THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE

ON THE STATES OF MATTER

THE THREE STATES OF MATTER ARE

ALL MATTER HAVE KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy allows the particles in

each state (solid, liquid and gas) to move Solids have little kinetic energy hence

they have a fixed shaped as the particles vibrate around a fixed point

Liquids have more kinetic energy and are able to take the shape of the container

Gases have the most kinetic energy and move around freely unless it is compressed (soft drink)

HOW DOES TEMPERATURE AFFECT THE STATES OF MATTER As temperature increases, kinetic

energy increases, so the particles move faster and in all directions (randomly)

Likewise if temperature decreases the particles lose kinetic energy and move less

SOME OF THE PROCESSES THAT CHANGE THE STATE OF MATTER INCLUDE

Melting Freezing Vaporization, boiling and evaporation Condensation/liquefaction Sublimation

MELTING (SOLID→LIQUID) This is the

physical change from solid to liquid when there is an increase in temperature.

The particles gain more kinetic energy and expand due to greater movement

Melting of ice caps due to increased temperatures

FREEZING (LIQUID→SOLID) This is the

physical change from liquid to solid when there is an decrease in temperature

The particles lose kinetic energy and move slower, hence solidifying

Making ice blocks

VAPORIZATION, BOILING AND EVAPORATION Vaporization is usually the transition

from solid or liquid state to the gas state with an increase in temperature.

Boiling, wherein the transition from liquid phase to gas phase takes place at or above the boiling temperature, and it occurs below the surface.

Evaporation, wherein the transition from liquid phase to gas phase takes place below the boiling temperature at a given pressure, and it occurs on the surface.

CONDENSATION/LIQUEFACTION Liquefaction is

the change from the solid or gaseous state to liquid

Condensation is the change from a gas to a liquid

Usually occurs with a decrease in temperature

When the air comes into contact with the cold surface of the glass it condenses

SUBLIMATION (GAS→SOLID) With a decrease in temperature the gas

molecules lose kinetic energy and turn into the solid state.

WATER CYCLE• Precipitation means water that falls to the ground

from the clouds in solid or liquid form

SUMMARY Temperature affects the state of matter

of a substance. An increase in temperature increases

the kinetic energy of particles which causes the particles to move apart and expand, occupying a larger area

An decease in temperature decreases the kinetic energy of particles which causes the particles to move less and contract, occupying in some cases a smaller area