOgpÞúH nig]bkrN_qk;RtI
edIm,Icab;RtICaedIm . GñkensaT
TaMgGs; hak;dUcBüayamcab;RtI
[Et)aneRcInbMput edayBMuKitKUr
BIGnaKtyUrGEgVgénkarensaTRtIkñúgtMbn;nImYy²enaHeT .
elak Qit sMGat naykRbtibtþiénevTikaGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al
sþIBIkm<úCa )ankt;sMKal;fa sgÁmsuIvi;l )ancab;GarmµN_kan;EteRcIneLIg
ehIyelIkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati . elak)anelIkBI eRKaHfñak;én
kareFVIGaCIvkmµ KµankarRKb;RKg nigkarEbgEckplRbeyaCn_minesµI PaB
Kña rYmTaMgbBaðacMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg)anmkBIvis½yéRBeQIsMrab;fvikaCati .
elakk¾)anbBa¢ak;BIsar³sMxan;énkarføwgEføg[mantulüPaBrvagsm,Tan
dIesdækic© ehIynigtMrUvkarkarBarbrisßan nigkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .
nabc©úb,nñ karvaytMélBIplb:HBal;elIbrisßan enAxVHxatenAeLIy
ehIymeFüa)ayk¾xVHxatEdredIm,IedaHRsaybNþwgtv:asþIBIplb:HBal;
GviC¢manénsm,TandIesdækic© eTAelICIvPaBrs;enAkñúgmUldæan RBmTaMg
karrs;enArbs;CnCatiPaKtic . kMENTMrg;fµI² kñúgvis½yClplTTYl)an
karKaMRTeRcIn b:uEnþkarGnuvtþCak;EsþgenAEtecaTbBaða BIeRBaHkarBRgwg
Gnuvtþc,ab; manTMenarGnueRKaHdl;GñkensaTRTg;RTayFM .
bBaðaRbQmcMbg²Ék]tþm c½nÞ tugGIuv )anelIkfa karbnþeRbIR)as;eQIedIm,Isagsg;pÞH
karkab;bMpøajéRBeQIRTg;RTayFMkñúgEdnrgTwkePøógén
sÞwg-Tenønana )aneFVI[ERbRbYllMhUrTwk nigKuNPaBTwkenA
ExSTwkxageRkam Edlb:HBal;dl;karBgkUnrbs;RtI nigsþúkRtI .
mü:ageTot éRBlicTwk enACuMvijbwgTenøsabkMBugrgkarkab;bMpøaj
ehIy)anb:HBal;GviC¢mandl;tMbn;RtIBgkUnd¾sMxan;²CaeRcIn .
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TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
mann½yfa tMrUvkarFnFanéRBeQI enAEtmankMritx<s; . km<úCaman
c,ab;CaeRscehIy b:uEnþkaryl;dwg nigkarGnuvtþenAexSayenAeLIy .
bBaðaRbQm manCaGaTi karT®nÞanykdIéRB karkab;bMpøajéRBeQI
karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab;exSay nigsmtßPaBmankMriténm®nþIéRBeQItam
mUldæan . karelIksÞÜyplitpléRBeQIedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk
k¾CatMrUvkarmYyEdr . RbCaCnFmµtaRtUvkarmanlT§PaB nigsuvtßiPaB
RKb;RKan;kñúgkareRbIR)as;éRBeQI . bBaðaéRBeQIKYrEtdak;bBa©Úlkñúg
EpnkarGPivDÆn_ ehIykarRKb;RKgéRBeQIk¾RtUvmantmøaPaBpgEdr .
karFøak;cuHsþúkRtIFmµCati vaCab;Tak;Tgnwgkar)at;bg;éRBlicTwk
karensaThYskMrit kMeNInRbCaCn nigkareRbIR)as;]bkrN_ensaT
TMenIbnigxusc,ab; . FnFanTwk)anfycuH CaBiessTwkCMnn;TenøemKgÁ
Edlb:HBal;dl;KuNPaB nigbrimaNRtI . dUecñHRtUvEtBRgwgGnuvtþ
c,ab;eGayxøaMgeLIgeTot edIm,IkarBarsþúkRtIFmµCati nigbBaÄb;kar
ensaTxusc,ab; . plb:HBal;énTMnb;varIGKÁisnIelIKuNPaBTwkén
tMbn;ExSTwkxageRkam k¾Cakar)armÖd¾FMmYyEdr .
elak Lay XIm mkBI UNDP )anelIkeLIgBIcMNucsMxan;mYy
Bak;B½n§nwgviFIvas;EvgtMélFnFanFmµCati ¬mUlFnFnFanFmµCati¦ nig
CaBiesstMél)at;bg;FnFanKittam pss nigRbB½n§KNenyüCati .
FnFanFmµCati k¾Ca RTBüskmµmUlFn Edr b:uEnþBMumanbgðajenAkñúg
KNenyüCatieT rYmTaMgkar)at;bg;rbs;vapg . bBaðaenHnaM[Gñk
eFVIEpnkarmin)andwgc,as;BItMélesdækic©BitR)akd nigGRtaénkar
xUcxatéRBeQI . edIm,IbBaÄb;karhinehacFnFanenH R)ak;cMNUl
TTYl)anKYrEtRKb;RKg nigEckcayy:agRby½tñRbEygbMput ehIyyk
eTAeRbIR)as;edIm,I begáItmUlFnkñúgTMrg;epSgeTot edIm,IkuM[RtUvBwgEp¥k
Canic©CakaleTAelIFnFanEdlkMBugfycuH nigmankartv:aenH.
nabc©úb,nñ R)ak;cMnUlEdlrdæaPi)alTTYl)anBIkareFVIGaCIvkmµéRBeQI
vamanmineRcIneT nigmantmøaPaBtictYceBk kñúgEbbbTRbmUlvamk
nigykvaeTAcMNay.
elak Lay XIm k¾)ansegáteXIjfa RbeTsRkIRkmanTMenarBwg
Ep¥kelIFnFanFmµCati sMrab;karGPivDÆesdækic©-sgÁmkic© rIÉRbeTs
GPivDÆx<s;CagenaH EtgBwgEp¥keRcInCageTAelImUlFnEbbGrUbI .
FnFanFmµCatik¾Bi)aksþar[l¥eLIgvijEdr³ kalNava)at;bg;ehIy
vanwg)at;bg;rhUt . vaKµin)anpþl;mtifa eKcaM)ac;RtUvEbrecjBIkarBwg
GaRs½yelIFnFanFmµCati mkBwgEp¥kelIRTBüskmµGrUbI dUcCa GPi)al
kic©l¥ FnFanmnusS nigkMritCMnajkargar CaedIm . bc©úb,nñenHva
CaerOgsMxan;Nas;EdlRtUvEbgEckcMNUl)anmkBIFnFanFmµCati yk
eTAGPivDÆmUlFnepSg²eTot .
elak tub ent )anbgðajfa vaCaGaTiPaBx<s;bMputmYyEdlRtUv
Fana[man karRKb;RKgRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBelIEdnensaTshKn_
nigéRBeQIshKmn_ . karensaTCaeRcIneRbIR)as;meFüa)ayxusc,ab;
dUcCa eRKOgpÞúH nig ]bkrN_qk;RtICaedIm . TegVIenHnaMeGaysþúkRtI
FmµCatiFøak;cuHy:agxøaMg . dUecñHRtUvmankarRbwgERbgrYmKña edIm,IRbyuT§
RbqaMgnwgkarensaTxusc,ab; . mü:ageTot RtUveFVIkarvaytMélBI
karensaTRtIEdlGnuvtþ)anyUrGEgVg nigRtUvrkSabrimaNRtIcab;)an[
sßitenARtwmkMritmYyEdlmancIrPaB .
karBRgIképÞdIsßiteRkamrbbéRBeQIshKmn_ ¬CF¦ nigkMENlMG
karRKb;RKg KWCaviFIsa®sþmYyd¾l¥ edIm,I[mankarcUlrYmRKb;RKgéRBeQI
karFanaBICIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCnRkIRkEdlBwgGaRs½yelIéRBeQI
nigkarsMerc)ankareRbIR)as;mancIrPaBnUvFnFanéRBeQI . mkdl;qñaM
2007 épÞdIsßiteRkamrbbéRBeQIshKmn_ manRbEhl 0/18lan
h>t ¬264 shKmn_¦ rWesµInwg 1/6° énépÞdIéRBeQIsrub . KYrkt;
sMKal;fa éRBeQIshKmn_PaKeRcInsßitkñúgtMbn;éRBeQIxUcKuNPaB .
RbsinebIcg;[shKmn_éRBeQIGacrs;ran edayxøÜnÉg)an rdæaPi)alKYr
EtélEckéRBeQIEdlmantMélCagenH eTA[KMeragéRBeQIshKmn_ .
sBVéf¶sm,TandIesdækic©mYycMnYn kMBugEteRbIR)as;edIm,Ikab;yk
eQI . dUecñHeKcaM)ac;;RtUvesIerIBinitünUv kic©RBmeRBogEdlmanRsab;nana
ehIyGacbBa©b;sm,TanNaEdlbMBankic©RBmeRBog . enAeBlesIerI
BinitüeLIgvijenH KYrykcitþTukdak;eRcInEfmeTotelIplRbeyaCn_
Edl)andl;RbCaCnmUldæan nigtMélxUtxatFnFanFmµCati .
karBRgwgkic©karBaréRBeQI nigkarelIkkMBs;kargarGPirkS
k¾sMxan;Nas;Edr . enAqñaM1993 mankarkMNt;tMbn;éRBkarBarcMnYn
23 enAkm<úCa EdlRKbdNþb;elIépÞdICag 3/13lan h>t . bu:EnþenAEt
manr)aykarN_BIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarrMelaPykdI kñúgtMbn;
karBarmYycMnYn . dUecñH kardak;Gnuvtþn_c,ab; nigskmµPaBRbyuT§RbqaMg
nwgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarrMelaPykdI KWcaM)ac;bMput .
elak Qit sMGat )anGMBavnav[mankaresIerIBinitüsm,TandI
esdækic©eLIgvij nigmantmøaPaB eRcInEfmeTotTak;TgnwgcMNUl
rbs;rdæaPi)alEdl)anmkBIéRBeQI nigFnFanFmµCatiepSgeTot nig
kareRbIR)as;cMNUlTaMgenH . eKalneya)ay nigc,ab;nanaeTaHbIl¥
y:agNakþI k¾minEmncb;RtwmGnumtiecjmkenaHeT . kargarsMxan;bMput
KWFana[mankarRbtibtþitam karBRgwgGnuvtþc,ab; nigdak;eTasT½NÐ[
)ansmRsb . ktþaKnøwHmYykñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati KWGaCJaFr
mUldæanKYremIl[eXIjnUv plRbeyaCn_)anBIkareRbIR)as;FnFan
FmµCati . edIm,IRKb;RKgFnFaneRbgkat nig]sµ½n [manRbsiT§PaB
kardak;GnuvtþCamunnUv Rkbx½NÐKNenyüPaBmYy KWmansar³sMxan;
Nas; . mü:ageTotk¾RtUvman tmøaPaBelIcMNUl-cMNayCab;Tak;Tg
nwgFnFaneRbgkat nig]sµ½nFmµCatiEdr .
kMNt;sMKal;1> eBlenHtYelxGaccuHTabbnþicvijedaysarman]sµ½nnaMcUl b:uEnþkar
BwgEp¥kelIGus-FüÚgenAEtmankMritx<s; edaysarkareLIgéfø]sµ½n .
ÉksareyagsUmemIlÉksareyagkñúgGtßbTPasaGg;eKøs
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9
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
elak c½nÞ supl eFVIkarsegçbBIbTbgðajvkñúgKÁTI3 énsnñisIT
ckçúvis½yqñaM2008 nigRbemIlemIlBIkarrIkcMerInénCMnaj pÁÚpÁg
eTAnwgtMrUvkarTIpSar
RbFanbTvKÁTIbIénsniñsITckçúvis½y KWFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa .
EpñkenHdwknaM nigsMrbsMrYleday elakCMTavbNÐit Guwg knßapavI
rdæm®nþIRksYgkic©karnarI . Ék]tþm eBC esaP½n rdæelxaFikar
RksYgkargar nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ )aneFIVbTbgðajBI {kareqøIytbnwg
tMrUvkarTIpSarBlkmµEdlERbRbYlcuHeLIg}. bnÞab;mk elakbNÐit
Ca san c½nÞfn saklviTüaFikarénsaklviTüal½ybBaØasaRsþ eFVIkar
bkRsayBI {karGb;rMmanKuNPaBx<s; nigGnaKtRbeTskm<úCa} .
elakRsI Sandra D’Amico naykRKb;RKgRkumh‘un H.R. Inc. )aneFIV
bTbgðajBI {etIvis½yÉkCnRtUvkarGIVxøH} . enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH
elak c½nÞ supl GñkRKb;RKgRsavRCavCan;x<s; vbsG-CDRI )aneFVI
bTbgðajBI {bBaðaRbQmxageKalneya)ayTIpSarBlkmµ} . esckþI
segçbxageRkamenHbgðajBIcMNucnanaEdl)anelIkmkBiPakSa .
sarsMxan;²
RbeTskm<úCa RbQmnwgbBaðaFM²CaeRcInTak;TgnwgkarGPivDÆmUlFn
mnusS nigkMlaMgBlkmµmanCMnaj . bBaðamanCaGaTi plitPaBTab
nigyuvCnGt;kargareFVId¾eRcInrYmTaMgkñúgcMeNamnisSitbBa©b;]tþmsikSa
eTotpg . RbCaBlrdæPaKeRcInrs;enACnbTdac;Rsyal nigRkIRk
ehIyBlkrenACnbTPaKeRcInRtUvkarEtCMnajmUldæanb:ueNÑaH b:uEnþ
enAtamTIRkugmantMrUvkarCMnajx<s;CagenHmYycMnYntUc . vaKµinCaeRcIn
)ansgát;F¶n;BItMrUvkarQaneTAkan;esdækic©Ep¥kelICMnaj CaCagesdækic©
Ep¥kelIFnFan .
karpÁÚpÁgCMnajeTAnwgtMrUvkar mankareCOnelOnxøH²ehIy
CaBiesstamry³karksagRkbx½NÐGb;rM nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³nig
bec©keTsCati ¬Technical and Vocational Education and
Training: TVET¦ nigkarGnumtieRbIsþg;darCMnajEp¥kelIsmtßPaB .
karpÁÚpÁgkargarEdleFVIeLIgtamry³mCÄmNÐlkargar nigTIPñak;gar
CatirkkargareGayeFVI k¾CaEpñkmYyénviFIsaRsþenHEdr . b:uEnþ
karbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³Edlpþl;edayrdæ vis½yÉkCn nignieyaCk
enAmankMrit ehIyk¾minsUvRsbtamtMrUvkarrbs;nieyaCkeT .
tYy:agCak;Esþg sisSPaKeRcIneronviTüasa®sþsgÁm minEmneron
bec©kviTüa rWvisVkmµeT .
cMnYnGñkpÁt;pÁg;esvaGb;rMkMrit]tþmsikSa )anekIneLIgeRcIn
Nas; b:uEnþKuNPaBGb;rMenAEtCabBaðaKYr)armÖdEdl . CMhansMxan;²
mandUcCa karkMNt;kMritsikSaRtUvmanedIm,I)ancUleron karbegIát
TIPñak;garpþl;karTTYlsÁal; nigkardak;GnuvtþqñaMTImYysþg;darenA]tþm
sikSaedIm,Ipþl;CMnajmUldæan . nisSitPaKeRcInEdlbBa©b;]tþmsikSa
enAEtKµanCMnajRKb;RKan;rWsmRsbeT dUecñHk¾puseLIgnUvkgVHxat
GñkmansmtßPaB nigtMrUvkarvKÁsikSaxagEpñkkargarsgÁmkic© .
mü:ageTot k¾mankgVHxatCMnajTUeTAmYycMnYnEdlnieyaCkkMBugRtUvkar
dUcCa CMnajviPaKBicarNa CMnajsresr nigCMnajdwknaM CaedIm .
nieyaCklM)akeRcInNas;kñúgkareRCIserIsbuKÁlikEdl smRsb
ehIybBa¢ak;BIkarxkcitþcMeBaHkMritCMnajTab smtßPaBtictYc
karTamTarminR)akdniym nigkgVHxatCaTUeTAnUvlkçN³eRtomxøÜn
GaceFVIkar)anrbs;nisiStbBa©b;]tþmsikSa . bc©úb,nñ karbBa¢ak;TTYl
sÁal;nUvCMnaj¼bTBiesaFn_ CacMNucxVHxatmYyFMNas; ehIyBYkyuvCn
k¾RtUvyl;dwgeGay)anc,as;EfmeTotBITIpSarBlkmµ nigCMnajRtUvman
edIm,ITTYl)ankargar nigrkSakargarenaH)an . kgVHGñkmanCMnaj
eFVIeGaymankMeNInebovtSr_ nigkarpøas;bþÚrbuKÁlikjwkjab; edayBYkeK
EsVgrkR)ak;eborvtSr_x<s; niglkçx½NÐkargarl¥EfmeTot .
cMeBaHbBaðaTIpSarBlkmµCaTUeTA nigyuvCnGt;kargareFVI
eK)anelIkeLIgnUvviFIsa®sþBIr³ 1-begIántMrUvkarCMnajmUldæaneday
EklMGsnþisuxes,óg nigbMeBjtMrUvkarcaM)ac;nanarbs;GñkRkIRk
enACnbT tamry³kardkykdIksikmµ ¬rYmTaMgdIenAkñúgsm,TandI
esdækic©pg¦ mkbMerIskmµPaBbgábegáInplvij nig 2-kat;bnßybnÞúk
cMNaayBak;B½n§nwgkareFIVcMNakRsukeTAbreTs nigbegáItynþkarkarBar
xagsgÁmkic© edIm,ITTYl)anplcMeNjeRcInbMputBIkargarTaMgenaH .
bTbgðaj nigkarBiPakSa
enAeBlGRtakMeNInRbCaCnsrub )anfycuHmkRtwm 1/96°¼qñaM kñúg
b:unµanqñaMenH RkumyuvCnkñúgGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anekIneLIgtamGRta
3/2° . RbCaCnRbEhl 250>000nak; )ancUlbEnßmkñúgkMlaMg
BlkmµCaerogral;qñaM . enAqñaM2004 GRtayuvCnGt;kargareFVI ¬GñkGt;
eFIVkar EtGaceFIVkargar)an¦ enAPñMeBj KW 20/1° EdlCacMnYnmYy
KYreGay)armÖ . GRtaGt;kargareFVI kñúgRkumyuvCnGayu 15-19qñaM
man 27/8° nigkñúgRkumGayu20-24qñaM man 16/6° .
kMeNInyuvCnEdlRtUvkar»kaskargar nigCMnajsmRsb KWCabBaða
RtUvRbQmteTAeTot .
