Known as the Battle of Manassas in the South

Disaster

Happened in Creek area with 25 miles of rivers

Spectators came out to watch

Battle is a big joke for the north

Disaster

Ulysses Grant (General for North) relieved of command because he was drunk

Hallock (North) vs. McClellan (South)

Hallock Brilliant strategist Doesn’t know how to use the strategies Very timid

McClellan Timid Marches south towards Richmond, Virginia Robert E. Lee and Stonwall Jackson are

waiting there

Union loses a very large amount of people

Same place in Virginia Union general lost his strategy book,

south wins

1862

McClellan is defeated

General Ambrose Burnside

300,000 Union soldiers die

1 or 2 Confederate soldiers die

Worst battle of the war for the north

January 1st, 1863

Freed the slaves

England won’t enter into war because Lincoln made the war about slavery

Union soldiers: 100,000

Confederate soldiers: 50,000 12,000 soldiers die Stonewall Jackson dies

Considered southern victory

Grant goes to Mississippi River to split Confederate forces in two

Very marshy around the city…city is up on a hill

South loses

Union forces pushed out of city to Cemetery Ridge

Pickett’s charge Infantry run up a steep hill No cavalry was sent, so Gettysburg is a loss

for the south

South leader: General Hood

General Sherman goes toward Atlanta Soldiers span 6-10 miles wide Everything in his path is destroyed Turns east to Charleston (March to the sea) Marches north to Virginia

Grant(north) traps Lee(south)

Lee escapes

Lee hears what Sherman is doing

Lee wants peace

Surrenders very solemnly

Done at Appomattox Courthouse

Hot air balloons North had lots South had one…it was captured

Better guns Minnie ball Gatling gun (60 rounds per minute) AGR machine gun (120 rounds per minute) Grenades Colt pistol

HOT AIR BALLOON GATLING GUN

Clara Barton 12 hour shifts No anesthesia for pain Amputation

Bite a piece of leather Sawed people’s limbs Takes a long time to cut No sterilization (numb the area) High # of wounded die from disease after war

205,904 people killed from battles 337,388 people died from disease 56,000 people in Prisoner of War (POW)

camps die 24,881 accidental deaths 473,000 wounded ------------------------------------------------------------

-- 1,096,000 total casualties (35-40 million in whole country)

Andersonville Considered worst POW camp 46 acres big 46,000 POW in 1864

Confederate Prison Captain Wirz in charge of Camp for the south Used basements

Cold Water-sepage

Lots of cases of abuse