GRtayuvCnGt;kargareFVIkMritx<s;EbbenH GacbNþalmkBI
»kaskargarminRKb;RKan; eFobnwgkMeNInkMlaMgBlkmµ . »kaskargar
mankMritkMNt; CaBiesskñúgvis½yksikmµ . b:uEnþenAcMeBaHmuxtMrUvkar
karTajRbeyaCn_[)anRbesrIbMput BIFnFanmnusSRbeTskm<úCa
* elak c½nÞ supl KWCaGñkRKb;RKgRsavRCavCanx<s;Epñkesdækic© BaNiC¢kmµ
nigshRbtibtþiGnþrCati énviTüasßan CDRI
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10
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
kargard¾eRcIndUcsBVéf¶ GñkvinieyaK nigGñkCMnYj enAEtt¥ÚjEt¥rBI
kgVHxatCMnajEdlBYkeKRtUvkar . esvakmµbNþúHbNþal nigGb;rM
enATn;exSayenAeLIy ehIyyuvCnCaeRcInminGaceTAcUlrYmkñúgkar
bNþúHbNþal)aneT eRBaHmantMrUvkarcMbgkñúgry³eBlxøIedIm,Irk)an
es,ógGahar nigvtßúcaM)ac;epSg²eTot .
karbegIátkargarminRKb;RKan; GacbNþalmkBIbriyakas
vinieyaKTunminGMeNayplkalBImun eTaHbInaeBlsBVéf¶mankar
RbwgERbgCaeRcInedIm,IEklMGvakþI . enACnbTmankgVHxatkargar
y:agF¶n;F¶r EdlnaMeGayRbCaBlrdæCaeRcIneFIVcMNakRsukeTATIRkug
rWRbeTsepSgeTot CaBiessRbeTséf . km<úCamaneKalneya)ay
cMrUgcMrasmYysMedArkSaTukéRBeQIdl; 60° énépÞdIkñúgRbeTs .
sMnYrmYy)anecaTeLIgfa etIerOgenHR)akdniymEdrrWeT enAeBl
RbCaCnCaeRcInenACnbTRtUvkarciBa©wmCIvit ehIyéRBeQICaeRcInRtUv
xUcxatrYceTAehIyenaH . vamankaredaHdUrKñarvagdIéRBeQI nig
dIksikmµ . enAeRkameKalneya)ayrkSaTuképÞdIéRB 60° dICaeRcIn
Edl)an)at;bg;éRBeQIeTAehIy enAEtmansßanPaBminc,as;las;
ehIydITaMgenaHmin)aneRbIR)as;eGaymanplitPaBeT EdlnaMeGay
xatbg;dl;skþanuBlplitkmµ nig»kaskargar .
RsbCamYyKñaenH karTajykplcMeNjBIcMNakRsuk
BlkrqøgEdn )anCYb]bsKÁF¶n;F¶r . cMNayedIm,IeTAeFIVkareday
Rsbc,ab;enAéf vax<s;hYseBk dl;eTA 600-700duløarkñúgmnusSmñak;
ehIyRtUvrg;caMBI 3-6Ex rIÉkareFIVcMNakRsukminRsbc,ab;Gs;cMNay
Et 100duløar nigRtUvrg;caMEt 3éf¶ . BlkrRbmaN 6000nak;
)aneRCIsykmeFüa)ayRsbc,ab; rIÉBlkrCag 180>000nak;eTot
)aneRbImeFüa)ayminRsbc,ab; . b:uEnþkareFIVcMNakRsukminRsbc,ab;
manhaniP½y nigTTYl)anebovtSr_Tab . enAqñaM2005 R)ak;epJImkeGay
RKYsarmanRbEhl 200landuløar¼qñaM . R)ak;enHGaceLIgdl;
500landuløar¼qñaM RbsinebIkareFIVcMNakRsukeTAéfGacRKb;RKg)an
RbesIrCagmun ¬evotNamTTYl)an 4Ban;landuløar ÉéfTTYl)an
1/5Ban;landuløar¦ .
kargarenAeRkARbeTsTMngnwgekIneLIgbnþeTot . cab;BI
qñaM1998 mk kmµkr 10>532nak; RtUv)anbBa¢ÚnedayRsbc,ab;eTA
RbeTsm:aeLsIu 3984nak;eTAkUer:xagt,Úg nig 6114nak;eTAéf. éf
)anBüakrN_fa éfnwgman»nPaBBlkmµ 6lannak; kñúgmYyry³eBlxøI
dUecñHtMrUvkarBlkrenAéf rMBwgfanwgekIneLIgEfmeTot . RbCaBlrdæ
km<úCak¾man»kaskan;EteRcInedIm,IeTAeFIVkarenAm:aeLsIu kUer:xagt,Úg
Cb:un nig sigðburI pgEdr. tMrUvkarenAeBlenHKW karkat;bnßybnÞúk
cMNayelIcMNakRsuk CaBiesseTAkan;RbeTséf . kñúgenHRtUvkat;
bnßyéfølixitqøgEdnmkRtwm 40duløar rWticCag nigry³eBleFIVlixit
qøgEdnmkRtwm 10éf¶ rWticCag . rdæaPi)aléf nigkm<úCa KYrkat;bnßy
cMNaysrub kñúgkarbBa¢ÚnBlkreTAeFIVkarenAéfBI 700duløar mkRtwm
300duløarvij . mü:ageTot RtUvmankarykcitþTukdak;CaBiesscMeBaH
narIIcMNakRsuk EdlgayTTYlrgeRKaHedayGMeBIhigSa nigkarCYjdUr .
kMENlMGkarGb;rM nigkMritCMnaj TamTarnUvtulüPaBrvagkar
pÁt;pÁg; nigtMrUvkar . enAqñaM2007 fvikaGb;rMmancMnYn 136landuløar.
RbCaCnEtgedaHRsaysnþisuxes,óg nigtMrUvkarmUldæan eGay)ansin
eTIbEsVgrkkarGb;rM . dUecñHRtUvmaneKalneya)ayrwgmaMedIm,IbegIán
R)ak;cMNUlGñkRk edayEklMGplitPaBksikmµ nigkarbNþúHbNþal
viC¢aCIv³ . kargarenHtMrUveGaybegáInfvikaCati sMrab;karbNþúH
bNþalviC¢aCIv³ nigksikmµ . enAqñaM2007 fvikaEbgEckeGayRksYg
ksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT manEt 15landuløar rIÉRksYgkargar
nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ 7landuløar b:ueNÑaH . R)ak;cMNUlGacekIn
eLIgkñúgry³eBlBI 1 eTA 2qñaM tamry³kMENlMGplitPaBksikmµ rW
karbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ .
karbegIátkargarRbkbedayplitPaB TamTarkarEklMG
briyakasvinieyaK ¬kñúgenHrdæaPi)al nigFnaKarBiPBelak kMBugeFVI
kargaredIm,IEklMGkarsMrbsMrYlBaNiC¢kmµ¦ karkat;bnßyéføfamBl
nigdwkCBa¢Ún nigkarKitKUreLIgvijBIeKalneya)aydIFøI nigéRBeQI .
karkMNt;RBMEdnc,as;las;éndIrdæ nigéRBeQI BitCacaM)ac;xøaMgNas; .
tameKalkarN_bec©keTs épÞdIkm<úCa 80° CadIrbs;rdæ . etITMhMenH
minFMeBkeTrW? b½NÑkmµsiTi§ nigkarkan;kab;dI minGaceFIVelIdIfµI)aneT
sMrab;RbCaCnFmµta enAeBlEdlrdæ)aléRBeQIenAEtkan;kab;elI 60°
énépÞdIRbeTskm<úCa . sm,TandIesdækic©EdlmindMeNIrkar k¾KYrEtbþÚr
Casm,TandIsgÁmkic©vijEdr .
saklviTüal½ynana manmuxviC¢aCaeRcInTak;TgnwgkarRKb;RKg
KNenyü nigTIpSar . pÞúyeTAvij CMnajxagkarsagsg;pøÚv-s<an
karsagsg;GaKar Farasa®sþ karCYsCYlGKiÁsnI bMBg;Twk nigemkanik
EdlkMBugmantMrUvkary:agxøaMg KWmansikSatictYcNas;enAtamsakl
viTüal½y .
RbCaCnv½yekµgCabBaðaRbQmpg nigCa»kasl¥pg . edIm,I
FanaeGay)annUvkMeNInx<s;kñúgry³eBlmFüm nigEvg RtUvEteFVIkar
pøas;bþÚrBIkMeNInEp¥kelIFnFan eTACakMeNInEp¥kelICMnajvij ehIy
kñúgenH RtUvmankarEklMGKuNPaBkMlaMgBlkmµ . edIm,IsMerceKaledA
enH RtUvmantulüPaBrvag vinieyaKelIkarGb;rMry³eBlEvg nigvinieyaK
edIm,IbegIánR)ak;cMNUl¼CMnajry³eBlxIø . vinieyaKelIkarGb;rM
nwgGacpþl;plcMeNjkñúgry³eBlEvg luHRtaEttMrUvkarry³eBlxøI
GacedaHRsay)an . dUecñHkarBRgwgsnþisuxes,óg nigkarbegIán
R)ak;cMNUl tamry³karEklMGplitPaBdInigksikmµ nigkarbegIánkar
Gb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³nigbec©keTs mansar³sMxan;xøaMgNas; .
dUcenHKYrpþl;FnFaneRcInEfmeTotdl;RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nig
ensaT nigRksYgkargar nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ .
Rkumh‘un H.R. Inc. km<úCa )anKUsbBa¢k;fa nieyaCkmankarlM)ak
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TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
kñúgkareRCIserIsFnFanmnusSmansmtßPaBl¥ . Gñkdak;Baküekµg²
CaeRcInnak;KµanCMnajeT ehIysBVéf¶mankgVHxatGñkRKb;RKgsBa¢ati
Exµr nigGñkmanCMnajRKb;RKg nigCMnajÉkeTsepSg²eTot . karrkSa
TukbuKÁlikk¾lM)akEdr rIÉkarpþl;R)ak;ebovtSr_x<s;vaminEmnedaysar
CMnajx<s;eT b:uEnþedaysarKµanCMerIsepSg . kareRCIserIsCYbkar
lM)ak BIeRBaHsBaØab½RtminqøúHbBa©aMgBICMnajBitR)akd . RKb;²Kña
cg;eFVICaGñkRKb;RKg . Etbc©úb,nñxVHxatxøaMgNas;nUvCMnajKitKUrviPaK
écñRbDit . kareFIVGegátFMmYyBItMrUvkarrbs;nieyaCk nigCMnajrbs;
yuvCn rkeXIjfa yuvCn 76° BMumanCMnajRtwmRtUv ehIymanEt
nieyaCk 12° b:ueNÑaHEdleBjcitþnwgsmtßPaBnieyaCikxøÜn .
nisSitbBa©b;karsikSamñak;²cMNayeBlCamFüm 9Ex edIm,Irk
)ankargareFIV . b:uEnþsBVéf¶eKBi)akrk)anGñkeFVIkarEdlskmµRKb;RKg .
sMrab;kargarCamUldæan cMNucxVHxat KWGkb,kiriyakargarl¥ CMnaj
bec©keTs PasabreTs nigsmtßPaBeFIVkarsMerccitþ . eKlM)ak
xøaMgNas;nwgrk)anBlkrmanCMnajÉkeTs rWGñkmanCMnajviPaKx<s; .
enAkMritGaCIB eKBi)akrk)anGñkmanCMnajviPaK¼sMerccitþ nigman
bTBiesaFn_Bak;B½n§nwgkargar . karrMBwgTukGMBIebovtSr_ CabBaðaFMmYy
EdlnaMeGaybuKÁlikecjeTAeFVIkargarepSg .
Rkumh‘un H.R. Inc. sMueGaybegáInkarGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³
nigbec©keTs BRgwgkarGb;rMkMrit]tþmsikSa¼karbNþúHbNþalkarga Cabnþ
RBmTaMgmankarbBa¢ak;TTYlsÁal; nigkarpþl;sBaØab½RtEdlmann½y
edaycgP¢ab;nwgCMnaj¼smtßPaB . BYkyuvCnRtUvEsVgyl;BITIpSar
nigkarrMBwgTukrbs;TIpSar . nieyaCkRtUvcMNayeBleGayeRcIn
edIm,IEsVgrkCMnajEdlxøÜnRtUvkar ehIysaklviTüal½yRtUvpþl;CMnaj
EdlsmRsb nigpSarP¢ab;yuvCneTAnwgkargar .
saklviTüal½ybBaØasa®sþ )anbgðajPsþútagfa nisSit
PaKeRcIn mincUlcitþGanesovePAeT ehIycg;eGaysa®sþcarübegIát
emeronsegçbeGayBYkeK . karEksMrYlsþg;darminGacCYyGIVeRcIneT .
karGanKWCaktþaKnøwHnaMeTArkeCaKC½y karsresr)anl¥ nigcMeNHdwg
RbesIr.
bc©úb,nñmankgVHxatkare)aHBum<pSayCaPasaExµr TaMgerOg
Rbelamelak nigesovePAsikSa . dUecñHRtUvRbwgERbge)aHBum<pSay
eGay)aneRcInEfmeTot . vtþmanRbB½n§pSBVpSayepSg² k¾)anbnÞúc
bg¥ak;karGanesovePAEdr .
nisSitCaeRcIncUleron 2-3 mhaviTüal½ykñúgeBlEtmYy
edayKitfaeronmYyvaminRKb;;RKan; . cMNucenHbgðajfa karGb;rMenA
]tþmsikSamineqøIytbnwgtMrUvkareT . nisSitEdl)anbBa©b;karsikSa
GacmansBaØab½RtBIr b:uEnþKµanecHGIVesaH . kmµviFIsikSamanKuNPaBGn;
ehIysaklviTüal½ycMlg kmµviFIsikSaKñaeTAvijeTAmk . dUecñHman
karcaM)ac;Bit²edIm,IeKarBtamsþg;darGnþrCati bMeBjtMrUvkarkñúgRbeTs
nigbnSúITIpSarnisSiteTAnwgTIpSarkargar . nisSitPaKeRcIncg;eFIVkar
EpñkRKb;RKg nigKNenyü . sBVéf¶KµankarsikSaGVIesaHBITIpSar
kargar . etIkm<úCaRtUvkarGVI?. CMnajsMxan;²CaeRcInxVHxatxøaMgNas;
dUcCa CMnajviPaK nigCMhrskmµRKb;RKg EdlminecHEtedIrtameRkay
kargarrhUtenaHeT . CMnajeFIVr)aykarN_ nigsresr k¾sMxan;xøaMgdUcKña
b:uEnþsisSminecHsresrBIeRBaHBYkeKmincUlcitþGan . mü:ageTotk¾Kµan
karsikSaBIkargarsgÁm nigvis½yepSgeTotEdlkMBugmantMrUvkarEdr .
karsikSaxagey:nD½r nigPaBCaGñkdwknaM k¾enAxVHxatEdr .
nabc©úb,nñ mansaklviTüal½y nigviTüasßanrdæ nigÉkCn cMnYn
60 kMBugdMeNIrkar . KuNPaBGb;rMkMrit]tþmsikSa CakarRBYy)armÖFM
CageK . KN³kmµaFikarpþl;karTTYlsÁal;rbs;km<úCa)antMrUveGayman
karTamTarkMritcUleronedIm,IeGaymanc,ab;TMlab; nigPaBsIucgVak;Kña
kñúgvis½yenH.
saklviTüal½yrdæ )anTTYlyksisSBUEk ehIysakl
viTüal½yÉkCnTTYlyksisSEdlenAsl;BIenaH . knøgmkmankar
xitxMmYycMnYnedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaKuNPaBnisSitsMucUleron dUcCa
tamry³karRblgRbECgcUleronCaedIm . müa:geTot esovePAemeron
suT§CaPasaGg;eKøs dUecñHsisSRtUvEteronPasabreTs .
RksYgkargar nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ )anBiBN’naBIParkic©
nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜnkñúgkarbnSúImuxCMnajénkMlaMgBlkmµkm<úCa
eTAnwg»kaskargar RBmTaMgbegIátbriyakasmYyEdlkñúgenaH édKU
TaMgGs;)anyl;dwg TTYlyk nigGnuvtþtYnaTIrbs;xøÜn . RksYgkargar
nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ CYysRmbsRmYlkarRbwgERbgTUTaMgRbeTs
edIm,IbnSúImuxCMnajeTAnwgtMrUvkar ehIyCMrujeGayédKUnana EsVgrk
dMeNaHRsayGaceFIV)an edIm,IGPivDÆn_CMnaj nigbegIátédKUfIµ² .
RksYgkargar nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ )anGPivDÆkarbNþúH
bNþalCMnajEp¥kelIshKmn_ ¬RbB½n§bNþúHbNþalCMnajeRbIb½NÑ
cuHéfø¦ EdlkñúgenaHGñkPUmiCag 60>000nak; )anGPivDÆCMnajrbs;xøÜn
edIm,IrkcMNUleGay)ankan;EteRcInenAtMbn;CnbT . {rkcMNUlpg
nigeronsURtpg} KWCamUldæanénRbB½n§Gb;rM nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³¼
bec©keTsenATIRkug nigCakareqøIytbrbs;RksYgkargar nigbNþúH
bNþalviC¢aCIv³ eTAnwgbMErbMrYlTIpSarBlkmµenAkñúgesdækic©pøÚvkar .
PaBGt;kareFVIkñúgcMeNamsisS-nisSit EdlbBa©b;mFümsikSa
nig]tþmsikSa KWCabBaðaKYr)armÖmYyeTot . RbsinebIGñkbBa©b;karsikSa
TaMgenHmanCMnajTIpSar Rkumh‘unnwgGacCYlBYkeK . sisSbBa©b;
mFümsikSa man 53>500nak; enAqñaM2007¼08 ehIycMnYnenH
nwgekIndl; 190>050nak; enAqñaM2014¼15 .
bc©úb,nñkm<úCadl;eBlRtUvedaHRsaytMrUvkar GñkmansBaØab½Rt
EdlRsbtamsþg;darBaNiC¢kmµ . manRbB½n§l¥mYyKµanRbeyaCn_GVIeT
ebIsinKµanGñkNadwgfamanRbB½n§EbbenaH . RksYgkargar nigbNþúH
bNþalviC¢aCIv³ manbMNgcab;epþImeFVIyuT§nakareXasnakñúgsgÁmmYy
¬teTATMB½r 20¦
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12
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
elakRsI eGg enRta )ansegçbBIbBaðaBiPakSasMxan;²kñúgvKÁTI4
énsniñsITckçúvis½y nigelIkeLIgBIRkbx½NÐbc©úb,nñsMrab;PaBCa
édKUrvagrdæaPi)al-vis½yÉkCn nigtMrUvkarynþkarÉkraCümYy
sMrab;elIkkMBs; karsMrbsMrYl nigshRbtibtþikarrvagrdæaPi)al
nigxagEpñkGaCIvkmµ . *
karBiPakSa)ancab;epþImBI karBinitüelITsSn³rYméneKalneya)ay
nigKMnitpþÜcepþImrbs;rdæaPi)al edIm,IsMerc)annUvkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn
tamry³bTbgðajrbs; Ék]tþm cm RbsiiT§ eTsrdæm®nþI rdæm®nþIRksYg
BaNiC¢kmµ . elak Bretton G. Sciaroni mkBIkwøbGaCIvkmµGnþrCatién
RbeTskm<úCa )anBiPakSaBIynþkarsMxan;² nigmaneCaKC½yeFIV[rdæaPi)al
nigvis½yÉkCnCYbRbCMupøas;bþÚreyabl; nigEsVgrkdMeNaHRsaysMrab;
eBlxagmux ehIyelakk¾)anpþl;mtimYycMnYnsMrab;ynþkarnaeBl
GnaKtEdr . bTbgðajTI3 edayelakRsI eGg enRta énviTüasßan
CDRI elIkeLIgBIbBaðaRbQmxagGPi)alkic©sMxan;² nig\Ti§BlénbBaða
TaMgenHelIkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn RBmTaMgviFankarsMrab;edaHRsay .
CacugeRkay elak Tim Duffy naykRkumh‘un Oxiana )anpþl;
]TahrN_GMBIrebobEdlvis½yÉkCneFIVkarcUlrYmcMENk nigCH\Ti§Bl
eTAelIshKmn_ nigkarGPivDÆkñúgRbeTskm<úCa . xageRkamenH
CacMNucsMxan;²énbTbgðajTaMgbYn .
PaBCaédKUrvagrdæ nigÉkCn kñúgRbeTskm<úCanaeBlGnaKt
Ék]tþm cm RbsiT§ eTsrdæm®nþI rdæm®nþIRksYgBaNiC¢kmµ
rdæaPi)alkm<úCa KaMRTy:agxøaMgcMeBaHkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn
eday)andak;GnuvtþynþkarmYycMnYn edIm,ICYysMrYldl;vis½yenH .
TImYy semþcnaykrdæm®nþI CYbsMNHsMNalBIrdgkñúgmYyqñaMCamYy
GñkviinieyaKTunkñúgRsuk nigeRkARsuk kñúgevTikardæaPi)alnigvis½yÉkCn
edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðasMxan;²mYycMnYnTak;Tgnwg plRbeyaCn_vis½y
ÉkCn . ynþkarenH)ankøayCaRkwtüRkmtaMgBIqñaM 2000 mkem:øH .
bEnßmBIelIevTikaxagelI manRkumkargarrdæaPi)al nigvis½yÉkCncMnYn
8Rkum CYbRbCMuKñaCaerogral;ExedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðabnÞan;nana . Rkum
kargarRsg;ykbBaðasMxan;²CageK dak;CUnsemþcnaykrdæm®nþIBinitü
kñúgGMLúgeBlevTika .
TIBIr rdæaPi)al)anbegIátKN³kmµaFikardwknaMkargarGPivDÆn_
vis½yÉkCnmYy nigGnuKN³kmµaFikarbIeTot sMrab;kargarxag 1-
briyakasvinieyaKnigkarcUlrYmrbs;vis½yÉkCnkñúgEpñkehdæarcna
sm<½n§ 2-karGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmµnigvinieyaKTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµ nig
3-shRKasFuntUcnigmFüm .
TIbI RbeTskm<úCa)anGnum½tykrbbBaNiC¢kmµesrIedIm,ICMruj
vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs (FDI) nigCYyKaMRT Rkumh‘unbreTskñúgkarbegIát
GaCIvkmµ . rbbenHGnuBaØateGayRkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsukEdl
GacCashRKascMruH rWk¾Rkumh‘unbreTs 100° eFVIkarnaMecjnaMcUl .
rdæaPi)alminRtYtBinitüelIéføTMnijeT ehIyk¾KµaneKalkarN_EbgEck
GVIEdrrvagshRKasrdæ nigRkumh‘unÉkCn . rdæaPi)alminGnuBaØateGay
breTsmankmµsiTi§dIFøIeT b:uEnþGacmansiTi§CYlrhUtdl; 99qñaM .
TIbYn rdæaPi)al)anGnum½tviFIsaRsþFMTUlayTUTaMgvis½ysMrab;
BaNiC¢kmµ edIm,IsMrYldl;kic©RbwgERbg nigkareRbIR)as;FnFanrbs;
rdæaPi)al tYGgÁkñúgRsuk nigédKUGPivDÆn_ enAkñúgyuT§sa®sþEtmYynig
rYmKña sMedAGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmµkm<úCa . exOnTaMgbIénviFIsaRsþenHKW
kMENTMrg;nigbBaðaCab;Bak;B½n§ karGPivDÆplitplnigesvakmµ nigkar
ksagsmtßPaB . exOnnImYy²manRkumrcnaerobcMmYy mansmasPaB
cMruHmkBIrdæaPi)al édKUGPivDÆ nigsgÁmsIuvil . exOnTaMgenH kMNt;BI
EbbbTEdlRtUvCYyCMrujplitplkm<úCa nigTIpSar ebIBuMenaHeT RbCaCn
plitEtGVIEdlxøÜnFøab;plitBImunmk ehIyKµanTIpSarsMrab;plitpl
TaMgenaH .
TIR)aM enAmanbBaðaRbQmmYycMnYneTotdUcCa kareFIVsmahrNkmµ
TIpSarkñúgtMbn; nigkarkat;bnßyéføedImplitkmµ. kñúgenH etIRbeTs
km<úCaGacRbkYtRbECgEbbNa ehIyetIeyIgGaceFIVcMruHkmµy:ag
dUcemþcenAeBlEdléføedImplitkmµ Biesséføehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬dUcCa
GKÁisnI¦ vax<s;EbbenH? GKiÁsnIsMxan;xøaMgNas; sMrab;karGb;rM nigvis½y
ÉkCn . rdæaPi)al)anGnum½telIKMeragGKiÁsnImYycMnYnsMrab;TUTaMg
RbeTs edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða . mü:ageTotmankarpþÜcepþImKMnitbegIát
tMbn;esdækic©Biess edIm,IeFIVcMruHkmµ nigbegIátkargar RBmTaMgTTYl)an
karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIBIRbeTsCitxag .
briyakasGMeNayplsMrab;vis½yÉkCn
Bretton G. Sciaroni édKUCan;x<s;énRkumh‘un Sciaroni nigRbFankøwb
GaCIvkmµGnþrCati
tamry³kMeNInesdækic© nigsißrPaBneya)aynab:unµanqñaMcugeRkay
enH karvinieyaKTunenAkm<úCamanlkçN³ viC¢manCaeRcIn dUcCa lT§PaB
begIátRkumh‘unkan;kab;edaybreTs 100° karmindak;kMhitelIkar
epÞrTun nigkarsMralBn§sMrab;Rkumh‘unvinieyaK .
cMNucTak;TajcMbgmYyrbs;RbeTskm<úCa KWPaBCaédKUEdlbegIát
eLIgCitmYYyTsvtSr_mkehIy rvagmCÄdæanGaCIvkr nigrdæaPi)al tamry³
RbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 nigeTA GnaKt³ PaBCaédKUrvagvis½y ÉkCn nigvis½ysaFarN³
* elakRsI eGg enRta CaRbFanRsavRCavEpñkGPi)alkic©tam
EbbRbCaFibetyü nigkMENTMrg;saFarN³ .
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13
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
evTikardæaPi)al nigvis½yÉkCn . eKyl;fa evTikaenHCameFüa)aymYy
GacCH\Ti§Bldl;c,ab; eKalneya)ay nigsMueGayrdæaPi)alcat;viFankar .
cMeBaHGñkvinieyaKTunCaskþanuBlvij evTikaenHCasßab½nmYy
d¾sMxan; eRBaHbgðajc,as;ETgBICMhrviC¢manrbs;rdæaPi)alcMeBaH
karvinieyaKTun . eyagtamTsSnavdþIrbs; International Finance
Corporation (IFC: saCIvkmµhirBaØvtßúGnþrCati¦ EdlecjpSayBIqñaMmun
eCaKC½yénevTikaenHbgðajBIRbsiT§PaB nigsar³sMxan;rbs;va sMrab;
dMeNIrkarkMENTMrg; . kñúgcMeNamlkçxNÐCaeRcInEdlkMNt;BI\Ti§Bl
esdækic©rbs;evTika tYelxRbcaMqñaMénviPaKTansµ½RKcitþ (pro bono) rbs;
vis½yÉkCnbg;cUlkñúgevTikaKW 350/000duløar eFobnwgmUlniFi)an
BIGñkpþl;CMnYyRtwm 160>000duløar .
knøgmkmanlT§pll¥RbesIrk¾BitEmn b:uEnþevTika)anQanmk
dl;pøÚvbMEbkehIy . eBlenHRtUvman EpnTInaMpøÚvmYyEdlbgðajBI
viFankarGnþrkalRtUvGnuvtþ edIm,I[shKmn_GaCIvkmµGacTTYlr:ab;rg
tYnaTIsRmbsRmYlEdl IFC kMBugGnuvtþsBVéf¶enH ehIyelak Sciaroni
)anpþl;mtiBImeFüa)aymYyedIm,IsMerceKaledAenH . meFüa)ayenaH
KWRtUvBRgwgGñkEdlBak;B½n§xøaMgCageKkñúgevTika dUcCa Rkumkargarvis½y
ÉkCn (PSWGs) nigsPaBaNiC¢kmµkm<úCa eGaymkTTYlr:ab;rgtYnaTI
sRmbsRmYlenAeBlNamYynaGnaKt .
eyagtamdMeNIrdUcxagelI etIevTikanwgmanGnaKty:agNa?
eRkABIebskkmµsBVéf¶rbs;xøÜn CaynþkarsMrab;karpøas;bþÚrB½t’man
CamYyrdæaPi)al nigkaredaHRsaybBaða evTikaKYrmanebskkmµfIµ²eTot
EdlRtUvGnuvtþeday Rkumkargarvis½yÉkCn . ebskkmµTaMgenH
mandUcCa³
karbegIátcMNucsñÚlmYyenAtamextþnImYy²³ • KYrmanmnusSmñak;
rW kariyal½ymYy sMrab;TTYlB½t’manBIbBaðananaEdlshRKas
GaCIvkmµCYbRbTH ehIybBa¢ÚnbBaðaTaMgenaHbnþeTAevTika enAÉTIRkug
PñMeBj edIm,IedaHRsay . edaysarevTikaR)arB§eFVIeLIgBIrdgkñúg
mYyqñaM ehIymanpSBVpSaytamTUrTsSn_TUTaMgRbeTs dUecñH
RbCaBlrdæRKb;KñaenAkm<úCa KYrEt)andwgc,as;BIevTikaenH .
evTikatMbn;³ • evTikaGacR)arB§eFIVenAtammCÄmNÐléntMbn;nana
edIm,IBRgIkvisalPaBRKbdNþb; nigeFIVeGayshRKasGaCIvkmµ
tamextþ )andwgc,as;BIevTikaenH .
KMnitpþÜcepþImrbs;vis½yÉkCn³ • PSWGs KYrskmµRKb;RKgEfmeTot
kñúgkarelIksMeNIEklMGbriyakasGaCIvkmµ . eTAGnaKt enAeBl
manbuKÁlik nigFnFanRKb;RKan; shKmn_GaCIvkmµKYrpþÜcepþImKMnit
elIkesñICaeKalneya)ayfµI² rW sMeNIepSgeTot edIm,IEklMG
sßanPaBesdækic© .
tYnaTIRbwkSarbs;vis½yÉkCn³ • PSWGs KYrEtskmµEfmeTotkñúgkarpþl;
B½t’mansMrab;karksag eKalneya)aysaFarN³sMxan;² dUcCa
kardak;esñIsMrab; eRKagkarkñúgvis½yhirBaØvtßúqñaM2006-2015CaedIm .
bBaðaRbQmxagGPi)alkic© nigkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn
elakRsI eGg enRta RbFanRsavRCavEpñkGPi)alkic©tamEbb
RbCaFibetyü nigkMENTMrg;saFarN³ énviTüasßan CDRI
RbeTskm<úCasMerc)ankMeNInesdækic©y:agx<s; kñúgGMLúgeBl
15qñaMcugeRkayenH . sniþPaB nigsißrPaBCabnþ )anpþl;»kaseGay
skmµPaBesdækic©rIklUtlas;y:agxøaMgkñúgRKb;vis½y . eCaKC½yenHGac
TTYl)anfVIebIman sßanPaBlM)akmYyTak;TgnwgsiTi§mnusS karRKb;RKg
c,ab; nigKuNPaBGPi)alkic©CarYmkþI . GPi)alkic©km<úCagayRsYl
eFVIkarTiHeton b:uEnþvasµúKsµajNas; nigBi)akeFIVkMENTMrg; . xageRkam
enH KWCabBaðaRbQmsMxan;²mYycMnYn .
karsikSaBIPaBRkIRkrbs;viTüasßan CDRI bgðajfa eKalneya)ay
enAEtBi)akCH\T§iBleGaydl;GñkRkEdlCaerOy² minTaMg)anTTYl
esvasaFarN³sMxan;²pgeT . GñkRkk¾TTYl)ankarcat;EcgminesIµPaB
ehIyrg\Ti§Bly:agxøaMg BIGMeBIBukrlYyrbs;m®nþIkñúgCYrrdæaPi)al .
karsikSa)anbgðajeTotfa Gñkmanzan³x<s; nigbNþajExS-xñg )aneRbI
\Ti§Bl nigGMNaceRscEtcitþ eday)ankat;bnßylT§PaBrbs;GñkRk
edIm,IeRbIR)as;FnFanFmµCati nigeFVIkarsMerccitþ . karsikSaepSgeTot
rbs;viTüasßan CDRI sþIBIKNenyüPaBrbs;GaCJaFrfñak;eRkamCati
bgðajfa RbB½n§GPi)alkic©km<úCamaneCaKC½ytictYckñúgkarRKb;RKg
fvikardæeGaymanRbsiT§PaB nigCab;Tak;Tgl¥ nwgKMeragEpnkar ehIy
k¾hak;dUcCabraC½yEdrkñúgkareRCIserIs nigpþl;rgVan;dl;m®nþIraCkar
EdlmanKuNsm,tiþ .
r)aykarN_sþIBI {kareFIVGaCIvkmµqñaM2008} rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak
)aneFVIcMNat;fñak;eGayRbeTskm<úCaCab;elx 145 kñúgcMeNam
178RbeTs cMeBaHPaBgayRsYlkñúgkareFIVGaCIvkmµ . r)aykarN_
bgðajfa ebIeFobnwgqñaMmun RbeTskm<úCa)anRbesIreLIgbnþicTak;Tinnwg
karcab;ebIkGaCIvkmµ karecjGaCJab½NÑ nigkarCYleRbIBlkr b:uEnþ
TTYlcMNat;fñak;Gn;sMrab; PaBR)akdRbCaéneKalneya)ay GMeBI
BukrlYy siTi§GclnRTBü tulakar nigbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ . b:uEnþkar
BiPakSaeBjGgÁkñúgsnñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 )anemIl
eXIjfa tYnaTI nig\T§iBlénsnÞsSn_eRbobeFobKñaCasklrbs;ktþa
nana EdlCYyrYmcMENkbegáItbriyakasGaCIvkmµGMeNaypl RBmTaMg
GegátCab;Tak;TinnanasþIBIGPi)alkic© nigGMeBIBukrlYy KWTaMgxag
GñktMNagrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigvis½yÉkCn min)aneGaytMélGVIeRcIneT .
BYkeK)ansYrfa etIGegátEbbenHGacqøúHbBa©aMg)anBitCak;Esþgb:uNÑaBI
»kasl¥epSg²sMrab;karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn nigshRKinPaB ehIyk¾
)anecaTsMnYrCaeRcInBIviFIsaRsþ nigPaBeBjsiT§irbs;va .
karCMnH]bsKÁkñúgkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn edIm,IsMerceKaledA
kat;bnßyPaBRkIRk enAEtCabBaðaRbQm . b:uEnþKMnitpþÜcepIþmeFVIkMENTMrg;na
eBlfIµ²mYycMnYn ¬vimCÄkar nigkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³¦ manlkçN³
viC¢man ehIyKYrGnuvtþbnþeTot . viFankarCak;lak;mYycMnYn mandUcCa³
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14
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
rdæaPi)albnþykcitþTukdak;elIkarFanasißrPaB³ • cMNucenH)ann½y
fa ral;kMENTMrg; nigkarpøas;bþÚrEdlcg;)an GaceFIVeLIgCabeNþIr²
rIk¾eFVIPøam²tamkarcaM)ac; .
karBRgwgkMENTMrg;vimCÄkar • tamry³kare)aHeqñatCaRbeyal
begIátRkumRbwkSaextþ-Rsuk EdlmanGMNacnigFnFanRKb;RKan; nig
manmuxgareRcIndUcCa karRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati karKaMRTksikmµ
karpþl;esvakmµ kareFVIEpnkarnigRKb;RKgkareRbIR)as;dI nigkar
KaMRTdl;karGPivDÆesdækic© .
karBRgIkeCaKC½yelIkMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßú • edayRksYgesdækic©nig
hirBaØvtßú kñúgTisedAeFIVsniTankmµfvika nigeFIVeGaydMeNIrkar
hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³kan;EtmantmøaPaB nigRbsiT§PaB . TidæPaB
sMxan;² manCaGaT× kardak;bBa©ÚlcMNUlenARKb;kMriténrdæaPi)al
eTAkñúgfvikaCati nig karBRgwgkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³
edIm,IeGayrdæaPi)alGaceqøIytbnwgtMrUvkaresvasaFarN³rbs;
RbCaBlrdæ .
karBRgwgevTikardæaPi)al-vis½yÉkCn nigRkumkargarvis½yÉkCn •
TaMg8 EdlknøgmkmanRbsiT§PaBl¥CYybegáInkarRbRs½yTak;Tg
edaypÞal; nigRtg;eTARtg;mk rvagfñak;dwknaMrdæaPi)al nigGaCIvkr
enAkm<úCa . enHCamUldæand¾Cak;lak; nigmansarRbeyaCn_ EdlGac
begIát[manKNenyüPaBkan;EtxøaMg nigcemøIytbBIsMNak;
rdæaPi)al cMeBaHbBaðaRbQmnanarbs;vis½yÉkCn .
karQaneLIgrbs;GñkdwknaMshRKasGaCIvkmµ nigGñkmanzan³ •
x<s;fIµ²³ Gs;ry³eBlCayUrmkehIy tamry³TMnak;TMngkan;Et
CitsiñT§iBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaMrbs;GñkTaMgenHCamYyrdæaPi)al BYkeK
RbEhlCaGacTamTarkMENTMrg;RbePTxøHeTot)an .
GaCIvkmµEr:RbkbedayKuNPaB nigkarGPivDÆFnFanEr:
elak Tim Duffy RbFanRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúRbcaMtMbn;GasIu
énRkumh‘un Oxiana
karerobrab;RtYs²BIRkumh‘un Oxiana: Oxiana CaRkumh‘unkMBugrIk
lUtlas; nigmaneCaKC½y edaymanGNþÚgEr:kMBugdMeNIrkar KMeragfµI²
kMBugGPivDÆ nigKMeragrukrkEr:CaeRcIneTot . Rkumh‘unenHkan;kab; nigeFVI
Rbtibtiþkar GNþÚgEr:mas nigTg;Edg Sepon enARbeTsLav/ mUldæan
Golden Grove nigRbtibtiþkarelah³mantMélenAPaKxaglicRbeTs
GURsþalI RBmTaMg kMBugcUlrYmkñúgkarrukrk nigGPivDÆn_KMeragenARbeTs
km<úCa cin \NÐÚensIu nigéf .
ckçúvis½y³ ckçúvis½yrbs;Rkumh‘un Oxiana KWbegIátRkumh‘unykEr:
d¾FMmYy . Rkumh‘unmaneKaledAGnuvtþckçúvis½yenH tamry³kar
BRgIkmUldæanrbs;Rkumh‘un nigGaCIvkmµelah³mantMél k¾dUcCatam
ry³kareFVIcMruHkmµ CabeNþIr² . Rkumh‘unepþatkargarelITIVbGasIu
)a:sIuhVik GURsþalI RBmTaMgtMbn;xøHeTot . RTBüskmµrbs;Rkumh‘unpþl;
GRtacMeNjx<s; manGayukalEvg mansßanPaBl¥eRcIn ehIyRkumh‘un
enAmanKMeragGPivDÆn_CaeRcIneTot EdlRtUvGnuvtþCabnþbnÞab; .
esdækic©skl nig»kassMrab;karGPivDÆFnFanEr:³ karepþatelI
TVIbGasuIBIsMNak;Rkumh‘un Oxiana mann½yfa Rkumh‘unmansßanPaB
l¥enAkñúg tMbn;EdlmankMeNInxøaMgCageKkñúgBiPBelakenH . b:uEnþ
kMeNInrbs;GasIu min)anRCabmkdl;vis½yEr:enaHeT BIeRBaHeTaHbIGasIu
)aneRbIR)as;Gs; 51° énTg;EdgkñúgBiPBelakkþI b:uEnþvaplit)anEt
15° b:ueNÑaH . bNþaRbeTstameqñrmhasmuRT):asuIhVik (Pacific
Rim) k¾manFnFanEr:eRcInsn§wksn§ab;Edr . dUecñHkarEdl Oxiana man
RbtibtiþkarGaCIvkmµEr:enAGasIu mann½yfa Rkumh‘unGacbBa¢Únplitpl
xøÜny:agelOn nigGs;éfødwkCBa¢Úntic eTAkan;TIpSard¾mansnÞúHTaMgenH .
plRbeyaCn_GaCIvkmµEr:sMrab;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_³ c,ab;GaCIv
kmµEr: EdlføwgEføg)anl¥ GacnaMeGaymansßirPaBkMeNIn pss kñúg
ry³eBlEvg dUcGacBinitüeXIjCak;EsþgenARbeTshÁaNa . cab;taMg
BIhÁaNa )andak;GnuvtþRkmGaCIvkmµEr:enATsvtSr_1980 mk lMnaM
kMeNInmineTogTat; nigry³eBlFøak;cuHEdlEtgekItmankñúgeBl
knøgmk RtUv)anlubbM)at;ecalTaMgGs; .
]TahrN_enARbeTsLav³ enARbeTsLav Rkumh‘un Oxiana Gac
begIátRbtibtiþkarykEr:tamsþg;darx<s;bMput kñúgBiPBelak )anTan;eBl
tamEpnkar nigkñúgrgVg;fvikakMNt; enAtMbn;mYydac;RsyalbMputkñúg
RbeTsenH . RbtibtiþkarenA Sepon KWCaKMeragykEr:d¾FMbMputmYyenA
GasIuGeKñy_tMbn;dIeKak nabc©úb,nñ . viFIsaRsþrbs;Rkumh‘unkñúgkar
GPivDÆKMeragenH KWeFVIy:agNaeGaymanplRbeyaCn_hUreTAdl;éd
GñkBak;B½n§RKb;²Kña .
RbeTskm<úCa³ sBVéf¶ Rkumh‘un Oxiana kMBugrukrkmaskñúgfµRkanIt
enAPaKxagekItRbeTskm<úCa RBmTaMg Tg;Edg nigelah³epSgeTot .
TIcat;karRkumh‘un Oxiana sißtenATIRkugPñMeBj ehIynabc©úb,nñman
buKÁlikCag 60nak; ¬rYmTaMgGñkCab;kic©snüa¦ . kñúgGMLúgeBlrukrk
plb:HBal;dl;brisßanmankMritTab b:uEnþsþg;darGnþrCatiRtUvEteKarB
tam ehIyRbtibtiþkarRtUvtamdany:agditdl; .
snñidæan³ Rkumh‘un Oxiana )aneRtomxøÜnrYcral;sMrab;GMLúg
eBld¾EvgénkarrIkduHdalesdækic©sklelak EdlCMrujedayGasIu .
Rkumh‘unsgÇwmfanwgman»kaseFVIkarGPivDÆFnFan kñúgeKalKMnitpþl;
plcMeNjesdækic©mancIrPaBl¥dl;RbCaCatinana .
segçbxøwmsarsMxan;²énvKÁenH
cMNucsMxan;²énvKÁenHmandUcteTA³
Rkbx½NÐsMrab;karsnÞnarvagrdæaPi)alnigvis½yÉkCn PaBCaédKU •
nigkareFVIEpnkarrYmKña KWmaneRscehIy dUcCa evTikardæaPi)al-
vis½yÉkCn EdlTTYl)ankarKaMRTxøaMgNas;BIsMNak;GaCIvkr .
¬teTATMB½r 20¦
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15
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
elakLarI e®sþn© segçbBIbBaðasMxan;² )anBinitüeXIjkñúgvKÁ GahareBll¶acBiessénsnñisITckçúvis½y nigcg¥úlbgðajBIsMnYr eKalneya)aysMxan;²mYycMnYn EdltMrUv[mankarykcitþTukdak; elICMhanbnÞab;énkarGPivDÆrbs;km<úCa . *
esckþIepþIm³ dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi nigGclnRTBüenAkm<úCakñúgb:unµanExmuneBldMeNIrkarsnñisITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 bBaðadIFøI KWCaRbFanbTBiPakSaekþAKKukrvagGñkneya)ay m®nþIraCkar édKUGPivDÆ GgÁkarsgÁmsuIvil nigRbB½n§pSBVpSaynana . kmµsiTi§ kareRbIR)as; tMélesdækic©éndIFøI tYnaTIdIFøIkñúgkarGPivDÆsgÁm¼esdækic© kñúgkarrkciBa©wmCIvitenACnbT¼TIRkug karGPivDÆGaCIvkmµkñúgvis½y ÉkCn karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigCaBiesstYnaTICaRbPBTMnas;¼kar RbkYtRbECgdeNþImFnFan suT§EtCabBaðad¾elceFøaenAkñúgkic©BiPakSa CasaFarN³ . enAkñúgsunÞrkfaebIksnñisIT semþcnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )ansgát;F¶n;BIsar³sMxan;énkmµviFIcuHbBa¢IdIFøITaMgenATIRbCMuCn nigCnbTrbs;rdæaPi)al nigtYnaTId¾sMxan;énkareFVIEpnTIdIrdæ nigkar kMNt;RBMEdntMbn;éRBeQI kñúgkarRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþirdæ nigkat;bnßy TMnas; . semþcnaykrdæm®nþI k¾)anbBa¢ak;BIkarebþCJacitþrbs;rdæaPi)al edIm,IeFVIkMENTMrg;tMbn;CnbT CaBiess karbegáInRbB½n§Farasa®sþ nig karEbgEckdI EdlnwgCYybegáInplksikmµ nigkareFVIcMruHkmµplitkmµ kñúgry³eBlmFüm . snñisITckçúvis½y manrYmbBa©ÚlvKÁBiessmYysþIBIbBaðadIFøI eRkam RbFanbT {karTajRbeyaCn_eGay)anRbesIrbMputBIFnFanFmµCati enAkm<úCa - dIFøI GclnRTBü kareRbIR)as;dIRbkbedayplitPaB nig karGPivDÆ} edaymanvaKµinmkBIxagrdæaPi)al vis½yFnaKar vis½y GPivDÆn_GclnRTBü nigviTüasßan CDRI . vis½yGclnRTBüenAkm<úCa )anrIkcMerInelOnNas;naeBlfµI² ehIysnÞúHkMeNInd¾xøaMgenHGacnaM mkCamYyTaMgKuNRbeyaCn_ nighaniP½y . dITaMgsMrab;karksag lMenAdæan nigtMrUvkarxagBaNiC¢kmµ )aneLIgéføy:agKMhuk CaBiess enAtamTIRbCMuCn . bNÐit ebg hugsuCatiexmr:U EdlCam®nþICan;x<s; mñak;enARksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; )anBnül; GgÁsnñisITfa rdæaPi)al)anGnuvtþkmµviFIcuHbBa¢IdIFøId¾FMmYy nigksag ÉksarxageKalneya)aydIFøI EdlmanTaMgkargareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆRkug pgEdr ehIykñúgenaHmankarTTYlsÁal;fa karGPivDÆCnbTEtmü:ag minGackat;bnßyPaBRkIRk)aneT . tMbn;TIRbCMuCnk¾mantYnaTIsMxan; Nas;Edrkñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk edaykñúgenaHTIRbCMuCnxñattUc
nigmFüm edIrtYnaTICaTIRkugEdlGacpþl;nUvTIpSarsMrab;plitplnig Blkmµdl;shKmn_nanaenACuMvijenaH . elak Rory Hunter CatMNagRkumh‘unGPivDÆGclnRTBü Brocon
Group )anEvkEjkfa karGPivDÆdIFøI nigGclnRTBüy:agelOn EbbenH eFVIeGayRbeTskm<úCaCYbbBaðaRbQmxagkareFVIEpnkar nig karRKb;RKg edIm,IFanaKuNPaBénkarGPivDÆGclnRTBü eGayvaGac CYybegáItRTBüFn nigbMerItMrUvkarrbs;shKmn_TaMgLay . GñkcUlrYm kñúgkarGPivDÆGclnRTBüenAkm<úCa eKmanplRbeyaCn_mindUcKñaeT kñúgkarFanaKuNPaBenH . plRbeyaCn_ GñkmanPaKh‘unkñúgRkumh‘un KWGtibrmanIykmµR)ak;cMeNjkñúgry³eBlEvg karbegáIttMél kar ksagTMnukcitþCamYyvinieyaKin¼GñkTij karksagTMnak;TMngrwgmaMCamYy GaCJaFr¼shKmn_mUldæan nigkarksageQµaHRkumh‘uneGayl,I Edl CaTsSn³mYyfµIsMrab;RbCaCnkm<úCaPaKeRcIn . plRbeyaCn_rbs; GñkTijepþatelIlT§PaBTTYl)anpÞHEdlksagmaMCab;l¥sMrab;sñak;enA rWeFVIvinieyaK karbegáItR)ak;cMNUlrYmTaMgkMeNIntMélRTBüvinieyaK TMnukcitþfaRkumh‘unminkS½yFn nigsµartIPøWsVagemIleXIjkarsnüa e)akR)as;¼karbMéPøkarBit . plRbeyaCn_rbs;shKmn_ KW plRbeyaCn_CaTUeTAsMrab;brisßanenAmUldæan esvakmµrbs;shKmn_ karbegáItkargar PaBc,as;las;¼kareKarBc,ab;kñúgkarlk;dUrGclnRTBü nigkarebþCJacitþeFVI[GclnRTBümanKuNPaBl¥rhUtdl; 30qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlenHeTA . plRbeyaCn_rbs;rdæaPi)al KWvtþman eKalkarN_ENnaMc,as;las;sMrab;GñkGPivDÆGclnRTBü CaBiesssMrab;Rkumh‘unbreTsEdlmkbNþak;TunenAkm<úCa kic©karBarGñkTij Tb;Tl;nwgeRKaHfñak;kS½yFnrbs;Rkumh‘un karykBn§elIkarkan;kab;dI l¥²edayKµaneFVIkarGPivDÆ nig)ancMeNjGVIdl;esdækic©¼shKmn_eRkAEtBIkarTuklk;ekgykcMeNj nigkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆsmehtupl¼karkMNt;tMbn;eRbIR)as;dI edIm,ICMrujkarvinieyaKTunelIkarGPivDÆ GclRTBümanKuNPaBl¥ . bBaðaeKalneya)aysMxan;²kñ úgkaredaHRsayplRbeyaCn_ eRcInEbby:agenHrYmman tMrUvkarbTb,BaØtþic,ab;l¥RbesIrEfmeTot c,ab;sMNg;edIm,Ikat;bnßyCMelaH nigmeFüa)aybegáIncMNaykan;kab;dI edayKµaneFVIkarGPivDÆ dUcCa tamry³Bn§elIdImineRbIR)as;CaedIm . Tak;TinnwgEpñkFnaKar¼\NTan elak Chales Vann tMNagFnaKar kaNaDIy:a )anbBa¢ak;fa GñkTijRtUvkarkic©karBard¾l¥CagenHeTot enAkñúgbriyakasmanhaniP½yx<s; EdlRkumh‘unGPivDÆsagsg;TaMgenaH GacTareGaybg;Camundl;eTA 60-80° énéføpÞHsrub .
kareRbIR)as;dIFøIRbkbedayplitPaB nigkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCaviTüasßan CDRI epþatkargarelI {kareRbIR)as;dImanplitPaB nig karGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa} kñúglkçN³xøÜnCasßab½nRsavRCavxageKal neya)ayGPivDÆn_ EdlCab;Tak;TgnwgkarbegáItRTBüFn¼karkat; bnßyPaBRkIRk . karRsavRCavfµI²rbs; CDRI nigsßab½nepSg² eTot)anbgðajc,as;fa kareRbIR)as;dIeGaymanplitPaB nigkar RKb;RKgdIFøICaTUeTA rYmTaMgsuvtßiPaBkan;kab;dITaMgenATIRkug nig
dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi GclnRTBü
kareRbIR)as;dIRbkbedayplitPaB
nigkarGPivDÆ
* elakLarI e®sþn© CanaykRbtibtþiénviTüasßßan CDRI
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TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
CnbT KWCamUldæanRKwHénkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa¼karkat;bnßyPaB RkIRk . vak¾CH\Ti§Bldl;karrs;enA karx©I\NTan vinieyaK¼kareFVIcMruH kmµxagksikmµ TIpSardIFøI karGPivDÆlMenAdæan¼TIRkug nigvinieyaKelI shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm (SME) . karsikSafµI²rbs; CDRI bgðajfa RbCaCnRkIRkkan;EtBwgEp¥kxøaMgeLIgelIdIFøI nigFnFanFmµCatixag Clpl edIm,IRTRTg;CIvPaBd¾ twgEtgrbs;xøÜn . xN³EdlRKYsar enACnbTCaGñkFUrFar rWkMBugQaneLIg mankan;kab;dIFM²Cag TTYl)anTinñplnigR)ak;cMeNjeRcInCag RKYsarRkIRkCaeRcInkan;Et Bi)aknwgrkcMNUlBIkareFIVERs ehIyk¾RtUvlk;dIFøI nigBwgEp¥kelIkar lk;kMlaMgBlkmµvij . vinieyaKkan;EteRcIn nigepþatkan;EtxøaMgelI karbegáInplitPaB¼kareFVIcMruHkmµpldMNaMkñúgksidæantUc² Edl mandItic dUcmanKUsbBa¢ak;kñúgeKalneya)aybc©úb,nñrbs;rdæaPi)al nigkaryl;dwgkan;Etc,as;BI\Ti§BléncMNgTak;TgTIRkug-CnbT eTA elIeKalneya)ay¼karRKb;RKgdIFøI vanwgpþl;pll¥sMrab;karGPivDÆ esdækic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . ktþaFmµCatidUcCaeRKaHraMgs¶Üt nigTwkCMnn; RBmTaMgdIKµan CIrCati nigkgVHsmtßPaBRKb;RKgTwk )ankat;bnßyplitPaBksikmµ enAkñúgtMbn;xøH ehIylT§PaBCaRbéBNIkñúgkarRbmUlpléRBeQI nig karensaT k¾kMBugTTYlsMBaFkan;EtxøaMgBIkMeNInRbCaCn nigTMnas; CamYytYGgÁmanGMNac nigmanzan³x<s;EdlmkBIeRkAtMbn;CnbT . CalT§pl enAtMbn;xøH GñkKµandIFøIkMBugekIneLIg eTaHedayectnarW bgçMcitþkþI ehIyvismPaBkan;kab;dIFøI k¾rIkFM kñúgenHmanGñkRkkan;EteRcIn RtUvlk;BlkmµkñúgmUldæan rWeFVIcMNakRsukeTAtMbn;epSg²enAkm<úCa rWqøgEdneTAéf rWm:aeLsuI edIm,IrkkargareFVI . karRsavRCavrbs;eyIg)anbBa¢ak;KaMRTTsSn³fa eCaKC½yd¾FMén kmµviFIcuHbBa¢IdIFøIenAkm<úCa )anrYmcMENkeRcInNas;dl;karBRgwgsßab½n nanaEdlCYyCMrujkarGPivDÆesdækic©-sgÁmkic© [kan;EtmansnÞúH . vak¾bgðajEdrfa karcuHbBa¢IdIFøIEtmYymuxminRKb;RKan;eT edIm,ICMruj kMeNInesdækic©eGaykan;EtmansmFm’ nigCYykat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . sMrab;tMbn;CnbT b½NÑkmµsiT§iRKan;EtCaFatupSMsMxan;mYyb:ueNÑaHén GnþraKmn_d¾caM)ac;nanaxagGPivDÆn_ dUcCa lT§PaBTTYl)an\NTanman tMélsmrmü cMeNHdwg nigB½t’mantamry³esvapSBVpSaybec©keTs nigehdæarcnasm<½n§kan;Etl¥ dUcCa pøÚvfñl; RbB½n§Farasa®sþCaedIm . BitehIy eKalneya)ayCatiRKb;RKgdIFøInigFnFanFmµCati RtUv)antak;EtgeLIg edIm,ICMrujkarRKb;RKgRTBüTaMgenHeGayman cIrPaB bu:EnþkarGnuvtþ nigkarBRgwgkarGnuvtþminesµIédKñaenAtammUldæan kMBugCMrujeTArkkarhinehacy:agqab;rh½sénFnFanFmµCati kMeNInPaB KµandIFøI nigkñúgkrNIxøHkMBugeFIVeGayshKmn_ElgsUveKarBdl;bNþa sßab½nmansmtßkic© . mü:ageTot eKRtUvBicarNaCabnÞan;BIviFITb;sáat;¼ kat;bnßyTMnas;sþIBIFnFanFmµCati CaBiessenAeBlmankarrMelaP ykdI¼FnFanFmµCatiBIsMNak;Gñkmanzan³x<s; edIm,ICYyeGayGñkRkIRk TTYl)andMeNaHRsayyutþiFm’ minRbkan;bkSBYk TaMgsMrab;TMnas;kñúg PUmi nigTMnas;manCab;Bak;B½n§nwgGñkmanRTBüsm,tþi¼GñkmanGMNac . karRsavRCavrbs;eyIg )anbgðajc,as;BItMrUvkarEbgEckFnFan eRcInEfmeTot tMrg;TisFnFanGPivDÆksikmµ¼CnbTeGaykan;EtRbesIr
nigBRgwgEfmeTotedayKµanRbkan;bkSBYknUv karGnuvtþc,ab;RKb;RKg kareRbIR)as;¼RtYtRtaelIRTBüCaFnFanFmµCati . viFankarenHnwg CH\T§iBly:agxøaMgeTAelIplitPaBksikmµ karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nig suxmalPaBRbCaCn RbsinebImanviFankarbMeBjbEnßmenAkñúgmUldæan dUcCa suvtßiPaBkan;kab;dI RbB½n§Farasa®sþ esvapSBVpSaybec©keTs ksikmµ nig\NTanefaksmrmüGacTTYlyk)an . bTBiesaFn_kñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ EdlBwgEp¥kelIksikmµ Rbhak;RbEhlKña )anbgðajc,as;fa RbsinebIKµankareRbIR)as;dI RbkbedaysmFm’ plitPaB niglkçN³cMruHeT vanwgmankarGPivDÆ ksikmµTn;exSay kareFVIcMruHkmµksikmµkMritTab nigplcMeNjtictYcsMrab;ksikrtUc²PaKeRcIn . enARbeTsxøH ktþaenHnaMeGaymanrbb {skþiPUmiEbbfµI} EdlkñúgenaHkmµsiT§i nigkareRbIR)as;dI vaRbmUlpþúMenA kñúgédGñkmanzan³x<s;mYycMnYntUcEdlrs;enATIRkug ehIykarrMelaP ykdI¼FnFanFmµCati BIsMNak;BYkGñkmanzan³x<s;KWCaerOgFmµta . kñúgesNarIyUu:EbbenH karGPivDÆKWGacsMerc)anmYykMrit b:uEnþvanwgElg ekInEfmeTot ehIypþl;CMerIstictYcNas;sMrab;karGPivDÆmancIrPaB¼ karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . enAeBlmanerOgdUcxagelI eKBi)ak EktMrUvvijNas; ehIyRbeTskm<úCaGaceronsURtBIbTBiesaFn_enH edIm,IecosvagbBaða . karpþl;sm,TandIesdækic© KWCabBaðasµúKsµaj nigcMrUgcMras;enA km<úCa EdlnaMeGaymanpussMnYrCaeRcInBItmøaPaB¼lkçN³minRbkan; bkSBYkkñúgkarpþl;sm,Tan nigBImuxsBaØabMerIesdækic©BitEmn rWy:agNa . sm,TandIesdækic©sMrab;daMdMNaMlk;ykR)ak; nigeFIVcMkarFM² Gacpþl; plcMeNj)aneRcIn nigPøam²dl;esdækic©k¾BitEmn b:uEnþvaGacCYy)an tictYcNas;dl;plitPaBksikmµkñúgry³eBlEvg kMritCIvPaBenACnbT nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . RbsinebIRKb;RKgmin)anl¥eT vaGackøay CakarRbmUlTijdIsMrab;Tuklk;ekjykcMeNj nigeKcevsBIkar bg;Bn§ . knøgmkmankareFVIrbgB½T§ykdIFM² Edl)anbnÞúcbg¥ak;dl; shKmn_nanaEdlRtUveFVIkarGPivDÆCnbT nigksikmµedayxøÜnÉg . mü:agvijeTot sm,TandIsgÁmkic© k¾GacCaynþkarmYyd¾sMxan;sMrab; pþl;dIeTAeGayGñkKµandIFøI ehIyk¾GackøayCaeKalkarN_ENnaMxag eKalneya)ay nigCaRbB½n§mYysMrab;EkERbdIéRBrbs;rdæeGayeTAbMerI tMrUvkarplitkmµksikmµvij . b:uEnþknøgmk dMeNIrkarpþl;sm,TandI sgÁmkic©vayWty:avxøaMgNas; ehIyRtUvEtBenøÓnEfmeTot . kñúgdMNak;kalxagmuxénkarGPivDÆRbeTskm<úCa manbBaðaxag eKalneya)ayFM²mYycMnYnEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;³1> etIRbeTskm<úCaRtUveFVIdUcemþc edIm,IsMerc)antulüPaBl¥rvag
eKalneya)ay¼karRKb;RKgdIFøI EdlCYyCMrujkareRbIR)as;dIeGay manplitPaB¼karbegáItRTBüFn ehIynigkareFVIeGayR)akdfa enAtMbn;CnbT KWmandIFøIsMrab;eFVIkarGPivDÆCnbT¼kat;bnßyPaB RkIRkeGay)ansMerc ?
2> etIeKGacBRgIkRBMEdnksikmµy:agNa)an tamry³karykdIrdæmk bMerIplitkmµksikmµ? etIrdæKYrBüayamrkSaTukdIFøI b¤k¾yl;RBmepÞr vaeTAeGayvis½yÉkCnedIm,IGPivDÆksikmµ? ebIyl;RBmepÞr etIKYr
¬teTATMB½r 17¦
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TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
GtßbTenH bkRsayBIdMeNIrkaresdækic©énRbeTsmanesdækic©xøaMg²kñúg BiPBelak nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆmYycMnYnkñúgtMbn; RBmTaMgbgðajBI ninñakaréføTMnijksikmµxøH²kñúgTIpSarGnþrCati enARtImasTI4 2007 .
kMeNInesdækic©BiPBelakenARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 pss Bit rbs;shrdæGaemrik ekIn 2/5° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun edaysarmankarcUlrYmcMENkCaviC¢manGMBIcMNay eRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn karnaMecj xÞg;GnivasCn cMNayrbs;rdænigGaCJaFr mUldæan brikçar nigsUhVEvr . kMeNInBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM mankMritTab CagenARtImasmun nigRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 EdlbgðajBIkarfycuH vinieyaKelIsþúkTMnij karnaMecj nigkarcMNayrbs;rdæaPi)alshB½n§. kMeNIn pss Bit enAtMbn;GWr:U kñúgry³eBl1qñaMmankMrit 2/2° KWTab CagkMeNIn 2/7° enARtImasTI3 qñaM2007 nigkMeNIn 3/1° enA RtImasTI4 qñaM2006 . enARbeTsCb:un enARtImasTI4 pss ekIn)an 2/0° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun . pss Bit enAcin ekIn 11/2° eFobnwgGMLúgeBldUcKñaqñaMmun b:uEnþvamankMeNInyWtbnþiceFobnwgRtImasmun . kMeNInx<s;enH)anmk BIkMeNInd¾maMTaM nigmansßirPaBénplitkmµ]sSahkmµ nigkarnaMecj . kñúgry³mYyqñaM dl;RtImasTI4 pss Bit enAkUer:xagt,Úg ekIn 5/7° eFobnwgkMeNIn 5/2° sMrab;RtImasmun. kMeNInTTYl)anCasMxan;mkBI kMeNInvinieyaKelIRTBüskmµCab;lab; 1/6° nigkMeNInkarnaMecj 7/0° . kñúgry³mYyqñaM pss Bit enAétv:an; nig hugkug ekIn 6/4° nig 6/7° . kMeNInenAhugkugx<s;CagRtImasmun rIÉkMeNInenAétv:an; TabCagRtImasmun . kMeNIn pss enAm:aeLsIu sMrab;ry³eBl 12Ex enAEtxøaMgeday eLIgdl; 7/3° eFobnwgkMeNIn 6/7° enARtImasmun ehIyktþaCMruj sMxan;KW GRtakMeNInx<s;kñúgplitkmµ ¬5/6°¦ nigesvakmµ ¬9/1°¦. sMrab;qñaM2007 enAsigðburI kMeNIn pss Bit fycuHmkRtwm 6/0° eFobnwgkMeNIn 8/9° enARtImasmun nigkMeNIn 7/7° kñúgry³mYyqñaM dl;RtImasTI4 qñaM2006 . karfycuHkMeNInenH bNþalmkBIkarFøak;cuH
kMeNIny:agxøaMgkñúgplitkmµ sMNg; nigesvakmµhirBaØvtßú . pss Bit enAéf ekIn 5/7° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun KWx<s;CagkMeNIn 4/8° kñúgry³eBl mYyqñaMdl;RtImasmun . kMeNInd¾xøaMgenH )anmkBIkarekIneLIgKYr[ kt;sMKal;kñúgcMNayeRbIR)as;rdæaPi)al ¬16°¦ nigkMeNIny:ageRcInkñúg plitkmµ .
GtiprNakñúgBiPBelak nigGRtabþÚrR)ak;enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 éføTMnijeRbIR)as;enAshrdæGaemrik ekIn 3/9° eFobnwgmYyqñaMmun nigekInxøaMgCagRtImasmunEdlmanGRta 2/4° edaysarGsßirPaBTIpSarTMnijkñúgsaklelak CaBiessmðÚbGahar nigfamBl . GRtaGtiprNaRbcaMqñaMenAtMbn;GWr:UmankMrit 2/9° KWx<s;Cag kalBImYyqñaMmun nigRtImasmunEdlmanGRta 1/9°. enACb:un GtiprNa RbcaMqñaMKµankarERbRbYlebIeFobnwgqñaMmun b:uEnþvax<s;CagRtImasmun ¬-0/1°¦. kareLIgéføTMnijeRbIR)as;GacbNþalmkBIéføeRbg nig TMnijmYycMnYneTot. enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 enATIpSarbþÚrR)ak;breTs duløarUS Føak;éfø Tl;nwgrUbiyvtßúcMbg² elIkElgEtTl;nwgR)ak;)atéf . duløarbþÚr)an 113/07ey:n¼duløarUS eFobnwgRtImasmunEdl)andl; 117/7 ey:n¼duløarUS ehIyduløark¾Føak;éføEdrTl;nwgR)ak;GWr:U R)ak;y:uncin nig R)ak;v:unkUer:xagt,Úg edaybþÚr)an 0/69GWr:U¼duløarUS 7/43yu:un¼duløarUS nig 921/23v:un¼duløarUS .
éføTMnijenATIpSarBiPBelakenARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 plitplksikmµhak;mandMeNIrkarl¥ eday éføTMnijdUcCaeBat eRbgqa Ggár nigsENþkesog ekIneLIg . éføeBat ekIn 12° eRbgqa 13° nigsENþkesog 22° rIÉéføGgár Thai 100% B
ekIn 6°. éføeRbgeqA saMg nigm:as‘Ut k¾ekIneLIgEdrkñúgRtImasenH. éføeRbgeqAekIndl; 82/88 duløar¼Fug rIÉsaMgekIn 7° dl; 59/48 esn¼lIRt nigm:asU‘tekIn 18° dl;66/54esn¼lIRt .
eroberogedayelak saMg c½nÞhgS
tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBeRkARbeTs
4> etIrdæaPi)al nigvis½yÉkCn GaceFVIy:agNaedIm,ICMrujkarGPivDÆ GclnRTBü¼kareRbIR)as;dI EdlmanplRbeyaCn_dl;esdækic© CYybMeBjtMrUvkarkñúgshKmn_TaMgsMrab;Gñkman nigGñkRk nig eKarBdl;brisßan nigsIlFm’Caekrþ×dMENlrbs;km<úCa?
RbCaBlrdækm<úCa RtUveFVIkarrYmKñaedIm,IrkdMeNaHRsayxageKal neya)ay nigkMNt;skmµPaBBak;B½n§nwgbBaðaTaMgLaydUcxagelI . dIFøICa FnFanesdækic©d¾sMxan; CaRbPBénsnþisux suxmalPaB nigGtþsBaØaN . eRkABIenH dIFøIenAmanplRbeyaCn_Cak;EsþgCaeRcIneTot eTaHbICalkçN³ GrUbIkþI vamansar³sMxan;CaxøaMgsMrab;RKb;shKmn_ nigRKb;RbCaCati .
GnuvtþtameKalneya)aymanEpnkarCak;lak; rWk¾edIrtamesNarIy:U GviC¢manénkarpøas;kEnøg¼cMNakRsukrbs;m©as;dItUc² karT®nÞan ykdIeFVIBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarrMelaPykdIBIsMNak;Rkumh‘un¼Gñkman zan³x<s;?
3> etIRtUvRKb;RKg¼eRbIR)as;dIsm,Tanesdækic© nigdIsm,TansgÁmkic© y:agdUcemþc edIm,ICYyCMrujvinieyaKmanplitPaBelIdIFøI edIm,Ipþl; plRbeyaCn_dl;TaMgGñkman nigGñkRk? etIRtUvEklMGkarRKb;RKg dIFøIy:agNaeTotedIm,IeGaymantmøaPaB nigGPi)alkic©l¥kñúgkar EbgEckFnFan kMNt;tMbn; kMNt;tMél nigbegáIncMNUlBn§?
tBITMB½r 16 dIFøI RTBüsm,tþi GclnRTBü >>>
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18
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
tarag2> GRtaGtiprNaénédKUBaNiC¢kmµeRCIserIs BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬kMeNInCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun-mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
RbeTsGas‘aneRCIserIs km<úCa 3.2 1.2 4.0 5.8 4.7 3.4 3.0 4.6 6.0 9.6 \NÐÚensIu 13.2 8.3 8.3 10.5 13.4 6.1 6.4 6.0 6.5 6.7 m:aeLsIu 1.8 1.1 1.6 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.6 1.4 1.8 2.2 sigðburI -0.4 0.5 1.7 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.0 2.7 4.1 éf 0.6 1.8 2.7 4.5 4.7 3.3 2.4 1.9 1.7 2.9 evotNam 3.8 3.1 7.8 8.2 7.7 - 6.6 - - -RbeTsGasIueRCIserIs cin -0.7 1.2 3.9 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.6 3.6 6.1 6.6 hugkug -3.0 -2.6 -0.4 1.1 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 3.5 kUer:xagt,Úg 2.7 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 étv:an; -0.2 -0.3 1.6 2.3 0.6 -0.1 1.0 0.3 1.4 4.5RbeTs]sSahkmµeRCIserIs 0.0 GWr:U-12 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.9 Cb:un -0.9 -0.3 Nil -0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 shrdæGaemrik 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.4 3.9
Sources: International Monetary Fund, Economist and National Institute of Statistics
tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBeRkARbeTs
tarag4> éføplitpleRCIserIsenAelITIpSarBiPBelak BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
eBat (US No. 2) - US ¬$/etan¦ 89.98 95.42 110.65 89.19 111.04 140.18 154.33 146.10 139.81 156.9eRbgqa- GWr:ubBayBü ¬$/etan¦ 353.91 402.03 427.47 381.32 433.85 494.92 552.06 691.44 745.86 841.39Ggár (Thai 100%B) - )agkk ¬$/etan¦ 178.59 182.22 221.67 262.88 282.00 279.10 294.17 283.89 304.75 323.92sENþkesog (US No. 1) - US ¬$/etan¦ 182.58 218.86 262.03 224.25 213.88 230.17 255.33 259.95 299.99 366.59eRbgeqA-DUéb ¬$/Fug¦ 23.9 26.8 33.5 50.14 61.58 56.39 54.21 65.41 72.48 82.88saMg - US Gulf Coast ¬esn¼lIRt¦ 19.1 23 30.9 42.19 47.70 41.02 41.71 57.93 55.49 59.48ma:s‘Ut ¬s<an;F½rtic elx2¦ - US Gulf Coast ¬esn¼lIRt¦ 17.85 21.63 29.48 44.35 51.35 46.11 45.61 53.90 56.62 66.54
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organisation and US Energy Information Administration
tarag3> GRtabþÚrR)ak;eFobnwgduløarénrUbiyvtßúrbs;édKUBaNiC¢kmµeRCIserIs BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
RbeTsGas‘aneRCIserIs km<úCa ¬erol¦ 3912.1 3973 4016.3 4092.5 4103.2 4111.3 4046.7 4065.7 4078 4026 \NÐÚensIu ¬rUBIy:a¦ 9311 8577 8938 9705 9134 9125 9107 8968.3 9257.8 9240.2 m:aeLsIu ¬rIghÁIt¦ 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.67 3.62 3.50 3.43 3.46 3.35 sigðburI ¬duløarsigðburI¦ 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.45 éf ¬)at¦ 42.9 41.5 40.2 40.2 37.9 36.5 33.9 32.5 31.4 33.87 evotNam ¬dug¦ 15,280 15,510 - 15,859 15,994 16,077 16,356 - - -RbeTsGasIueRCIserIs cin ¬y:un¦ 8.28 8.28 8.28 8.19 7.97 7.86 7.76 7.68 7.55 7.43 hugkug ¬duløarhugkug¦ 7.80 7.78 7.79 7.78 7.77 7.78 7.81 7.82 7.81 7.77 kUer:xagt,Úg ¬v:un¦ 1251 1192 1145 1024 955 938 939 929 927 921.23 étv:an; ¬duløarétv:an;-NT$¦ 34.5 34.4 33.6 32.1 32.5 32.8 32.9 33.1 32.9 32.4RbeTs]sSahkmµeRCIserIs GWr:U-12 ¬GWr:U¦ 1.06 0.89 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.69 Cb:un ¬ey:n¦ 125.4 115.9 108.2 110.2 116.4 117.8 119.4 120.8 117.7 113.07
Sources: International Monetary Fund, Economist and National Bank of Cambodia
tarag1> kMeNIn pss Bit énédKUBaNiC¢kmµeRCIserIs BIqñaM2002-2007 ¬kMeNInCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
RbeTsGas‘aneRCIserIs km<úCa 4.8 7 7.7 13.4 10.6 - - - - - \NÐÚensIu 3.8 4.9 5.1 5.6 5.4 6.1 - - - 6.3 m:aeLsIu 5.6 5.4 7 5.2 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.7 7.3 sigðburI 2.6 1.4 8.5 5.7 7.7 7.0 6.0 8.2 8.9 6.0 éf 6.1 6.9 6 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.7 evotNam 6.7 7 7.5 8.4 8.1 - - - - -RbeTsGasIueRCIserIs cin 8.1 9.9 9.5 9.6 10.5 10.7 11.1 11.5 11.4 11.2 hugkug 5.0 3.2 8.3 6.5 6.6 7.0 5.6 6.9 6.2 6.7 kUer:xagt,Úg 6.1 3 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.2 5.7 étv:an; 4.2 3.1 5.7 4.1 4.6 4.0 4.1 5.07 6.9 6.4RbeTs]sSahkmµeRCIserIs GWr:U-12 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.5 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.2 Cb:un 0.4 2.6 3.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 shrdæGaemrik 2.4 3.1 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.1 1.5 3.8 4.9 2.5
Sources: International Monetary Fund, Economist and countries’ statistic offices
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19
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBkñúgRbeTsskmµPaBesdækic©sMxan;²enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 vinieyaKenAkm<úCaFøak;cuHRbEhl 40°
eFobnwgRtImasmun mkRtwm 741/5landuløar . GnumtielIksikmµ
mantMél 102/4landuløar rWeRcInCagRtImasmun 8dg . Gnumti
elIvis½y]sSahkmµ ekIneLIgCitmYyCaBIr dl; 328/0landuløar
rIÉGnumtielIesvakmµmantMél 311/1landuløar rWfycuH 68° .
kñúgGnumtisMrab;]sSahkmµTaMgGs; man 63° xagEkécñmðÚbGahar
nig 21° xagkat;edr . Gnumtixagkat;edrKitCaRTBüskmµ
Cab;lab; ekIn 70° eFobnwgRtImasmun . kñúgKMeragGnum½tenA
RtImasTI4 Gnuvis½ykat;edr begáItkargarfµI)aneRcInCageK KWsMrab;
31>492nak; . cMeBaHvis½yesvakmµ GnumtieTscrN_ mantMél
111/8landuløar rWfycuH 70° eFobnwgRtImasmun . KMerag
eTscrN_Edl)anGnum½t nwgRtUvkarbuKÁlikfIµ 4685nak; rIÉGnumti
elIvis½yksikmµnwgeRbIR)as;Blkrdl;eTA 4281nak; .
enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 Gnumtisagsg;mantMél
172/2landuløar rWfycuH 4/2° eFobnwgRtImasmun . GnumtiPUmiRKwH
nigpÞH Føak;cuH 6/8° mkRtwm 20/2landuløar ehIyGnumtisMNg;
pÞHElVg fycuH 51° mkRtwm 57/6landuløar . pÞúyeTAvij
kñúgqñaM2007 Gnumtisagsag;TaMgGs; )anekIneLIgCitmYyCaBIr
eFobnwgqñaM2006 dl; 635/8landuløar . sMNg;PUmiRKwH nigpÞH
ekIneLIgCagBIrdgdl; 79/1landuløar ehIysMNg;pÞHElVg ekIn 45°
eFobnwgqñaMmun dl; 297/2landuløar .
enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 GtierkBaNiC¢kmµekInx<s;Cag
RtImasmun edayeLIgdl; 189/3landuløar . karnaMecjsrub Føak;cuH
11° mkRtwm 793/4landuløar . karnaMecjsMelokbMBak; fycuH
14° mkRtwm 727/1landuløar . karnaMecjRtI fycuH 21°
mkRtwm 0/9landuløar rIÉkarnaMecjekAs‘U ekIn 25° dl;
14/6landuløar . ebIeFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 karnaMecjsrub
ekIn 7/7° . karnaMcUlekIn 6/3° eFobnwgRtImasmun dl;
982/7landuløar . kñúgenHkarnaMcUl)arI fycuH 1/9° mkRtwm
27/9landuløar rIÉkarnaMcUleRKOgsMNg; fycuH 6/9° mkRtwm
32/5landuløar . karnaMcUlsIum:g;t× Føak;cuH 18° mkRtwm
12/1landuløar ehIykarnaMcUlEdk fycuH 22° mkRtwm
9/3landuløar . karnaMcUlplitpleRbg fycuH 18° mkRtwm
58/9landuløar b:uEnþekIn 0/3° eFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 .
enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 ePJóveTscrmkdl;km<úCa ekIneLIg
42° eFobnwgRtImasmun dl; 607>964nak; . ePJóvmkdl;tam
pøÚvGakasman 61° éncMnYnePJóvmkdl;srub ehIykñúgenaH
GakasyandæanPñMeBjTTYl)an 153>743nak; . ePJóvmkdl;tam
pøÚveKaktMNageGay 37° énePJóvmkdl;srub ehIyenAsl;BIenaH
KWmkdl;tampøÚvTwk . ePJóvmksMraklMEh ekIn 32° dl;
480>963nak; rW ekIn 13° eFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 .
hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 RbtibtiþkarfvikaCati man»nPaB 204/0Ban;
lanerol KWx<s;CagRtImasmun EdlmanRtwm78/7Ban;lanerol .
cMNUlsrub ekIneLIg 11° dl; 1141/8Ban;lanerol eday)anCa
sMxan;mkBIcMNUlBn§ EdlekIneLIg 14° dl; 963/7Ban;lanerol .
cMNUlBn§kñúgRsukman 69° éncMNUlBn§srub rIÉcMNUlBn§elI
BaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTsman 31° . cMNUlminEmnBn§ fycuH
7/2° mkRtwm 173/5Ban;lanerol . cMNUl)anBIGclRTBü
dUcCa karCYldIrdæ nigcMNUlBIshRKasrdæ Føak;cuH 8/1° mkRtwm
13/6Ban;lanerol . karlk;TMnij nigesva ¬dUcCa karGnuBaØateGay
lk;dUr kMérrdæ)al cMNUl)anmkBIvinieyaK nigBn§RBlanynþehaH¦
ekIneLIg 22° dl; 122/6Ban;lanerol . cMNUlmUlFn )anmkBIkar
vinieyaKhirBaØvtßúKW 4/5Ban;lanerol eRbobeFobnwgcMNUlsUnüenA
RtImasmun .
cMNaysrub ekIneLIgRbEhl 20° eFobnwgRtImasmun dl;
1345/8Ban;lanerol . cMNayelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ ekIneLIg 43°
dl;362/6Ban;lanerol ehIy]btßmÖFnrbs;rdæaPi)al nigCMnYy
sgÁmkic© ekIneLIg 69° dl; 194/2Ban;lanerol . karykkMérxag
hirBaØvtßúKW 27/0Ban;lanerol kñúgenaH karR)ak;elIbMNuleRkA
RbeTsmancMnYn 16/0Ban;lanerol . cMNaymUlFn ekIneLIg 30°
dl; 463/4Ban;lanerol . karpþl;hirBaØb,TankñúgRsukman
160/2Ban;lanerol ehIykarpþl;hirBaØb,TanBIeRkARbeTsmancMnYn
303/2Ban;lanerol .
GtiprNa nigGRtabþÚrR)ak;enARtImasTI4 qñaM2007 snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as;srub ekIn 15/9°
eFobnwgRtImasTI4 qñaM2006 . mðÚbGahar nigePsC¢³KµanCatiRsa
man 58/04° éncMNayelIkarrs;enAsrub nigekIneLIg 21/7° .
cMNayelIkarsñak;enA TwkePøIg ]sµ½n nig\n§n³epSg²eTot ekIn
11/5° karEfTaMsuxPaB ekIn 10/8° kardwkCBa¢Ún ekIn 5/3° rIÉ
cMNayelITUrKmnaKmn_ Føak;cuH 16/8° .
enAeBlEdléføTMnijesIÞrEtRKb;muxekIneLIg R)ak;erol)an
eLIgéføTl;nwgduløarUS edaybþÚr)an 4030/1 erol¼duløarUS rWeLIgéfø
1/3° eFobnwgRtImasmun nigeLIgéfø 2/4° eFobnwgRtImasTI4
qñaM2006 . Tl;nwgR)ak;)atéf R)ak;eroleLIgéfø 0/5° dl;
129/3erol¼)at ehIyTl;nwgR)ak;dugevotNam vabþÚr)an 25/2
erol¼100dug .
karvivtþrUbiyvtßúenAcugExFñÚ 2007 rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) man 11310/7Ban;lanerol
rWekInCit 63° eFobnwgcugExFñÚ 2006 . rUbiyvtßú (M1) ekIndl;
2052/0Ban;lanerol kñúgenaHR)ak;erolcracrman 97° nig
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20
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
tamdanesdækic© - sßanPaBkñúgRbeTs
R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ 3° . rUbiyvtßúepSg² EdlrYmman R)ak;beBaIØsnSM
R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt; nigR)ak;beBaØICarUbiyvtßúbreTs ekIn
75° dl; 9258/7Ban;lanerol . kñúgeBlCamYyKña R)ak;beBaØI
CarUbiyvtßúbreTsekIn 76° dl; 9137/7Ban;lanerol .
RTBüskmµkñúgRsuksuT§ nigRTBüskmµbreTssuT§ )anrYmcMENk
dl;kMeNInrUbiyvtßúTUeTA . enAExFñÚ 2007 RTBüskmµkñúgRsuksuT§
mantYelxviC¢man 576/0Ban;lanerol . \NTankñúgRsukman
4570/0Ban;lanerol rWekIn 71° eFobnwgeBldUcKñaqñaM2006 .
\NTanrdæaPi)alekIn 3/6° dl; 297/0Ban;lanerol ehIy
\NTandl;vis½yÉkCnekIn 76° dl; 6386/0Ban;lanerol .
mü:ageTot R)ak;beBaØIrdæaPi)al ekIn 70° dl; 2112/9Ban;lanerol
nigbMNulFnaKarepSg² ekIn 35° dl; 3994/1Ban;lanerol .
RTBüskmµbreTssuT§ ekIn 49° dl; 10734/7Ban;lanerol
enAcugExFñÚ 2007 .
eroberogeday pan; dalIs nigb:un dUrINa
edIm,Ipþl;B½t’maneGaysisS-nisSit RkumRKYsar nignieyaCkRBmTaMg
pøas;bþÚrTsSn³saFarNCnEdlfasBaØab½Rt]tþmsikSa CameFüa)ay
EtmYyedIm,Irk)ankargarl¥ ehIykarGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³¼
bec©keTs KWsMrab;Etkargarfñak;Tab . Gñkbec©keTs nigvisVkr
KWCakMlaMgBlkmµCMnaj CMrujesdækic©sigðburI nigkUer:xagt,Úg ehIy
BlkrTaMgenaHGacrkR)ak;cMNUl)any:ageRcIn nigmanGnaKtkargar
l¥eTotpg .
edIm,IeqøIytbnwgbMErbMrYltMrUvkarTIpSarBlkmµ RksYgkargar
nigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ cg;CYykñúgkargarsMrbtamkarpøas;bþÚr
karksagPaBCaédKUCamYyshRKasnigGñksikSa ¬karEbgEckbnÞúk
cMNay¦ nigkarbnþeRbIR)as;karGPivDÆCMnajedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk.
müa:geTot RksYgCYyEklMGplitPaB¼karRKb;RKg tamry³kar
GPivDÆCMnaj karbegIánkMriteRbIR)as;smtßPaB nigkarkat;bnßyéfø
edImCamFümkñúgeragcRk . RksYgk¾nwgbegIátsþg;darsmtßPaBRsbtam
tMrUvkarshRKas ¬karbNþúHbNþalEdlnaMeGaymankargareFIV nigkar
TTYlsÁal;¦ nigbegIátTIPñak;garrkkargareGayeFVIfñak;CatimYy ¬edIm,I
EklMGdMeNIrkarTIpSarBlkmµ¦ RBmTaMgbegáInskmµPaBvis½ysaFarN³
kñúgkarGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalCMnaj¼bec©keTs edIm,IbNþúHbNþal
Gñkbec©keTs nigvisVkr . müa:geTot RksYgnwgCMrujeGaynieyaCk
pþl;karGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalCMnaj¼bec©keTs kan;EteRcIn pþl;kar
KaMRT edIm,IbegáInKuNPaBviTüasßanbNþúHbNþalÉkCn tamry³bNþaj
CatimYyénGñkGb;rMnigbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³¼bec©keTs RBmTaMgpøas;
bþÚrkaryl;eXIjrbs;yuvCn nigGaNaBüa)alBYkeK elIkarGb;rMnig
bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³¼bec©keTs .
tBITMB½r 11 karTajykRbeyaCn_ >>>
tBITMB½r 14 RbeTskm<úCa qñaM2008 nig >>>
ynþkarCMrujkarsRmbsRmYl nigkic©shRbtibtiþkarrvagGaCIvkr •
nigrdæaPi)al minGacbnþdwknaMedayGñkpþl;CMnYyeT KWcaM)ac;RtUv
EtÉkraCü . CMerIsmYyEdl)anelIkeLIg KWkarBRgwgsPa
BaNiC¢kmµkm<úCa eTaHbInaeBlsBVéf¶ sPaBaNiC¢kmµkm<úCaminTan;
mansmtßPaBRKb;RKan; edIm,IbMeBjtYnaTICaGñkdwknaMEbbenHkþI .
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edaymaneKaledAyUrGEgVg dak;KYbbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgGs;eGaykøay
Cakariyal½yÉkraCümYy .
vishmCÄkarcMeBaHfñak;extþ edIm,IbegáInkic©shRbtibtþikarrvag •
rdæ-GaCIvkr ehIykarbegIátevTikafñak;tMbn; EdlsMxan;Nas;Edr
sMrab;briyakasGaCIvkmµtamtMbn;kan;EtrwgmaM .
bBaðaRbQmcMeBaHkarGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn RtUv)anedaHRsayelI •
TidæPaBBIrepSgKña . TidæPaBTImYyepþatelI rgVas;Cak;EsþgmYycMnYn
dUcCa smahrNkmµTIpSarkñúgtMbn; nigkarkat;bnßyéføedImplitkmµ .
TidæPaBTIBIr karenAesssl;bBaðaRbQmxagGPi)alkic©Edl
b:HBal;dl;vis½yÉkCn nigsmtßPaBeFIVGaCIvkmµrbs;vis½yenH .
bBaðaRbQmxagGPi)alkic©sMrab;karGPivDÆvis½yÉkCn rYmman •
karlM)akepSg² Tak;TinnwgsiTi§kan;kab;GclnRTBü nigkarBRgwg
Gnuvtþn_kic©snüa . karvivtþCaviC¢mank¾manmYycMnYnEdr dUcCa
vimCÄkarnigkarepÞrGMNaceFVIEpnkar kMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³
nig rebobrbbeFVICaédKUrvagvis½yÉkCn nigrdæ . ninñakarsMxan;mYy
EdleTIbpuseLIg KWkMeNInGñkdwknaMshRKasGaCIvkmµ nigGñk
zan³x<s;fIµ²EdlTMngCanwgesIñsMukMENTMrg;RbePTxøHeTot ehIy
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l¥eRcInEdr edIm,IbegIátGNþÚgEr: nigpÁt;pÁg;plitplEr:dl;RbeTs
nanaenAGasIu . RbsinebIKMeragnanaGnuvtþeLIgedaymankar
TTYlxusRtUv nigmanKNenyüPaBxagsgÁmkic© nigbrisßan km<úCa
BitCamanskþanuBleRcIn edIm,ITTYl)anplcMeNjCakarGPivDÆ
ehdæarcnasm<½n§ karksagsmtßPaB nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .
b:uEnþTaMgGs;enHkMBugsißtkñúgdMNak;kalRsavRCavenAeLIyeT .
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TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
tamdanesdækic© - snÞsSn_esdækic©
tarag1> KMeragvinieyaKÉkCn)anGnum½t qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4RTBüskmµCab;lab; ¬landuløar¦
ksikmµ 40.3 3.7 12.3 26.8 126.5 216.9 0.0 154.6 19.1 2.1 12.0 102.4]sSahkmµ 67.7 137.2 187.9 914.6 40.1 76.9 171.7 76.6 142.7 51.2 187.2 328.0 kat;edr 27.2 68.1 132.6 174.4 30.5 9.6 23.2 26.1 36.6 24.3 40.7 69.1esvakmµ 145.3 168.4 91.8 155.5 60.7 2,043.2 94.5 740.7 335.7 138.0 957.7 311.1 sNæaKar nigeTscrN_ 47.1 124.1 55.9 102.6 0.0 26.2 3.5 315.3 140.3 55.0 653.8 199.2srub 253.3 309.3 292.0 1096.9 227.3 2,337.0 266.2 971.9 497.5 191.3 1156.9 741.5
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmunsrub - - - - 90.7 928.1 -88.6 265.1 -48.8 -61.6 504.7 -35.9
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunsrub 13.1 22.1 -5.6 275.6 -52.2 2331.2 -34.1 715.4 118.9 91.8 334.6 -23.7
Including expansion project approvals. Source: Cambodian Investment Board
tarag2> tMélKMeragsMNg;enAPñMeBj)anGnum½t qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4landuløar
PUmiRKwH/ pÞH 23.4 20.0 30.3 45.5 10.1 5.7 7.6 9.7 14.4 22.8 21.7 20.2pÞHElVg 179.9 91.6 167.6 204.2 39.9 51.8 67.1 54.5 88.9 33.2 117.5 57.6epSg² 16.6 87.3 65.6 109.1 17.4 24.7 20.8 13.9 35.9 88.8 40.6 94.3srub 219.9 198.9 263.5 358.8 67.4 82.2 95.5 78.2 139.2 144.7 179.7 172.2
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmunsrub - - - - -6.2 22.2 16.1 -18.1 78.0 3.9 24.2 -4.2
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunsrub 12.0 -9.5 32.5 36.2 -36.5 -21.2 24.8 8.9 106.5 76.0 88.2 120.2
Source: Department of Cadastre and Geography of Phnom Penh municipality
tarag3> karnaMecj nignaMcUl qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4landuløar
karnaMecjsrub 1453.2 1708.1 2108.1 2352.8 603.2 652.5 807.5 736.7 707.8 705.0 890.8 793.4 rYmman³ sMelokbMBak; 1355.8 1628.4 2027 2253.3 568.5 632.4 782.0 716.0 677.5 688.2 846.1 727.1 - eTAshrdæGaemrik 943.4 1099.8 1270.9 1546.1 402.5 438.6 522.8 483.2 499.1 451.2 - - - eTAshKmn_GWur:ub 356.3 414.7 590.8 503.1 110.6 142.2 188.1 160.1 106.3 163.1 - - - RbeTsepSgeTot 56.1 113.8 165.3 204.1 55.3 51.6 71.0 72.8 72.0 73.8 - - ksikmµ 97.3 79.7 81.2 99.5 34.7 20.2 25.5 20.7 30.3 16.8 - - - ekAs‘U 29.7 35.1 38.3 36.7 7.8 9.8 13.6 10.2 8.4 6.9 11.7 14.6 - eQI 16.0 10.2 11.1 10.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 - RtI 4.3 2.8 10.6 10.1 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.9 - epSg² 47.4 31.6 21.3 42.6 22.9 7.0 7.7 7.5 19.0 7.5 - - karnaMcUlsrub 1707.8 1824.9 2149.0 2513 690.7 774.9 784.3 807.1 790.9 911.6 924.5 982.7 rYmman³ plitpleRbgkat 157.5 191.6 187.0 184.8 57.6 59.8 62.4 58.7 66.5 68.5 71.0 58.9 saMg 25.9 33.2 30.2 40.2 10.9 12.4 13.1 13.2 15.7 20.2 - - m:as‘Ut 100.8 109.6 109.4 93.1 32.5 32.2 30.1 27.2 31.9 36.6 - - sMPar³sMNg; 12.9 80.8 95.3 134.7 37.0 39.1 42.5 35.8 44.1 31.6* 34.9 32.5 epSg² 1568.2 1601.3 1914.0 2245 610.3 691.2 698.5 731.0 699.2 807.5 818.6 891.3 CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ -254.6 -116.8 -40.9 -160.1 -87.5 -122.4 23.2 -70.4 -83.1 -208.1 -30.7 -189.3
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmun karnaMecjsMelokbMBak;srub - - - - -5.4 39.8 -118.9 -403.4 18.0 150.4 -85.2 -14.1 karnaMecjsrub - - - - -6.4 8.2 23.7 -8.8 -3.9 0.4 26.4 -10.9 karnaMcUlsrub - - - - -0.03 12.2 1.2 2.9 -2.0 15.3 1.4 6.3
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun karnaMecjsMelokbMBak;srub 9.2 -54.1 -64.9 291.4 51.1 -19.5 -76.2 52.0 -5.0 70.0 -232.3 1.6 karnaMecjsrub 14.6 17.5 23.4 11.6 30.3 26.7 10.6 14.3 17.3 8.0 10.3 7.7 karnaMcUlsrub 13.7 6.9 17.8 16.9 32.6 16.2 24.0 16.8 14.5 17.6 17.9 21.7Import data include tax-exempt imports. Sources: Customs and Excise Department, cited by NBC
tarag4> cMnYnGñkdMeNIrmkdl;kñúgRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
cMnYnGñkdMeNIr ¬Ban;nak;¦tampøÚvGakas 523.0 456.0 626.1 856.5 275.4 204.4 224.2 325.0 373.6 275.6 278.5 368.8 tampøÚveKak nigTwk 263.5 245.0 428.9 565.1 181.9 153.6 146.4 191.0 177.2 148.9 153.3 239.2srub 786.5 701.1 1055.0 1421.6 457.3 358.0 370.6 516.0 550.8 424.5 431.8 608.0
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgRtImasmunsrub - - - - 9.9 -21.7 4.1 39.2 6.7 -22.9 1.7 40.8
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunsrub 30.0 -10.9 50.5 34.7 20.2 21.2 14.7 24.1 20.4 19.2 16.5 17.8
Source: Ministry of Tourism
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22
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
tarag5> RbtibtþikarfvikaCatielImUldæanCasac;R)ak; qñaM2002-2007 ¬Ban;lanerol¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4cMNUlsrub 1744 1764 2126 2625 595.9 731.5 732.2 1199.6 824.9 1016.8 1031.4 1141.8cMNUlcrn§ 1728 1733 2107 2474 593.2 726.9 716.8 844.9 824.9 1012.4 1031.4 1110.3cMNUlBn§ 1227 1220 1577 1911 484.7 558.6 565.8 661.8 699.9 887.7 844.6 963.7 Bn§Ky 424 395 513 573 135.5 151.7 157.2 200.0 - - - - Bn§kñúgRsuk - - - - - - - - 487.9 642.1 584.8 660.7 Bn§elIBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs - - - - - - - - 212.1 245.6 259.8 303.0cMNUlminEmnBn§ 501 513 530 563 108.5 168.3 151.0 183.1 125.0 124.7 186.9 173.5 GaCIvkmµéRBeQI 15 7 2 3 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.9 - - - - éRbsNIy_ nigTUrKmnaKmn_ 123 120 94 123 11.4 30.0 11.7 30.0 - - - - cMNUlelIGclnRTBü - - - - - - - - 27.9 15.5 14.8 13.6 lk;TMnij nigesva - - - - - - - - 88.8 93.0 100.1 122.6cMNUlCamUlFn 16 31 19 152 2.7 4.6 15.4 354.7 0.0 4.5 0.0 4.5cMNaysrub 2948 2757 2932 3295 932.1 1020.1 1030.6 1191.9 923.9 1098.7 1126.1 1345.8cMNayCamUlFn 1388 1171 1163 1328 390.5 394.7 423.8 429.1 367.1 408.1 355.1 463.3cMNaycrnþ 1560 1586 1769 1967 541.7 625.4 606.9 762.8 556.8 681.6 771.0 882.5 Gb;rM nigsuxaPi)al 454 473 518 351 80.3 202.3 150.1 281.3 - - - - karBarCati nigsnþisuxCati 438 411 423 451 78.1 116.7 155.3 170.1 - - - - RksYgepSg²eTot 668 702 828 1165 383.2 306.4 301.5 311.4 - - - - ebovtSr_ 587 615 640 711 140.5 210.3 230.6 240.6 199.7 242.7 253.4 362.6 ]btßmÖFn nigCMnYysgÁmkic© - - - - - - - - 61.9 184.0 115.0 194.2smtulüCaTUeTA -1204 -993 -806 -706 -336.3 -288.5 -298.5 7.7 -99.0 -81.9 -78.7 -204.0hirBaØb,TanBIeRkARbeTs 1249 886 864 1127 308.0 341.3 335.2 376.2 344.0 313.9 290.3 383.2hirjØb,TankñúgRsuk -45 106 148 -396 28.3 -52.8 -36.7 -383.9 -245.0 -213.0 -148.0 -140.6
Provisional for 2007. The third quarter data are not yet available. Source: MEF web site
tarag6> snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; GRtabþÚrR)ak; nigéfømas ¬mFümPaKtamkariybriecäT¦ qñaM2002-20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
(October-December 2006:100) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; ¬bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmun¦extþ - - - - - - - - 5.9 9.0 14.4 16.6PñMeBj - - - - - - - - 4.7 5.8 7.7 12.4km<úCa - TMnijJRKb;RbePT - - - - - - - - 5.7 8.5 11.9 15.9PñMeBjJ - mðÚbGahar nigePsC¢³KµanCatiRsa - - - - - - - - 8.3 12.0 16.9 21.7PñMeBjJ - dwkCBa¢Ún - - - - - - - - -3.4 1.1 2.0 5.3
GRtabþÚrR)ak; éfømas éføeRbg\n§n³ ¬tamGRtaTIpSarenAPñMeBj¦
erolkñúg 1 duløar 3912.1 3973.3 4016.3 4119.7 4,094.8 4106.6 4145.3 4129.4 4063.0 4075.4 4082.3 4030.1erolkñúg 1 )atéf 91.1 95.8 99.9 102.6 103.5 108.0 110.3 113.0 113.7 118.0 130.0 129.3erolkñúg 100 dugevotNam 25.6 25.6 25.5 25.8 25.4 25.0 24.9 25.0 24.6 24.7 25.3 25.2éfømas ¬duløarkñúg1CI¦ 36.8 41.4 46.3 54.0 64.2 72.2 73.0 72.8 77.7 79.8 80.8 94.4éføm:as‘Ut ¬erol¼lIRt¦ 1521 1508 2088 2633 2867 3110 3333 3250 3067 3100 3203 3679éføsaMg ¬erol¼lIRt¦ 2084 2150 2833 3442 3767 4000 4200 4050 3750 3900 4002 4368
Sources: NIS, NBC & CDRI
tarag7> sßanPaBrUbiyvtßú qñaM2002-2007 ¬tYelxenAcugkariybriecäT¦2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Ban;lanerolRTBüskmµbreTssuT§ 3737 4027 4797 5475 6410 6682 6958 7224 8056 9048 9768 10735RTBüskmµkñúgRsuksuT§ -849 -698 -467 -450 -699 -637 -497 -282 -263 -172 140 576 \NeTyüsuT§elIrdæaPi)al -119 -128 -209 -421 -755 -831 -892 -953 -1176 -1403 -1547 -1816 \NTandl;EpñkÉkCn 1059 1337 1817 2394 2,778 2997 3288 3628 4066 4537 5376 6386rUbiyvtßúTUeTA M2 2888 3329 4330 5025 5711 6045 6461 6942 7793 8876 9908 11311rUbiyvtßú M1 813 937 1153 1323 1449 1512 1563 1658 1794 1748 1750 2052rUbiyvtßúepSg² 2075 2392 3177 3702 4262 4533 4898 5285 5999 7128 8158 9259
bMErbMrYlCaPaKryeFobnwgqñaMmunrUbiyvtßúTUeTA M2 31.0 15.2 30.0 16.1 27.0 30.6 29.4 38.2 36.5 46.8 53.4 62.9rUbiyvtßú M1 33.5 15.3 23.0 14.7 20.9 24.4 22.2 25.3 23.9 15.7 12.0 23.8rUbiyvtßúepSg² 30.0 15.2 32.8 16.6 33.6 32.8 31.9 42.7 40.7 57.3 66.5 75.2
Source: National Bank of Cambodia
tarag8> cMNUlRbcaMéf¶CamFümBitrbs;BlkrgayrgeRKaH ¬éføefr Exvicäika 2000¦cMNUlRbcaMéf¶ ¬Caerol¦ bMErbMrYleFobnwgqñaMmun ¬°¦
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007vicäika vicäika kumÖ³ ]sPa sIha vicäika ]sPa sIha vicäika
GñkFak;suIkøÚ 7594 8572 7614 7469 7393 6534 9245 7126 9393 8 18 27GñklIEsg 6233 6676 6895 6545 7045 6010 9798 7704 8852 33 47 26Gñklk;bEnøtUctac 5256 6532 6947 6000 6125 6125 8951 9116 8303 38 75 36GñkerIseGtcay 2718 3944 4446 4416 3903 4530 5533 6038 5560 23 42 42GñkbMerItamePaCnIydæan* 2111 4932 4448 4426 4498 4078 5150 4193 4508 21 -2 0GñksIuQñÜleFVIERs 4198 4177 4139 4365 4653 4126 4531 4561 4790 0 10 3kmµkreragcRkkat;edr 6701 9577 9277 8816 8957 11146 8347 9033 8207 6 -2 -8Gñkrt;m:UtUDub 8610 10092 9204 8201 8386 9144 12,886 8979 13,060 47 33 37kmµkrsMNg;KµanCMnaj 5399 6558 6382 5918 6028 5263 6075 5901 7550 -5 -2 43kmµkrsMNg;manCMnaj 13,127 13,111 12,679 10,316 9466 10,215 11,892 11,723 10,956 21 24 7
* Waitresses’ earnings do not include meals and accommodation provided by shop owners. Surveys on the revenue of waitresses, rice -field workers, garment workers, unskilled workers, motorcycle taxi drivers and construction workers began in February 2000. Source: CDRI
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23
TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
tBITMB½r 24 B½t’manfµIBI >>>
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enAExkkþda qñaM2008 . EpñkenH )anerobcMkarRbCuMKN³kmµaFikar
BieRKaHeyabl;sMrab;KMeragTwk EdlmankarcUlrYmBItMNagGgÁkarédKU
sßab½nrdæaPi)al nigGñkBak;B½n§epSg²eTot . EpñkenHkMBugbBa©b;
r)aykarN_ viPaKcMNaynigplcMeNjénkarGPivDÆdMNaMekAs‘UenA
km<úCa nig)anbegðIykarcuHGegátdl;kEnøgelIkTIBIr sMrab;KMeragrYm
KñamYyBIéRBtMbn;RtUBik edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRkkñúgRbeTscMnYn 5
edayviPaKtaMgBITinñn½yRKYsarrhUtdl;kMritsakl . tamkarrYm
shRbtibtþikarCamYyviTüasßanRKb;RKgTwkGnþrCati EpñkenH)anerobcM
sMeNIGnuvtþKMeragmYyGMBItMélbEnßmxagksikmµ KWCapøÚvmYyeq<aHeTA
rkkarRKb;RKgFarasa®sþl¥RbesIrenAmhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ (GMS) .
enAExemsa KMeragenH)andak;esñIeLIg dl;RksYgshRbtibtiþkar nig
GPivDÆn_esdækic©rbs;RbeTsGaløWm:g; .
Epñkksikmµ GPivDÆn_CnbT nigPaBRkIRk )ancuHkic©snüaCapøÚvkar
CamYyFnaKar ADB edIm,IedIrtYCaTIPñak;garGnuvtþKMeragkarpþÜcepþImKMnit
ksagsmtßPaBshKmn_ edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAGagTenøsab.
KMeragenH)andak;esñIeLIgCapøÚvkarenAEx]sPa eRkamkarCYy]btßmÖBI
RkumRbwkSasMrab;karGPivDÆksikmµnigCnbT nigTTYl)anmUlniFiBI
RbeTsCb:unsMrab;karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk . EpñkenHkMBugcrcaCamYy
FnaKarBiPBelak eGaybnþCMnYyhirBaØvtßúsMrab;CMuTIbIénkarsikSBI
karcakputBIPaBRkIRk EdlCakarsikSaBIDINamikénPaBRkIRk .
karcuHGegátdl;kEnøg nigskmµPaBCaeRcIneTotsMrab;karsikSaenH
kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmux ehIyrMBwgfanwgkan;EtmmajwkenAExkBaØa .
cab;BIqñaM2007 mk CDRI maneFVIsikçasalaRsavRCavBIrdgkñúg
mYyExelIbBaðaGPivDÆn_ edIm,IEckrMElklT§plrkeXIj nigBRgwg
KuNPaBRsavRCav edayBiPakSanigEckrMElkrbkKMehIj EklMG
viFIsa®sþ RBmTaMgEsVgyl;nigviPaKBIRbFanbTRsavRCav . GñkeFIV
bTbgðajkñúgsikçasalaTaMgenH mkBI CDRI sßab½nepSg²eTot nig
NGOs enAPñMeBj . cab;BIExmkra 2008 mk GñkeFIVbTbgðajmkBI
xageRkAmandUcCa bNÐit Stephane Guimert esdækic©viTUCan;x<s;én
kariyal½yFnaKarBiPBelakenAPñMeBj bNiÐt John MacAndrew
GñkRsavRCavenA ADI/CCC km<úCa nigelak Emn nimitþ naykmUlniFi
RkumRbwkSaGaCJakNþalenAkm<úCa . GñkeFIVbTbgðajmkBI CDRI man
dUcCa elakRsI eGg enRta kBaØa Fn; vimala elak c½nÞ supl
elak lwm suvNÑar:a elak hIug vutßa bNiÐt h‘an PUminÞ bNÐit
Brett Ballard nig elak sU suvNÑariTi§ . bTbgðajCab;Bak;B½n§nwg
karGPivDÆm:aRkUesdækic© PaBRkIRk GPi)alkic© BaNiC¢kmµ FnFanFmµCati
nigksikmµ .
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TsSTavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa qñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
B½t’manfµI²BI viTüasßan CDRI
TsSnavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa e)aHBum<pSayeday viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa
enAPñMeBjJcMnYn 4dg kñúgmYyqñaMCaPasaExµr nigPasaGg;eKøsenAkñúgeBldMNalKña .
TsSnavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa pþl;CaevTikamYy edIm,IBiPakSaBIbBaðaénkarGPivDÆn_EdlkMBugEtCH\T§iBl
dl;RbeTskm<úCa . GtßbTtamdanesdækic© pþl;CUnnUvmUlvicarÉkraCüsþIBIdMeNIrRbRBwtþeTAénesdækic©
RbeTskm<úCa .
TsSnavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa sVaKmn_GtßbTTaMgLayBIRbiymitþGñkGan . lixit RtUvcuHhtßelxa
RbtükSPaB TUrs½BÞ nigmanGasydæanpg . GñkniBn§TaMgGs;RtUvTak;Tg vbsG munnwgCUnGtßbT
rbs;xøÜn eTaHCaÉksarenaHminTan;erobryk¾eday . ÉksarTaMgGs;nwgRtÚvEksRmÜlsMrab;kar
e)aHBum< . vbsG sUmrkSasiT§ibdiesFkare)aHBum< edaymincaM)ac;bBa¢ak;BIehtupl .
RKwHsßanpSay³ vbsG
RKb;RKgEksMrYl³ yU siT§iriT§
EksMrYlplitkmµ³ G‘u¿ can;fa nig Kwm ci®tþa
CMnYykarEksMrYl³ eyn supanI
eragBum<dunbUsáÚ PñMeBj rUbPaBTMB½rmux³ rUbPaB vbsG
rkSasiT§i 2008 viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa
rkSasiT§iRKb;y:ag-KµanEpñkNamYyénkare)aHBum<pSayenHRtUv)ancMlgTuk b¤pSBVpSay
tamTRmg; nigtammeFüa)ayepSg²dUcCa³ eGLicRtUnik ynþkmµftcmøg>>> edayKµan
karGnuBaØatCalayl½kçN_GkSrBI vbsG eLIy .
ISSN 1560-7615 / ISBN 978-99950-52-06-5
TMnYlxusRtÚvelIKMnit stüanum½t nigkarbeBa©jJeyabl;TaMgLayenAkñúg TsSnavdþIGPivDÆn_km<úCa KWCabnÞúkpÞal;rbs;GñkniBn§ . karbeBa©jJeyabl; nigkarbkRsayTaMgenaH minEmnCaTsSn³rbs; vbsG eT .
pÞHelx56 pøÚv315 TYleKak PñMeBjJ km<úCa
RbGb;sMbuRtelx622 PñMeBjJ km<úCa
¬855-23¦ 881-701/ 881-916/ 883-603 ¬855-23¦ 880-734
e-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.cdri.org.kh
viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCaÉksare)aHBum<pSayrbs;
viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCaTsSnavdþI
GPivDÆn_km<úCaqñaMTI12 elx2 Exemsa-mifuna qñaM2008
9 789995 052065
EpñkRKb;RKg
r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM2007-2008 rbs;viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig
RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa ¬CDRI¦ Qandl;dMNak;kalcugeRkay
énkarerobcM ehIynwge)aHBum<pSay nigdak;elIeKhTMB½renAExkkáda .
RsbtamsµartIkarRbCMubUksrublT§plBak;kNþalGaNtþiénkarGnuvtþ
EpnkaryuT§sa®sþrbs;viTüasßan CDRI qñaM2006-2010 ehIy
edIm,IeqøIytbnwgtMrUvkarkñúgRsuknUvlT§plRsavRCavrbs; CDRI
viTüasßan CDRI kMBugerobcMpþl;eday\tKitéføral;r)aykarN_
RsavRCav nigrbkKMehIjrbs;xøÜn TaMgCaPasaExµr nigGg;eKøs
tamry³karpSBVpSaykñúgevbsay . CDRI k¾bnþecjpSaynUvÉksar
e)aHBum<RbkbedayKuNPaBpgEdr .
TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarGPivDÆn_GnþrCatis‘uyEGt (Sida) nig
naykdæansMrab;karGPivDÆn_GnþrCatiéncRkPBPBGg;eKøs (DFID) )an
bBa¢ak;BIkarbegáInry³eBl nigBRgIkCMnYyKaMRTdl; CDRI BIqñaM2008-
2010 TaMgsMrab;kmµviFI GPi)alkic©tamEbbRbCaFibetyünigkMEN
TMrg;vis½ysaFarN³ nigmUlniFisñÚlsMrab;Rbtibtþikar karksag
smtßPaB nigkarBRgwgsßab½n . Sida nwgbUksrubBak;kNþalGaNtþi
elIlT§plCMnYyKaMRTrbs;xøÜnenAcugqñaM2008 . Sida nig DFID
KaMRT CDRI y:agxøaMgkñúgsMeNIGnuvtþKMrUénPaBCaédKUxagFnFanenH
CamYyédKUGPivDÆn_sMxan;²epSgeTot .
enAedImExmifuna CDRI nigviTüasßansikSaBIkarRKb;RKgFnFan
FmµCatiEp¥kelIshKmn_ (CBNRMLI) )anrYmKñaerobcMkarRbCMubMpusKMnit
sMrab;karbegIátevTikaRsavRCavGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa EdlCasm<½n§édKUKña
énbNþaGgÁkarTTYlkarKaMRTBI IDRC . sm<½n§enHnwgCYyCMruj
shRbtibtiþkarRsavRCavBIeKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_ karpSBVpSay
karEckcayB½t’man nigkarksagbNþaj . mü:ageTotk¾mankarpþl;
FnFansMrab;begáInsmtßPaBbNþaGgÁkarCaédKUEdr . tamry³KMnit
pþÜcepIþmenH IDRC )anrYmcMENky:ageRcIn edIm,IelIkkMBs;dl;karRsavRCav
xageKalneya)ay edayEp¥kelIPsþútag RBmTaMgkarEckcay nig
pSBVpSaylT§plRsavRCavenH .
enAeRkaysniñsITckçúvis½yRbeTskm<úCaqñaM2008 CDRI nig
FnaKar ANZ Royal )ancuHkic©RBmeRBogerobcMrYmKñanUvsniñsITRbcaMqñaM
sMrab;qñaM2009 2010 nig 2011 kñúgenH FnaKar ANZ Royal
KWCaédKU]btßmÖKaMRT nigCYyerobcMpþac;mux .
nabc©úb,nñ CDRI kMBugbUksrublT§plBak;kNþalGaNtþiénkar
GnuvtþEpnkaryuT§saRsþqñaM2006-2010 . dMeNIrkarenHrYmman
karvaytMélBIlT§plsMerc)aneFobnwgEpnkarbc©úbnñ kareFVIbc©úb,nñPaB
nigEktMrUvEpnkarenH edIm,IqøúHbBa©aMgBIkarpøas;bþÚrepSg²EdlekItman
eLIgenAeRkayeBlGnum½t . karBinitüeLIgvijBIkarRKb;RKgFnFan
mnusSk¾kMBugGnuvtþEdr kñúgenHKWman GegátBI\riyabf¼kareBjcitþ
rbs;buKÁlik karBinitüeLIgvijBIRbB½n§eFVIcMNat;fñak;buKÁlik ebovtSr_¼
GtßRbeyaCn_rbs;buKÁlik RBmTaMgtYnaTI rcnasm<½n§ nigtMrUvkarGPivDÆn_
viC¢aCIv³énGñkRKb;RKgfñak;kNþalrbs; CDRI .
¬teTATMB½r 23¦